KR101801078B1 - Nano sized liquid crystal display apparatus and manufacturing method of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The nano liquid crystal display of the present invention comprises a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode and forming a vertical electric field, a nano liquid crystal capsule layer interposed between the first and second electrodes, And a second polarizing plate.
The liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a patterned first electrode and a second electrode that is not patterned to form an electric field irregularly so that liquid crystal molecules having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy have high aperture ratio characteristics, Lt; / RTI >

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a nano liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the same,

The present invention relates to a nano liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a nano liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal capsule having an average diameter of nano-sized and driven by applying a vertical electric field to the liquid crystal capsule, .

In general, a liquid crystal display device is manufactured in such a manner that a liquid crystal is injected (injected) or dropped between two substrates to form a liquid crystal layer between both substrates. In this case, in order to control the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules according to the vertical electric field, the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display device is initially arranged in the vertical direction or in the horizontal direction through the alignment film, . When the liquid crystal molecules are initially oriented horizontally or vertically and the electric field is formed through the (+) and (-) electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules have positive dielectric anisotropy (Δε> 0) according to their dielectric anisotropy And when they have a negative dielectric constant anisotropy (DELTA epsilon < 0), they tend to align perpendicularly to the electric field direction. Using the dielectric anisotropy property of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal display element controls the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules through an external electric field to adjust the light transmittance.

Conventionally, a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device to which vertical alignment liquid crystal is applied uses a liquid crystal molecule having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy (DELTA epsilon < 0). If a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy (?? &Gt; 0) is used in a liquid crystal display device, since the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the direction of the vertical electric field, the birefringence? Nzd is not induced, ) Mode becomes difficult to implement. Therefore, a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy is generally used for the electrode structure of the vertical electric field system. However, it is generally known that a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy has a large refractive index anisotropy (? N) or a large dielectric anisotropy (? E). In this case, it is difficult to derive a high Kerr constant required in the nano liquid crystal display device of the present invention. In addition, liquid crystals having a negative dielectric anisotropy have a problem in that production of the liquid crystal material is complicated and the price is higher than that of a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy.

In addition, the conventional transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device has a structure in which the common electrode and the pixel electrode are arranged on a single substrate at the same time and has a complicated pattern shape of a fine line width. In addition, when forming these two types of electrodes, there is a disadvantage in that the yield of the panel manufacturing is lowered through various patterning steps including an insulating film process.

That is, each of the conventional nano liquid crystal display devices basically adopts a transverse electric field electrode structure. In this case, since the common electrode and the pixel electrode must be formed on the same plane, the process is complicated and complicated. Therefore, despite the excellent effect of simplifying the manufacturing process (no alignment film process is unnecessary, rubbing process is unnecessary, spacer application is unnecessary, and liquid crystal injection process is unnecessary), which is an advantage of manufacturing a nano liquid crystal display device, The patterning process of the microelectrode was necessary.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-183937 (published on July 9, 1999) Patent Document 2: Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2011-0095634 (Published Aug. 25, 2011)

The present invention provides a nano liquid crystal display device of a vertical electric field type and a method of manufacturing the same, which do not require a complex microelectrode patterning process which is required when applying a conventional transverse electric field electrode structure. The vertical electric field type nano liquid crystal display device of the present invention also provides a vertical electric field type nano liquid crystal display device capable of applying a liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy (??> 0) and a method of manufacturing the same.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a vertical electric field type nano liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy, which can solve various problems of the liquid crystal display device of the conventional lateral electric field type.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy which can solve various problems of the liquid crystal display device of the conventional lateral electric field system .

The object of the present invention is achieved by a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising a first substrate, a patterned first electrode disposed on the first surface of the first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, A liquid crystal capsule layer and a liquid crystal capsule layer interposed between the first and second substrates, wherein at least one liquid crystal capsule is dispersed in the binding matrix and is present in the form of a film, And exhibits optically isotropic properties when the voltage is not applied and is optically anisotropic proportional to the square of the electric field intensity when voltage is applied.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device comprising a single substrate, a patterned first electrode disposed on the first side of the substrate, and a second electrode covering the first electrode of the substrate, wherein one or more liquid crystal capsules are dispersed in the binding matrix, The second electrode and the liquid crystal capsule layer interposed between the liquid crystal capsule layer and the upper portion of the liquid crystal capsule layer are optically isotropic when no voltage is applied and exhibit optical anisotropy proportional to the square of the electric field intensity when voltage is applied The present invention can be achieved by a nano liquid crystal display device.

