KR101859472B1 - Stereoscopic Image Display Device Using Switchable Conversion Means for 3-dimension - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display device including a switchable stereoscopic switching device which realizes a high cell gap by forming a column spacer on both substrates, wherein the switchable stereoscopic switching device of the present invention comprises: A first column spacer formed at a first height on the first substrate including a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a second substrate; A second column spacer on the second electrode, the second column spacer having a second height that meets the first column spacer, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the first and second substrates, wherein the first column spacer and the second column spacer And are formed to be elongated in mutually different directions in plan view, and are formed so as to intersect with each other.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display device using a switchable three-dimensional switching device,

The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display apparatus, and more particularly, to a stereoscopic image display apparatus employing a switchable stereoscopic switching unit that forms a column spacer on both substrates to realize a high cell gap.

The services that will be realized for speeding up the information to be constructed based on the high-speed information communication network today are multi-view and listen multi-functions such as the current telephone, centered on digital terminals that process characters, It is expected to evolve into a media-type service, and ultimately to a real-sensible three-dimensional stereoscopic information communication service that "sees, feels, and feels and enjoys reality in three dimensions beyond time and space".

In general, stereoscopic images representing three dimensions are made by the principle of stereoscopic vision through two eyes. Since the time difference of the two eyes, that is, the two eyes are separated by about 65 mm, The eyes see slightly different images. Thus, the difference in the image due to the positional difference between the two eyes is referred to as binocular disparity. The three-dimensional stereoscopic display apparatus uses the binocular parallax to allow the left eye to see only the left eye image, and the right eye to see only the right eye image.

In other words, the left and right eyes see different two-dimensional images, and when these two images are transmitted to the brain through the retina, the brain fuses them exactly to reproduce the depth sense and real feeling of the original three-dimensional image. This capability is generally referred to as stereography, and a device using the same as a display device is referred to as a stereoscopic display device.

On the other hand, the stereoscopic display device can be classified according to a component that implements 3D (3-dimension). For example, a method of driving a stereoscopic display device having a light path difference such as a lens using a liquid crystal layer is called a liquid crystal field lens method do.

Generally, a liquid crystal display device is composed of two opposing electrodes and a liquid crystal layer formed therebetween. The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are driven by an electric field generated by applying a voltage to the two electrodes. Liquid crystal molecules have polarizing properties and optical anisotropy. Herein, the polarizing property means that when the liquid crystal molecules are placed in the electric field, the charge in the liquid crystal molecules is concentrated on both sides of the liquid crystal molecules, and the direction of the molecular alignment is changed according to the electric field. The optical anisotropy is determined by the thin and long structure of the liquid crystal molecules, Refers to changing the path of the emitted light and the polarization state differently depending on the incident direction and the polarization state of incident light.

Accordingly, the liquid crystal layer exhibits a difference in transmittance due to the voltage applied to the two electrodes, and the image can be displayed by varying the difference between the pixels.

Recently, a liquid crystal lens electrically driven by a liquid crystal layer serving as a lens by using the characteristics of liquid crystal molecules has been proposed.

That is, the lens controls the path of the incident light by the position using the difference in the refractive index between the material constituting the lens and the air. In order to drive the liquid crystal layer by applying different voltages to the liquid crystal layer according to the positions of the electrodes, , Incident light incident on the liquid crystal layer experiences a different phase change according to the position, and as a result, the liquid crystal layer can control the path of incident light like an actual lens.

Hereinafter, a general liquid crystal field lens will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a general liquid crystal field lens, and FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a lens shape realized by a general liquid crystal field lens.

As shown in Fig. 1, a typical liquid crystal field lens is constituted by opposing first and second substrates 10 and 20 and a liquid crystal layer 30 formed between the first and second substrates 10 and 20.

In this case, the first electrode 11 is formed on the first substrate 10 at a first separation distance from each other. In this case, the distance between adjacent first electrodes 11 is referred to as a pitch, and the same pattern (first electrode) is repeatedly formed with the pitch periodically formed.

A front surface second electrode 21 is formed on a second substrate 20 opposed to the first substrate 10.

Here, the liquid crystal molecules forming the liquid crystal layer 30 have a parabolic electric potential plane due to their reactivity depending on the intensity and distribution of the electric field, and have a phase distribution similar to that of the liquid crystal electric lens as shown in FIG. 2 .

