CN114586739B - Method for constructing artificial breeding farm of amphibian and artificial breeding farm - Google Patents
Method for constructing artificial breeding farm of amphibian and artificial breeding farm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of an artificial amphibian breeding farm and the artificial breeding farm, and belongs to the technical field of construction processes of bio-bionic stations. The method comprises the steps of selecting regions for building the artificial breeding farm and the area of a required site according to the life habits and the inhabitation and breeding environment parameters of the amphibians, arranging bionic attraction guide areas, inhabitation and retention areas and breeding and evolution and growth areas in the selected regions at intervals and in a staggered mode, inducing the amphibians to enter the artificial breeding farm for inhabitation and breeding through sound playback and/or biochemical information, and finally monitoring and evaluating the artificial breeding area to finish the building work of the artificial breeding farm of the amphibians. The artificial amphibian breeding farm comprises a bionic allure guide area, an inhabitation and growth area and a propagation and evolution growth area, wherein the propagation and evolution growth area is alternately inserted into the inhabitation and growth area, and the bionic allure guide area surrounds the outer side of the inhabitation and growth area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method, in particular to a construction method of an artificial amphibian breeding farm, belonging to the technical field of construction processes of biological bionic stations. The invention also relates to an artificial amphibian breeding farm built by the building method.
Background
The Chinese amplitude member is broad, the amphibian district crosses the eastern and ancient and northern borders, and the species diversity is rich. The amphibians have important and irreplaceable functions in maintaining the balance of a natural ecosystem, and more original or rare specific amphibians are distributed in China. The breeding is the most important link in the life history of the amphibians, and whether the amphibians can be bred normally and smoothly is related to the continuation of species of the amphibians and the maintenance of species diversity. The habitat is an important place for the survival and reproduction of amphibians and is a protection condition for providing proper environment, sufficient food resources and avoiding natural enemies and bad weather for normal life activities of the animals.
Disruption of amphibian habitat is the biggest threat it faces. Amphibians belong to k-selectors in the ecological type, namely, species habitats have narrow selection range because of weak fertility, low survival rate and long service life, and are difficult to recover quickly when the living environment is subjected to catastrophe, so that the population of the amphibians is difficult to recover after the population is declined. Besides the fragmentation of habitat, the survival of amphibians is affected by excessive mining, serious loss of forest land resources, large-area disappearance of forests and the like. In addition, the method also has the influence of environmental pollution, and the environmental pollution has great destructive effect on biological diversity.
The reduced habitat quality is an important cause of amphibian population deterioration. The influence of engineering construction such as roads, tourism, water and electricity on the amphibians is mainly focused on the damage to the habitat of the amphibians. The amphibious animals have poor activity capability, and once the appropriate original habitat is damaged by the engineering land occupation, the population quantity of the amphibious animals can be reduced sharply and even killed. Therefore, for some amphibians with narrow distribution and extremely strong specificity, the construction floor space influence cannot be ignored. The occupation of land in the construction of the Sichuan grass slope river hydropower station leads to the disappearance of torrent frog habitat, and the population quantity of the torrent frog habitat is also reduced. At present, researches prove that the number of brook-type amphibian populations is reduced due to the construction of hydroelectric engineering, so that the functional diversity (namely the functional abundance, the functional uniformity, the functional specialization and the like) of the amphibian reptile communities is degraded. Many species inhabiting trees in the amphibians need to be bred by relying on tree holes capable of accumulating water for a long time on the trees, the species inhabiting the trees are high in distribution and difficult to meet, and breeding, growth and development of the species inhabiting the trees are difficult to observe and study. The reduction of the original bamboo forest and the original tree forest causes part of the amphibious animals living in the whole life to lose important living environment, the population quantity of the part of amphibious animals living in the tree is reduced sharply, the resource quantity is reduced seriously, and the part of species is in the process of population decline. At present, the microbial habitat required by amphibians is difficult to provide by secondary forest recovery or artificial forest, so artificial auxiliary measures are urgently needed to promote the wood frogs to realize natural propagation on trees.
At present, protective measures for amphibians mainly relate to artificial protective breeding, channel construction and the like of part of species, and habitat restoration research methods and technologies are still blank at present. In order to protect Chinese precious endangered and specific amphibian resources, artificial auxiliary measures need to be developed to promote tree-dwelling amphibians to realize natural propagation on trees, and finally recovery and rejuvenation of species population quantity are realized.
The reasons for destruction of amphibian habitats are as follows:
1. habitat disruption and fragmentation
The habitat destruction and fragmentation are the most direct reasons for the decline of the specific amphibian resources in China. With the development of economy, the urban process is accelerated, the tourism development and large, medium and small-sized engineering construction which lack scientific evaluation are lacked, the green lands such as forests, grasslands and the like are damaged, the living space of amphibians is gradually reduced, the quality of habitats is reduced, the food chain is interrupted, and the number of amphibians is necessarily and directly reduced as a result. And the fragmentation of the habitat results in mutual isolation of all populations, the genetic diversity is reduced, the decline of the populations is accelerated, and finally, partial amphibians are killed.
2. Disorder hunting
Because some specific amphibians have higher economic value, some rare and precious species are caught and sold by illegal vendors, and the survival of the species is seriously influenced.
3. Road construction
The road construction directly occupies a large amount of ecological environment and simultaneously causes the quality reduction of habitats around the road; this will lead to disruption of amphibian habitats, leading to reduced inter-population communication, splitting of amphibian life, and thus far more profound impact on biodiversity.
4. Environmental pollution causes
Environmental pollution such as water quality, air and the like can cause the increase of some malformed animals; the specific amphibian in China is small in quantity such as dorsalis pedunculata and oblonga, the habitat area is small, and the population is difficult to expand and develop after the habitat is damaged.