The present invention can bring about the following effects.

It is possible to provide a vertical electric field liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal material having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy which is not used by conventional vertical electric field liquid crystal display devices while an irregular electric field is formed according to the electrode structure according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention .

In addition, complicated and fine electrode patterns are not used, an electric field can be applied to the liquid crystal layer, and the electrode manufacturing process can be simplified.

According to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, since the electrode of the top plate uses the patternless patterned electrode, the vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device can be manufactured only by electrode printing without using the substrate of the top plate, .

In addition, the liquid crystal display according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention does not require the initial alignment of the liquid crystal molecules because the liquid crystal capsules are manufactured by dispersing the liquid crystal capsules in the binding matrix. As a result, it is not necessary to dispose an additional alignment film and the alignment film formation process can be eliminated, thereby simplifying the process and reducing the cost.

1 is a configuration diagram of a transmissive liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
2 is an explanatory view for explaining a pattern shape of a first electrode provided on a first substrate;
3 is an explanatory view for explaining the operation principle of a conventional vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device.
4 is an explanatory view for explaining the reason why the shape of the first electrode pattern provided on the first substrate must be within the range.
5 is a sectional view of a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device without a top plate according to another embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail.

It is to be understood that the present invention is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a transmissive liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a patterned first electrode disposed on one surface of the substrate, A liquid crystal capsule layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, at least one liquid crystal structure including a first polarizer and a second polarizer.

The nano liquid crystal display of the present invention comprises a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode and forming a vertical electric field, a nano liquid crystal capsule layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, And a second polarizing plate.

A color filter layer (not shown) may be additionally disposed on the second substrate between the second substrate and the second electrode so that light passing through the liquid crystal capsule layer can be filtered into red, green, and blue. Such a color filter layer may include a red color filter capable of emitting red light, a green color filter capable of realizing green light, and a blue color filter capable of realizing blue light.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the color filter layer may include a magenta color filter capable of realizing a magenta color, a yellow color filter capable of realizing a yellow color, and a cyan color filter capable of realizing a cyan color, .

The first substrate and the second substrate are transparent insulating substrates, and may be made of a plastic material such as glass or polymer. Particularly, when a substrate made of a plastic material is employed, it is preferable to constitute a substrate having excellent light transmittance and no birefringence effect. Examples of the material of the plastic substrate that meets the above object include a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, a polyether sulfone (PES), a cycloolefin copolymer (COC) It is preferable to use at least one selected from polyarylate (PAR), but not always limited thereto.

The first electrode interposed between the first and second substrates may include at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide, tin oxide, A transparent conductive material such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or the like. These may be used alone or in combination with each other. The transparent conductive material is formed as a thin film on a substrate in a vacuum state through deposition or sputtering.

In the embodiments of the present invention, the first electrode provided on the first substrate may be provided with a plurality of pixel regions (not shown in the figure) for displaying an image. In such pixel regions, wirings such as a gate line, a data line and the like and switching elements such as a thin film transistor (TFT) may be additionally arranged to display an image.

In the embodiments of the present invention, the first electrode provided on the first substrate may have a predetermined pattern. The pattern structure of the first electrode is as shown in FIG.

As can be seen from Fig. 2, the first electrode should be patterned with the interval l between the electrodes being equal or greater than the width w of the electrodes. That is, the ratio of width to spacing ( w / l ) must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1. This is because the direction of the electric field generated between the patterned first electrode and the unpatterned second electrode can be irregularly formed along the shape of the first electrode as shown in FIG. In addition, the birefringence (? N · d) value induced in the horizontal direction can be increased when a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy is applied as long as the interval between the electrodes is wider than the electrode width.

In such a vertical electric field type structure, liquid crystal molecules having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy are aligned in response to an electric field formed in a horizontal direction, so that a nano liquid crystal display device having improved driving characteristics without using liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy Can be provided.

In embodiments of the present invention, the second electrode is disposed on a second substrate facing the first substrate. The second electrode may be made of a transparent conductive material having a property of transmitting light and may be the same or different from the transparent conductive material of the first electrode. However, the second electrode is used in the form of a common electrode which is not patterned unlike the first electrode. Thus, there is an advantage that the electrode patterning process can be omitted by applying the non-patterned common electrode of the second electrode. In addition, there is no need to separately form a protective layer to protect the liquid crystal capsule layer by applying the second substrate having the second electrode formed thereon.