A ball spacer 40 is dispersed to support between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20. The ball spacer 40 is randomly scattered on any one of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, and thus is not located at a specific site and has fluidity on the substrate.

This general liquid crystal electric field lens is formed under the condition that a high voltage is applied to the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 is grounded. A strong vertical electric field is formed, and a weak vertical electric field is formed away from the first electrode 11. Accordingly, when the liquid crystal molecules forming the liquid crystal layer 30 have a positive dielectric anisotropy, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in accordance with the electric field to stand at the center of the first electrode 11, ), The closer to the horizontal, the more inclined the array.

2, the center of the first electrode 11 has a shorter optical path, and as the distance from the first electrode 11 increases, the optical path becomes longer, Plane, the surface has a light transmission effect similar to that of a lens having a paraboloid.

The first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 induce the behavior of the liquid crystal electric field to induce the refractive index of light as a whole to be a parabolic function spatially. (Edge region).

In this case, a voltage slightly higher than that of the second electrode 21 is applied to the first electrode 11, so that a potential difference is generated between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 as shown in FIG. In particular, a sudden side electric field is generated at the first electrode 11. Accordingly, the liquid crystal does not have a gentle distribution and forms a somewhat distorted shape, so that the spatial refractive index distribution can not be formed into a parabolic shape, or is moved very sensitively to a voltage.

The conventional liquid crystal electric field lens has the following problems.

A general liquid crystal electric field lens can be obtained by forming electrodes on both substrates with the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal therebetween and applying a voltage thereto without a physically having a lens having a paraboloid surface.

However, in order to stably maintain the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer between the two substrates, the ball spacer is scattered and disposed, but the liquid crystal does not move at the position where the ball spacer is located, so that the lens effect can not be obtained, No indication is made. Alternatively, the ball spacer may cause light scattering, which may act as a crosstalk in 3D display.

In addition, a problem such as reflection may occur at a position where the ball spacer is located, and when the ball spacer moves in the liquid crystal field lens due to the fluidity of the ball spacer, defects such as poor dropping may occur.

In order to increase the thickness of the cell gap in order to gradually increase the height of the liquid crystal field lens, the diameter of the ball spacer must be designed to be large. However, when the diameter of the ball spacer is increased, the entire volume of the ball spacer is increased, so that not only the upper and lower but also the left and right screening areas become large. As a result, the portion covered by the ball spacer in the liquid crystal layer increases as the diameter increases, do. Further, it is necessary to develop a material for a ball spacer having a large diameter.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a switchable three-dimensional switching means in which a column spacer is formed on both substrates to realize a high cell gap, Which has a purpose.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a switchable solid object switching device, comprising: forming a plurality of spaced apart first electrodes having a vertical axis in one direction on a first substrate; Forming a first column spacer having a first height on the first substrate and forming a first alignment film on a first substrate including the first column spacer, forming a second alignment film on the second substrate, Forming a second column spacer of a second height on the second electrode to meet the first column spacer and forming a second alignment film on a second substrate including the second column spacer, And bonding the first substrate and the second substrate in opposition to each other to form a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein the first column spacer and the second column spacer are planar Respectively, formed to extend in different directions at will, there is characterized in that made in which is formed to cross each other.

Here, the first column spacer and the second column spacer are formed by exposing and developing a photosensitive resin.

The first height and the second height are preferably the same.

The first height and the second height are preferably the maximum thickness that can be exposed when the exposure apparatus exposes the photosensitive resin.

The first height and the second height are respectively 5 占 퐉 to 20 占 퐉.

The first column spacer and the second column spacer may have the same horizontal cross section.

In order to achieve the same object, the switchable solid object switching means of the present invention comprises a plurality of spaced-apart first electrodes having a vertical axis in one direction on a first substrate, A first column spacer formed at a first height; a second electrode formed on the second substrate; a second column spacer having a second height that meets the first column spacer on the second electrode; And a liquid crystal layer formed between the first and second substrates, wherein the first column spacer and the second column spacer are elongated in planar directions from each other, have.

The plasma display apparatus may further include a first voltage source for dividing the first substrate by a predetermined pitch and applying a gradually increasing voltage from the center of the pitch to the first electrodes.

Or a method of dividing the first substrate by a predetermined pitch and dividing a partial region and a remaining region by pitch and applying first and second voltages different from each other to the first electrodes located in a partial region and a remaining region, 1 voltage source may be further provided.

