KR101870784B1 - Apparatus and method for displayig power consumption - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for displaying information related to power use includes a measuring unit connected to a distribution board to measure a power consumption of a room, an information generating unit generating power usage information corresponding to the measured power consumption, An EPD unit (Electrophoretic Display) that maintains display of previous information even without power supply; And a self-power generation unit for supplying power to the EPD unit, wherein the EPD unit displays the generated power usage information based on a user input inputted through a user interface.

Description

[0001] APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DISPLAYING POWER CONSUMPTION [0002]

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for displaying power usage information.

In recent years, as the number and types of electronic devices used indoors have increased, and interest in energy saving has increased, there has been an increasing demand for technologies for informing users of the amount of power consumption through a display device, However, in general, there is a limitation in the position of the electric meter or the distribution panel in measuring the electric power consumption, so that it is difficult to inform the user of the electric power consumption.

On the other hand, the users merely check the power consumption amount and get away from simply receiving the checked power usage amount, receive various information related to the electricity usage amount, obtain helpful information about the electricity usage amount of each household, There is an increasing demand for user-customized information or customized information per home, such as informing the user of the electricity saving measures such as the electricity saving method or the leakage power cut-off.

The background technology of the present application is disclosed in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2014-0126003.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus capable of displaying power consumption information of a room without supplying external power through self-power generation.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a device capable of efficiently displaying indoor power consumption information while using low-power energy only when the predetermined condition is satisfied, such as generating or updating power consumption information, for a predetermined period of time .

It should be understood, however, that the technical scope of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the above-described technical problems, and other technical problems may exist.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for displaying information related to power use, the apparatus comprising: a measurement unit connected to a distribution board for measuring a power consumption of a room; An EPD unit (Electrophoretic Display) that maintains display of previous information and a self power generation unit that supplies power to the EPD unit before power is supplied until the display of new information is updated; and the EPD unit includes a user interface And displays the generated power usage information on the basis of the input user input.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further includes an illuminance sensor for measuring the illuminance. When the illuminance sensor measures illuminance greater than a predetermined illuminance, the measurement unit and the information generator update the power usage information, And the information on the power usage is displayed on the display unit.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the power usage information may include at least one of a power usage amount and an electricity fee.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the information generating unit may calculate the power consumption measured based on the past power consumption associated with at least one of the temperature information and the humidity information in the time range including the corresponding point in the area including the indoor area The EPD unit generates notification information when the usage amount is out of a predetermined use range based on the past power usage amount, and the EPD unit displays the generated notification information.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a fine dust measuring sensor for measuring the amount of fine dust in the room, and the information generating unit may be configured to generate fine dust when the measured fine dust amount and the measured power use amount are both increased And generating notification information related to the action on the indoor device.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an information display apparatus including notification information about a filter cleaning of an indoor device.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an information display apparatus, comprising: a communication unit for transmitting / receiving information to / from an external device, wherein the communication unit is activated for a predetermined period of time when the information generating unit generates power usage information can do.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of displaying information related to power use, the method comprising: measuring power consumption of a room in connection with a distribution board; generating power usage information corresponding to the measured power usage; A step of supplying power to the EPD unit which maintains the display of the previous information without power supply until the display update of the new information, and displaying the power usage information generated based on the user input inputted through the user interface on the EPD unit The information display method according to the present invention.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling a power consumption of a vehicle, comprising the steps of measuring illuminance and measuring a power consumption of a room if the illuminance measured is greater than a preset illuminance, And the updated power usage information is displayed on the EPD unit.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of generating the power usage information may include a step of calculating a power usage information related to at least one of temperature information and humidity information in a time range including a corresponding time point of an area including an indoor area Wherein the step of generating the notification information when the measured power consumption based on the past power usage amount is out of the predetermined use range and displaying the power usage information displays the generated notification information .

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling power consumption, comprising the steps of: measuring a fine dust amount of a room; and generating power usage information, wherein when the measured fine dust amount and the measured power consumption amount are both increased, And generating notification information related to a measure for the indoor device that generates the notification information.

In addition, a computer-readable recording medium on which a program for causing the computer to execute the above-described method can be provided.

The above-described task solution is merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. In addition to the exemplary embodiments described above, there may be additional embodiments in the drawings and the detailed description of the invention.

According to the above-mentioned problem solving means of the present invention, it is possible to provide an apparatus capable of displaying power consumption information of a room without supplying external power through self-power generation.

In addition, when the predetermined condition is satisfied, such as generating or updating the power usage information, it is possible to display the power usage information of the room efficiently while using the low power energy only for a predetermined time.

