KR102063401B1 - Pyrolysis device for fast pyrolysis of biomass and bio-oil manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus and a biooil production method. Biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus of the present invention is a circular column type fluidized bed reactor for rapid pyrolyzing biomass using a gas dispersion plate and a flow yarn in a circular columnar shape, and is provided on one side of the fluidized bed reactor as a fluidized bed reactor A biomass feeder for supplying biomass, a cyclone that receives the pyrolysis gas of biomass from the fluidized bed reactor, recovers the char contained in the pyrolysis gas, and condenses the bio oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the char is removed from the cyclone. By including the bio-oil condenser to produce, it is possible to efficiently burn the fuel, which is a disturbing factor of the bio-oil production process, to suppress the secondary reaction to improve the yield of bio-oil, CO ₂ produced through the combustor Fresh by recycling of non-condensable gases By drastically reducing the use of bus it is effective in lowering operating costs.

Description

Biomass Rapid Pyrolysis Apparatus and Bio-Oil Manufacturing Method Using The Same {PYROLYSIS DEVICE FOR FAST PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS AND BIO-OIL MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF}

The present invention relates to an apparatus capable of recovering biooil and a method of manufacturing biooil using the same, and more particularly, an apparatus capable of efficiently recovering biooil from biomass using a circulating fluidized bed, and a biotechnology using the apparatus. It relates to a mass rapid pyrolysis device and a biooil production method.

Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental issues such as climate change, air pollution and global warming, the need for energy development and distribution to cope with this is emerging worldwide. For this reason, research on various new and renewable energies that can replace fossil fuels is being actively conducted.

Among new and renewable energy, bioenergy, which uses biomass resources as energy through thermal and chemical conversion processes, has low greenhouse gas emissions and does not change carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere through carbon fixation, thereby replacing fossil fuels that are important for the environment. It is attracting great attention as an energy resource.

Biomass, also known as biomass and biomass, is the weight or energy quantity of a particular organism in any space. It is a broad concept that can include agriculture / timber by-products, timber, municipal waste and sewage sludge.

Thermal and chemical processes for converting such biomass into energy can be divided into direct combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. Among them, pyrolysis technology is a process of thermally decomposing biomass under anoxic conditions and recovering it in the form of a biocrude-oil, a char, and a non-condensable gas. The pyrolysis process is affected by factors such as the type of biomass feedstock, reaction temperature, residence time and catalyst.

Various studies have shown that the shorter the gas residence time in the reactor at the reaction temperature of about 500 ℃, the higher the yield of the liquid product.The rapid pyrolysis technique, which is a kind of pyrolysis technique, is the gas retention in the pyrolysis reactor. It is designed as a technique that can maximize the yield of the liquid product by shortly limiting the time to 2 seconds or less.

In the pyrolysis process, high heat transfer efficiency and uniform temperature distribution in the reactor directly affect the yield and quality of the product, and thus, a fluidized bed reactor is widely used to promote heat transfer of biomass and fluidized medium into the pyrolysis reactor.

 However, there is a need for the development of improved systems and devices that can significantly reduce energy consumption and recover biooil more efficiently from biomass.

For example, it is a method that can efficiently burn fuel, which is an obstacle of bio oil production process, a technology to improve the yield of bio oil, a technology that can increase the efficiency of the whole process, and an efficient operation cost. Skills are needed.

Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1,285,879 (registered July 7, 2013)

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a high yield, high quality biooil production method using a catalyst alone or a mixture of a catalyst and a fluid sand as a fluid medium.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus and a biooil production method capable of improving the yield of biooil by efficiently burning combustion, which is a disturbance of the biooil production process, to suppress secondary reactions. It is done.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus and a biooil production method capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of a fluid medium re-introduced into a reactor and reheating the fluid medium.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus and a biooil manufacturing method capable of efficiently extracting bio oil.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to reduce the load on the condenser and electrostatic precipitator through a filter, and to provide a high quality biooil production method in which dust and the like are removed.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus and a biooil production method capable of reducing the use of gas by recycling CO ₂ and non-condensed gas produced through the 촤 combuster.

And another object of the present invention is to minify the CO ₂ emissions through carbon capture & storage by liquefiing and storing a portion of the CO ₂ produced through the 촤 combuster.