A second voltage source applies a ground or a threshold voltage to the second electrode.

Meanwhile, the stereoscopic image display apparatus using the switchable three-dimensional switching means includes a voltage source for applying a voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode; And a display panel that is attached to the switchable solid switching means and displays an image.

When the voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes through the voltage source, the switchable three-dimensional switching means functions as a liquid crystal electric field lens or barrier, and the voltage unattended screen functions as a transparent cell.

Here, the voltage source may be a switch that applies a gradually increasing voltage from the center of the pitch to the first electrodes to the first electrodes by dividing the first substrate by a predetermined pitch in accordance with the application that the switchable three- 1 voltage source, and a second voltage source for applying a ground or a threshold voltage to the second electrode, or the voltage source divides the first substrate by a predetermined pitch, A first voltage source for applying a first voltage and a second voltage that are different from each other to the first electrodes located in a partial region and the remaining region and a second voltage source for applying a ground or a threshold voltage to the second electrode .

Here, the display panel may be any one of a liquid crystal panel, an organic light emitting display panel, an electrophoretic panel, and a plasma display panel.

The switchable stereoscopic switching device, the method of manufacturing the stereoscopic switching device, and the stereoscopic image display device using the switchable stereoscopic switching device have the following effects.

First, a column spacer is formed on both substrates to adjust the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer. When a column spacer is formed on each substrate with the maximum thickness of the pattern realized by the exposure apparatus, The cell gap can be determined by twice the maximum thickness of the device. In this case, it is possible to realize a sufficient high cell gap required for the liquid crystal electric field lens.

Second, even if the column spacers formed on each substrate do not completely coincide with each other, cell gap can be realized if the two column spacers meet, and the accuracy of cementation alignment of both substrates is not large. Therefore, a yield improvement is expected.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a general liquid crystal electric field lens
2 is a schematic view showing a lens shape realized by a general liquid crystal field lens,
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal electric field lens of the switchable solid switching means of the present invention
FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing the effects of rubbing when a high cell gap is realized with one column spacer and when a high cell gap is realized by dividing the cell spacer into two column spacers
5A and 5B illustrate the arrangement of the first and second column spacers of FIG. 3 in plan view
Figs. 6A and 6B are plan views showing the shapes of the first and second column spacers of Fig. 3 according to another embodiment
Figs. 7A to 7B are diagrams showing a potential plane and a liquid crystal alignment state when the liquid crystal electric lens of the present invention is on / off-driven
8 is a cross-sectional view showing a stereoscopic image display apparatus to which the liquid crystal field lens of the present invention is applied
9 is a cross-sectional view of the switchable three-dimensional switching means of the present invention implemented in a barrier manner

First, the switchable three-dimensional switching means of the present invention will be described.

Switchable Conversion Means for 3-dimension means means for outputting a 2D video signal as it is, or converting a 2D video signal into a 3D video signal and outputting it according to whether a voltage is applied or not.

Examples of the switchable solid switching means include a liquid crystal electric field lens system and a barrier system.

Here, the liquid crystal electric field lens system has a light path effect like a lens by using the refractive index of liquid crystal.

In the barrier method, a voltage is applied within a constant pitch, and a part is in a black state and the remaining area is divided into a white state and driven so that an area in a white state has the same effect as a slit.

Specific examples of the liquid crystal electric field lens system and the barrier system will be described below with reference to the drawings.

On the other hand, there is a need to replace the ball spacer with a column spacer in order to solve the problem caused in the liquid crystal electric lens that maintains the thickness of the liquid crystal layer with the ball spacer.

However, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer formed on the liquid crystal electric lens is required to have a thickness equal to or more than a certain value, for example, 10 to 30 탆, in order to have a similar optical path difference to the lens. At least four times the thickness. This is because the height of the column spacer to be formed must be increased substantially. It is possible to form a column spacer having a desired height by exposing and developing the column spacer material by the thickness of the column spacer material when the photolithography process is applied. However, in order to form a column spacer having a thickness of four or more times larger than that of a column spacer used in a liquid crystal display device, it takes a long time to perform exposure and development. In general conditions, There is a problem that a pattern defect occurs, and there is a problem in forming a spacer of the liquid crystal electric lens through the exposure process.

