KR101997443B1 - Air conditioner and method for controlling the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a control method for an air conditioner and an air conditioner, and more particularly, to a control method for an air conditioner and an air conditioner, including a memory for storing predetermined PID parameter data, a PID controller for generating a control signal of the air conditioner using PID parameters, And calculates a PID parameter for discharging the cooling / heating temperature set value based on the compensation value, and transmits the calculated PID parameter to the PID control unit And a PID calculation unit.
The present invention can automatically calculate a PID parameter for air conditioning at a user's intended cooling / heating temperature under various installation environment conditions without the work of an expert.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an air conditioner and an air conditioner,

The present invention relates to a control method of an air conditioner and an air conditioner, and more particularly, to a control method of an air conditioner and an air conditioner which are automatically controlled to air- ≪ / RTI >

The air conditioner is a device for cooling / heating the room or purifying the air to create a more comfortable indoor environment for the user.

Such an air conditioner can be divided into a separate type air conditioner in which the indoor unit and the outdoor unit are separated from each other, and an integrated type air conditioner in which the indoor unit and the outdoor unit are combined into one unit. In addition, a single type air conditioner configured to be used in a narrow place with a capacity capable of driving one indoor unit according to the capacity of the air conditioner, a large-sized air conditioner configured with a very large capacity for use in a company or a restaurant, And a multi-air conditioner configured to sufficiently drive an indoor unit.

Here, the separate type air conditioner is composed of an indoor unit installed in the indoor space to supply warm air or cold air to the inside of the air conditioning space, and an outdoor unit that compresses and expands the refrigerant so that a sufficient heat exchange operation can be performed in the indoor unit.

Such an air conditioner has a cycle in which the refrigerant circulating inside circulates heat in the order of compression, condensation, expansion and evaporation. According to the cycle, the air conditioner operates as a cooling cycle for discharging the heat in the room to the outside during the summer, and as a heating cycle for heating the heat pump to circulate heat to the room in the opposite direction to the cooling cycle during the winter season.

The air conditioner calculates the control value of the air conditioner component by using the feedback control to air-condition the air-conditioning temperature set by the user. The feedback control is a control method in which the control value of the air conditioner corresponding to the set cooling / heating temperature is detected while reducing the error between the target value and the output value by repeatedly performing the experiment repeatedly.

PID control (Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control) is a type of feedback control that calculates the control value using the error between the target value and the output value, the integral of the error, and the derivative of the error. The PID parameters, which are multiplied by the error, the integral of the error, and the derivative of the error, respectively, are generally expressed as Kp, Ki, Kd, and are referred to as a gain value or a gain.

In the conventional case, the PID parameters are tabulated and applied to the same air conditioner model through experiments. At this time, since disturbance may occur depending on the installation environment conditions of the air conditioner, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the PID parameters of the table. Therefore, when the air conditioner is installed, the air conditioner is commissioned by a specialist setting the PID parameter in a numerical value range wider than the PID parameter of the table in consideration of the installation environment.

However, this work requires considerable number of variables to be taken into consideration, and it takes considerable time for the expert to find the PID parameter corresponding to the target value. In addition, the user has to call an expert every time when changing the installation place of the air conditioner.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioner and an air conditioner that automatically calculates a PID parameter corresponding to a predetermined cooling / heating temperature according to various installation environment conditions, And to provide a control method.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner comprising: a memory for storing predetermined PID parameter data corresponding to a cooling / heating temperature; a PID controller for generating a control signal of the air conditioner using the PID parameter; A compensation value calculation unit for calculating a compensation value through an error between an air-conditioning temperature set value set by the user and an output value measured by operating the predetermined PID parameter value corresponding to the set air-conditioning temperature set value, And the PID controller calculates a PID parameter to be transmitted to the PID controller, and the PID controller repeats the operation of the air conditioner by changing the PID parameter based on the calculated compensation value, A PID parameter having a maximum value is received from the PID calculation unit, Characterized in that control.

In the present invention, the compensation value has a larger value as the error between the cooling / heating temperature set value and the output value is smaller.