The present invention for solving this problem has a circular columnar fluidized bed reactor for rapid thermal decomposition of biomass using a gas dispersion plate at the bottom with a circular column shape, the fluidized bed reactor is provided on one side of the fluidized bed reactor A biomass feeder for supplying biomass, a cyclone that receives the pyrolysis gas of biomass from the fluidized bed reactor, recovers the char in the pyrolysis gas, and condenses the bio oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the char is removed from the cyclone. It can be achieved by including a bio-oil condenser to produce a.

In addition, it is possible to further comprise a shock combustor for supplying a fluidized medium heated to the fluidized bed reactor by oxygen-oxygenated fuel recovered from the cyclone to efficiently burn the shock to suppress the secondary reaction.

In addition, two or more cyclones are connected to each other so as to efficiently recover the char, and the first cyclone receives the pyrolysis gas of the biomass from the fluidized bed reactor to recover the char contained in the pyrolysis gas and supply it to the char combustor. From the second cyclone, the char in the pyrolysis gas of the biomass from which the primary char was recovered from the front cyclone was recovered and re-supplied to the char combuster. It is configured to supply the pyrolysis gas to the biooil condenser.

In addition, the 촤 combust of the present invention is to burn the char in the 촤 combust so as to reduce the use of gas, the heat energy generated at this time reheats the fluid medium recycled to the fluidized bed reactor and the generated CO ₂ is CO ₂ It is configured to enter the fluidized bed reactor together with the non-condensable gas through the concentration controller.

In addition, the particle size separator of the present invention is configured to control the supply amount of the catalyst and the flowing sand using particle mixing and segregation according to the flow rate when the mixed fluid medium is recycled to the fluidized bed reactor.

And an electrostatic precipitator for additionally recovering bio oil by collecting dust and oil mist from pyrolysis gas which is not condensed into bio oil from the bio oil condenser so as to efficiently extract bio oil. .

In addition, the filter is mounted at an appropriate position of the bio oil recovery unit (cyclone to electrostatic precipitator) to reduce the load of the bio oil recovery unit and to produce high quality bio oil.

On the other hand, the biomass production method for producing bio-oil by condensing the gas produced by the rapid thermal decomposition of the biomass, (a) the step of supplying the biomass from the biomass feeder to the fluidized bed reactor, (b) of the fluidized bed reactor Rapidly pyrolyzing the biomass due to the fluid medium while the inside and the outside are heated, (c) removing 하여 using a cyclone from the pyrolysis gas generated in the rapid pyrolysis process, and (d) 에서 in step (c) Condensing the bio-oil in the bio-oil condenser by receiving the removed pyrolysis gas can be achieved by comprising a step of producing bio-oil.

In addition, step (c) circulates the fluidized medium recovered from the cyclone and is heated by the fluidized bed reactor, and the concentration of CO ₂ generated in the cyclone is measured. It may be configured to further comprise the step of supplying a high concentration CO ₂ mixed with non-condensable gas to the fluidized bed reactor as a fluidized gas.

And the step (d) further comprises the step of further extracting the bio-oil by a method in which the pyrolysis gas that is not condensed into the bio-oil from the bio-oil condenser to collect dust and oil mist in the filter and electrostatic precipitator.

Therefore, according to the biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus and the method for producing biooil of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently burn 인 which is an obstacle of the biooil production process through the 촤 combustor, thereby suppressing the secondary reaction to improve the yield of bio oil. It can be effected.

In addition, according to the biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus and the method for producing biooil, (c) the heat generated during combustion can be used to heat the circulating fluidized medium to maintain a uniform temperature of the fluidized medium which is re-introduced into the fluidized bed reactor. This can increase the efficiency of the overall process by reducing the thermal energy used to reheat the fluid medium.

In addition, according to the biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus and biooil production method of the present invention, the circulating fluidized bed rapid pyrolysis process requires a large amount of flow gas, but by recycling the CO ₂ and non-condensing gas produced through the combustor The use of fresh gas can be significantly reduced, resulting in lower operating costs.

In addition, the particle size separation apparatus of the present invention, in the case of a catalyst and a fluid sand mixed fluid medium, when the mixed fluid medium is recycled from a 촤 combuster to a fluidized bed reactor, uses a particle mixing and segregation depending on the flow rate. There is an effect that can control the supply of liquid sand.

In addition, the filter of the present invention is applied to the bio-oil recovery unit has the effect of reducing the load of the recovery unit apparatus and to produce a high quality bio-oil.

