KR101991231B1 - Solid state battery with offset geometry - Google Patents

Abstract

In one embodiment, the solid state battery comprises a first cell stack comprising a first solid-electrolyte separator positioned between a first cathode and a first anode, a first base located directly below the first anode, A first base layer comprising a first side extension extending laterally beyond the first anode, a second base layer below the first base layer and comprising a second solid-electrolyte separator positioned between the second cathode and the second anode, Stack, a second base layer comprising a second base extending downwardly beyond the second anode and comprising a second base extension located below the second anode, the second base extending beyond the first side extension and laterally (Ii) electrically connecting the first base extension to the second base extension via the second side extension; and (ii) electrically connecting the second base extension to the second base extension via the second side extension. And a, the multiplexer connecting.

Description

SOLID STATE BATTERY WITH OFFSET < RTI ID = 0.0 > GEOMETRY < / RTI >

Cross-reference

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 870,269 filed on August 27, 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

This disclosure relates to batteries and particularly solid state batteries.

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are attractive energy storage systems for portable electronics and electric and hybrid-electric vehicles due to their high specific energy compared to other electrochemical energy storage devices. A typical Li-ion cell includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator region between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The two electrodes include active materials that insert lithium or react reversibly with lithium. In some cases, the cathode may comprise a lithium metal that can be electrochemically dissolved and reversibly deposited. The separator comprises an electrolyte having lithium cations and serves as a physical barrier between the electrodes so that none of the electrodes are electronically connected within the cell.

Generally, during charging, there is the generation of electrons at the anode, and the consumption of an equal amount of electrons at the cathode, and these electrons are transported through external circuitry. In ideal charging of cells, these electrons are produced at the anode because of the presence of extraction through oxidation of lithium ions from the active material of the anode, and because there is a reduction of lithium ions to the cathode active material, electrons are consumed at the cathode do. During the discharge, exact opposite reactions occur.

Batteries with lithium metal cathodes provide particularly high specific energy (Wh / kg) and energy density (Wh / L) compared to batteries with conventional carbon-based cathodes. However, the cycle life of such systems is rather: (a) significant volume changes in the cell sandwich during all periods when the Li metal is stripped and plated; (b) through the separator, shorting the cell and / And formation of dendrites during recharging, which can lead to loss of capacity; (c) morphological changes in the metal over an extended period resulting in a large overall volume change in the cell; And (d) by altering the structure and composition of the passivating layer formed on the surface of the metal when it is exposed to certain electrolytes which can insulate some metals and / or increase the resistance of the cell over time Is limited.

When high non-capacity cathodes, such as metals, are used in batteries, the greatest benefit of capacity increase for conventional systems is realized when high capacity positive electrode active materials are also used. For example, conventional lithium-intercalation oxides (e.g., LiCoO ₂ , LiNi _{0 .8} Co _{0 .15} Al _{0 .05} O ₂ , Li _1.1 Ni _0.3 Co _0.3 Mn _0.3 O ₂ ) The theoretical capacity of the mAh / g (based on the mass of lithium oxide) and the specific capacity of the lithium metal are limited to an actual capacity of 180 to 250 mAh / g, which is very low compared to 3863 mAh / g. The highest theoretical capacity achieved for some of the actual cycles for the lithium ion anode is 1168 mAh / g (based on mass of lithiated material), which is shared by Li ₂ S and Li ₂ O ₂ . Other high capacity materials include BiF ₃ (303 mAh / g, _{Li-freight), FeF 3 (712 mAh /} g, _{Li-freight), LiOH · H 2 O (} 639 mAh / g), and others. Unfortunately, all these materials react with lithium at lower voltages compared to conventional oxide anodes, thus limiting the theoretical specific energy; However, the theoretical specific energies are still very high (> 800 Wh / kg, versus a maximum of ~ 500 Wh / kg for cells with lithium anode and conventional oxide anodes).

Figure 1 shows a chart (2) showing the achievable operating range versus the weight of the battery pack for a vehicle using battery packs of different specific energies. In chart 10, the specific energies are for the entire cell, including cell packaging weight, assuming a 50% weight increase to form a battery pack from a particular set of cells. The US Department of Energy has established a weight limit of 200 kg for battery packs located in the vehicle. Therefore, only a battery pack having a capacity of about 600 Wh / kg or more can achieve a mileage of 300 miles.