As described above, a nano liquid crystal capsule layer is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The nano-liquid crystal capsule layer may include a nano-sized liquid crystal domain and a polymer matrix. The nano-liquid crystal capsules have nano-sized particle shapes, and liquid crystal molecules can be randomly arranged in random directions within the liquid crystal capsules.

The liquid crystal capsule layer may be formed as a kind of film in which nano-sized liquid crystal domains are dispersed in a polymer matrix. The liquid crystal domain may have a diameter smaller than a visible light wavelength (400 nm to 800 nm) because the degree of scattering varies depending on the size of the liquid crystal domain when light passes through the liquid crystal capsule layer. The smaller the size of the liquid crystal domain, the smaller the light scattering phenomenon. Preferably, the liquid crystal domain having a small diameter of 200 nm or less of the visible light wavelength can minimize the scattering phenomenon. Experimental results show that when the average particle size of the liquid crystal domain is reduced to 200 nm or less, the light scattering phenomenon is remarkably reduced. When the average particle size is reduced to 100 nm or less, the light scattering phenomenon does not occur.

The method of manufacturing the liquid crystal domain constituting the nano liquid crystal capsule layer may be carried out by a method such as Coacervation, In-situ Polymerization, Interfacial Polymerization, Evaporation method (Solvent Evaporation) or the like. The liquid crystal type used in manufacturing the liquid crystal capsule layer is preferably a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy because the Kerr effect is large when the electric field is applied It is possible to induce it. Here, the Kerr effect refers to a phenomenon that exhibits optical anisotropy in proportion to the square of an electric field (E) when an electric field is initially applied to a transparent isotropic medium. It was first discovered by John Kerr in 1875. In other words, when the birefringence (? N) value induced by the electric field indicates the wavelength of the light passing through the medium,? N = K?? E ² . At this time, K is a proportional constant determined by the physical properties of the material forming the liquid crystal capsule layer as a Kerr constant and the structure of the electrode. In particular, in terms of driving voltage, it is advantageous that the larger the effect is, the larger the refractive index anisotropy (DELTA n) and the dielectric anisotropy (DELTA epsilon) of the liquid crystal are. In detail, the refractive index anisotropy is preferably 0.2 or more and the dielectric anisotropy is preferably 10 or more.

In the embodiments of the present invention, since a liquid crystal capsule having a nano-sized diameter smaller than the wavelength of light in the visible light region (400 to 800 nm) is applied to a nano liquid crystal display device, ) State, the light in the visible light region is transmitted as it is because it exhibits optical isotropy characteristic. As a result, the nano liquid crystal display of the present invention does not require a separate alignment layer for controlling the alignment of liquid crystal molecules like a conventional vertical alignment liquid crystal display device. Therefore, unlike the conventional vertical alignment liquid crystal display device, printing and rubbing processes for forming an alignment film are omitted, and the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device can be simplified.

The liquid crystal can be applied to a display due to its unique property called anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecule. Liquid crystals have two important properties: optical anisotropy and dielectric anisotropy. By utilizing the unique properties of liquid crystal molecules, it is possible to control the intensity of an electric field that is artificially applied from the outside, And the light transmission amount is controlled by controlling the arrangement direction.

The conventional vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device operates by adjusting the light transmittance by controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules through an electric field by applying a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy (DELTA epsilon < 0). 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) show the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in a power off state, Fig. 3 (b) In which the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules is changed.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the conventional vertical alignment liquid crystal display device, alignment films are arranged on the substrates of the upper and lower substrates to orient liquid crystal molecules in a vertical direction at an initial stage. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the vertical direction by the alignment film, so that the light passing through the liquid crystal passes through the liquid crystal molecules without being refracted by the liquid crystal molecules. That is, a black mode can be implemented.

Liquid crystal molecules used in conventional vertical alignment liquid crystal displays use liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric anisotropy (DELTA epsilon < 0), and when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction perpendicular to the electric field direction So that light passing through the liquid crystal is refracted. At this time, a gray mode or a white mode may be implemented according to the intensity of the voltage.