Further, according to the rapid biomass pyrolysis bio-oil apparatus and method of the present invention, there is an effect that the CO ₂ emissions can hwahal negative by storing the liquefied CO ₂ via the CO ₂ separation unit.

In addition, by using a catalyst or a mixture of a catalyst and a standard yarn as a fluid medium, the rapid pyrolysis reaction efficiency can be increased, and high yield and high quality biooil can be produced.

1 is a main configuration of a bio oil production system according to an embodiment of the present invention,
2 is a diagram illustrating a correlation between a yield of biooil and a reaction temperature;
3 is a view showing a high calorific value of bio oil,
4 is a view illustrating a moisture content analysis result of bio oil,
5 is an optical micrograph for determining the homogeneity (homogeneity) of the biooil,
And
6 is a flowchart illustrating a biooil production method using the biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus of the present invention.

The terms or words used in this specification and claims are not to be construed as limiting in their usual or dictionary meanings, and the inventors may properly define the concept of terms in order to best explain their invention in the best way possible. It should be interpreted as meaning and concept corresponding to the technical idea of the present invention.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "include" a certain component, it means that it can further include other components, without excluding other components unless specifically stated otherwise. In addition, the terms “… unit”, “… unit”, “module”, “device”, and the like described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which is implemented by a combination of hardware and / or software. Can be.

The term "and / or" throughout the specification should be understood to include all combinations that can be presented from one or more related items. For example, the meaning of "first item, second item and / or third item" may be given from two or more of the first, second or third items as well as the first, second or third items. Any combination of the possible items.

For each step throughout the specification, an identification code (eg, a, b, c, ...) is used for convenience of description, and the identification code does not limit the order of the steps. Unless the context clearly dictates a particular order, it may occur differently from the stated order. That is, each step may occur in the same order as specified, may be performed substantially simultaneously, or may be performed in the reverse order.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 is a main configuration of a bio oil production system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, the present invention uses a fluidized bed reactor of optimum shape and a condenser using cooling water of 5 ° C. or less in order to increase the yield of gas produced by rapid pyrolysis, and increases the condensation yield of converting the gas into oil. 촤 Combustor capable of burning char) heats the circulating fluidized medium, and recycles the generated CO ₂ gas with non-condensable gas, greatly reducing heat energy consumption and fresh gas consumption. It is a feature of the present invention to provide a bio-oil production system and a bio-oil production method using the same.

To this end, the bio-oil production system of the present invention for condensing the gas produced by rapid pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil has a circular column shape, and has a gas dispersion plate at a lower portion thereof. A fluidized bed reactor 110 having a columnar shape, a biomass supply device 100 provided on one side of the fluidized bed reactor 110 to supply biomass through a supply pipe, and a gas supplied to a gas dispersion plate and an inside and outside of the fluidized bed reactor Bio-oil from a two-stage cyclone 120 for recovering Char contained in the pyrolysis gas by receiving a heater and a biomass pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis gas from which pyrolysis is removed from the two-stage cyclone 120. From the pyrolysis gas not condensed into bio oil from the biooil condenser 150 and the biooil condenser 150 for condensing Electrostatic precipitator 160, which collects the gin and oil mist and recovers them together with the bio-oil, oxycombined the char recovered from the two-stage cyclone 120 to supply the heated fluid medium to the fluidized bed reactor 110. Particle size separator 190 for supplying a fluid medium from the buster 130 and the fin combuster 130 to the fluidized bed reactor 110 and the fluidized bed reactor by adjusting the concentration of CO ₂ generated after combustion in the fin combuster 130 It is configured to include a CO ₂ concentration controller 140 to supply (110).

The present invention has the advantage that can be efficiently burned through the combustor 130, which is a disturbing factor of the biooil production process, can suppress the secondary reaction to improve the yield of bio oil, The heat can be used to heat the circulating fluid, keeping the temperature of the fluid flowing back into the reactor uniform, and reducing the heat energy used to reheat the fluid, increasing the efficiency of the entire process. The rapid fluidization process of the circulating fluidized bed requires a large amount of flow gas, but the use of fresh gas is recycled by recycling the non-condensing gas of the CO ₂ produced through the combustor 130 and the electrostatic precipitator 160. Significant savings have the advantage of lower operating costs.