In addition, information corresponding thereto can be displayed in accordance with various conditions such as a surge of electric power consumption compared with the past, or an increase of fine dust depending on the amount of electric power used.

1 is a configuration diagram of an information display system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a configuration diagram of an information display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a view for explaining the operation of the information display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a flowchart illustrating an information display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention. It should be understood, however, that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In the drawings, the same reference numbers are used throughout the specification to refer to the same or like parts.

Throughout this specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected" to another part, it is not limited to a case where it is "directly connected" but also includes the case where it is "electrically connected" do.

It will be appreciated that throughout the specification it will be understood that when a member is located on another member "top", "top", "under", "bottom" But also the case where there is another member between the two members as well as the case where they are in contact with each other.

Throughout this specification, when an element is referred to as "including " an element, it is understood that the element may include other elements as well, without departing from the other elements unless specifically stated otherwise.

1 is a configuration diagram of an information display system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, an information display system includes an information display device 10, a distribution board 20 connected to the information display device 10, and an external device 30.

The distribution board 20 is generally a device for distributing power according to various loads such as electric lamp, electric heat, and power load, and can be classified into a distribution board for residential use used in a general house and an industrial distribution board used in a building or a factory.

The external device 30 may be an indoor device or a user device that can be connected to the information display device 10. The indoor device may be a device that uses electricity installed inside the room, such as a cooling device or a heating device, and the user device may be a smartphone, a tablet personal computer, a mobile phone, A laptop computer, a netbook computer, a workstation, a server, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a notebook computer, ), MP3 players, mobile medical devices, cameras or wearable devices such as smart glasses, headmounted-devices (HMDs), electronic apparel, electronic bracelets, electronic necklaces, an electronic device, an electronic device, an electronic device, an electronic device, an electronic device, an electronic device, an electronic device, an electronic device, an electronic device, an electronic device, and a user device.

Meanwhile, the network means a connection structure in which information can be exchanged between each node such as terminals and servers, and may include wireless communication and wired communication. The wireless communication may use, for example, at least one of LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, WCDMA, UMTS, WiBro, or GSM as the cellular communication protocol. Also, the wireless communication may include, for example, local communication. The local area communication may include at least one of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), near field communication (NFC), or global positioning system (GPS) The wired communication may include at least one of a universal serial bus (USB), a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a recommended standard 232 (RS-232), a plain old telephone service (POTS) . Network 300 may include at least one of a telecommunications network, e.g., a computer network (e.g., LAN or WAN), the Internet, or a telephone network.

The information display apparatus 10 can be connected to the distribution board 20 to measure the power consumption of the room. In this case, the term " connection " may include not only a case of being directly connected electrically but also a case of being connected wirelessly via a network or the like. For example, the information display apparatus 10 can be electrically connected to the distribution board 20 to measure the electric power consumption amount of the room based on the electric power consumption amount of the distribution board 20, It is possible to measure the electric power consumption of the room.

The information display device 10 generates power usage information corresponding to the amount of power consumption based on the measured power consumption of the room, and displays the power usage information through an EPD (ElectroPhospheric Display). The operation of the information display apparatus 10 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

2 is a configuration diagram of an information display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2, the information display device 10 includes a measuring unit 101, an information generating unit 102, an EPD unit 103, a self-generating unit 104, an illuminance sensor 105, a fine dust measuring sensor 106 and a communication unit 107. However, the configuration of the information display apparatus 10 is not limited to those described above, and various configurations may exist. For example, the information display apparatus 10 may further include a user interface for receiving a predetermined input from a user.

The measuring unit 101 may be connected to the distribution board 20 to measure the power consumption of the room. For example, the measuring unit 101 may be electrically connected to the distribution board 20 to measure the amount of electric power used in the room based on the amount of electric power used in the distribution board 20, May receive power consumption from the distribution board 20 through a low-power wireless network or the like, and may measure the power consumption of the room based on the received power consumption.

The measuring unit 101 may measure the power consumption of the room periodically at intervals of the reference time, but may be activated for a predetermined time only when the predetermined condition is satisfied to measure the power consumption of the room.

The information generating unit 102 may generate power usage information corresponding to the measured power usage. The power usage information may include at least one of a power usage amount and an electricity fee, but the present invention is not limited thereto and may further include various information corresponding to power usage. For example, the information generating unit 102 may calculate the amount of power consumption corresponding to the amount of power consumption measured through the measuring unit 101 and the fee therefrom, and generate the power usage information.