Any liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy (DELTA epsilon < 0) or a positive dielectric anisotropy (DELTA epsilon > 0) can be used as the liquid crystal material usable in the present invention, (??> 0) was used. This is because the liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy is advantageous in increasing the refractive index anisotropy (? N) and the dielectric anisotropy (? E). The nano liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be explained by the Kerr effect. However, since the operating voltage is lower and the luminance is more advantageous as the Kerr effect is larger, the nano liquid crystal display device has a larger effect The larger the value, the better the drive. One of the most widely applied methods to increase the Kerr effect is to increase the physical properties of the liquid crystal material, particularly, the refractive index anisotropy (Δn) and the dielectric anisotropy (Δε).

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an operation state of a vertical electric field type nano liquid crystal display device as a representative example of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a liquid crystal capsule layer in which a first electrode is interposed between a first substrate formed by patterning under the condition of FIG. 2 and a second substrate formed by the second electrode in an unpatterned state, and a second polarizer And a polarizing plate.

When no voltage is applied to the nano liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal molecules in each of the liquid crystal capsules, which are dispersed in the polymer matrix and constitute the liquid crystal capsule layer, may be randomly arranged in an arbitrary direction. When the average diameter of the liquid crystal capsules constituting the liquid crystal capsule layer is less than 1/4 of the visible light wavelength range (400 nm to 800 nm) (that is, 200 nm or less) The scattering is abruptly reduced.

As mentioned above, the liquid crystal capsules constituting the liquid crystal capsule layer preferably have a smaller average diameter of the liquid crystal capsules in order to minimize scattering of light. However, for use as a display device, it is preferable that the liquid crystal capsules have an average diameter of more than 100 nm and less than 200 nm. This is because when the average diameter of the liquid crystal capsules is larger than 200 nm, scattering of light passing through the liquid crystal capsule layer increases sharply. In addition, when the average diameter of the liquid crystal capsules is reduced to 100 nm or less, scattering of light passing through the liquid crystal capsule layer hardly occurs, which is advantageous in terms of minimizing scattering characteristics. As a result of the experiment of the present invention, Is practically difficult to manufacture and the driving voltage increases to a level that is not suitable for a display device as the capsule size is reduced. Therefore, it is considered that the average diameter of less than 100 nm is not realistic for display applications.

Due to such characteristics, when a liquid crystal capsule layer composed of a liquid crystal capsule having an average diameter of more than 100 nm and less than 200 nm passes through incident light from outside, the scattering phenomenon is minimized so that light incident through the first polarizer plate is transmitted through the liquid crystal capsule layer And is blocked by the second polarizing plate whose polarization axis is in orthogonal state to realize a dark state which is the darkest state.

4, when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy existing in the liquid crystal capsule dispersed in the liquid crystal capsule layer are patterned And are arranged in the direction of the irregularly formed electric field generated between the first electrode and the second electrode that is not patterned. When the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal capsule are arranged in the direction of the electric field, the birefringence (? N?) Effect occurs in the liquid crystal capsule layer because the liquid crystal molecules exhibit a certain directionality. As a result, the light passing through the liquid crystal capsule layer is changed in polarized state, so that light passing through the first polarizer can pass through the second polarizer, thereby realizing a gray state or a white state.

As shown in the figure, liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric anisotropy (DELTA epsilon < 0) in the vertical direction of an irregularly formed electric field can also be arranged, but negative dielectric anisotropy ) Is difficult to precisely control the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, when a liquid crystal molecule having a negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε <0) is applied, it is difficult to control the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy (Δε> 0) Lt; / RTI > Therefore, in the present invention, a nano liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy is applied for the purpose of improving display characteristics is proposed.

5 illustrates a structure of a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device without a top plate according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the drawing, in the case of FIG. 4, a transparent insulating layer and a transparent protective film are added in place of the second substrate. If the transparent insulating layer and the transparent protective layer are applied without using the second substrate, the overall thickness of the panel can be reduced and flexibility is improved. In particular, when a plastic substrate is used as the first substrate, flexibility is maximized.

As shown in the figure, unlike the case of FIG. 4, the method of FIG. 5 is formed by directly applying a conductive layer to be used as a second electrode on the liquid crystal capsule layer. At this time, since an electrode is directly formed on the liquid crystal capsule layer, an insulating film is required in the middle in order to prevent damage to the liquid crystal capsule layer and prevent short-circuiting with the first electrode. Such an insulating film material may be made of an insulating material such as a transparent polymer having excellent light transmittance and excellent insulating property. For example, the insulating film material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide (PI), parylene, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylphenol, polymethyl methacrylate ) And polyurethane, but it is not always limited to this.