Referring to Figure 1, the bio-oil production system of the present invention is a biomass feeder 100, fluidized bed reactor 110, two-stage cyclone 120, shock comb 130, CO ₂ concentration controller 140, bio It is configured to include an oil condenser 150 and an electrostatic precipitator 160 to suppress the secondary reaction in the reactor by burning the fuel which is the obstacle of the process for producing bio oil through the circulating fluidized bed rapid pyrolysis to suppress the bio oil It can be seen that it is configured to increase the yield.

In addition, it can be seen that by using the catalyst alone or a mixture of the catalyst + standard yarn to increase the rapid pyrolysis efficiency to produce a high yield, high quality bio-oil.

Further, between the present invention CO ₂ concentration control (140) to store separate parts CO ₂ in the CO ₂ separation unit 180 by liquefying CO ₂ from, and bio-oil condenser 150 and electric dust collector 160 A filter 170 may be further configured to remove dust in advance.

At this time, the position of the filter may be applied to an appropriate place of the biooil recovery unit (cyclone to electrostatic precipitator).

The biomass supply device 100 is configured to supply the biomass inside to the fluidized bed reactor 110 through a supply pipe, and the biomass supply device 100 is installed at one side of the fluidized bed reactor 110 to supply the fluidized bed reactor 110. Various forms and materials can be used to smoothly supply biomass inside.

The fluidized bed reactor 110 is a rapid column pyrolysis reactor in the form of a circular column for rapidly pyrolyzing biomass using a flow sand having a gas dispersion plate at the bottom in a circular column shape, and the biomass supplied to the biomass supply device 100 is Rapid pyrolysis is achieved through mixing with the fluidized medium.

Fluidized bed reactor 110 is a biomass is thermally decomposed gasification, a member for rapid thermal decomposition of the biomass using a fluid medium, by a heater not shown When the inside and the outside are heated to cause a rapid pyrolysis reaction in the fluidized bed reactor 110, and the biomass is rapidly pyrolyzed, a pyrolysis gas containing bio oil is generated from the biomass and supplied to the two-stage cyclone 120.

In addition, the fluidized-bed reactor 110 is supplied with the high concentration CO ₂ (G4) generated by the CO ₂ concentration controller 140 and the non-condensing pyrolysis gas that is not condensed in the electrostatic precipitator (160).

The two-stage cyclone 120 receives the pyrolysis gas of the biomass from the fluidized bed reactor 110 to recover the char contained in the pyrolysis gas.

In the present invention, multistage cyclones connected in series are used for efficient recovery of shock.

For example, the pyrolysis gas from which the char was recovered in the first stage cyclone 121 is inputted to the second stage cyclone 122 to recover the residual char.

Such a cyclone can be used for various types of centrifugal dust collector if it can recover the gas contained in the gas.

In addition, although the present invention has been described as using a two-stage cyclone, the present invention is not limited thereto and may be configured to use two or more cyclones.

For example, when two or more cyclones are connected and used, the first cyclone receives the pyrolysis gas of the biomass from a fluidized bed reactor, recovers the char contained in the pyrolysis gas, and supplies the pyrolysis gas to the shock absorber. It is repeatedly configured to recover the char contained in the pyrolysis gas of the biomass from which the primary char was recovered from and re-supply it to the steam combustor, and the cyclone at the end is used to convert the pyrolysis gas of the biomass from which the char is recovered to the biooil condenser. It may be configured to supply.

That is, two or more cyclones may be used for efficient recovery of shock.

The particle size separator 190 is recycled by mixing and separating solid particles according to the flow rate when the fluidized medium is mixed with the catalyst and the fluidized yarn mixed fluid medium to the fluidized bed reactor 110. It is configured to control the feed amount of the catalyst and the fluid.

In addition, it can be configured to increase the rapid pyrolysis reaction efficiency and recover high yield high quality biooil by using a catalyst alone or a mixture of catalyst + fluid as a fluid medium for rapid pyrolysis.

Bio-oil condenser 150 is configured to condense the bio-oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the 촤 is removed in the two-stage cyclone (120), it is installed a plurality of so as to effectively condense the bio-oil. In the present invention is configured to extract the condensed bio-oil through the three-stage condenser.

Such a biooil condenser can be configured in various processes as long as it can condense bio oil from pyrolysis gas.