The EPD unit 103 can maintain the display of the previous information without power supply until the display update of the new information. In general, electrophoretic display (EPD) is a display that can display colors, letters, and pictures using fine nanoparticles moving along an anode or a cathode when current is passed through. It can be thinned because it does not need a backlight, Implementation of the display may be possible. In addition, since the electricity is used only when the pixel contents are changed, the power consumption in the standby state is very small because the power source is not needed when the still image is continuously left, and the durability It can be used semi-permanently, and since it is not a self-emitting pixel, it can be copied like a paper through a copier.

The EPD unit 103 can display the power usage information generated through the information generation unit 102. [ At this time, the EPD unit 103 may display the current power usage amount based on the user input inputted through the user interface, or may display the fee corresponding to the power usage amount.

For example, the EPD unit 103 can display the current time at normal times, display the current power usage amount based on user input such as pressing a button, or display a fee corresponding to the power usage amount have. On the other hand, the EPD unit 103 can maintain the display of the currently used power usage information until new power usage information is generated or updated.

More specifically, when the EPD unit 103 measures 317 Kwh through the measuring unit 101 based on the meter reading date, the EPD unit 103 calculates a power consumption amount based on the power use information generated through the information generating unit 102 '317kWh' can be displayed, and '52, 370 won' corresponding to 317 kWh can be displayed based on the user input inputted through the user interface. At this time, '317 kWh' or '52, 370 won' displayed in the EPD unit 103 can be maintained until new power usage information is updated.

The measuring unit 101, the information generating unit 102, and the EPD unit 103 may be activated for a predetermined period of time to operate in association with each other when the predetermined condition is satisfied. For example, the measuring unit 101, the information generating unit 102, and the EPD 103 do not always operate. When the user input is inputted through the user interface, the measuring unit 101 is activated for a predetermined time, And generates power usage information through the information generation unit 102, the EPD unit 103 can display the generated power usage information. Thereafter, the measuring unit 101 and the information generating unit 102 are inactivated to stop the operation or wait until the next operation, and the EPD unit 103 is currently displayed until new power usage information is generated or updated The display of the power usage information can be maintained.

The information display apparatus 10 can be operated at low power consumption by reducing the power consumption of the information display apparatus 10 through the organic operation of the information display apparatus 10. [

The self power generation unit 104 can supply power to the EPD unit 103. [ According to one embodiment, the self-power generating unit 104 may be a solar cell, more preferably a high-performance organic solar cell or a thin film solar cell capable of self-power generation by indoor illumination.

Generally, a solar cell refers to a device capable of converting solar energy into electrical energy. When a semiconductor junction region having a PN junction surface is irradiated with light having a larger energy than that of the forbidden region, electrons and holes are generated, The electrons are transferred to an N-type semiconductor and the holes are transferred to a P-type semiconductor, thereby utilizing the principle that an electromotive force is generated. On the other hand, an organic solar cell can be a solid semiconductor thin film surrounding an organic matter, and a thin solar cell can be a thin-film solar cell.

In other words, the self-power generation unit 104 enables the information display apparatus 10 to operate without applying an external power source.

The illuminance sensor 105 can measure the illuminance. For example, the illuminance sensor 105 can measure the illuminance around the information display device 10. [ More specifically, for example, the illuminance sensor 105 can measure the illuminance around the information display device 10, such as when the door is automatically turned on or when the kitchen is manually turned on.

At this time, when the illuminance sensor 105 measures the illuminance greater than the preset illuminance, the measuring unit 101 and the information generating unit 102 update the power usage information, and the EPD unit 103 updates the updated power usage information Can be displayed. For example, when the illuminance sensor 105 detects an illuminance that is greater than a predetermined illuminance, such as when the door is automatically turned on or when a kitchen fire is turned on by manual operation, the measuring unit 101 And the information generating unit 102 can update the power usage information based on the information, and the EPD unit 103 can display the updated power usage information. The EPD unit 103 can maintain the display of the power usage information currently displayed until new power usage information is generated or the power usage information is updated.

In other words, when each of the configurations of the information display apparatus 10 is linked and operates organically, if the predetermined condition is satisfied, the power consumption can be reduced by operating for a predetermined period of time, and even when there is no separate power supply, The EPD unit 103 can maintain the display of the currently used power usage information until the EPD unit 103 is updated.

The information generating unit 102 may calculate a power consumption amount measured through the measuring unit 101 based on a past power consumption amount associated with at least one of temperature information and humidity information in a time range including a corresponding time point of an area including an indoor area The EPD unit 103 may generate notification information that notifies the EPD unit 103 of the generated usage information if the usage range of the EPD unit 103 exceeds the preset usage range. Here, deviating from the preset use range based on the past power consumption amount may mean that it is judged that the abnormal power use is being performed out of the normal power use category when compared with the past power use amount.