The present invention is characterized in that the PID controller repeats the operation of the air conditioner at predetermined time intervals and accumulates the compensation values in each time period.

The present invention is characterized in that the PID controller controls the air conditioner in the PID parameter range having the compensation value equal to or greater than a predetermined value.

The present invention is characterized in that the PID controller repeats the operation of the air conditioner when the power of the air conditioner is turned on to automatically select a PID parameter having a maximum compensation value to control the air conditioner.

The present invention is characterized in that the compensation value calculating unit calculates the compensation value in consideration of the error between the set temperature and the output value and the rate of error change.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the output value is a temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner or an air temperature of the room air.

The control method of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of operating an air conditioner with a preset PID parameter value corresponding to a cooling / heating temperature setting value, operating the air conditioner with the predetermined PID parameter value corresponding to the cooling / Calculating a compensation value based on an error between the measured output value and the cooling / heating temperature setting value, accumulating the compensation value by repeating the operation of the air conditioner while changing the PID parameter value based on the compensation value, And selecting a PID parameter having a maximum value among the compensation values as a PID parameter corresponding to the cooling / heating temperature set value.

The step of accumulating the compensation value of the present invention is characterized in that the operation of the air conditioner is repeated at predetermined time intervals and the compensation value is accumulated for each time period.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the operation of the air conditioner is repeated at the time of power application of the air conditioner, and the PID parameter having the maximum compensation value is automatically selected to control the air conditioner.

Further, the calculating of the compensation value of the present invention is characterized by calculating the compensation value in consideration of the error between the cooling / heating temperature set value and the output value and the rate of error change.

According to the present invention, the PID parameters corresponding to the installation environment conditions are automatically calculated by accumulating the compensation values using the measured output value and the cooling / heating temperature set value while repeating the operation of the air conditioner and selecting the PID parameter having the maximum compensation value can do.

In addition, according to the present invention, the PID controller repeats the operation at a predetermined time interval of the air conditioner and accumulates the compensation values in each time period, so that the PID parameters can be calculated more accurately by reflecting the external variables that vary from time to time.

1 is a configuration diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram illustrating a PID controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of an air conditioner according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a method of controlling an air conditioner and an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

In addition, the same or corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals regardless of the reference numerals, and redundant description thereof will be omitted. For convenience of explanation, the size and shape of each constituent member shown may be exaggerated or reduced have.

1 is a configuration diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The air conditioner of the present invention includes an outdoor unit 110a, an indoor unit 110b, and a control unit 200 (see FIG. 2) for controlling the same.

The outdoor unit 110a includes a compressor 120 for compressing a refrigerant and an outdoor heat exchanger 130 for exchanging heat with outdoor air. The outdoor unit 110a includes an expansion valve 140 for expanding the heat-exchanged refrigerant and an outdoor fan 150 for regulating air flow inside the outdoor unit 110a. The outdoor unit 110a includes a four-way valve 160 for switching the refrigerant passage and an accumulator 170 for preventing the liquid refrigerant from flowing into the compressor 120. [

The indoor unit 110b includes an indoor heat exchanger 180 for exchanging heat with indoor air, and an indoor fan 190 for regulating air flow inside the indoor unit 110b.

However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be applied to a multi-type air conditioner having a plurality of indoor units 110b and an outdoor unit 110a, a GHP air conditioner using a gas engine, and a water-cooled air conditioner using water.

The control unit 200 controls the overall configuration of the outdoor unit 110a and the indoor unit 110b. The control unit 200 transmits control signals related to the refrigerant compression degree of the compressor 120 of the outdoor unit 110a, the opening degree of the expansion valve 140 or the number of rotations of the outdoor fan 150 and the indoor fan 190 The air conditioner is cooled and operated.

The control unit 200 controls the air conditioner by the PID control method to adjust the output value so as to reach the target cooling / heating temperature value. The PID control calculates the control signal by substituting the PID parameter into the following equation (1). The control unit 200 transmits a control signal corresponding to the calculated manipulated variable to the components of the outdoor unit 110a or the indoor unit 110b.