Lithium-based batteries have fairly high specific energy (Wh / kg) and energy density (Wh / L), and they are now used in electric powered vehicles. However, there is a need for a battery (an insertion system having a graphite anode and a transition metal oxide cathode) having a specific energy greater than that of the prior art, in order to power a complete electric vehicle having a range of operations of several hundred miles.

Several options are available that provide higher specific energy compared to currently used batteries. For example, Figure 2 shows a chart (4) that identifies the specific energy and energy density of the various lithium-based chemicals. In chart 4 only the weight of active materials, power collectors, binders, separators, and other inert materials of the battery cells are included. Packaging weights, such as taps, cell cans, etc., are not included. As can be seen from the chart (4), the lithium metal cathode for reducing sulfur to form lithium sulfide and the lithium-sulfur battery using the anode have considerably higher specific energy than the prior art.

There are significant challenges that must be addressed for the lithium-sulfur system to become commercially viable. Important challenges include increasing cycle lifetime (prior art is 100 to several hundred cycles; target is> 500, preferably> 2000), increasing the utilization of sulfur (electronically isolated Li ₂ S or Li ₂ common use by the passivation of the anode by S ₂ is 75% or less), one (generally the mass fraction of increasing the sulfur mass fraction in the anode is 50% or less), and to increase the rate performance of the cell (The target discharge rate is 1C or more). Some of the Li / S cells described in the literature meet some of the goals for cycle life, non-energy, and non-power, while none of these cells adequately deal with all of the problems that may be required to realize a commercial cell Do not.

Thus, there is a need for a solid state electrochemical cell that processes one or more of the identified problems.

According to one embodiment, a solid state battery comprises a first cell stack comprising a first solid electrolyte separator positioned between a first cathode and a first anode, a first base located directly below the first anode, A first base layer comprising a first side extension extending laterally beyond the first anode, a second cell stack below a first base layer comprising a second solid-electrolyte separator positioned between the second cathode and the second anode, A second base layer comprising a second base portion located beneath the second anode and including a second side extension extending laterally beyond the second anode, the second base portion extending laterally beyond the first side extension portion The second base layer, and the multiplexer, wherein: (i) the first base extension is electrically connected to the first base through the first side extension; (ii) Which is connected to the term, and includes the multiplexer.

In one or more embodiments, a battery includes a first insulator located above a first base and extending along a first side of the first anode, a second side of the first cathode, and a third side of the first separator, 2 base, and a second insulator extending along the fourth side of the second anode, the fifth side of the second cathode, and the sixth side of the second separator.

In one or more embodiments, the battery includes a first conductive member extending upwardly from the first side extension and a second conductive member extending upwardly from the second side extension, wherein the multiplexer includes a first side extension And the first insulator is electrically connected to the first base through the first conductive member and the multiplexer is electrically connected to the second base through the second side extension and the second conductive member, Conductive member.

In one or more embodiments, the first conductive member is a portion extending upwardly of the first base layer and the second conductive member is a portion extending upwardly of the second base layer.

In at least one embodiment, the first conductive member is a first multiplexer lead and the second conductive member is a second multiplexer lead.

In one or more embodiments, the first cell stack has a first maximum thickness, the second cell stack has a second maximum thickness, and the first maximum thickness is greater than the second maximum thickness.

In at least one embodiment, the first side, the second side, and the third side are perpendicular to the top surface of the first base.

In one or more embodiments, the first side, the second side, and the third side are not perpendicular to the top surface of the first base.

In one or more embodiments, the first cell stack is connected in series with the second cell stack.

In one embodiment, a method of forming a solid state battery includes providing a first cell stack comprising a first solid-electrolyte separator positioned between a first cathode and a first anode, Positioning a first base of the first base layer, the first base layer including a first side extension extending laterally beyond the first anode, positioning the first base of the first base layer, Providing a second cell stack comprising a second solid-electrolyte separator positioned between the first anode and the second anode, positioning a second base of the second base layer directly below the second anode, 2 positioning a second base portion of the second base layer, the second base portion extending laterally beyond the first side extension, including a second side extension extending beyond the anode, Disposing a first base portion to be a first side extending the first side extending portion and electrically connected to the multiplexer located above the through portion; And disposing the second base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer through the second side extension.

In one or more embodiments, a method of forming a solid state battery includes the steps of: forming a first solid electrolyte layer on a first base and along a first side of a first anode, a second side of a first cathode, Placing the second insulator along the second base and along the fourth side of the second anode, the fifth side of the second cathode, and the sixth side of the second separator.