For example, the information generating unit 102 may calculate various types of statistical methods such as the monthly average power consumption of the home, the average 5-year average power consumption of the area, the seasonal power consumption, The EPD unit 103 can generate notification information indicating that the amount of power usage is out of the use range, and the EPD unit 103 can display the generated notification information.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above-exemplified statistics or set standards may have various embodiments depending on various statistical estimation methods and reference setting methods.

The fine dust measuring sensor 106 can measure the amount of fine dust in the room. In this case, when the measured fine dust amount and the measured power consumption amount are both increased, Can be generated. At this time, the fine dust measuring sensor 105 can measure the amount of fine dust around the information display device 10, but it can be located at a remote place to measure the amount of fine dust in the room. The notification information regarding the action may be notification information related to the filter cleaning of the indoor device.

Generally, when using a heating device such as a cooling device such as an air conditioner or a hot air fan, fine dust may be generated. For example, the information generating unit 102 is a trend in which the amount of power consumption measured by the measuring unit 101 increases in the summer or winter season, and the amount of fine dust measured by the fine dust measuring sensor 106 increases It is determined that the increase of the fine dust is caused by the use of a heating device such as an air conditioner or a heating device such as a hot air fan, so that it is possible to generate notification information recommending filter cleaning. In this case, the EPD unit 103 can display notification information recommending filter cleaning.

In addition, the information generating unit 102 may consider a seasonal factor or a temperature factor in determining the correlation between the fine dust amount and the power consumption. For example, the information generating unit 102 generates notification information about a measure for the indoor device that generates fine dust only when it is determined that the amount of fine dust and the amount of the strategy used increase in a period corresponding to summer or winter can do.

The communication unit 107 can transmit and receive information to and from the external device, and the communication unit 107 can be activated for a predetermined period of time when the information generating unit 102 generates power usage information. For example, when the illuminance sensor 105 senses a predetermined illuminance or more for reasons such as automatically lighting the entrance, the information generating unit 102 generates power use information, and at this time, , The communication unit 107 may be activated for a predetermined time.

According to one embodiment, the communication unit 107 can transmit the generated power usage information to the user device while being activated, and the user can use the power usage information or the power usage amount The corresponding charge information can be confirmed. In another embodiment, the communication unit 107 may transmit information to and receive information from the indoor device, and receive notification information about the filter cleaning from the indoor device. At this time, the information generating unit 102 may generate notification information about filter cleaning based on the received notification information.

When the user inputs the user input through the user interface or the illuminance sensor 105 measures the illuminance greater than a preset illuminance as the illuminance is turned on, And the power usage information displayed on the EPD unit 103 is used to generate new power usage information without supplying a power source, The display can be maintained until it is updated, and it is possible to operate with low power.

3 is a view for explaining the operation of the information display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, in step S301, the information display device 10 measures the illuminance around the information display device 10, and if the illuminance measured in step S302 is greater than the predetermined illuminance, in step S303, 10 may measure the power usage of the room and generate or update the power usage information corresponding to the measured power usage in step S304. In step S311, the information display device 10 can display generated or updated power usage information.

On the other hand, in step S305, the information display apparatus 10 compares the past power consumption with the measured power consumption. If the power consumption measured in step S306 exceeds the predetermined usage range, the information display apparatus 10 displays the information The display device 10 can generate notification information indicating that the current power usage is out of the predetermined usage range and display the notification information generated in step S311.

The information display apparatus 10 measures the amount of fine dust in step S308. If the amount of fine dust increases together with the amount of power used in step S309, the information display apparatus 10 generates notification information related to measures such as notifying the filter cleaning in step S310 , In step S311, the information display device 10 can display notification information related to the generated action. The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is only one of various embodiments of the present invention, and therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and various other embodiments may be further included.

4 is a flowchart illustrating an information display method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The information display method according to Fig. 4 will be described in detail in each section of the information display apparatus 10 explained with reference to Figs. 1 to 3. Fig. Therefore, even if not described below, it can be included in or can be deduced from the operation description of the information display apparatus described with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG.

Referring to FIG. 4, in step S401, the information display device 10 is connected to the distribution board to measure the power consumption of the room and generate power usage information corresponding to the measured power consumption in step S402. In step S403, the information display device 10 can supply power to the EPD part 103 or supply power to the other components via the self-power generation part 104 of the information display device 10, and in step S404, The display device can display the generated power usage information.

