KR101847150B1

KR101847150B1 - Unit Type Artificial Biotope for Amphibian Inhabitation

Info

Publication number: KR101847150B1
Application number: KR1020150081875A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 계명찬; 박찬진
Original assignee: 한양대학교 산학협력단
Priority date: 2015-06-10
Filing date: 2015-06-10
Publication date: 2018-04-10
Also published as: KR20160145883A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an artificial biotope for amphibian culture. More particularly, the present invention relates to an artificial biotope that mimics a natural habitat environment and enables reproduction, feeding, and hibernation of amphibians using an artificial biotope, The present invention relates to an artificial biotope capable of maintaining an amphibian community in an environment such as a river. According to the present invention, the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention can enable an effective culture of amphibians by creating an environment similar to a natural environment by connecting a stream-type biotope unit and a closed-type undersea-type biotope unit.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a unit type artificial biotope for amphibian inhabitation,

The present invention relates to an artificial biotope for amphibian culture. Specifically, the present invention relates to artificial biotopes capable of maintaining an amphibian community in an environment such as an urban river where it is difficult to obtain habitats by allowing reproduction, feeding, and hibernation of amphibians using artificial biotopes that mimic a natural habitat environment will be.

Amphibians are sensitive to environmental changes, and if either the aquatic ecosystem or the terrestrial ecosystem is destroyed, their survival will be seriously affected. Amphibians are reported to be rapidly declining globally due to urbanization, pollution, disease, destruction of the ozone layer or global warming.

Urbanization necessarily involves large-scale residential areas such as apartments, roads, and river maintenance activities. In this process, rivers, rice fields, and wetlands have been damaged, and the habitats of amphibians are gradually being reduced. As a representative example, in the case of gold frogs, due to the reduction of rice fields and wetlands due to development near the habitat, the number of individuals declined and the species became endangered by the Ministry of Environment.

On the other hand, the embankment installed on both sides of the river to prevent floods causes the disconnection of excluded areas and excluded areas. In addition, roads located on or near the embankment cause deadly effects on amphibian populations near urbanized areas by causing road kills in amphibians living in rivers and hibernation sites during spawning-feeding activities-hibernation year-round activities. In recent years, ecological problems of existing river maintenance focused on the establishment of a bank for flood defenses and the strengthening of the river have been emphasized, and efforts have been actively made for restoration as a natural river. However, in many ecologically friendly river rehabilitation projects, habitat creation is rare in consideration of the ecological characteristics of amphibians, and since many habitat examples do not secure back habitat or hibernation sites. Ecological friendly river restoration often fails to function.

Currently, it is difficult to find amphibians in urban rivers, and even if amphibians are inhabited, the size of the community is very small and threatens to kill the population. Decreasing populations of amphibians in urban rivers lead to the collapse of the food chain, leading to an increase in the population of insects that feed the amphibians.

Many amphibians spawn in places where there is no flow, and hatching larvae also grow in this environment. Therefore, the most important environment for reproduction of amphibians is a closed puddle independent of the main stream. This closed puddle becomes an environment where autumn rainfall is low and it is dried in winter, and it becomes an environment in which fishes that are predators of amphibian larvae can not live in. In spring, rainfall increases and melts ice to form a puddle. This closed puddle does not have predators fish, so it is possible for stable growth and transformation of amphibian larvae. Therefore, in order to restore ecosystem-friendly rivers and create amphibian habitats, it is necessary to construct such closed underground wetlands.

Considering the characteristics of these amphibians, there was a case of artificially creating wetlands on the riverside. However, it was difficult to show the effect of conserving or increasing the number of amphibians in the river because of maintaining the dry condition for a considerable period of the year. In addition, some amphibian species hibernate in the fields of rivers and rivers, such as fields of rice fields and hills, so that there is a problem in that a lot of individuals are lost due to the embankment roads while the hatching and growing individuals move from habitat to hibernation.