In conclusion, environmental pollution and engineering construction have great influence on the habitat of the amphibians, which can cause the quality, area and population quantity of the habitat of part species to be reduced, so that part species are in the population decline process. The breeding farm is an important component of the habitat of the amphibians, and after the habitat is damaged, the breeding farm of the amphibians is also damaged. At present, the construction method and the technology of the artificial breeding field of the amphibians are still blank, the task of recovering and reconstructing the damaged habitat is very heavy, the important problem of protecting the amphibians is also solved, and the important task of maintaining ecological safety is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provided are a construction method for facilitating the construction of an artificial amphibian breeding farm in an environment where the ecological environment is destroyed, and an artificial amphibian breeding farm constructed by the construction method.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for constructing an artificial amphibian breeding farm is characterized by comprising the following steps: the construction method comprises the steps of selecting regions for constructing the artificial breeding farm and the area of a required site according to the life habit, the inhabitation and breeding environment parameters of the amphibians acquired by a collection platform, arranging bionic induction guide areas, inhabitation and breeding growth areas at intervals and in a staggered mode in the selected regions according to the acquired life habit, the inhabitation and breeding environment parameters of the amphibians, inducing the amphibians to enter the artificial breeding farm for inhabitation and breeding through sound playback and/or biochemical information, completing data storage, periodical downloading and replacing by directly using a memory card of a camera or a memory card of a sound recorder, and finally monitoring and evaluating the artificial breeding ground to complete the construction work of the artificial breeding farm of the amphibians,
before inducing the amphibians through sound playback and/or biochemical information induction, firstly, utilizing an inducing and recording system, a video monitoring system and a sound recording system to form two sets of visual systems for group rejuvenation and monitoring, and observing the puppet, mating, spawning, rearing and early development of tadpoles in the whole process in the process of inducing the animals to a region which can be observed and researched in advance by combining a video device through an inducing mode, so that the efficient investigation and monitoring of the populations of the amphibians are completed; collecting male typical even chirps and female response chirps of target species in a research area in the process, making a chirping playing software small program which is played circularly, and combining an infrared camera and an automatic chirping recorder to form a self-recording artificial propagation observation field; and circularly playing the wood frog near the artificial breeding farm by a player in a breeding season by utilizing the artificial breeding observation farm to attract the individual to lay eggs and breed young in the wood frog.
Further, at least the following data are included when the life habit, inhabitation and reproduction environment data of the amphibians are obtained,
the life habit data comprises the home domain size, the mobility, the migration distance and the overlapping degree of the individual with different sexes of the amphibian in different seasons, the feeding, breeding and overwintering positions and the habitat requirements of different seasons;
the breeding habitat base data comprise recorded habitat related parameters and habitat parameters, elevation and geographical location information of the living and breeding environment of the amphibian species.
The preferable mode of the scheme is that the basic data of the breeding habitat is acquired and recorded by combining a radio tracking mode, and the acquired habitat type, vegetation type, water body environment index, soil environment index, breeding site type, altitude range, geographical distribution range and actual distribution range are measured and recorded, and the slope of an ascending slope, the slope of a middle slope, the slope of a descending slope, the slope of a steep slope and the slope of a gentle slope of the habitat are measured according to a geological compass; according to different slopes, the slope of the perch ground slope, the slope of the intermediate slope and the slope of the perch slope are all set to be less than 5 degrees, the slope of the steep slope is set to be more than 25 degrees, the slope of the gentle slope is set to be 5 degrees to 25 degrees, the gentle slope is naturally connected with the surrounding ground, the area range and the size of the suitable perch area and the suitable artificial breeding farm for building of the species are estimated by core density estimation, and the habitat representing the amphibians is judged and selected.
Furthermore, when a region for building the artificial breeding farm is selected, the obtained habitat type, vegetation type, water body environment index, soil environment index, breeding field type, altitude range, geographical distribution range and actual distribution range are collected and recorded in a radio tracking mode for judgment, and then the region representing the habitat of the amphibious reptile is selected as a camp migration region.
In a preferred form of the above-described solution,
when determining the area of the required site, the area is obtained by adopting a corresponding formula in the following way, the area range and the size of a proper nest site of a publicly estimated species are estimated by using core density estimation, a smooth peak kernel function is adopted to fit observed data points, a real probability distribution curve is simulated, and the core density estimation is carried out by taking Kn (x) =1/h K (x/h) as a scaling kernel function, wherein the estimation formula is as follows,
then K is used for fitting the approximate and near probability density, weighted average is taken to obtain N kernel functions, the data + bandwidth of each data point is taken as the parameter of the kernel functions to obtain N kernel functions, linear superposition is carried out to form an estimation function of the kernel density, the kernel density probability function is normalized, and each output image is traversedCalculating the kernel density estimated value of each point, estimating the most suitable area of the convex polygon, and finally setting bead chain type miniature pond groups with different areas and depths by taking the animal habitat as the center and radiating outwards, and setting the area of a field required to be built by the amphibians
Wherein f is a probability density function, K (.) is a kernel function, and h is>0 is a smoothing parameter, x 1 ，x 2 ……x n Y1, y2 8230yn are n sample points with the same distribution F independently.
Furthermore, when the artificial nest area of the amphibian induces the amphibian through buzzing playback and/or biochemical information attraction, a fixed breeding place is selected in a breeding season in which the buzzing of the male frogs is more active, the buzzing of the amphibian is monitored by using an automatic buzzing recorder, the buzzing behavior of a target species is quantified through the buzzing rate, the individual number of buzzing males and the long-term dynamic change of the buzzing male population in the breeding season are estimated, and the sizes of the buzzing male populations in different places are compared, namely the fixed-point buzzing monitoring method.
The artificial amphibian breeding farm constructed by the construction method comprises a bionic attraction guide area, an inhabitation and evolution growth area and a propagation and evolution growth area, wherein the propagation and evolution growth area is alternately inserted into the inhabitation and evolution growth area, and the bionic attraction guide area surrounds the outer side of the inhabitation and evolution growth area.
Furthermore, the bionic allure guide area is a middle-low dense planting covered habitat with the vegetation coverage rate of 8% -15% and is arranged outside the habitat and is configured by taking 1.
The preferable mode of the scheme is that the habitat is a complex habitat which is constructed by arranging pebbles or sand around and at the bottom of the habitat and meets the requirements of survival, avoidance, reproduction, foraging and hibernation of the amphibians in combination with field observation.