In one or more embodiments, disposing the first base portion in electrical connection with the multiplexer includes placing the first side extension in electrical communication with the multiplexer through a first conductive member extending between the first side extension and the multiplexer And disposing the second base in electrical communication with the multiplexer includes disposing the second base in electrical communication with the multiplexer through a second conductive member extending between the second side extension and the multiplexer, The step of locating the two insulators includes locating a second insulator between the first and second conductive members.

In one or more embodiments, disposing the first base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer includes disposing the first base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer through a portion extending upwardly of the first base layer, The step of disposing the two base portions electrically connected to the multiplexer includes disposing the second base portion in electrical connection with the multiplexer through a portion extending upward of the second base layer.

In one or more embodiments, the step of providing a first cell stack includes providing a first maximum thickness to a first cell stack, wherein providing a first cell stack includes providing a first cell stack with a first Providing a maximum thickness, wherein the first maximum thickness is greater than the second maximum thickness.

In one or more embodiments, positioning the first insulator includes positioning the first insulator along portions of the first side, the second side, and the third side perpendicular to the top surface of the first base portion .

In one or more embodiments, positioning the first insulator includes positioning the first insulator along portions of the first side, second side, and third side that are not perpendicular to the top side of the first base portion do

In one or more embodiments, a method of forming a solid state battery includes connecting a second cell stack and a first cell stack in series with a multiplexer.

In one or more embodiments, disposing the first base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer includes placing the first base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer through a first multiplexer lead extending between the first side extension and the multiplexer Wherein placing the second base in electrical communication with the multiplexer comprises placing the second base in electrical communication with the multiplexer through a second multiplexer lead extending between the second side extension and the multiplexer .

The present invention provides an improved solid state battery and a method of forming a solid state battery.

1 is a graph illustrating the relationship between battery weight and vehicle operating range for various specific energies;
Figure 2 shows a chart of specific energy and energy density of various lithium-based cells.
Figure 3 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a stacked battery with a bipolar design including offset base layers in a stepped configuration.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of one of the cells of Figure 3 showing a separator with an open cell microstructured compound separator with solid-electrolyte components in the form of rows that allow bending of the anodes while inhibiting dendrite formation; Side perspective view.
Figure 5 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a stacked battery with a bipolar design that includes offset base layers in angled form.
Figure 6 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a stacked battery with a bipolar design including offset base layers in a stepped form with leads from a multiplexer extending below the base layers.

For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and described in the following description. It is understood that no limitation to the scope of the present disclosure is thereby intended. It is also understood that the present disclosure includes any permutations and modifications to the embodiments shown and includes other applications of the principles of the present disclosure that would normally occur to those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

FIG. 3 shows an electrochemical battery 100. The electrochemical battery 100 includes a plurality of cells or cell stacks 102 _x in a packaging 104 or other environment that is electrically isolated and (optionally) thermally conductive. The packaging 104 improves the safety of the electrochemical battery 100.

Each of the cells 102 _x includes an anode 106 _x , a separator 108 _x , and a cathode 110 _x . Typically, metals such as copper, and a cathode base layer (112 _x), which can serve as a current collector as well as the feed-through for the integrated circuit or multiplexer 114, is adjacent to the anode (106 _x) adjacent to the anode (106 _x) . For example, the base layer 112 ₁ is positioned between the anode 106 ₁ and the cathode 110 ₂ .

Although the multiplexer 114 is shown in the packaging 104, in some embodiments, the multiplexer 114 is provided outside the packaging 104. [ The multiplexer 114 may be a solid-state device having an insulating material between the electrical leads. The leads of the multiplexer contacting each terminal of the cell stack may extend to the top of the cell for the electrical circuit used to monitor and control current through each of the leads.

The anodes 106 _x include a lithium metal or a lithium alloy metal. The anodes 106 _x are fabricated such that they have at least as much capacity as the associated cathode 110 _x , preferably at least 10% capacity, and in some embodiments up to 50% capacity.