In embodiments of the present invention, the material of the conductive layer forming the second electrode may be the same as or different from the electrode material of the first electrode. For example, a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide, tin oxide, fluorine-doped zinc oxide (FTO) (PEDOT: PSS), poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), Graphene, silver nanowires (AgNW), and carbon nanotube (CNT) films. These may be used alone or in combination with each other.

In the embodiments of the present invention, the transparent protective layer formed on the second electrode functions not only to protect the second electrode, but also to protect the liquid crystal capsule layer from moisture or air that may flow from the outside. can do. As the material of the transparent protective film, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of an overcoat excellent in processability, a photo-curable UV resin, a silicone resin and a urethane resin with no refractive index anisotropy.

The vertical electric field type liquid crystal display device to which such a single substrate is applied can remove the second substrate, thereby reducing the cost of the liquid crystal display device.

6 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

First, a patterned first electrode is formed on a first substrate. The conductive layer is formed by patterning after depositing, sputtering or coating a conductive layer with a transparent conductive material by adjusting the interval and width of the electrode as shown in FIG.

Then, a liquid crystal capsule layer is formed on the first substrate on which the first electrode is formed. Specifically, the liquid crystal capsule layer can be coated on the substrate by coating the liquid crystal capsule solution with various coating means (slit coating, blade coating, bar coating, spin coating).

Then, the coated liquid crystal capsule layer is dried by applying heat or temperature. At this time, it is preferable to select a temperature within a range that does not affect the liquid crystal capsule. Preferably 50 ° C to 80 ° C, depending on the thickness of the coating.

Then, the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded together. Specifically, a transparent adhesive or an adhesive is applied to either one of the first substrate and the second substrate, and then the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded together with the liquid crystal capsule layer interposed therebetween. UV curable or thermosetting adhesives can be used as the adhesive which can be used at this time, and OCA (Optically Clear Adhesive) can be applied as a pressure sensitive adhesive. Alternatively, the first substrate and the second substrate may be bonded together by lamination of two substrates while applying heat by using the properties of the binding matrix constituting the liquid crystal capsule layer.

7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Since the processes up to the case of the first embodiment in Fig. 6 and formation of the liquid crystal capsule layer are the same, the subsequent steps will be described as follows.

After the liquid crystal capsule layer is formed, a transparent insulating film is coated and dried. Specifically, the insulating layer may be formed of an insulating material such as a transparent polymer. For example, the insulating film may be formed of a material such as polyimide (PI), parylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylphenol .

Then, a second electrode is printed on the dried transparent insulating film to form a vertical electric field with the first electrode. The second electrode is formed of a transparent conductive material and is formed without a pattern. Examples of such a transparent conductive material include indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and tin oxide doped with fluorine. Examples of the transparent conductive material include graphene, carbon nanotube (CNT), silver nano wire (Ag- PEDOT (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), PANI (polyaniline), polypyrrole, and the like.

Then, a transparent protective film may be formed on the second electrode. The transparent protective layer may function not only to protect the second electrode, but also to protect the liquid crystal capsule layer from moisture or air that may flow from the outside. As a material of such a transparent protective film, an overcoat excellent in processability, a photo-curable UV resin, a silicone resin, and a urethane resin may be preferable, since they have no refractive index anisotropy.

In the following description of the embodiments of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present disclosure rather unclear.

The terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as a first component. And / or &lt; / RTI &gt; includes any combination of a plurality of related listed items or any of a plurality of related listed items.

It is to be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected or connected to the other element, . On the other hand, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another element, it should be understood that there are no other elements in between.

The terminology used in this application is used only to describe a specific embodiment and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present application, the terms "comprises" or "having" and the like are used to specify that there is a feature, a number, a step, an operation, an element, a component or a combination thereof described in the specification, But do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

In addition, the components shown in the embodiments of the present invention are shown independently to represent different characteristic functions, which does not mean that each component is composed of separate hardware or software constituent units. That is, each constituent unit is included in each constituent unit for convenience of explanation, and at least two constituent units of the constituent units may be combined to form one constituent unit, or one constituent unit may be divided into a plurality of constituent units to perform a function. The integrated embodiments and separate embodiments of the components are also included within the scope of the present invention, unless they depart from the essence of the present invention.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the relevant art and are to be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in the present application Do not.