Further, the method is characterized in that,
the breeding, evolution and growth area is a 1-2 personal artificial breeding farm which is built in an area with a stream and a large fall, which is larger than 10 square meters, of the inhabitation and growth area (2);
when clustered bamboos or bamboo forests grow in the damaged area of the selected habitat, natural bamboos are used for drilling and watering, and an artificial breeding farm is built; the construction method comprises drilling a hole with diameter larger than 1.2cm in the middle or upper part of the bamboo joint on a trunk or bamboo with 1-1.5 m above the ground, and irrigating water in the cavity in the trunk or bamboo to reach a position with water depth from the bottom of the bamboo joint to half of the hole; wherein, the initial water depth is less than 20cm, the highest water depth is 30cm, 5 pores with the diameter less than 3mm are arranged at the position 30cm away from the bottom, and the water level in the nest is controlled; the drilling tool is a rechargeable electric drill, the irrigation tool is a large-size injector with the volume of more than 100mL, the plastic hose is arranged at the front end of the irrigation tool, the depth of water in the bamboo joint is tested after irrigation, and excessive water can be sucked out;
when no bamboo forest exists in the damaged area of the selected habitat, PVC pipes are adopted to manufacture artificial bamboo joints for drilling and watering, and an artificial breeding farm is built; the construction method comprises the following steps of (1) cutting a PVC pipe or a similar bamboo tube with the outer diameter of not less than 10cm and the pipe wall thickness of not less than 4mm into short sections with the length of 30cm, the depth of 50cm and the diameter of 5-10 cm; then sealing the bottom in a heat sealing way, wherein the upper part of the bottom is naturally opened and is not closed, and the bottom is used for coming in and going out of the cylinder after the parent and the larva are metamorphosed so as to ensure the mating and breeding space of the parent; in order to be better blended into the environment, a green PVC pipe is selected or the outer wall of the PVC pipe is coated to be green; (2) drilling a hole with the diameter of more than or equal to 1.2cm at the position where the height of the cut PVC pipe is not more than 20 cm; (3) tightly covering and sealing a longer end of the PVC pipe from the drill hole to the tail end by using a pipe cap until no water leakage exists, and using the PVC pipe as the bottom of the artificial bamboo joint; (4) irrigating water in the artificial bamboo joint in the field, wherein the water depth is not more than 10cm; (5) after water is filled, the top of the artificial bamboo joint is covered by a pipe cap and is coated with glue to prevent the artificial bamboo joint from falling off; (6) fixing the artificial bamboo joint on a trunk which is 1.5m above the ground by using a thin iron wire or a rope.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: according to the method, relevant information is acquired through collection, population rejuvenation and monitoring aiming at the propagation of the tree-dwelling amphibians, bionic attraction guide areas, perching and staying areas and propagation and evolution growth areas are arranged at intervals and in a staggered mode in the area where the artificial amphibian breeding farm needs to be built, and animals are induced into the corresponding areas through an attraction mode, so that the efficient investigation and monitoring of amphibian populations are completed; and inducing the amphibians to enter the artificial breeding farm to inhabit and breed through buzzing playback and/or biochemical information, completing data storage, periodical downloading and replacement by directly using a memory card of a camera or a memory card of a buzzing recorder, and finally monitoring and evaluating an artificial breeding place to complete the construction work of the artificial breeding farm for the amphibians. Therefore, the construction method provided by the application makes full use of the existing related information of the amphibians, constructs and lures the amphibians to enter the artificial breeding farm to perch and breed according to the related information, is simple and convenient, is suitable for constructing the artificial breeding farm of the amphibians in the environment with damaged ecology, achieves the purpose of avoiding the extinction condition of the endangered amphibians, and is particularly suitable for breeding and population expansion of the endangered amphibians caused by human activities or extreme environments.
By applying the trapping and recording two systems, the invention can effectively concentrate species to the area which can be observed and researched in advance, and provides a data collection platform with high utilization rate, high data efficiency and visualization for the related researches such as group breeding ecology, growth and development and the like. Species can be effectively concentrated in a region which can be observed in advance, breeding habitat is increased, and species rejuvenation of amphibians in endangered tree habitats (particularly wood frog, wood frog and the like bred in tree holes) is promoted; the video device is combined to observe the puppet, mating, oviposition, child raising and tadpole early development of species in the whole process, so that the blank in the aspect of research instruments is filled, the labor cost is saved, and the related research work efficiency is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an artificial amphibian breeding farm constructed by the construction method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a breeding farm according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart related to a method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a detailed view of an artificial breeding farm prepared by drilling and watering natural bamboos;
FIG. 5 is a detailed view of an artificial breeding farm which is prepared by drilling and irrigating artificial bamboo joints made of PVC pipes.
Labeled as: the bionic attraction guide area 1, the inhabitation and growth area 2, the propagation and evolution growth area 3, the artificial breeding farm 4, the PVC pipe 5, the bamboo or bamboo forest 6 and the nature-imitated water 7.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, the present invention provides a construction method for facilitating the construction of an artificial amphibian breeding farm in an environment where ecology is destroyed, and an artificial amphibian breeding farm constructed by the construction method. The construction method comprises the steps of selecting regions for constructing the artificial breeding farm and the area of a required site according to the life habit, the inhabitation and breeding environment parameters of the amphibians acquired by a collection platform, arranging bionic attraction guide areas 1, an inhabitation and growth area 2 and a breeding and evolution growth area 3 at intervals and in a staggered mode in the selected regions according to the acquired life habit, the inhabitation and breeding environment parameters of the amphibians, inducing the amphibians to enter the artificial breeding farm to inhabit and breed through sound playback and/or biochemical information, completing data storage, periodical downloading and replacing by directly using a memory card of a camera or a memory card of a sound recorder, and finally monitoring and evaluating the artificial breeding ground to complete the construction work of the artificial breeding farm of the amphibians,
before inducing the amphibians through sound playback and/or biochemical information induction, firstly, utilizing an inducing and recording system, a video monitoring system and a sound recording system to form two sets of visual systems for group rejuvenation and monitoring, and observing the puppet, mating, spawning, rearing and early development of tadpoles in the whole process in the process of inducing the animals to a region which can be observed and researched in advance by combining a video device through an inducing mode, so that the efficient investigation and monitoring of the populations of the amphibians are completed; in the process, typical male even chirping and female response chirping of target species in a research area are collected, a chirping playing software small program which is played circularly is manufactured, and an infrared camera and an automatic chirping recorder are combined to form a self-recording type artificial propagation observation field; and circularly playing the wood frog near the artificial breeding farm by a player in a breeding season by utilizing the artificial breeding observation farm to attract the individual to lay eggs and breed young in the wood frog. The technical scheme provided by the application obtains relevant information through collection, then relevant information obtained by the character of the root is in the region where the artificial amphibian breeding farm needs to be built, the bionic attraction guiding area, the inhabitation growing area and the propagation evolution growing area are arranged at intervals and in a staggered mode, then the amphibian is induced to enter the artificial breeding farm to inhabit and propagate through sound playback and/or biochemical information, data storage, periodical downloading and replacement are completed directly through a memory card of a camera or a memory card of a sound recorder, and finally the artificial breeding farm is monitored and evaluated to complete the building work of the artificial amphibian breeding farm. Therefore, the construction method provided by the application fully utilizes the existing related information of the amphibians, induces the amphibians to enter the artificial breeding farm to perch and breed according to the related information, is simple and convenient, is suitable for constructing the tree-perching type amphibian artificial breeding farm in the environment with damaged ecology, avoids the extinction condition of the endangered amphibians, and is particularly suitable for breeding and population expansion of the endangered amphibians caused by human activities or extreme environments.