As such, it is very difficult to establish amphibian habitat for urban habitats where habitat and hibernation sites are not secured. Therefore, it is possible to conduct year-round activities of hatching-feeding hibernation of amphibians and artificial habitat Is required. In this connection, the present inventors have invented an artificial biotope for amphibian research (Korean Patent No. 10-0982978). However, although the above-described invention can be suitable for the study of amphibians as a closed-type biotope, there is a limitation in providing an environment such as a natural environment, which is not suitable for the year-round activities of hatching-feeding hibernation of amphibians.

The present inventors have sought to invent an artificial biotope suitable for amphibian culture by providing an environment similar to a natural environment as compared with a conventional artificial biotope. As a result, the present inventors have found that when a river-type biotope unit including a recirculating water-receiving unit and a closed-type underside wetland-type biotope unit including a confinement-receiving unit are combined and combined, an environment similar to a natural environment is created, The present invention has been completed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a unit type artificial biotope that enables amphibian form.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of raising amphibians using the unit type artificial biotope.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, claims and drawings.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an artificial biotope which enables an amphibian form, comprising a unit type artificial biotope characterized by comprising:

(a) a stream-type biotope unit including a land portion and a recirculating water receiving portion;

(b) a closed underside wetland type biotope unit comprising a land portion and a confined water receiving portion; And

(c) a connecting pipe connecting the river-type biotite unit of (a) to the closed bottom of the wetland-type biotope unit of (b).

Amphibians in the present invention may specifically be, but not limited to, ogre frogs, northern frogs, valley frogs, Korean frogs, true frogs, gold frogs, water toads or pangs.

The " stream-type biotope unit " of the present invention means a biotope that imitates the edge of the main stream. Among the characteristics of rivers, biotope is a biotope that reflects salivary (active feeding of amphibians), flatulence (shelter of amphibians, hibernation), and feeding cattle (feeding activity).

The term " closed bottom wetland type biotope " of the present invention means a biotope that mimics a closed type wetland of a river side. In winter, when rivers are streamed or frozen to the bottom, fish and aquatic insects, which are predators of amphibian larvae, completely disappear, so that in the spring, amphibians can maximize the survival rate of offspring when laying eggs. The individuals who have undergone transformation at this site can move to the main stream of the river or other areas through the land area.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(a) Onshore and recirculating The prize department Included stream type Biotope unit

1 and 2, the land portion 110 of the stream-type biotope unit 100 of the present invention is inclined in the direction of the water top 120 and may include a soil layer 111 and a large stone 112 , The soil layer may be composed of peat moss and maasato. The peat moss layer creates an environment in which aquatic plants can take root by using small particles or peat moss at the bottom of the biotope. Because of its relatively large particle size, pores are formed and water can flow. Because the waterside plants and aquatic plants can settle in the Masato layer, it can serve as an intermediate layer between land and underwater environments. Specifically, the masato layer can be formed to have an inclination of 10 cm or more on the peat moss layer. The megaliths can serve as hiding places or hibernation sites for amphibians. Larger megaliths of 20 cm in diameter or larger can be arranged stepwise along the waterside section, and the peat moss layer can be arranged in various ways in the water or the waterside over the exposed part or the masato layer.

In addition, the circulating water top 120 of the stream-type biotop unit of (a) may include a gravel layer 121, a water inlet 122 and a water drain 123, and further includes an underwater motor 124 . Specifically, the gravel layer can be constructed on the bottom of the head of a stream-type biotope that has created a flow of water by using an underwater motor. The gravels are made to be submerged in water, and as the water flows through the gravel layer, the form of the feed rate is created naturally. In addition, such an environment can serve as a habitat for fish and aquatic insects.

On the other hand, the outer wall of the stream-type biotope unit of (a) may be in the form of a mesh (Fig. 7). This is for the purpose of making the stream type biotope unit possible to use the stream of stream without using an underwater motor when the stream is installed in a space where the stream already exists. For this purpose, a skeleton of wood or metal, To allow water to pass through. Specifically, the mesh size of the mesh is preferably 1.5 mm or less in diameter so as not to allow fish or dirt to enter, but is not limited thereto.