The pyrolysis gas supplied from the biooil condenser 150 passes through a filter 170 before being supplied to the electrostatic precipitator 160, thereby removing dust in the gas entering the electrostatic precipitator 160 in advance. ) Can increase the life, and to increase the quality of the bio-oil produced in the electrostatic precipitator (160).

In the present invention, the filter 170 is located in front of the electrostatic precipitator 160 is illustrated to remove in advance the dust in the gas entering the electrostatic precipitator 160, but the present invention is not limited to this, the filter is bio oil recovery It can be configured to reduce the load of the bio oil recovery unit and produce high quality bio oil by installing it at the proper position of the cyclone to electrostatic precipitator.

The electrostatic precipitator 160 collects dust and oil mist from the pyrolysis gas from which some dust is removed while passing through the filter 170 and recovers the bio mist together with the bio oil.

That is, the electrostatic precipitator 160 extracts the biooil from the pyrolysis gas which is not condensed even in the multi-stage biooil condenser.

Electrostatic precipitator 160 may be manufactured in a configuration containing a variety of processes if the bio-oil can be recovered by collecting dust and oil mist.

The 촤 combuster 130 is operated to oxy-combust 촤 combustion O ₂ (G2) supplied from the 회수 recovered from the two-stage cyclone 120 to supply the heated fluid medium to the fluidized bed reactor 110.

That is, the fan combustor 130 operates as a pure oxygen combustion energy recovery device, oxy-burns the fuel recovered from the two-stage cyclone 120, supplies the heated fluid medium to the fluidized bed reactor 110, and burns 촤 Combuster 130 is configured to supply the generated CO ₂ (G3) to the CO ₂ concentration controller 140, and supply the CO ₂ adjusted in the CO ₂ concentration controller 140 with the fluidizing gas (G1) If the fuel recovered from the two-stage cyclone 120 can be burned to supply the heated fluid medium and the high concentration of CO ₂ to the fluidized bed reactor 110, it can be manufactured in various configurations.

Specifically, the high concentration CO ₂ generated through the 촤 combustor 130 is recycled to the fluidized bed reactor 110 by mixing with the non-condensing gas of the electrostatic precipitator 160, which is concentration-controlled through the CO ₂ concentration controller 140 and pyrolysis products. By adjusting the amount of CO _{2 it} is possible to control the flow zone of the fluidized bed reactor 110 by controlling the average molecular weight of the mixed fluidized gas (G1), which affects the gas-solid mixing and heat transfer and finally promotes the reaction You can.

The CO ₂ concentration controller 140 is a device for adjusting the high concentration CO ₂ generated from the 촤 combustor 130 to a target concentration, and if various devices can supply the high concentration CO ₂ to the fluidized bed reactor 110 according to the target concentration, Can be used.

CO ₂ separation unit 180 receives supply some CO ₂ (G5) from the CO ₂ concentration adjuster 140, the concept of the Carbon capture & storage, a device for liquefying store some CO ₂ minus the CO ₂ emissions through the device It can be made environmentally friendly process.

Biomass rapid pyrolysis is originally a carbon-neutral process, so emissions can be negative by storing CO ₂ .

The biooil production method using the biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a biooil production method using the biomass rapid pyrolysis apparatus of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, a method of manufacturing bio oil using a shock absorber and a circulating fluidized bed rapid pyrolysis apparatus is shown in FIG. The biomass is supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 110 from the biomass supply device 100 (S110), and (b) the biomass is rapidly pyrolyzed by mixing with the fluidized medium while the inside and the outside of the fluidized bed reactor 110 are heated. Step (S120), and (c) 제거 is removed from the pyrolysis gas generated in the rapid pyrolysis process by using the two-stage cyclone 120, the 회수 recovered from the two-stage cyclone (120) 버 combuster 130 The fluidized medium and the high concentration of CO ₂ heated in the fluidized bed reactor 110 through the CO ₂ concentration controller 140 Supplying with the fluidizing gas (S130), and (d) the pyrolysis gas from which the fin is removed is supplied to the biooil condenser 150 to extract the bio-oil through the condensation process (S140), and (e) After the pyrolysis gas which is not condensed into the bio-oil from the bio-oil condenser 150 is transferred to the electrostatic precipitator 140, the bio-oil is further extracted by collecting dust and oil mist (S150) and (f) It comprises a step (S160) of heating the non-condensing gas extracted from the electrostatic precipitator 140 and supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 110 together with the fluidized gas.