In the above embodiment, in order to better observe, count, determine the parameters of the living habit, the habitat and the breeding environment of the amphibian and further create an environment more suitable for the survival of the amphibians, the present application at least comprises the following data when acquiring the data of the living habit, the habitat and the breeding environment of the amphibians,
the life habit data comprises the home domain size, the mobility, the migration distance and the overlapping degree of the individual with different sexes of the amphibian in different seasons, the feeding, breeding and overwintering positions and the habitat requirements of different seasons;
the breeding habitat base data comprise recorded habitat related parameters as well as habitat parameters, elevation and geographical location information of the living and breeding environment of the amphibian species. The basic data of the breeding habitat are acquired and recorded by combining a radio tracking mode, and the acquired habitat type, vegetation type, water body environment index, soil environment index, breeding site type, altitude range, geographical distribution range and actual distribution range are acquired and recorded, and the slope of the upper slope position, the slope of the middle slope position, the slope of the lower slope position, the slope of the steep slope position and the slope of the gentle slope position of the habitat are measured according to a geological compass; according to different slopes, the slope of the perching ground slope, the slope of the middle slope and the slope of the perching ground slope are set to be<5 degrees, the gradient of the steep slope is set as>And the gentle slope gradient is set to be 5-25 degrees, the gentle slope gradient is naturally connected with the surrounding ground, the appropriate nest site area range and size of the estimated species are estimated by using the core density, and the habitat representing the amphibians is judged and selected. Correspondingly, when the region for building the artificial breeding farm is selected, the obtained habitat type, vegetation type, water body environment index, soil environment index, breeding ground type, altitude range, geographical distribution range and actual distribution range are collected and recorded in a radio tracking mode for judgment, and then the region representing the habitat of the amphibious reptile is selected as the camp migration region. Meanwhile, when the area of the required site is determined, the area is obtained by adopting a corresponding formula according to the following mode, the core density estimation is used for publicly estimating the area range and the size of the suitable nest site of the species, a smooth peak kernel function is adopted for fitting observed data points, a real probability distribution curve is simulated, and the Kn (x) =1/h K (x/h) is used as a scaling kernel function for carrying out kernel density calculationDegree estimation, the estimation formula is as follows,
then K is used for fitting the far, small and near probability density, weighted average is taken to obtain N kernel functions, the data + bandwidth of each data point is taken as the parameter of the kernel functions to obtain the N kernel functions, linear superposition is carried out to form an estimation function of the kernel density, the kernel density probability density function is normalized, each point of an output image is traversed, the kernel density estimation value is calculated, the minimum region of a convex polygon is estimated, finally, the animal channel is taken as the center, bead chain type miniature pond groups with different areas and depths are arranged in an outward radiation mode, the amphibian channel is arranged to induce the habitat to determine the area of the required site
Wherein f is a probability density function, K (.) is a kernel function, and h>0 is a smoothing parameter, x 1 ，x 2 ……x n Y1, y2 8230yn are n sample points with the same distribution F independently. The specific monitoring process is that when the artificial nest area of the amphibian induces the amphibian through sound playback and/or biochemical information induction, a fixed breeding place is selected in a breeding season in which male frog sounds are more active, the sound of the amphibian is monitored by using an automatic sound recorder, the sound behavior of a target species is quantified through the sound rate, the individual number of sound males and the long-term dynamic change of sound male populations in the breeding season are estimated, and the sizes of the sound male populations in different places are compared, namely the fixed-point sound monitoring method.
With the aforesaid various parameters that obtain adapt to, the application artificial amphibian breeding farm of course include bionical temptation guide zone 1, perch and grow district 2 and breed evolution growth district 3, 3 crisscross interlude in the breed evolution growth district be in perch and grow district 2 in, bionical temptation guide zone 1 surround perch and grow the outside of district 2. Specifically, the bionic temptation guide area 1 is a middle-low dense planting covered habitat with the vegetation coverage rate of 8% -15% arranged outside the habitat 2, and is configured by taking 1 as species for planting elliptic line pillar chicory, chinese alangium, aralia chinensis, spikenard and wild peony in proportion, planting low herbaceous plants near a bay area, planting shrubbery along the periphery of the bay area, placing withered branches and broken stones, and forming an eight-shaped wall culvert, so that an amphibian concealed and habitat is formed, a habitat range required by the amphibians is calculated according to a nuclear density probability function, and a natural habitat system of the breeding farm and the habitat is built. The habitat 2 combines field observation, pebbles or sand are arranged around and at the bottom of the habitat, and a complex habitat which can meet the requirements of survival, evasion, reproduction, foraging and hibernation of amphibians is built.