In particular, the focal length of the liquid crystal electric field lens is inversely proportional to? Nd, and therefore, the above-mentioned? Nnd must be increased in order to manufacture a liquid crystal electric field lens in which the focal length is shortened. However, Δn is the refractive index difference (ne-no) of the liquid crystal, and once the liquid crystal is determined, it is difficult to change the value. Accordingly, there has been proposed a method of controlling the DELTA n value by adjusting the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer. However, in order to support such a liquid crystal layer having a high thickness, a spacer having a high height is required together, and forming a spacer having a height of at least a certain height stably occupies a large portion in terms of the yield of the liquid crystal electric field lens.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a switchable stereoscopic switching device, a method of manufacturing the same, and a stereoscopic image display device using the same will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal electric lens of the switchable solid switching means of the present invention.

3, when the switchable solid-state switching unit of the present invention is implemented as a liquid crystal field lens for three-dimensional display, the constituent elements are a plurality of first electrodes 100 spaced apart from each other, A first column spacer 118 formed at a first height on the first substrate 100 including the first electrode 110 and a second column spacer 118 formed on the second substrate 200, A second column spacer 220 having a second height that meets the first column spacer 118 and a second column spacer 220 on the second electrode 210 between the first and second substrates 100 and 200. [ And a liquid crystal layer 300 formed on the substrate 300.

In order to define the initial alignment direction, a first alignment layer 119 is formed on the first substrate 100 including the first column spacer 118 and a second alignment layer 119 is formed on the second substrate including the second column spacer 220 The second alignment layer 222 is formed on the second alignment layer 222. The first and second alignment layers 119 and 222 are located on the uppermost layers of the substrates and the first and second alignment layers 119 and 222 are disposed at positions where the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 are located. Touch each other.

The reason why the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 are formed on both substrates is to sufficiently increase the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer 300. The first and second column spacers on both substrates are exposed by an exposure apparatus And is formed at a maximum height at a possible resolution.

That is, it is difficult to form a pattern at a height of more than 10 mu m on one substrate by current exposure and development equipment. Particularly, when a pattern with a high height is implemented, the difference in area between the upper side and the lower side of the pattern is increased and the pattern is collapsed. Thus, it is difficult to realize a desired high cell gap only by using a column spacer on one substrate .

However, in the liquid crystal electric field lens of the present invention, when the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 are formed on each substrate with a maximum thickness of the pattern realized with a resolution capable of the exposure equipment, The cell gap can be determined by twice the maximum thickness of the exposure equipment. The height of one of the column spacers 118 and 220 is about 5 μm to 20 μm. When both substrates are bonded together, it is possible to realize a high cell gap of 10 μm to 40 μm which is sufficient for a liquid crystal field lens Do.

Particularly, in the liquid crystal electric field lens of the present invention, the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 formed on the first and second substrates 100 and 200 need not be located at the same positions, , It is desired to secure a sufficient high cell gap. As a result, the degree of freedom in aligning and aligning the first and second substrates 100 and 200 when the first and second substrates 100 and 200 are attached together is increased, so that the defective rate of the product can be reduced.

The first and second column spacers 118 and 220 may have the same thickness and the same material. This is because, after the first and second substrates 118 and 220 are attached to each other, the first and second substrates 118 and 220 are subjected to mutual force. If one of the first and second substrates 118 and 220 has more rigidity, the other substrate is easily deformed.

In the liquid crystal electric lens of the present invention, unillustrated reference numerals 110a and 110b mean that the first electrodes are formed by dividing into different layers. The first electrodes are formed in different layers Or may be formed on one layer. In the former case, it is possible to realize a finer electric field lens, which is advantageous for a large area.

The first insulating layer 115 may be formed on the substrate 100 and the first insulating layer 115 when the first electrode is formed in different layers.

The second insulating layer 116 is formed on the first electrode 110b for planarization, and the second insulating layer 116 may be omitted.

In order to cause a lens effect on the liquid crystal electric field lens, the first substrate 100 is divided into pitches by a predetermined pitch, and a voltage gradually increasing from the center (O) to the edge (E) (Not shown) applied to one electrode 110 and a second voltage source (not shown) applying a ground or a threshold voltage to the second electrode 210, respectively.

The switchable three-dimensional switching means which does not apply a voltage to the first and second electrodes 110 and 210 functions as a transparent cell, and the two-dimensional image output from the lower display panel is output as it is.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating effects of rubbing when a high cell gap is realized with one column spacer and when a high cell gap is realized by dividing the column spacer into two column spacers.