Where K is the proportional gain, Ki is the integral gain, Kd is the differential gain, and e is the error between the air-conditioning temperature setting value and the output value.

The present invention stores preset PID parameter data of each of Kp, Ki, and Kd corresponding to a target cooling / heating temperature value for each air conditioner model. The predetermined PID parameter data is a value calculated in advance through repetition of experiments. Therefore, when the air conditioner is installed, the control signal can be calculated on the basis of the preset PID parameter to perform the air conditioning operation of the air conditioner.

At this time, since the installation environment of the air conditioner affects the control factors of the air conditioner, the preset PID parameters can not be applied as they are, and it is necessary to adjust them. Particularly, there is a great need in the case where disturbance is likely to occur, such as polar regions having a very low temperature at low temperatures or tropical regions with high temperature and high humidity.

2 is a block diagram illustrating a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the configuration of the control unit for calculating the PID parameter corresponding to the cooling / heating temperature will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

The controller 200 includes a memory 210 for storing predetermined PID parameter data, a PID controller 220 for generating a control signal of the air conditioner configuring apparatus, And a PID calculation unit 240 for calculating a corrected PID parameter in which the compensation value is stored.

First, the PID controller 220 is connected to the memory 210, the compensation value calculator 230, the PID calculator 240, the indoor unit 110b, and the outdoor unit 110a to play a central role in PID control. The PID control unit 220 calculates a manipulated variable of each constituent device of the air conditioner by substituting the PID parameter in Equation (1), thereby performing PID control such that the cooling / heating temperature approaches the target value.

Next, the compensation value operation unit 230 operates the air conditioner with a predetermined PID parameter value and calculates a compensation value through an error between the measured output value and the cooling / heating temperature setting value.

Here, the output value is a value directly or indirectly representing the cooling / heating temperature, and may be a temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 130 measured through a temperature sensor (not shown) or an indoor air temperature exchanged with the indoor heat exchanger 180 have.

The compensation value is a value indicating a difference between the cooling / heating temperature set value and the measured value, and based on this, determines whether the currently applied PID parameter is appropriate. The compensation value is larger as the error between the set air-conditioning temperature and the output value is smaller. That is, the larger the compensation value, the more appropriate the PID parameter is.

Next, the compensation value calculation unit 230 calculates a compensation value in consideration of the error between the set value of the cooling / heating temperature and the output value and the rate of error change. Accordingly, it is possible to know whether or not the PID parameter currently applied through the compensation value is appropriate, and whether the PID parameter applied over time compensates the influence due to the disturbance.

Next, the PID calculator 240 stores the compensation value, calculates an optimal PID parameter for discharging the air-conditioning temperature set value, and transmits the optimum PID parameter to the PID controller 220. [ The compensation values calculated by operating the air conditioner with different PID parameters are stored in the PID calculation unit 240 each time, and compensation value data tables for the PID parameters can be arranged. The details of the calculation of the optimum PID parameter of the PID calculation unit 240 will be described later.

Hereinafter, the functions of the control unit 200 for calculating the PID parameters corresponding to the cooling and heating temperatures will be described below.

When the first air conditioner is installed, the PID controller 220 of the present invention loads the memory 210 and operates the air conditioner with a predetermined PID parameter value corresponding to the air conditioning temperature set value set by the user. That is, the PID controller 220 performs a trial operation to determine whether or not the PID parameter set beforehand can be applied as it is before the cooling / heating operation.

When the air conditioner is operated with the preset PID parameter value and an output value is measured by a temperature sensor (not shown) or the like, the compensation value calculation unit 230 calculates a compensation value through an error between the set temperature value and the measurement value.

The PID controller 220 repeats the operation of the air conditioner while changing the PID parameter based on the calculated compensation value. As the compensation value is smaller, it indicates that the PID parameter used in the trial operation of the air conditioner is not appropriate, so the PID controller 220 increases the variation width and corrects the PID parameter value. The larger the compensation value, the more appropriate the PID parameter is, so the PID parameter value is modified so that the change width is smaller.