The breeding evolution growth area 3 is a 1-2 personal artificial breeding farm which is built in an area with an area larger than 10 square meters in the inhabitation and staying area 2 with a creek and a large fall by combining field observation;
when clustered bamboos or bamboo forests grow in the damaged area of the selected habitat, natural bamboos are used for drilling and watering, and an artificial breeding farm 4 is built; the construction method comprises drilling a hole with diameter larger than 1.2cm in the middle or upper part of the bamboo joint on a trunk or bamboo with 1-1.5 m above the ground, and irrigating water in the cavity in the trunk or bamboo to reach a position with water depth from the bottom of the bamboo joint to half of the hole; wherein, the initial water depth is less than 20cm, the highest water depth is 30cm, 5 pores with the diameter less than 3mm are arranged at the position 30cm away from the bottom, and the water level in the nest is controlled; the drilling tool is a rechargeable electric drill, the irrigation tool is a large-size injector with the volume of more than 100mL, a plastic hose is mounted at the front end of the irrigation tool, the depth of water in the bamboo joint is tested after irrigation, and excessive water can be sucked out;
when no bamboo forest exists in the damaged area of the selected habitat, PVC pipes are adopted to manufacture artificial bamboo joints for drilling and watering, and an artificial breeding farm 4 is built; the construction method comprises the following steps of (1) cutting a PVC pipe or a similar bamboo tube with the outer diameter of not less than 10cm and the pipe wall thickness of not less than 4mm into short sections with the length of 30cm, the depth of 50cm and the diameter of 5-10 cm; then sealing the bottom in a heat sealing way, wherein the upper part of the bottom is naturally opened and is not closed, and the bottom is used for coming in and going out of the cylinder after the parent and the larva are metamorphosed so as to ensure the mating and breeding space of the parent; in order to be better blended into the environment, a green PVC pipe is selected or the outer wall of the PVC pipe is coated to be green; (2) drilling a hole with the diameter of more than or equal to 1.2cm at the position where the height of the cut PVC pipe is not more than 20 cm; (3) covering and sealing the longer end of the PVC pipe from the drilled hole to the tail end by using a pipe cap until the PVC pipe is watertight, and using the PVC pipe as the bottom of the artificial bamboo joint; (4) irrigating the artificial bamboo joints in the field with water depth not more than 10cm; (5) after water is filled, the top of the artificial bamboo joint is covered by a pipe cap and is coated with glue to prevent the artificial bamboo joint from falling off; (6) fixing the artificial bamboo joint on the trunk above 1.5m above the ground by using a thin iron wire or a rope.
In conclusion, the artificial breeding farm for amphibians by adopting the construction method of the application also has the following advantages,
the invention collects basic data of breeding habitat according to factors such as home size, mobility, migration distance, overlapping degree and the like of different sex individuals of amphibians in different seasons and habitat requirements of ingestion, breeding and winter, records habitat related parameters and habitat parameters, altitude and geographical position information of living and breeding environments of amphibian species, collects and records habitat types, vegetation types, water body environment indexes, soil environment indexes, breeding site types, altitude ranges, geographical distribution ranges and actual distribution ranges by combining a radio tracking mode, the habitat of the representative amphibian is judged and selected, the slopes of the perching ground slope, the middle slope and the downhill slope measured by the geological compass are set to be less than 5 degrees, the slope of the steep slope is set to be more than 25 degrees, the slope of the gentle slope is set to be 5 degrees to 25 degrees, the appropriate nest site area range and the size of the species are estimated by using core density estimation (KDE), a place suitable for reproduction and larva development is provided for the amphibian, and the situation that the artificial environment is always different from the natural environment suitable for the amphibian for a long time is avoided. And the structure is simple, the implementation is convenient and simple, the implementation cost is low, and the biological characteristics of species are met.
The method aims at tree-inhabiting amphibian species with seriously damaged habitats, and takes the nearby forest land with high canopy density, flowing stream and large fall as the site selection position for the artificial breeding farm. The method comprises the steps of planting low herbaceous plants in an area close to a bay, simulating the environment, namely a lake and a river water area, arranging natural water sources, drawing water from a brook along the edge of a water circulation brook, then returning to the brook, building a natural habitat system for living through winter, designing and reconstructing an artificial propagation field which accords with species biological characteristics by using habitat analog analysis and site selection, recovering a representative species habitat, promoting population recovery, strengthening management and demonstrating artificial propagation field construction technologies of different species, and increasing the utilization rate of individuals on the artificial propagation field by reproducing sounds of female and male individuals in seasons through playback and attraction.
The invention relates to an artificial reproduction habitat reconstruction technology for tree-inhabited amphibians, which combines field observation to build 1-2 personal artificial reproduction farms in regions which are more than 10 square meters near a forest land with a brook and a large fall, and pebbles or sand are arranged around the habitat to build a complex habitat which can meet the requirements of survival, avoidance, reproduction, foraging and hibernation of the amphibians. The artificial breeding farm is constructed by drilling and irrigating natural bamboos or PVC pipes, so that the damage of the original amphibian breeding ground is remarkably relieved. To a certain extent, contribute to an increase in the population thereof. The survival rate of the offspring of the amphibians can be greatly improved, the population number of the amphibians can be recovered and increased, and reference can be provided for the recovery of the habitats of other amphibians.