The reason why the column spacers 118 and 220 are formed on the substrates 100 and 200 in the switchable solid switching means of the present invention is that only one column spacer 55 is used as the cell gap It is considered that the area under the upper portion is increased in the implementation, and that the rubbing dead zone is prevented from increasing when the rubbing cloth 70 passes. For example, even if a high resolution of a single column spacer can be realized due to a high resolution of the exposure equipment due to the development of the technology, if the height of the column spacer is doubled by the aspect ratio of the column spacer, Therefore, there is a problem that the area where the initial alignment of the liquid crystal alignment is not performed is increased.

4B, when the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 are formed on the two substrates, the height of each column spacer can be reduced to 1/2 as compared with that of FIG. 4A, 4A, the lower area of the column spacer is reduced to 1/4, and the area not processed by the rubbing cloth 170 is reduced. This means that the rubbing area can be significantly reduced.

 Meanwhile, reference numerals 15 and 120, which are not described in FIGS. 4A and 4B, correspond to components including electrodes or insulating films.

Hereinafter, the degree of arrangement of the first and second column spacers formed on both substrates will be described with reference to a plan view according to the embodiment.

5A and 5B are plan views showing the arrangement of the first and second column spacers of FIG. 3 according to another embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the first column spacer 118 may be formed to be long and the second column spacer 220 may be formed to be long and long, so that the first and second column spacers are cross-shaped.

In this case, the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 may have a height of two column spacers as long as the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 intersect with each other even if there are some misalignments, It is possible to form a cell gap with a combined value, which means that there is a low demand for cohesion precision.

5B, in contrast to the arrangement of FIG. 5A, the first column spacer 118 is elongated in the longitudinal direction and the second column spacer 220 is elongated in the transverse direction. The effect thereof is also similar to that of FIG. 5A Do.

Figs. 6A and 6B are plan views showing the shapes of the first and second column spacers of Fig. 3 according to another embodiment. Fig.

The shapes of the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 may be the same or different from each other. However, it is preferable that the cross-sectional area of the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 can be sufficiently secured. Accordingly, when the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 have the same shape, it is possible to increase the contact area sufficiently intersecting even if there is a misalignment between the two substrates, compared with a case where the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 have different shapes. That is, as shown in FIG. 6A, the cross sectional areas of the first and second column spacers 118 and 220 may be circular, or may be rectangular or other polygons, as shown in FIG. 6B. Also, as described above, it may be a structure in which the horizontal cross section is elongated in different directions. In either case, it is preferable to have an intersecting area so as to secure an ideal value that can support the pressure received from the relative column spacer after adhesion.

For example, a shape in which the area of the crossing portion is small and the central portion of the cross section is narrowed is avoided.

Hereinafter, with reference to Fig. 3 and Figs. 5A and 5B, a manufacturing method of the switchable solid switching means of the present invention will be described.

First, a plurality of spaced apart first electrodes 110 having vertical axes in one direction are formed on a first substrate 100. Here, the first electrode 110 may be formed on one layer, and the electrodes 110a of the first layer 100 of the first substrate 100 and the electrodes 110a of the first layer 100 may be covered A first insulating layer 115 may be formed on the first insulating layer 115 so as to be divided into electrodes 110b of the second layer at positions alternating with the electrodes 110a of the first layer. have.

Next, a second insulating layer 116 is formed to cover the electrodes 110b of the second layer.

Next, a first column spacer 118 having a first height is formed on the second insulating layer 116 including the first electrode 110.

Next, a first alignment layer 119 is formed on the entire surface of the second insulating layer 116 including the first column spacer 118.

Next, a second electrode 210 is formed on the second substrate 200.

Next, on the second electrode 210, a second column spacer 220 having a second height that meets the first column spacer 118 is formed.

Next, a second alignment layer 222 is formed on the second electrode 210 including the second column spacer 220.

Next, the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 are opposed to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 300 is formed between the first and second substrates.

Herein,? N (anisotropic refractive index difference) of the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 300 is about 0.2 to 0.3, which is different from anisotropic refractive index difference (0.1 or less) of the liquid crystal layer used in the liquid crystal panel.

The liquid crystal layer 300 may be formed by laminating the first and second substrates 200 and 100 and then injecting liquid crystal through a predetermined injection port. Alternatively, liquid crystal may be dropped The first and second substrates 200 and 100 may be joined together.