In various embodiments, the cathodes 110 _x may comprise a sulfur or sulfur-containing material (e.g., a PAN-S compound or Li ₂ S); An air electrode; Li- insertion materials, for example, _{NCM, LiNi 0 .5 Mn 1 .5} O 4, Li is rich in layered _{oxide, LiCoO 2, LiFePO 4, LiMn} 2 O 4; Li-rich NCM, NCA, and other Li intercalation materials, or mixtures thereof or any other active materials or mixtures of materials that react with and / or insert Li anions and / or electrolyte anions. The cathodes 110 _x can be completely dense. The cathodes 110 _x may comprise Li-conductive polymers, ceramics or other solid, non-polymer electrolytes. Li- insertion cathode materials Ohtomo T. et al., Journal of Power Sources 233 (2013 ) the Li- insertion material to be described in the 231-235 and solid-added materials such as LiNbO ₃ in order to improve the flow of ions between the electrolyte ≪ / RTI > The solid-electrolyte materials at the cathodes 110 ^x may be selected from the group consisting of lithium-conducting garnets, lithium-conducting sulfides (e.g., Li ₂ SP ₂ S ₅ ) or phosphates, Li ₃ P, LIPON, Li- PEO), Wiers et al., &Quot; A Solid Lithium Electrolyte via Addition of Lithium Isopropoxide to a Metal-Organic Framework with Open Metal Sites ", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011, 133 Conductive metal-organic frameworks such as TiO2-LiSiCONs, Li-conductive NaSICONs, Li ₁₀ GeP ₂ S ₁₂ , lithium polysulfide phosphates, or other solid Li - It may further comprise a conductive material. Other solid-electrolyte materials that may be used are described in Christensen et al., "A Critical Review of Li / Air Batteries" (Journal of the Electrochemical Society 159 (2) 2012), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Other materials in the cathodes 110 _x may include electrically conductive additives such as Li _{7 - x} La ₃ Ta _x Zr _{2 - x} O ₁₂ (0 _{? X? 2} ), carbon black, and binder materials . The cathode materials are designed to allow sufficient electrolyte-cathode interface area for the desired design.

In some embodiments, separators 108 _x are microstructured compound separators that conduct electrons between the anodes 106 _x and cathodes 110 _x while blocking electrons. For example, FIG. 4 illustrates a partial perspective view of a cell 102 ₁ including a layer 120 adjacent to the anode 106 ₁ and a layer 122 adjacent to the cathode 110 ₁ . The current collector 124 can also be made of aluminum and is also shown provided in some embodiments and can be separated from the adjacent base layer 112 _x by a layer of electrically conductive but chemically inert material such as graphite have. A plurality of solid-electrolyte components in the form of columns 126 extend between layer 120 and layer 122 defining microstructure cavities 128 therebetween.

Thus, the microstructure compound separator 108 _x provides sufficient ion transport (i.e., by providing a sufficiently high volume percentage of the conductive material and by limiting the thickness of the structure between the anode and the cathode) and from the anode 106 _x And consist of regularly spaced solid-electrolyte components 126 that provide mechanical resistance to inhibit the formation and growth of lithium dendrites. In the embodiment of Figure 4, the solid-electrolyte components 108 _x are flexible to accommodate volume changes of the electrodes.

Although three columns 126 are shown in Figure 4, there are more or fewer solid-electrolyte components in other embodiments. In other embodiments, the solid-electrolyte components can be configured in other forms. In some embodiments, the microstructure cavities 128 may be filled with different components to provide the desired flexibility and / or otherwise alter the mechanical properties of the microstructure compound separator. Further details regarding the microstructured compound separator 108 _x and other alternative separator arrangements can be found in US patent application Ser. No. 08 / 398,995, filed August 15, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 14 / 406,798.

By stacking the cells 102 _x in the bipolar design of FIG. 3, the operating voltage of the battery 100 can be changed to a desired voltage. For example, if each cell 102 _x has an operating voltage of ~ 4 V, then 100 cells 102 _x may be stacked to produce a device with an operating voltage of ~ 400 V. [ In this manner, a given power can be achieved while delivering a low current through each of the cells 102 _x . Thus, the wiring of the cells 102 _x can be achieved with small diameter electrical conductors while maintaining high energy efficiency. Thus, the battery 100 is greater than 5V, and in some embodiments provides an operating voltage greater than 50V.

Returning to Fig. 3, the electrochemical battery 100 further includes a plurality of insulators 130 _x . The insulators 130 _x insulate the cells 102 _x from the upwardly extending base layer 112 _x . In order to provide enough space for the portion extending to the top of the base layer (112 _x) and the insulator (130 _x), the cells (102 _x) is the "offset". As used above, "offset" is the anode (106 _x) is associated on at least one side of the cell (102 _x) shown in Figure 3, the separator (108 _x), and the cathode is greater than (110 _x) (Relative to the orientation of FIG. 3). For example, the offset for cell 102 ₂ is identified as offset 140 ₂ .