Example one
The method adopts the following steps to build the amphibian breeding farm:
Collecting basic data of breeding habitat according to factors such as home size, mobility, migration distance and overlapping degree of different sexes of the amphibians in different seasons and habitat requirements of ingestion, breeding and winter, recording habitat related parameters and habitat parameters, altitude and geographical position information of the living and breeding environment of the amphibians, collecting and recording habitat types, vegetation types, water body environment indexes, soil environment indexes, breeding field types, altitude ranges, geographical distribution ranges and actual distribution ranges in a radio tracking mode, and judging and selecting the habitat representing the amphibiansSetting the slope of the perch, the middle slope and the downhill slope measured by the geological compass as<5 degrees, the gradient of the steep slope is set as>Setting a gentle slope gradient of 25 degrees to be 5-25 degrees, naturally connecting with the surrounding ground, estimating the appropriate nest area range and size of the species by using core density estimation (KDE), fitting observed data points by using a smooth peak function (kernel), simulating a real probability distribution curve, and performing Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) by using Kn (x) =1/h K (x/h) as a scaling kernel function:
fitting the approximate and far probability density by K, taking weighted average to obtain N kernel functions, taking the data + bandwidth of each data point as the parameters of the kernel functions to obtain N kernel functions, then forming an estimation function of the kernel density by linear superposition, traversing each point of an output image by the kernel density probability density function after normalization, calculating the kernel density estimation value, and estimating the optimum area of the convex polygon:
the method comprises the steps of setting bead chain type miniature pond groups with different areas and depths by taking an animal moving range as a center and radiating outwards, and setting an induction range of an amphibious animal habitat, wherein f is a probability density function, K (phi) is a kernel function, and h is a kernel function>0 is a smoothing parameter, x 1 ，x 2 ……x n Y1, y2 \8230ynare n sample points with the same distribution F independently;
step 2: creating a natural habitat simulation environment around an artificial breeding farm of amphibians
Constructing a habitat with medium and low vegetation coverage of 8-15 percent of vegetation coverage, configuring the species of 1: planting elliptic line pillar chicory, chinese alangium, aralia, spine and wild peony in a proportion of 1, planting low and short herbaceous plants in an area close to a bay, simulating the environment, namely arranging natural water sources in lakes and river water areas, collecting road surface runoff, leading water from the brook along the edge of a water circulation brook, then returning to the brook, planting irrigation grass along the periphery of a pond group, placing dead branches and boulders, arranging culverts of splayed walls, forming an animal hiding and resting place, and constructing an amphibian micro-terrain breeding field and an overwintering natural habitat system according to the size of a miniature pond group;
Combining field observation, 1-2 personal artificial breeding farms are built in regions which are more than 10 square meters near forest lands where streams and large fall are located, pebbles or sand are arranged around habitat, and complex habitats which can meet the requirements of survival, avoidance, breeding, foraging and hibernation of amphibians are built.
Construction of artificial breeding field for amphibians
According to species and habitat survey conditions, selecting a habitat with bamboo forests and a region without the bamboo forests, such as a large canyon protection area, a public welfare sea protection station, a sea-in-sea protection station and the like. Firstly, the creation of a natural environment imitation around the artificial breeding farm of the amphibians is carried out. In the process of creating a habitat around an artificial amphibian breeding farm, the planted plant species are mainly planted with cichorium elliptica, chinese alangium, aralia fusca, spine and wild peony in a proportion of 1. The vegetation coverage rate is 8-15%. In places with bamboo forests, natural bamboos are used for drilling and watering. The construction method comprises the following steps: drilling a hole with the diameter of about 1.2cm in the middle or the upper position of the bamboo joint above 1.5m away from the ground, and pouring water into the hole, wherein the water depth is about half of the position from the bottom of the bamboo joint to the hole. The tool for drilling the hole can use a rechargeable electric drill, the tool for irrigating water can use a large-size injector (more than 100 mL), the plastic hose is arranged at the front end, the depth of water in the bamboo joint can be tested after water is irrigated, and excessive water can be sucked out. Valves for controlling the flow rate of water are arranged in front of water inlets of the hatching loop, the spawning pond, the seedling raising pond and the like.
The periphery of the habitat adopts an uncured breeding ground, and only a green stone plate or a thousand-layer stone pavement with intervals of 30cm is arranged so as to facilitate migration and passage of the amphibians.
When clustered bamboos or bamboo forests grow in the areas where the selected habitats are damaged, natural bamboos are used for drilling and watering to build an artificial breeding farm. The construction method comprises the following steps: drilling a hole with the diameter of about 1.2cm in the middle or the upper position of the bamboo joint above 1.5m away from the ground, and pouring water into the hole, wherein the water depth is about half of the position from the bottom of the bamboo joint to the hole. The tool for drilling can use a rechargeable electric drill, the tool for irrigating can use a large-size injector (more than 100 mL), the plastic hose is arranged at the front end, the depth of water in the bamboo joint can be tested after irrigation, and excessive water can be sucked out.
In the area where the selected habitat is damaged and no bamboo forest exists, PVC pipes are adopted to manufacture the artificial bamboo joints. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cutting a PVC pipe with the outer diameter of about 10cm and the pipe wall thickness of about 4mm into a length of 30cm, wherein a green PVC pipe can be selected for better blending into the environment, or the outer wall of the PVC pipe is coated to be green; (2) drilling a hole with the diameter of about 1.2cm at a position of about 20cm of the cut PVC pipe; (3) drilling a hole in the PVC pipe to the end with the longer end, covering the end with a pipe cap, and sticking the end with glue to ensure that the PVC pipe is watertight and is used as the bottom of the artificial bamboo joint; (4) irrigating water in the artificial bamboo joint in the field, wherein the water depth is about 10cm; (5) after water is filled, the top of the artificial bamboo joint is covered by a pipe cap, and glue can be coated to prevent the artificial bamboo joint from falling off; (6) fixing the artificial bamboo joint on the trunk above 1.5m above the ground by using a thin iron wire or a rope. Wherein the PVC pipe 5 is arranged on bamboo or bamboo forest 6, the PVC pipe 5 is stored with imitated natural water 7, and the rest is analogized in the same way.
If the clustered bamboo or bamboo forest does not exist or the bamboo growing conditions are not ideal, the artificial bamboo joints can be hung. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cutting a PVC pipe with the outer diameter of about 10cm and the pipe wall thickness of about 4mm into a length of 30cm, wherein a green PVC pipe can be selected for better environment fusion, or the outer wall of the PVC pipe is coated to be green; (2) drilling a hole with the diameter of about 1.2cm at a position of about 20cm of the cut PVC pipe; (3) drilling a hole in the PVC pipe to the end with the longer end, covering the end with a pipe cap, and sticking the end with glue to ensure that the PVC pipe is watertight and is used as the bottom of the artificial bamboo joint; (4) irrigating water in the artificial bamboo joint in the field, wherein the water depth is about 10cm; (5) after water is filled, the top of the artificial bamboo joint is covered by a pipe cap, and glue can be coated to prevent the artificial bamboo joint from falling off; (6) fixing the artificial bamboo joint on a trunk which is 1.5m above the ground by using a thin iron wire or a rope.