The first column spacer 118 and the second column spacer 220 are formed by applying a photosensitive resin on each substrate and selectively exposing and developing the same. In order to realize the high cell gap, the exposure apparatus is formed at the maximum height possible.

Hereinafter, the operation of the switchable three-dimensional switching means according to the present invention and the operation of the unattended state will be described.

Meanwhile, the lens region L is formed in the lateral direction at intervals of the pitch when the shape shown in FIG. 3 is a width of one lens region L as one pitch P.

Next, a method of selectively emitting a two-dimensional image and a three-dimensional image using the liquid crystal electric lens will be briefly described.

Figs. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing a potential plane and a liquid crystal alignment state when the liquid crystal electric lens of the present invention is on / off-driven. Fig.

FIG. 7A shows a case where the liquid crystal electric field lens is turned on to perform a three-dimensional display. In this case, like the liquid crystal field lens driving of FIG. 3 described earlier, A first voltage V0 corresponding to a threshold voltage or a ground voltage is applied to the center of the lens region and a first n electrode voltage Vmax is applied to the first electrode 110 located at an edge portion of the lens regions, Is applied. In this case, the voltage applied to the first electrodes 110 positioned between the center of the lens region and the edge portion is between the first voltage V0 of the lens region and the nth voltage Vmax, A voltage of a gradually increasing value is applied as the distance from the center of the region is increased. When a voltage is applied to the plurality of first electrodes 110, a voltage such as a ground voltage or a threshold voltage may be applied to the second electrode 210, Thereby forming a vertical electric field between the electrodes 210.

The liquid crystal field lens includes a first voltage source (not shown) for applying the first voltage V0 to an nth voltage Vmax to the first electrode 110, And a second voltage source (not shown) for applying a ground voltage or a threshold voltage.

The plurality of first electrodes 110 are formed to be symmetrical with respect to the edge of the lens region in the lens region. Each of the first electrodes 110 is applied with corresponding voltages V0, V1, V2, ..., Vmax through the voltage sources at the pad portion (corresponding to the non-display portion of the display panel).

(Δε는 액정 유전율 이방성, K1은 액정의 탄성 계수, ε₀은 자유공간 유전율)로 계산된다. 또한, 상기 렌즈 영역의 에지에 대응되어 제 1 전극(110)에 인가되는 전압 중 가장 큰 고전압은 약 2.5~10V를 피크값으로 하는 인가되는 교류 사각파이다. Here, the smallest threshold voltage V0 applied to the first electrode 110 is an AC square wave having a peak value of about 1.4 to 2 V,

(Δε is anisotropy of liquid crystal permittivity, K1 is elastic modulus of liquid crystal, and ε ₀ is free space permittivity). The highest voltage of the voltage applied to the first electrode 110 corresponding to the edge of the lens region is an AC square wave having a peak value of about 2.5 to 10V.

In this case, a two-dimensional image emitted from a lower portion through a display panel (not shown) causes a light path difference in each region of the liquid crystal electric field lens to act as a parabolic lens, and converted into a three-dimensional image to be emitted.

7B shows a case where the liquid crystal electric field lens is turned off so that a two-dimensional image from a lower display panel (not shown) is outputted as it is.

In this case, both the second electrode 210 and the first electrode 110 are kept in the off state. At this time, the switchable solid switching means functions as a transparent cell of a kind.

8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a stereoscopic image display apparatus to which the liquid crystal field lens of the present invention is applied.

8, a three-dimensional image display apparatus to which the liquid crystal electric field lens 500 of the present invention is applied includes a liquid crystal electric field lens 500 driven by the voltage application and having a lens function, And a light source 700 for transmitting light to the display panel 350 under the display panel 350. The display panel 350 includes a display panel 350,

In some cases, if the display panel 350 is a self-luminous display panel that emits light directly, the light source 700 can be omitted.

First and second image pixels P1 and P2 for sequentially displaying the first and second images IM1 and IM2 are sequentially and repeatedly arranged on the display panel 350. As the display panel 350, A liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a plasma display panel (PDP), a field emission display (FED) A flat panel display panel such as a panel may be used. The display panel 350 is positioned below the liquid crystal electric field lens 500 and transmits a two-dimensional image signal to the liquid crystal electric field lens 500.