As described above, the present invention is characterized in that the bio-oil is manufactured by using the quenchbuster 130, which is an oxygen combustion energy recovery device, and the fluidized bed reactor 110, which is a circulating fluidized bed rapid pyrolysis device.

Step S110 is a step in which biomass is supplied from the biomass supply device 100 to the fluidized bed reactor 110, and the fluidized bed reactor 110 operating as a rapid pyrolysis reactor as a preparation step for producing a gas by thermal decomposition of the biomass. Biomass is supplied.

Step S120 represents a step in which gas is produced by rapidly pyrolyzing the biomass due to the fluidized medium while the inside and the outside of the fluidized bed reactor 110 are heated using the biomass supplied from the biomass supply device 100.

In step S130, the pyrolysis gas generated in the rapid pyrolysis process is supplied to the two-stage cyclone 120 to remove ,, and the 회수 recovered from the two-stage cyclone 120 is burned by the 촤 combuster 130 to heat the flow medium. and a circulating fluidized bed reactor (110), the concentration control of CO ₂ via the CO ₂ concentration regulator 140 Supplying to the fluidized bed reactor (110).

평균 Adjust the average molecular weight of the mixed fluidized gas by controlling the amount of CO ₂ mixed with the high concentration CO ₂ produced by the combustor 130 together with the fluidized gas with the non-condensed gas which is a pyrolysis product and recirculating to the fluidized bed reactor 110 The fluidized zone of the fluidized bed reactor 110 may be changed.

In addition, the gas concentration distribution in the fluidizing gas can be controlled through the CO ₂ concentration controller 140, and the rapid pyrolysis reaction may increase or decrease the efficiency of the reaction depending on the composition of the fluidizing gas, thereby adjusting the concentration distribution in the fluidizing gas. Finally pyrolysis reaction can be controlled.

In addition, by receiving some CO ₂ from the CO ₂ concentration controller 140, the CO ₂ separation unit 180 to liquefy and store some CO ₂ in the concept of carbon capture & storage.

As a result, step S130 is a step of removing the steam contained in the pyrolysis gas, and a plurality of centrifugal force dust collectors cyclone 120 may be installed according to circumstances.

In addition, step S130 is a step of supplying the fluidized medium and the high concentration of CO ₂ with the fluidized gas heated in the fluidized bed reactor (110) in shock converter (130).

Step S140 is a biooil extraction step, in which the pyrolysis gas from which steam is removed from the two-stage cyclone 120 is supplied to the biooil condenser 150 to extract bio oil through a condensation process. Extracting oil.

Step S150 is an additional extraction step of biooil, and in step S140, the bio-oil is collected by collecting pyrolysis gas which is not condensed from the biooil condenser 150 into the biooil to the electrostatic precipitator 160 and collecting dust and oil mist. It is an additional extraction step.

Of course, the pyrolysis gas, from which the dust is removed, is supplied to the electrostatic precipitator 160 while passing through the filter 170 before the pyrolysis gas that is not condensed into the bio-oil from the biooil condenser 150 to the electrostatic precipitator 160. It can be done.

By removing dust in the gas entering the electrostatic precipitator 160 in advance, the life of the electrostatic precipitator 160 can be increased, and the quality of the biooil produced by the electrostatic precipitator 160 can be improved.

Step S160 is a step of supplying a fluid bed reactor 110 with the pyrolysis gas, and a concentration adjustment with CO ₂ via the CO ₂ concentration regulator 140 that is not condensed in the electric dust collector 160 to the fluidizing gas material supply step the fluidizing gas to be.

In the present invention, each step is numbered for convenience of description, but this does not limit the order of each step, each step may occur differently than the stated order unless the context clearly describes a specific order. That is, each step may occur in the same order as specified, may be performed substantially simultaneously, or may be performed in the reverse order.

For example, before step S110, a step of supplying the fluidized medium and the high concentration CO ₂ together with the fluidizing gas to the fluidized bed reactor 110 may be preceded.

Example

In the present invention, larch sawdust was used as a sample using a circulating fluidized bed rapid pyrolysis reactor (fluidized bed reactor).

Larch sawdust is quantitatively injected into the riser via a two-stage screw feeder, and nitrogen gas heated by the heater is fed through a mesh-shaped dispersion plate at the bottom of the riser at a speed of the high-speed fluidized bed region with an air column speed of 3 m / s or more. .