At this time, the PID controller 220 may repeat the operation of the air conditioner at predetermined time intervals to accumulate the compensation values in the time zones. Disturbance characteristics affect the operation of the air conditioner at different times in different seasons, such as the desert, where the daytime temperature characteristics are different or the daily drift is large. The present invention can calculate the PID parameter by considering the disturbance varying from time to time by calculating the compensation value for the PID parameter by time slot.

In addition, the PID controller 220 repeatedly operates the air conditioner for a predetermined number of times to calculate the PID parameter. Here, the preset number of times of operation is large as the disturbance effect is complicated.

Meanwhile, the PID calculator 240 transmits the PID parameter having the maximum value among the accumulated compensation values to the PID controller 220 through the repeated operation of the air conditioner. This is because the PID parameter having the maximum compensation value means that the PID parameter is closest to the set value of the cooling / heating temperature as a result of considering the error and error rate.

Alternatively, the PID calculator 240 may transmit the numerical range of the PID parameter having the compensation value equal to or greater than a preset constant value to the PID controller 220. FIG. In the case where the influence due to the disturbance is variable or complicated, it is possible to flexibly deal with disturbance by controlling it within a specific PID parameter numerical value range.

As described above, the PID controller 220 of the present invention can control the air conditioner with the PID parameter received from the PID calculator 240, so that air can be air conditioned at the user's intended temperature without the help of a specialist.

On the other hand, the present invention can be programmed so that the PID controller 220 automatically selects the PID parameter having the maximum compensation value by repeating the operation of the air conditioner when the air conditioner is powered on. Therefore, the PID parameters are automatically calculated without any operation, and the usability of the user can be increased.

Alternatively, when a separate test operation mode is provided and the user selects the test operation mode, the controller 200 can perform the above-described processes integrally to find the optimal PID parameter.

As shown in FIG. 3, the present invention can confirm the PID parameters including the display unit 300 by a user or a manager. The display number 300 can display information such as a cooling / heating temperature set value, a measured value, a PID parameter, and an installation environment.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the control method of the air conditioner will be described in order with reference to the drawings. I will omit or duplicate the previous sections.

First, the air conditioner is operated with the predetermined PID parameter value corresponding to the cooling / heating temperature setting value. (S1) The predetermined PID parameter data is a value calculated in advance through experiment repetition for each model of the air conditioner.

Next, a compensation value is calculated through an error between the measured output value and the cooling / heating temperature set value, which is operated by a preset PID parameter value corresponding to the cooling / heating temperature set value (S2)

Here, the compensation value is a value indicating the difference between the cooling / heating temperature set value and the measured value, and based on this, it is determined whether the currently applied PID parameter is appropriate. The compensation value is larger as the error between the set air-conditioning temperature and the output value is smaller. That is, the larger the compensation value, the more appropriate the PID parameter is.

In calculating the compensation value, it is possible to know whether or not the PID parameter compensates for the influence of the disturbance over time by considering the error rate as well as the error between the set value and the output value of the cooling / heating temperature.

Meanwhile, it may include a step of comparing the number of times of operation of the air conditioner with the predetermined number of times of operation after the calculation of the compensation value. (S3A) This is to avoid continuous repetitive operation of the air conditioner. As the influence of the disturbance becomes more complicated, the preset number of operation can be made to have a large value.

Next, the compensation value is accumulated by repeating the operation of the air conditioner while changing the PID parameter value based on the calculated compensation value (S3B to S3C)

The smaller the compensation value is, the larger the variation range of the PID parameter is, since it indicates that the PID parameter used in the trial operation of the air conditioner is not suitable. Therefore, the larger the compensation value is, the smaller the variation range is.

At this time, the operation of the air conditioner can be repeated at predetermined time intervals, and the compensation value can be accumulated in each time period. Thus, the compensation value of the PID parameter can be calculated in consideration of the disturbance varying from time to time.

Next, the PID parameter having the maximum value among the accumulated compensation values is selected as the PID parameter corresponding to the cooling / heating temperature setting value. (S4) The PID parameter having the maximum compensation value is set as the cooling / As shown in FIG.