Claims (27)

A first substrate; A patterned first electrode disposed on the first substrate; A second substrate facing the first substrate; A second electrode disposed on the second substrate so as to face the first electrode; And a liquid crystal capsule layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and having a plurality of liquid crystal capsules dispersed in a binding matrix and present in a film form,
The liquid crystal capsule may include:
Liquid crystal molecules having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy exist in the form surrounded by the outer wall of the polymer material and are formed in an average diameter size of 100 nm to 200 nm,
Wherein the liquid crystal capsule layer comprises:
Is optically isotropic when the voltage is not applied and exhibits optical anisotropy proportional to the square of the electric field intensity when voltage is applied,
Wherein the first electrode comprises:
Wherein the pattern is patterned such that the electrode line width w and the length l between the electrodes satisfy a condition of 0 < w / l &amp;le; 1.
delete delete delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the plurality of liquid crystal capsules are dispersed in a polymeric binding matrix.
delete The method according to claim 1,
A first polarizer disposed on a bottom surface of the first substrate; And a second polarizer disposed on an upper surface of the second substrate.
8. The method of claim 7,
And the optical axes of the first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged at right angles to each other (90 degrees).
delete A single substrate; A patterned first electrode disposed on the substrate; A liquid crystal capsule layer covering the first electrode, wherein a plurality of liquid crystal capsules are dispersed in a binding matrix and exist in a film form; And a second electrode disposed on the liquid crystal capsule layer and not patterned,
The liquid crystal capsule may include:
Liquid crystal molecules having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy exist in the form surrounded by the outer wall of the polymer material and are formed in an average diameter size of 100 nm to 200 nm,
Wherein the liquid crystal capsule layer comprises:
Is optically isotropic when the voltage is not applied and exhibits optical anisotropy proportional to the square of the electric field intensity when voltage is applied,
Wherein the first electrode comprises:
Wherein the pattern is patterned such that the electrode line width w and the length l between the electrodes satisfy a condition of 0 < w / l &amp;le; 1.
delete delete delete 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the plurality of liquid crystal capsules are dispersed in a polymeric binding matrix.
delete 11. The method of claim 10,
The second electrode may include at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide, tin oxide, fluorine-doped zinc oxide (FTO) (PEDOT: PSS), Graphene, silver nanowire (AgNW), carbon nanotube (CNT), poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PANI (polyaniline), and polypyrrole And at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is formed.
delete delete 11. The method of claim 10,
And a transparent protective layer provided on the liquid crystal capsule layer.
20. The method of claim 19,
Wherein the transparent protective film is formed of at least one selected from an overcoat, a photo-curable UV resin, a silicone resin, and a urethane resin.
11. The method of claim 10,
A first polarizer disposed on a bottom surface of the substrate; And a second polarizer disposed on the upper surface of the liquid crystal capsule layer.
22. The method of claim 21,
And the optical axes of the first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged at right angles to each other (90 degrees).
delete Forming a patterned first electrode on the first substrate; Forming an un-patterned second electrode on the second substrate; Forming a liquid crystal capsule layer covering the first electrode and having a plurality of liquid crystal capsules dispersed in a polymeric binding matrix in a film form; And bonding the first substrate and the second substrate with the liquid crystal capsule layer interposed therebetween,
The liquid crystal capsule may include:
Liquid crystal molecules having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy exist in the form surrounded by the outer wall of the polymer material and are formed in an average diameter size of 100 nm to 200 nm,
Wherein the liquid crystal capsule layer comprises:
Is optically isotropic when the voltage is not applied and exhibits optical anisotropy proportional to the square of the electric field intensity when voltage is applied,
Wherein the first electrode comprises:
Wherein the pattern is patterned such that the electrode line width w and the length l between the electrodes satisfy a condition of 0 < w / l &amp;le; 1.
25. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the forming of the liquid crystal capsule layer is performed by applying a coating solution containing the liquid crystal capsules onto the first substrate on which the first electrodes are patterned.
25. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate comprises applying a transparent adhesive or a pressure sensitive adhesive on the first substrate or the second substrate and then cementing the first substrate or the second substrate.
25. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate is performed by a lamination process.

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