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the "step-end" offset (140 _x ) allows for independent monitoring and control of the cell sandwiches including the high voltage stack. In the offset form, the positive terminal and / or negative terminal of each cell sandwich or group of cell sandwiches may be exposed and electrically contacted by a multiplexer or a multi-channel circuit. In some embodiments, only one terminal is exposed; Two terminals are exposed in others; In others, electrically conductive bipolar plates are exposed. Preferably, the shape of the stack is larger than the thickness t of the anode 106 _x , the separator 108 _x , and the cathode 110 _x, respectively.

Offset (104 _x) is from above the side service access for each cell (102 _x). This type of connection is easy to achieve. For example, a given cell 102 _x may be only 2 to 5 microns thick, but the steps or offsets 140 _x may have a length of 10 microns. For a cell stack consisting of 100 cell sandwiches, the total length of the offsets 140 _x is about 1 mm. Thus, when the cell area is 10 cm x 10 cm, the difference in area between the top cell sandwich and the bottom cell sandwich is only 1%. In some embodiments, the difference in the lengths of the individual cells 102 _x is compensated by making electrode regions having different thicknesses such that the total capacity of each of the cells 102 _x is the same.

Thus, the embodiments described herein provide monitoring and control of cells 102 _x with groups of individually or series connected cells. This allows, for example, active and / or passive cell balancing as well as bypassing the defective cell. Active cell valve by rinsing is included to discharge the group of one or more cells (102 _x) or cells (102 _x) while charging the group of one or more other cells at the same time the (102 _x), and cells (102 _x), the energy is discharged, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &_gt; 102x &_lt; / RTI &_gt; Passive cell balancing can be bypassed, such as the cell 102 _x , which is believed to be fully charged or fully discharged, including the use of shunts.

Offset (104 _x), but is shown as a step-like form, other configurations are used in other embodiments. 5 illustrates a battery 200 including a packaging 204 and a plurality of cells 202 _x each of which includes anodes 206 _x , separators 208 _x , substantially the same as the cathodes (210 _x), and the base layer of cells _(x 102), including (212 _x) it is. The cells 202 _x are connected to the multiplexer 214 and the separators 230 _x are provided at the ends of the cells 202 _x .

Ends are each of the cells (102 _x) and cells (202 _x) The main difference between the anode (206 _x), isolation plates (208 _x), cathodes (210 _x) adjacent to the offsets (240 _x) is , Thereby providing a "angled" form that can make the connection to the cells 202 _x simpler.

Figure 6 illustrates a battery 250 that includes a packaging 254 and a plurality of cells 252 _x , each of which includes anodes 256 _x , separators 258 _x , 260 _x ), and cells (102 _x ) comprising base layers 262 _x . Cells 252 _x are connected to multiplexer 264 and insulators 266 _x are located at the ends of cells 250 _x . The main difference between the battery 250 and the battery 100 is that the multiplexer 264 includes leads 268 extending downward into the base layers 262 _x .

The embodiments described above provide a solid-state battery, cell, or cell stack having a high operating voltage that is enabled by a number of cell sandwiches connected in series and included in the same package. In some embodiments, the cell stack has a stepped structure on at least one edge to enable independent electrical contact for each cell sandwich. Thus, individual cell sandwiches can be independently bypassed, monitored and controlled, and both passive and active cell sandwich balancing can be enabled.

Thus, the embodiments described above provide a secure energy-storage system with a high voltage that is enabled or integrated by an electrically insulating material or medium surrounding a plurality of serially stacked cell sandwiches and cell stacks do.

In some embodiments, the offset design enables independent monitoring and control of each cell sandwich, bypassing of defective cell sandwiches, active and / or manual cell balancing.

While this disclosure has been shown and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, it is to be understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not intended to be limiting of the nature. It is to be understood that only the preferred embodiments have been suggested and that all changes, modifications and other applications that are within the spirit of the disclosure are desired to be protected.