The experiment was carried out by varying the reaction temperature in the temperature range of 400-500 ℃. Larch sawdust was thermally decomposed through the flow medium (standard yarn) and vigorous heat transfer in the ascending tube to be tar, char, and non-condensable gas. Decompose to

The tar in the rapid pyrolysis product was condensed / recovered in the form of biooil through the biooil condenser 150 and the electrostatic precipitator 160 installed at the rear stage of the reactor, and the solid phase char collected through the two-stage cyclone was Thermal energy generated by combustion in the char combustor 130 reheats the fluidized medium that is recycled to the fluidized bed reactor 110, and the generated CO ₂ is combined with the non-condensable gas through the CO ₂ concentration controller 140. 110) (see FIG. 1).

The yield of biooil is 35.9-49.9 wt. Recovered to%. 35.9 wt. Lowest at% and at about 44.0 wt. Similar yields were shown in%. Thereafter, at 550 ° C., 49.9 wt. The highest yield was shown in%. The yield of bio oil was calculated according to Equation 1 below (see FIG. 2).

Product yield (wt.%) = (Weight of each product) / (weight of input sample) × 100 (1)

As shown in FIG. 3, the high calorific value of biooil was 4,705.3 kcal / kg at 400 ° C. and decreased to 4,418.6 kcal / kg at 450 ° C. and gradually increased at 500 and 550 ° C., respectively, at 4,490.3 and 4,562.0 kcal. High calorific value of / kg.

4 shows the results of analyzing the water content of the biooil. In contrast to the high calorific value, it was the lowest as 11.6 wt.% At 400 ℃, and the water content was about 13.8 wt.% At 450-550 ℃, almost 0.1 wt.% Lower at 13.7 wt.% At 500 ℃. Moisture content was shown. In general, high calorific value is inversely proportional to water content, while bio-crude has a water content of 15-25 wt.%.

5 is an optical micrograph for determining the homogeneity (homogeneity) of the bio-oil (Tar). It can be seen that as the reaction temperature increases, the particles in the biooil increase. It is believed that as the reaction temperature increases, more biomass is decomposed, and particles having a smaller particle size are generated and introduced into the biooil condensation unit. The biooil produced using this biooil production system showed more than 98% homogeneity in all temperature ranges, but as can be seen visually in FIG. 5, at 550 ° C., a large amount of particles in biooil were mixed, so the homogeneity was lowest. Was 98.25%.

As described above, the present invention can efficiently burn 인, which is a blocker of the biooil production process, through the 촤 combustor, thereby improving the yield of bio oil by suppressing the secondary reaction, 열 heat generated during combustion. It can be used to heat the circulating fluidized medium to maintain the temperature of the fluidized medium re-introduced to the reactor uniformly and to reduce the heat energy used to reheat the fluided medium to increase the efficiency of the whole process. In addition, the circulating fluidized bed rapid pyrolysis process requires a large amount of flow gas, but it significantly reduces the use of fresh gas by recycling the CO ₂ and non-condensed gas produced through the combustor, thereby lowering the operating cost. There is an advantage that it can.

While the invention has been described in detail with respect to the embodiments described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations are possible within the spirit of the invention, and such modifications and variations belong to the appended claims.

100: biomass feeder 110: fluidized bed reactor (riser)
120: two-stage cyclone 130: shock combuster
140: CO ₂ gas concentration regulator 150: bio oil condenser
160: Electrostatic Precipitator 170: Filter
180: CO ₂ separation unit 190: particle size separation device
G1: fluidized gas
G2: O2 G3 char combustion: the resulting CO ₂ after combustion
G4: non-condensing gas G5: liquefied storage CO ₂

Claims (16)