Alternatively, the PID parameter corresponding to the cooling / heating temperature set value can be selected as the numerical range of the PID parameter having the compensation value equal to or greater than a preset constant value. If the effect of disturbance is variable or complex, it is possible to flexibly respond to disturbances by controlling in a specific PID parameter numerical range rather than a single value.

Accordingly, the present invention can find the PID parameters so that the air can be conditioned at the user's intended cooling and heating temperature without the help of an expert.

5 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of an air conditioner according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Another embodiment of the present invention may include a step (S2B) of comparing the compensation value with a predetermined maximum value after the step (S2A) of calculating the compensation value.

At this time, if the compensation value is larger than the predetermined maximum value, the PID parameter corresponding to the compensation value is selected without controlling the operation of the air conditioner, and the air conditioner is controlled. Accordingly, it is possible to simplify the control process of finding an optimal PID parameter.

When the compensation value is larger than the predetermined maximum value, the operation of the air conditioner is repeated by changing the PID parameters as described above. The operation of the air conditioner is repeated until a PID parameter having a compensation value larger than a predetermined maximum value is obtained. The compensation value is accumulated in the PID calculation unit 240 continuously.

However, if the number of times of repeated operation of the air conditioner is larger than the preset number of operations, the operation of the air conditioner is not repeated, and the PID parameter is selected as the maximum compensation value among the accumulated compensation values to control the air conditioner.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention, And additions should be considered as falling within the scope of the following claims.

110a: outdoor unit 110b: indoor unit
210: memory 220: PID controller
230: compensation value calculation unit 240: PID calculation unit

Claims (11)

A memory for storing predetermined PID parameter data corresponding to the cooling / heating temperature;
A PID controller for generating a control signal of the air conditioner using the PID parameter;
A compensation value calculation unit for calculating a compensation value through an error between an air-conditioning temperature set value set by the user and an output value measured by operating the predetermined PID parameter value corresponding to the cooling / heating temperature set value;
A PID calculation unit for storing the compensation value and calculating a PID parameter for discharging the air conditioning temperature set value and delivering the PID parameter to the PID control unit;
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The PID controller changes the PID parameter based on the calculated compensation value, repeats the operation of the air conditioner by a predetermined number of times, repeats the operation of the air conditioner at predetermined time intervals, and accumulates the compensation value in each time period A PID parameter having a maximum value among the accumulated compensation values or having a compensation value equal to or greater than a preset constant value, from the PID calculation unit and controlling the air conditioner,
The PID controller repeats the operation of the air conditioner when the air conditioner is powered on, and automatically controls the air conditioner by selecting a PID parameter having a maximum compensation value or a compensation value of a preset constant value or more . The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the compensation value is larger as the error between the cooling / heating temperature set value and the output value is smaller. delete delete delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the compensation value calculation unit calculates the compensation value in consideration of an error between the cooling / heating temperature set value and the output value and a rate of error change. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the output value is the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner or the air temperature of the room air. Operating the air conditioner with a predetermined PID parameter value corresponding to the cooling / heating temperature set value;
Calculating a compensation value based on an error between an output value measured by operating the predetermined PID parameter value corresponding to the cooling / heating temperature setting value and the cooling / heating temperature setting value;
The operation of the air conditioner is repeated a predetermined number of times while changing the PID parameter value based on the compensation value, and the operation of the air conditioner is repeated at predetermined time intervals to accumulate the compensation value in each time period, step; And
And selecting a PID parameter having a maximum value among the accumulated compensation values or having a compensation value equal to or greater than a preset constant value, as a PID parameter corresponding to a cooling / heating temperature setting value,
Wherein the air conditioner is controlled by repeating the operation of the air conditioner when the power of the air conditioner is turned on to automatically select a PID parameter having a maximum compensation value or a compensation value of a preset constant value or more, Control method. delete delete 9. The method of claim 8,
The step of calculating the compensation value includes:
Wherein the compensation value is calculated in consideration of an error between the cooling / heating temperature set value and the output value and a rate of error change.

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