(b) Onshore and Closed type The prize department Included closed type Hado Wetland Type Biotope unit

1 and 2, the land portion 210 of the closed bottom wetland type biotope unit 200 of the present invention is formed to be inclined in the direction of the water top 220 and may include a soil layer and a megalithium, The soil layer can be composed of peat moss and masato. The concrete structure of the soil layer and the megaliths is the same as that of the river-type biotite unit.

In addition, the closed-type water receiving unit of the closed bottom wetland type biotope unit of (b) may further include a filtration device for filtering water.

(c) The stream type of (a) Biotope Unit and the closed type (b) Hado Wetland Type Biotope Connector for connecting unit

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the connection pipe 300 of the present invention is for connecting a biotope unit to create a passage between biopsies, thereby enabling an amphibious movement between Biotops. Specifically, the connecting pipe of the present invention may be manufactured to have a height higher than the water surface of the water receiving portion of (a) or (b) and a height of 3.5 cm or less inside the connecting pipe.

Meanwhile, the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention may further include a river type biotope unit for a hibernation, and the river type biotope unit for a hibernation may be connected to another biotope unit through a connection pipe. In addition, the hibernating stream type biotop unit may further include an underwater heater.

The "hibernated river-type biotope unit" of the present invention is intended to help the hibernation of amphibian hibernating in the water so that the temperature of the deep water does not drop below 4 ° C in cold weather. For this purpose, an underwater heater is installed, .

On the other hand, a heat insulating material may be installed on the bottom of each biostat unit of the present invention.

On the other hand, the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention can be obtained by mixing the stream type biotite unit of (a), the closed bottom undulating biotite unit of (b), or the stream type biotact unit of (a) One or more additional wetland type biotope units may be connected. In addition, at least one of the above mentioned hibernation-type river-type biotope units may be connected. This is for constructing a larger biopsy network by repeatedly arranging and connecting the same type of biopsy.

The unit type artificial biotope of the present invention can be specifically installed in the following places.

When a small artificial stream is formed in a city park, a place where the water depth is relatively deep and is not dried is selected and a biotope is installed around the artificial stream (FIG. 3). This is to provide a hibernating environment for hibernating species in the water (frogs, northern frogs, frogs of the valley, frogs of the frogs, frogs of the water, toad of water), and it is economical because there is no need to construct a separate hood for the hibernation. In this case, a river-type biotope unit is installed beside the creek, and water depth is synchronized by connecting water in the creek and biotope without needing to supply water separately. It is also possible to connect the land area of the stream type biotope unit and the closed land type wetland type biotope unit so that the larvae hatching from the closed type wetland type biotope can spread to the outside immediately after the transformation and spread to the stream through the stream type biotope . These biotopes do not require the supply of water and electricity, and they naturally form food chains because they allow the aquatic organisms to flow from the stream. On the other hand, if there is a stream that is flooded or completely frozen in the park, or if there is only water without a stream, separate biotope units for hibernation are connected (Fig. 4). The biotope for hibernation is basically the same as the method for installing stream biotope, but the underwater heater should be installed so that the temperature of the deep water does not drop below 4 ℃ in cold weather or the water depth should be set to 50 cm or more. In this case, the hosepipe biotope is buried lower than the ground through floor construction. If an electric facility is available, use an underwater motor that is capable of forcing water flow. This prevents the surface of the water from freezing, increases the amount of dissolved oxygen and helps to purify water.

The following is the case where it is installed in a place where amphibian culture such as indoor or rooftop garden is impossible (Fig. 5). Basically, the biotope is constructed by installing it in an urban park. However, since it is impossible to interchange with the river, the water supply must be made artificially, and a water tank for water level control can be installed to maintain the water level constant. In this case, all of the biostat units must be connected to a connector for level synchronization between the biopses.

The following is the case of installing in the urban river (Fig. 6). Since the stream-type biotope unit is installed in a space where the river already exists, the stream of the river can be used without using an underwater motor. For this purpose, a skeleton made of wood or metal that serves as a support is made, and then a net is installed to allow water to pass through. Specifically, the hole size of the mesh should be 1.5 mm or less in diameter so that fish or dirt may not enter.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method of raising amphibians using the unit type artificial biotope.

The features and advantages of the present invention are summarized as follows:

(a) The present invention provides a unit type artificial biotope that enables amphibian form.