A fluidized bed reactor having a circular columnar shape having a gas dispersion plate at a lower portion thereof and rapidly pyrolyzing biomass using a flow yarn;
A biomass feeder provided at one side of the fluidized bed reactor to supply biomass to the fluidized bed reactor;
A cyclone that receives the pyrolysis gas of biomass from the fluidized bed reactor and recovers water contained in the pyrolysis gas;
촤 combuster for oxy-burning 회수 recovered from the cyclone to supply a heated fluid medium to the fluidized bed reactor;
A particle size separation device capable of adjusting the ratio of the catalyst and the fluid sand to be recycled by mixing and separating the solid particles according to the flow rate when recirculating the fluid medium from the shock absorber to the fluidized bed reactor; And
A bio-oil condenser for producing bio-oil by condensing the bio-oil from pyrolysis gas from which pyrogen is removed from the cyclone;
Including,
The cyclone is
Two or more cyclones may be connected and used, wherein the first cyclone receives the pyrolysis gas of biomass from a fluidized bed reactor, recovers the char contained in the pyrolysis gas, and supplies the pyrolysis gas to the thermocombuster, and from the second cyclone, the first cyclone is first It is repeatedly configured to recover the char contained in the pyrolysis gas of the biomass recovered biomass and re-supply it to the thermocombuster, and the cyclone at the end is a bio which supplies the pyrolysis gas of the biomass recovered biomass to the biooil condenser. Mass Rapid Pyrolysis Device. delete delete The method of claim 1,
The shock combster
Solid char collected through the cyclone is oxygenated by externally supplied O ₂ , and the thermal energy generated is reheated to the fluidized medium recycled to the fluidized bed reactor, and the generated CO ₂ is CO ₂ concentration. Biomass rapid pyrolysis device supplied to the controller.
The method of claim 4, wherein
A CO ₂ concentration controller for supplying the high concentration CO ₂ generated from the shock absorber to the fluidized bed reactor with a target concentration;
Biomass rapid pyrolysis device further comprising.
The method of claim 5,
A CO ₂ separation unit for liquefying and storing part of CO ₂ in the CO ₂ concentration controller to negatively reduce CO ₂ emissions of a rapid pyrolysis process with carbon capture &storage;
Biomass rapid pyrolysis device further comprising.
The method of claim 1,
An electrostatic precipitator for collecting pyrolysis gas and oil mist dust which are not condensed into the bio oil from the biooil condenser;
Biomass rapid pyrolysis device further comprising.
The method of claim 7, wherein
The electrostatic precipitator
Biomass rapid pyrolysis device for supplying a non-condensed pyrolysis gas to the fluidized bed reactor along with the fluidized gas.
The method of claim 7, wherein
A filter for removing dust from pyrolysis gas which does not condense into bio oil from the biooil condenser;
Biomass rapid pyrolysis device further comprising.
The method of claim 9,
The filter is
Biomass rapid pyrolysis device configured at any one of the rear end of the cyclone, the rear end of the biooil condenser, the rear end of the electrostatic precipitator.
delete The method of claim 1,
The rapid pyrolysis fluid medium supplied from the shock absorber to the fluidized bed reactor is a catalyst alone or a mixture of a catalyst and a fluid yarn.
In the bio-oil manufacturing method of making bio-oil by condensing the gas produced by rapid thermal decomposition of the biomass,
(a) feeding biomass from the biomass feeder to a fluidized bed reactor;
(b) rapidly pyrolyzing the biomass due to the fluidized medium while the inside and the outside of the fluidized bed reactor are heated;
(c) removing the char using a cyclone from the pyrolysis gas generated in the rapid pyrolysis process;
(d) receiving the pyrolysis gas from which 촤 has been removed in step (c) to condense the bio-oil in the bio-oil condenser to produce bio-oil; and
Resupplying the non-condensing pyrolysis gas from which the biooil is extracted from the electrostatic precipitator together with the fluidizing gas to the fluidized bed reactor;
More,
Step (c) is
Two or more cyclones are connected and used, wherein the first cyclone receives the pyrolysis gas of the biomass from the fluidized bed reactor, recovers the chars contained in the pyrolysis gas, and supplies them to the thermocombuster. It is repeatedly configured to recover the char contained in the pyrolysis gas of the biomass recovered biomass and resupply it to the thermocombuster, and the cyclone at the end supplies the pyrolysis gas of the biomass recovered biomass to a biooil condenser,
회수 recovered from the cyclones circulates the fluidized medium that is burned in the 촤 combuster and heated by the fluidized bed reactor, and the concentration of CO ₂ generated in the 촤 combuster Adjusting and mixing with a fluidized gas with a non-condensing gas to supply to the fluidized bed reactor biomass production method using a biomass rapid pyrolysis device.
delete The method of claim 13,
Step (d)
Further extracting the bio-oil by a method of collecting dust and oil mist in the electrostatic precipitator, wherein the pyrolysis gas which is not condensed into the bio-oil from the bio-oil condenser is collected;
Bio-oil production method using a biomass rapid pyrolysis device further comprising.
delete

Images