100: electrochemical battery 102x: cells
104: packaging 106 _x : anode
108 _x : separator 110 _x : cathode
112 _x : base layer 114: multiplexer
130 _x : insulators 140 _x : offset

Claims (18)

In a solid state battery,
A first cell stack comprising a first solid-electrolyte separator positioned between a first cathode and a first anode;
A first base layer comprising a first base extending below said first anode and extending laterally beyond said first anode;
A second cell stack below said first base layer, said second cell stack comprising a second solid-electrolyte separator positioned between said second cathode and said second anode;
A second base layer comprising a second base portion located beneath said second anode and including a second side extension extending laterally beyond said second anode, said second base portion extending beyond said first side extension Said second base layer extending laterally;
(I) in electrical communication with the first base through the first side extension, and (ii) electrically coupled to the second base through the second side extension;
A first insulator located above the first base and extending along a first side of the first anode, a second side of the first cathode, and a third side of the first separator;
A second insulator located over the second base and extending along a fourth side of the second anode, a fifth side of the second cathode, and a sixth side of the second isolation plate;
A first conductive member extending upwardly from the first side extension; And
And a second conductive member extending upwardly from the second side extension,
Wherein the multiplexer is electrically connected to the first base via the first side extension and the first conductive member,
Wherein the multiplexer is electrically connected to the second base via the second side extension and the second conductive member,
And the second insulator is positioned between the first conductive member and the second conductive member. delete delete The method according to claim 1,
The first conductive member is a portion extending upward of the first base layer,
And the second conductive member is a portion extending upward of the second base layer. The method according to claim 1,
The first conductive member is a first multiplexer lead,
And the second conductive member is a second multiplexer lead. The method according to claim 1,
The first cell stack having a first maximum thickness;
The second cell stack has a second maximum thickness;
Wherein the first maximum thickness is greater than the second maximum thickness. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first side, the second side, and the third side are perpendicular to an upper surface of the first base. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first side, the second side, and the third side are not perpendicular to the upper surface of the first base. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first cell stack is connected in series with the second cell stack. A method of forming a solid state battery,
Providing a first cell stack comprising a first solid-electrolyte separator positioned between a first cathode and a first anode;
Positioning a first base portion of a first base layer directly below the first anode wherein the first base layer includes a first side extension extending laterally beyond the first anode, Positioning a base;
Providing a second cell stack comprising a second solid-electrolyte separator positioned between the second cathode and the second anode;
Positioning a second base portion of a second base layer directly beneath the second anode, wherein the second base layer includes a second side extension extending laterally beyond the second anode, Positioning a second base of the second base layer extending laterally beyond the first side extension below the first side extension;
Disposing the first base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer positioned over the first side extension through the first side extension;
Disposing the second base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer through the second side extension;
Placing a first insulator on the first base, along a first side of the first anode, a second side of the first cathode, and a third side of the first separator; And
Placing a second insulator along the second base and along a fourth side of the second anode, a fifth side of the second cathode, and a sixth side of the second separator,
Wherein disposing the first base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer includes placing the first base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer through a first conductive member extending between the first side extension and the multiplexer Lt; / RTI >
Wherein disposing the second base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer includes placing the second base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer through a second conductive member extending between the second side extension and the multiplexer Lt; / RTI >
Wherein positioning the second insulator includes positioning the second insulator between the first conductive member and the second conductive member,
Wherein disposing the first base portion in electrical connection with the multiplexer includes disposing the first base portion in electrical connection with the multiplexer through a portion extending upwardly of the first base layer,
Wherein disposing the second base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer includes disposing the second base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer through a portion extending upwardly of the second base layer, ≪ / RTI > delete delete delete 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein providing the first cell stack includes providing a first maximum thickness to the first cell stack,
Wherein providing the first cell stack includes providing a first maximum thickness to the first cell stack,
Wherein the first maximum thickness is greater than the second maximum thickness. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein positioning the first insulator comprises positioning the first insulator along portions of the first side, the second side, and the third side perpendicular to a top surface of the first base. A method of forming a solid state battery. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein positioning the first insulator includes positioning the first insulator along portions of the first side, the second side, and the third side that are not perpendicular to the top surface of the first base portion , A method of forming a solid state battery. 11. The method of claim 10,
Further comprising the step of connecting said second cell stack and said first cell stack in series with said multiplexer. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > 11. < / RTI > 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein disposing the first base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer includes placing the first base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer through a first multiplexer lead extending between the first side extension and the multiplexer Lt; / RTI >
Wherein disposing the second base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer includes placing the second base portion in electrical communication with the multiplexer through a second multiplexer lead extending between the second side extension and the multiplexer ≪ / RTI >

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