(b) The present invention is characterized in that a unit type artificial biotope is a unit in which a stream type biotope and a closed type undersea wetland biotope are used as a unit.

(c) By using the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention, it is possible to create a habitat environment similar to a natural environment, thereby enabling effective habitat of amphibians.

1 is a plan view of a unit type artificial biotope according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a sectional view of a unit type artificial biotope according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows an embodiment in which the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention is installed in an urban park.
Fig. 4 is an example of a case where a unit type artificial biotope of the present invention is installed in a city park, and a hibernation type biotope unit is additionally provided.
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention is installed in a room.
Fig. 6 shows an embodiment in which the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention is installed in an urban river.
7 is a view showing an embodiment in which the outer wall of the stream-type artificial biotope of the present invention is manufactured as a mesh.
Fig. 8 shows an embodiment in which the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention is actually installed.
Fig. 9 shows an embodiment in which the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention is tested and operated.
10 is a view showing a result of a test operation of the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention and aid the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, such modifications or variations should not be individually understood from the technical spirit and viewpoint of the present invention, and modified or modified embodiments are included in the claims of the present invention.

Example 1: Analysis of the habitat environment of the frog

As a result of analyzing the characteristics of habitat for five rivers including Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeonggi-do, where the frog is inhabited, Gravel, gravel, and gravel. Also, in summer, the preferred habitat for ogre frogs was a river section with a depth of 17-30 cm, and the flow rate was measured at 0.1-0.6 m / s. In terms of the land use rate in the vicinity, 90% or more of the green land (agricultural land, forest) has higher density than the frog, and the breeding mainly occurs in the surrounding rice paddies and closed subwatersheds in spring. Respectively.

Example 2: Production of biotope reflecting the habitat environment of a frog frog

Unit-type artificial biotope was constructed and installed on the roof of Hanyang University Natural Science University (Fig. 8). River type biotope unit and closed type basin wetland type biotope unit were made and connected. The outer wall of the artificial biotope was made of wood, and the core plywood of 18 mm thickness was arranged in two layers to make a total 36 mm outer wall. Styrofoam was installed at the bottom for flexibility of the insulation and bottom, and 4 layers of plastic for vinyl house were installed for waterproofing. The area of each biotope unit produced was 5.57 m ² . After making the boundary of the land with sand and gravel, the peat moss was placed at the bottom of the land. Masato was applied on the land peatmoss layer and Masato was placed thereon again above the water level. Giant stone, pebble stone, etc. were placed at the boundary of the land part, and amber stone, gravel, and marathon were arranged in the inside of the land part. The peat moss was applied to the top of the land area and the vegetation was placed in the riverside. The larvae were mainly planted. In order to prevent the introduction of predators, a wire mesh cover was installed. In the case of the stream type biotope unit, a drainage port was installed on the side of the outer wall corresponding to the 15 cm and 20 cm water level to allow water to flow out during rainfall. A 130 W submersible motor (maximum discharge of 4,800 l / hr) And a hose with built-in wire that can withstand the pressure was connected to pass under the land portion.

Example 3: Observation and observation

As a result of measuring the flow velocity at the upper part of the stream type biotope unit, the maximum flow rate at the point corresponding to the salinity section was 0.6 m / s and the average flow rate at the equilibrium section was 0.1 m / s. This was similar to the flow rate and the flow rate of the rabbits measured in the amphibian habitat. After running biotope for one month, a frog was emitted (Fig. 9). Two females and four males were irradiated in November 2013, after which they found hog frogs entering hiding places and hibernating. In the case of the stream type biotope unit, the fishes which are presumed to be predators of the oyster frogs were nestled in the natural rivers when the oyster fish were spun.

In May 2014, we discovered about 450 oocyte embryos scattered in stream-type biotope units. It can be seen that the larvae spawn mainly in the slip of the rock with a slow flow rate. However, later hatching larvae were removed by barbarians and could not identify individuals that were successfully grown and transformed.