The information display apparatus 10 measures the illuminance and updates the power usage information by measuring the power consumption of the room as in steps S401 and S402 if the measured illuminance is greater than the preset illuminance, And can be displayed on the EPD unit 103 of the display device 10. [

On the other hand, the information display apparatus 10 displays the power consumption amount measured based on the past power consumption amount associated with at least one of the temperature information and the humidity information in the time range including the corresponding time point of the area including the indoor area, When it is out of the preset use range, it can generate notification information and display the generated notification information through the EPD unit 103. [

The information display apparatus 10 may measure the amount of fine dust in the room and generate notification information about measures for the indoor equipment that generates fine dust when the measured fine dust amount and the measured power consumption amount are both increased.

The information display method as described above can also be implemented in the form of a recording medium including instructions executable by a computer such as a program module executed by a computer. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. In addition, the computer-readable medium may include both computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Communication media typically includes any information delivery media, including computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave, or other transport mechanism.

Such an information display device 10 has no effect of supplying external power through self-power generation and has a high degree of freedom in installation position. Generally, the distribution panel of a home is located indoors such as an entrance hall or a kitchen. In order to measure the electric power consumption of the room, the electric power generation by the self-generated power is limited to a fluorescent lamp in the home. However, since each configuration of the information display apparatus 10 is activated for a predetermined period of time only when a condition necessary for the operation is satisfied, for example, when a door is turned on or a user input is inputted, In particular, since the information displayed on the EPD unit 103 is maintained without additional power supply until new information is displayed, an independent measuring apparatus for power efficiency can be efficiently constructed.

In addition, the self-power generation using the organic solar cell can be self-generated even through an object having a comparatively low energy compared with the solar light such as an indoor lighting, so that it can be more efficiently used indoors than other self-generating units.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing description of the embodiments is for illustrative purposes and that those skilled in the art can easily modify the invention without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention.

10: Information display device
101:
102: Information generating unit
103: EPD section
104: Self-
105: Light intensity sensor
106: Fine dust measuring sensor
107:

Claims (12)

An apparatus for displaying information related to power usage in a room,
A measuring unit connected to the distribution board and measuring a power consumption of the room;
An information generator for generating power usage information corresponding to the measured power usage;
An EPD unit (Electrophoretic Display) which maintains display of previous information without power supply until renewal of display of new information;
A self-power generating unit for supplying power to the EPD unit; And
And a fine dust measuring sensor for measuring a fine dust amount of the room,
The EPD unit displays the generated power usage information based on a user input inputted through a user interface,
Wherein the information generating unit generates notification information related to a measure for the indoor device generating fine dust when the measured fine dust amount and the measured power consumption are both increased. The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising an illuminance sensor for measuring illuminance,
Wherein the measuring unit and the information generating unit update the power usage information when the illuminance sensor measures an illuminance greater than a predetermined illuminance, and the EPD unit displays the updated power usage information. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the self-power generating unit includes an organic solar battery. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the information generating unit generates the information on the basis of the past power consumption amount based on the past power consumption amount based on the past power consumption amount associated with at least one of the temperature information and the humidity information in the time range including the corresponding time point of the area including the indoor area When the usage range is exceeded, notification information is generated,
Wherein the EPD unit displays the generated notification information. delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the notification information related to the action includes notification information on filter cleaning of the indoor device. The method according to claim 1,
And a communication unit for transmitting and receiving information to and from the external device,
Wherein the communication unit is activated for a predetermined time when the information generating unit generates the power usage information. A method of displaying information related to power usage,
Measuring a power consumption of the indoor unit connected to the distribution board;
Generating power usage information corresponding to the measured power usage;
Supplying power to an EPD unit which maintains a display of previous information without power supply until renewal of display of new information; And
And measuring the amount of fine dust in the room,
Wherein the generating of the power usage information comprises:
Generating notification information about a measure for the indoor device generating fine dust when the measured fine dust amount and the measured power consumption amount are both increased,
Wherein the generated power usage information is displayed on the EPD unit based on a user input inputted through a user interface. 9. The method of claim 8,
Further comprising the step of measuring illuminance,
Measuring the power consumption of the room if the measured illuminance is greater than a preset illuminance, updating power usage information in the generating of the power usage information, and displaying the updated power usage information in the EPD unit And displaying the information. 9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the generating of the power usage information comprises:
Based on a past power usage amount associated with at least one of temperature information and humidity information in a time range including a corresponding time point of an area including the indoor area, the measured power usage amount deviates from a preset use range based on the past power usage amount , Generates notification information,
Wherein the displaying the power usage information comprises:
And displaying the generated notification information. delete A computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 8 to 10.

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