After the artificial breeding farm of the amphibians is built, effect monitoring is synchronously carried out; the effect monitoring of the artificial breeding farm of the amphibians adopts a fixed-point sound monitoring method and a PIT marking and replying method. The method is used for artificially breeding amphibians in a certain protection station. The breeding population effect of the artificial breeding farm is evaluated by a PIT marking recapture method. The result shows that the number of the breeding populations in the nearby area is increased by 5 percent within 1 year after the artificial breeding farm is built. The effect monitoring of the artificial breeding farm of the amphibians adopts a fixed-point sound monitoring method and a PIT marking and replying method. The fixed point buzz monitoring method is mainly used for announcing the suitability of a male in a breeding period by buzz, attracting a female and acquiring a mating opportunity. This chime is species specific, with a unique chime rhythm for each animal; also has individual characteristics, can reflect the health condition of individuals, or drive away competitors and the like. In a breeding season in which male frog buzzing is more active, selecting a fixed breeding place, monitoring the buzzing of the amphibian by using an automatic buzzing recorder, quantifying the buzzing behavior of a target species through a buzzing rate, estimating the number of buzzing males in the breeding season, estimating the long-term dynamic change of buzzing male populations, and comparing the sizes of the buzzing male populations at different places, namely a fixed-point buzzing monitoring method. The marked recapture method is a better method for monitoring species diversity and population dynamics. A PIT marking recapture method mainly includes capturing more than 40 amphibian individuals around an artificial breeding ground for marking, analyzing the amphibian individuals around the artificial breeding ground by adopting two methods of annual recharging and adjacent annual recharging after the amphibian individuals are placed back, and estimating the variation condition of the total number of the individuals in the ground according to the ratio of the number of the markers in recapture.
For amphibian species, corresponding sites are selected, fixed-point whiting monitoring is carried out, whiting monitoring equipment can record the whiting of the amphibian in the environment for 2-5 minutes every 1 hour, the frequency of 2 minutes is recorded in 0.5 hour, and the specific recording frequency needs to be adjusted according to actual conditions. Compared with population data obtained by a traditional population investigation method (a sampling line method, a mark recapture method and the like), the method is used for carrying out comparative analysis, a singing biodiversity monitoring method is established, and long-term biodiversity dynamic change data based on the singing is obtained.
Claims (10)
1. The method for constructing the artificial amphibian breeding farm is characterized by comprising the following steps: the construction method comprises the steps of selecting regions for constructing the artificial breeding farm and the area of a required site according to the life habit, the inhabitation and breeding environment parameters of the amphibians acquired by a collection platform, arranging a bionic attraction guide area (1), an inhabitation and growth area (2) and a breeding and evolution growth area (3) at intervals and in a staggered manner in the selected regions according to the acquired life habit, the inhabitation and breeding environment parameters of the amphibians, inducing the amphibians to enter the artificial breeding farm to inhabit and breed by using a memory card of a camera or a memory card of a sound recorder directly to finish data storage, periodical downloading and replacing, and finally monitoring and evaluating the artificial breeding ground to finish the construction work of the artificial breeding farm of the amphibians,
before inducing the amphibians through sound playback and/or biochemical information induction, firstly, utilizing an inducing and recording system, a video monitoring system and a sound recording system to form two sets of visual systems for group rejuvenation and monitoring, and observing the puppet, mating, spawning, rearing and early development of tadpoles in the whole process in the process of inducing the animals to a region which can be observed and researched in advance by combining a video device through an inducing mode, so that the efficient investigation and monitoring of the populations of the amphibians are completed; in the process, typical male even chirping and female response chirping of target species in a research area are collected, a chirping playing software small program which is played circularly is manufactured, and an infrared camera and an automatic chirping recorder are combined to form a self-recording type artificial propagation observation field; and circularly playing by using the player near the artificial breeding farm in the breeding season by using the artificial breeding observation farm to lure the individual, and attracting the amphibians to lay eggs and breed young in the individual.
2. The method for constructing an artificial amphibian breeding farm according to claim 1, wherein: the method at least comprises the following data when acquiring the life habit, inhabitation and reproduction environment data of the amphibian,
the life habit data comprises the home domain size, the mobility, the migration distance and the overlapping degree of the individual with different sexes of the amphibian in different seasons, the feeding, breeding and overwintering positions and the habitat requirements of different seasons;
the breeding habitat base data comprise recorded habitat related parameters as well as habitat parameters, elevation and geographical location information of the living and breeding environment of the amphibian species.
3. The method for constructing an artificial amphibian breeding farm according to claim 2, wherein: the basic data of the breeding habitat is acquired by combining a radio tracking mode and recording the acquired habitat type, vegetation type, water body environment index, soil environment index, breeding field type, altitude range, geographical distribution range and actual distribution range, and the slope of an ascending slope, the slope of a middle slope, the slope of a descending slope, the slope of a steep slope and the slope of a gentle slope of the habitat, which are measured according to a geological compass; according to different slopes, the slope of the perch ground slope, the slope of the intermediate slope and the slope of the perch slope are all set to be less than 5 degrees, the slope of the steep slope is set to be more than 25 degrees, the slope of the gentle slope is set to be 5 degrees to 25 degrees, the gentle slope is naturally connected with the surrounding ground, the area range and the size of the suitable perch area and the suitable artificial breeding farm for building of the species are estimated by core density estimation, and the habitat representing the amphibians is judged and selected.
4. A method for constructing an artificial amphibian breeding farm according to claim 3, wherein: when the region for building the artificial breeding farm is selected, the obtained habitat type, vegetation type, water body environment index, soil environment index, breeding field type, altitude range, geographical distribution range and actual distribution range are collected and recorded in a radio tracking mode for judgment, and then the region representing the habitat of the amphibians is selected as an camp migration region.