At the end of July 2014, we could identify eggs laid out in a closed basin-type wetland-type biotope unit, and it was confirmed that the hatched larvae grew normally in an environment free from predators. In October 2014, more than 100 larvae were found in the closed subwatershed-type biotope unit, and it was confirmed that the larvae enter the hibernation state in the winter (Fig. 10). In the spring of 2015, we confirmed that larvae are feeding and transforming.

Thus, when unit-type artificial biotopes are installed in places where there is no connection with actual habitat, it is confirmed that the organisms can live throughout the year, and by connecting different types of biotope units, all environments for hibernation, It is confirmed that the condition can be provided. Therefore, the unit type artificial biotope of the present invention provides a method of creating an amphibian habitat without being affected by the surrounding environment, and can provide an amphibian habitat to a park, an apartment complex, a rooftop landscape, and the like. In addition, by deploying unit-type artificial biotopes in urban centers, it will be possible to increase the population of amphibians in urban rivers without backfire spatters

In addition, when various habitat units necessary for feeding, breeding, hibernation, etc. are produced and connected based on characteristics of the amphibian species according to amphibian species, it is possible to provide stable habitat for various amphibian species as well as Ophiopogonis.

100: Stream type biotope unit
110: Land side of a stream type biotope unit
120: Circulating water top of stream type biotope unit
111: Soil layer 112:
121: Gravel layer 122:
123: Drain 124: Underwater motor
200: Closed basin wetland type biotope unit
210: On-the-ground part of a closed basin wetland type biotope unit
220: Closed water basin Wet basin type Biotope unit Closed water top
211: Soil layer 212:
300: connector

Claims

1. An artificial biotope capable of amphibian culture, comprising: a unitary artificial biotope comprising:
(a) a stream-type biotope unit including a land portion and a recirculating water receiving portion;
(b) a closed underside wetland type biotope unit comprising a land portion and a confined water receiving portion;
(c) a connecting pipe for connecting the river-type biotite unit of (a) with the closed bottom wetland-type biotope unit of (b) and for moving amphibians; And
(d) A hibernating stream type biotope unit connected to another biotope unit through a connection pipe, the water surface temperature of which is not lowered below 4 ° C.

2. The unit type artificial biotope of claim 1, wherein the land portions of (a) and (b) are inclined in the upward direction of the water, and include a soil layer and a megamite.

3. The unit type artificial biotope of claim 2, wherein the soil layer is made of peat moss and maasato.

The unit type artificial biotope according to claim 1, wherein the recirculating water receiving portion of the stream-type biotope unit (a) comprises a gravel layer, an inlet and a drain.

5. The unit type artificial biotope of claim 4, wherein the recirculating water receiving portion of the stream-type biotope unit (a) further comprises an underwater motor.

The unit type artificial biotope according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the stream-type biotope unit (a) is formed in the form of a mesh, and the diameter of the mesh hole is 1.5 mm or less.

The unit type artificial biotope of claim 1, wherein the closed bottom part of the closed bottom wetland type biotope unit (b) comprises a filtration device for filtering water.

The unit type artificial biotope according to claim 1, wherein the connecting pipe (c) is installed higher than the water surface of the water receiving portion (a) or (b), and the height of the inside of the connecting pipe is 3.5 cm or less.

delete

The unit type artificial biotope according to claim 1, wherein the hibernating stream type biotope unit includes an underwater heater.

The unit type artificial biotope according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating material is provided on the bottom of the biotope unit.

The unit type artificial biotope according to claim 1, wherein the unit type artificial biotope is the same as the stream type biotact unit of (a), the closed bottom undulating biotactic unit of (b) Of the closed type lower wetland type biotope unit can be additionally connected.

2. The unit type artificial biotope according to claim 1, wherein the amphibian is an ooze, a northern mountain frog, a valley mountain frog, a Korean frog, a true frog, a gold frog, a water toad or a pad.

The unit type artificial biotope according to claim 1, wherein the amphibian is an oval frog.

A method for breeding amphibians using the unit type artificial biotope of claim 1.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the amphibian is an ogre frog, a northern frog, a valley frog, a Korean frog, a true frog, a gold frog, a water toad or a pad.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the amphibian is a rhomboid.