The liquid crystal electric lens 500 of the present invention has a function of outputting a two-dimensional image signal in accordance with the profile of the lens surface, and is positioned on the display panel 350 that implements the two- Dimensional image signal or a two-dimensional image signal as it is. That is, by using the characteristic that the voltage unattended visible light is transmitted, it is possible to use a switching function such as two-dimensional display without voltage unattended display and three-dimensional display when voltage is applied.

8 illustrates that the first and second alignment layers 119 and 222 are further formed to cover the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 210, In this case, the rubbing direction of the first and second alignment layers may be formed along the longitudinal axis of the first electrode 110, Direction.

In the above, an example in which the switchable solid-state switching means is implemented by a liquid crystal electric field lens system has been described. Hereinafter, an example in which the same structure of FIG. 3 described above is applied and the barrier structure is applied will be described.

9 is a sectional view of the switchable solid switching means of the present invention implemented in a barrier manner.

As shown in Fig. 9, when the switchable solid object switching means is implemented in the barrier system, the switchable solid object switching means is provided with the switchable solid object switching means in which the partial region and the remaining region are divided into a certain pitch within the above- And a first voltage source for applying a first voltage and a second voltage, which are different from each other, to the second electrodes.

In this case, when a voltage is applied through the first voltage source, one pitch of the switchable solid switching means is divided into a black region (B) and a white region (W).

That is, if the switchable solid switching device is a normally white mode, the black region applies a relatively high voltage to the first electrode 110, and the white region provides a lower voltage to the first electrode 110 ). In this case, a voltage corresponding to the low voltage is applied to the second electrode 210, and only a vertical electric field is applied to the black region.

In this case, only a part of the black region B is formed within one pitch and the remaining portion of the white region W is used as a slit to induce binocular parallax. In this case, a polarizing plate 260 having an absorption axis in the liquid crystal alignment direction may be further formed on the back side of the first substrate 200 so as to completely cover the black region (B).

In this barrier system, both the first and second electrodes 110 and 210 are turned off in the two-dimensional display so that the image of the lower display panel 350 is emitted as it is.

As described above, the switchable solid object switching means, the method of manufacturing the same, and the stereoscopic image display apparatus using the same can be realized by forming a column spacer on both substrates to realize a high cell gap, The height can be freely formed. As a result, the degree of freedom of the cell gap is increased, and in particular, in the structure in which the value of DELTA nd needs to be increased like the liquid crystal electric lens, the yield can be expected to be improved due to ease of pattern formation and stability.

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.

100: first substrate 110: first electrode
118: first column spacer 119: first alignment film
200: second substrate 210: second electrode
220: second column spacer 222: second alignment film
300: liquid crystal layer

Claims (22)

delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete A first electrode comprising a plurality of spaced first layer electrodes having a longitudinal axis in one direction on a first substrate and electrodes of a second layer at alternate positions on the electrodes of the first layer;
A first insulating layer between the electrodes of the first layer and the electrodes of the second layer,
A second insulating film on the electrodes of the second layer,
A first column spacer formed at a first height on the first substrate including the first electrode,
A first alignment layer on a first substrate including the first column spacer,
A second electrode formed on a second substrate facing the first substrate,
A second column spacer on the second electrode, the second column spacer having a second height that meets the first column spacer,
A second alignment layer on a second substrate including the second column spacer,
And a liquid crystal layer formed between the first and second substrates,
Wherein the first column spacer and the second column spacer are elongated in planar directions from each other and intersect with each other;
A voltage source for applying a voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode; And
And a display panel coupled to the switchable solid switching means and displaying an image.
delete 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the first height and the second height are the same. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the first height and the second height are respectively 5 占 퐉 to 20 占 퐉.
delete 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the first column spacer and the second column spacer have the same horizontal cross-section. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the voltage source includes a first voltage source dividing the first substrate by a predetermined pitch and applying a gradually increasing voltage from the center of the pitch to the first electrodes on a pitch-by-pitch basis. 10. The method of claim 9,
The voltage source divides the first substrate by a predetermined pitch and divides a region and a remaining region by pitch to apply first and second voltages different from each other to the first electrodes located in a partial region and the remaining region Wherein the first voltage source comprises a first voltage source. 17. The method according to claim 15 or 16,
And a second voltage source for applying a ground or a threshold voltage to the second electrode.
delete delete delete delete 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the display panel is one of a liquid crystal panel, an organic light emitting display panel, an electrophoretic panel, and a plasma display panel.

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