5. The method for constructing an artificial amphibian breeding farm according to claim 4, wherein: when determining the area of the required site, adopting a corresponding formula to obtain the area of the required site according to the following mode, disclosing the range and the size of the suitable nest site area of the estimated species by using the following core density estimation formula, adopting a smooth peak kernel function to fit the observed data points, simulating a real probability distribution curve, and carrying out core density estimation by using Kn (x) =1/h K (x/h) as a scaling kernel function, wherein the core density estimation formula is as follows,
then K is used for fitting the approximate probability density, weighted average is taken to obtain N kernel functions, the data + bandwidth of each data point is used as the parameter of the kernel functions to obtain the N kernel functions, linear superposition is carried out to form an estimation function of the kernel density, the kernel density probability function is normalized, each point of an output image is traversed, the kernel density estimation value is calculated, the most suitable area of a convex polygon is estimated, finally, the animal habitat is used as the center, bead chain type miniature pond groups with different areas and depths are arranged by radiating outwards, and the area of the field required to be built by the amphibians is arranged
Wherein f is a probability density function, K (.) is a kernel function, and h>0 is a smoothing parameter, x 1 ，x 2 ……x n Y1, y2, 8230yn are n sample points with the same distribution F independently.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: when the artificial nest of the amphibian induces the amphibian through buzzing playback and/or biochemical information attraction, a fixed breeding place is selected in a breeding season in which the song of the male frog is more active, the song of the amphibian is monitored by using an automatic song recorder, the song behavior of a target species is quantified through the song rate, the individual number of song males and the long-term dynamic change of song male populations in the breeding season are estimated, and the sizes of the song male populations in different places are compared, so that the fixed-point song monitoring method is obtained.
7. An artificial amphibian breeding farm constructed by the construction method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein: the artificial breeding farm for the amphibians comprises a bionic attraction guide area (1), a perching and growth area (2) and a breeding and evolution growth area (3), wherein the breeding and evolution growth area (3) is staggered and inserted in the perching and growth area (2), and the bionic attraction guide area (1) surrounds the outer side of the perching and growth area (2).
8. An amphibian artificial reproduction farm according to claim 7, wherein: the bionic temptation guide area (1) is a middle-low dense planting covered habitat with the vegetation coverage rate of 8% -15% and arranged outside the habitat long stay area (2), the species of 1.
9. An amphibian artificial reproduction farm according to claim 7, wherein: the habitat growing area (2) is a complex habitat which is constructed by arranging pebbles or sand around and at the bottom of the habitat in combination with field observation and meets the requirements of survival, avoidance, breeding, foraging and hibernation of amphibians.
10. An amphibian artificial reproduction farm according to claim 7, wherein: the breeding, evolution and growth area (3) is a 1-2 personal artificial breeding farm which is built in an area with the area more than 10 square meters in the inhabitation and growth area (2) with a creek and large fall by combining field observation;
when clustered bamboos or trunks grow in a damaged area of the selected habitat, drilling and irrigating by using natural bamboos or trunks, and constructing an artificial breeding farm (4); the construction method comprises drilling a hole with diameter larger than 1.2cm on a trunk with 1-1.5 m above the ground or in the middle or upper part of a bamboo joint, and irrigating water in the trunk or a drilling cavity in the bamboo to reach a position with water depth from the bottom of the bamboo joint to half of the hole; wherein, the initial water depth is less than 20cm, the highest water depth is 30cm, 5 pores with the diameter less than 3mm are arranged at the position 30cm away from the bottom, and the water level in the nest is controlled; the drilling tool is a rechargeable electric drill, the irrigation tool is a large-size injector with the volume of more than 100mL, the plastic hose is arranged at the front end of the irrigation tool, the depth of water in the bamboo joint is tested after irrigation, and excessive water can be sucked out;
when no bamboo forest exists in the damaged area of the selected habitat, PVC pipes are adopted to manufacture artificial bamboo joints for drilling and watering, and an artificial breeding farm (4) is built; the construction method comprises the following steps of (1) cutting a PVC pipe or a similar bamboo tube with the outer diameter of not less than 10cm and the pipe wall thickness of not less than 4mm into short sections with the length of 30cm, the depth of 50cm and the diameter of 5-10 cm; then sealing the bottom in a heat sealing way, wherein the upper part of the bottom is naturally opened and is not closed, and the bottom is used for coming in and going out of the cylinder after the parent and the larva are metamorphosed so as to ensure the mating and breeding space of the parent; in order to be better integrated into the environment, a green PVC pipe is selected or the outer wall of the PVC pipe is coated to be green; (2) drilling a hole with the diameter of more than or equal to 1.2cm at the position where the height of the cut PVC pipe is not more than 20 cm; (3) tightly covering and sealing a longer end of the PVC pipe from the drill hole to the tail end by using a pipe cap until no water leakage exists, and using the PVC pipe as the bottom of the artificial bamboo joint; (4) irrigating water in the artificial bamboo joint in the field, wherein the water depth is not more than 10cm; (5) after water is filled, the top of the artificial bamboo joint is covered by a pipe cap and is coated with glue to prevent the artificial bamboo joint from falling off; (6) fixing the artificial bamboo joint on a trunk which is 1.5m above the ground by using a thin iron wire or a rope.
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| CN107006424A (en) * | 2017-04-16 | 2017-08-04 | 贵州黔东南桥水农业科技开发有限责任公司 | A kind of wild Rana boulengeri chartering cost method |
| CN207284833U (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2018-05-01 | 北京中农纯静园林科技有限公司 | Natural enemy proliferation of propagation inhabites device from release |
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| CN111011305A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 南大（常熟）研究院有限公司 | Luke bird habitat restoration method based on pond-withdrawing forest-returning wet-returning engineering |
| CN113852867A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-12-28 | 天翼智慧家庭科技有限公司 | Program recommendation method and device based on kernel density estimation |
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| US7958848B2 (en) * | 2009-05-30 | 2011-06-14 | Mahmoud Bahmani | Method for artificial breeding of farmed sturgeon |
| US20170265443A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-21 | Delta Five, Llc | Insect Harborage and Feeding System |
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| CN111011305A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 南大（常熟）研究院有限公司 | Luke bird habitat restoration method based on pond-withdrawing forest-returning wet-returning engineering |
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