KR101777713B1 - The rag layer processing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for processing an emulsion type rag layer generated from a desalter installed in a petrochemical refinery, and more specifically, relates to a rag layer processing device capable of removing impurities to obtain oil and beneficial substances from a rag layer. The device includes: a rag layer supply device improving fluidity and enabling high pressure pumping; a sub solvent supply device supplying a high pressure sub solvent; a supercritical reaction device making a supercritical reaction by receiving the rag layer and the sub solvent from the rag layer supply device and the sub solvent supply device; a supercritical releasing device releasing a supercritical condition set on the supercritical reaction device; and a phase separation device separating beneficial substances by performing phase separation to the rag layer which has been released from the supercritical condition through the supercritical releasing device.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a rag layer processing device for obtaining a useful material in a rag layer,

The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating a rag layer in an emulsion state generated in a desalter installed in a petrochemical refinery, and more particularly, to an apparatus for treating an emulsion state rag layer in a rag layer, And a lag layer processing apparatus for removing impurities so as to obtain useful materials.

Crude oil can be largely divided into traditional crude oil and non-conventional oil.

Unconventional crude oil contains much impurities compared to traditional crude oil, but it is not produced. However, it is more expensive than traditional crude oil reserves, and its price is cheap. On the other hand, due to the development of refining technology, .

In other words, as the global heavy oil crisis accelerates, the reserves of traditional crude oil from the Middle East gradually decrease and the reserves of non-traditional crude oil (ultra-fine crude oil, high-grade crude oil and oil sands) reach 30 ~ 40% , An efficient refining process for unconventional crude oil is attracting attention. Canada, which is most active in the development of non-traditional crude oil, is opening an oil sands development and introducing incentive programs to encourage investment companies. In addition, high-grade crude oil is mainly produced in West Africa, North Sea, China, and South America. As the production of high-grade crude oil is gradually increasing due to its profitability, especially in West Africa and South America, It is leading. In addition, due to the rapid economic development of emerging countries such as China, India and Southeast Asia, demand for crude oil and petroleum products is expected to surge in the near future. Accordingly, major countries in the country, including major crude oil, high-grade crude oil, bitumen, shale oil, We are actively promoting the policy of diversification of crude oil introduction and development of related technology through introduction.

Unlike conventional crude oil, unconventional crude oil contains a large amount of impurities of various components, which causes a lot of problems when it is added to a conventional refinery without any pretreatment. Among the untreated crude oil, high-grade crude oil has an API value of 22, and it contains not only super-high quality components such as asphaltene, but also lead acid and calcium lead acid are contained in 2 to 4 wt% depending on the kind of crude oil. Thus, total acid number ) Is higher than 4 mg KOH / g and calcium (Ca) content is higher than 250 ppm. Therefore, when it is added without proper pretreatment for the conventional purification process, it causes corrosion of very serious apparatus and clogging.

On the other hand, crude oil has a very low API value of 12 and a very high asphaltene content of 10 to 15% by weight and a heavy metal content of 200 ppm and a sulfur content of 6% by weight such as vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) It is very difficult to separate crude oil from the flour base because it is difficult to separate oil and water between the crude oil and the water in the flame-retarder, because the specific gravity of crude oil and water are similar to each other. In addition, lead acid / calcium lead acid and asphaltene form a very stable water-in-oil (W / O) emulsion at the interface between crude oil and water at the base, and these emulsions aggregate with each other to form water Forming a rag layer present at the interface of the crude oil.

The rag layer contains water, lead sulphate, calcium lead sulphate, asphaltene and crude oil. Once formed, the lag layer is very stable and contains too much crude oil, resulting in a loss of available crude oil, and if the removal or conversion is not done in a proper way, the inactivity of the catalyst in the up- Causing a lot of problems.

Prior art documents related to the present invention include a variety of techniques such as a method of converting a rag layer using supercritical alcohol as disclosed in Patent No. 10-1726972 and a technique of removing sulfur compounds from a petroleum stream as disclosed in Patent Document 10-2014-0001193 .

In the above prior art document No. 10-1726972, a mixing step of mixing a rag layer and an alcohol solvent; And reacting the rag layer in the supercritical alcohol state of the alcohol solvent to remove or convert or remove and remove impurities including lead acid, calcium lead acid, asphaltene, heavy metal, and sulfur contained in the rag layer A method of converting a rag layer using supercritical alcohol is provided.

In the prior art related to the present invention, the following technologies are being implemented.

● Non-catalyst Lead acid  Conversion Technology ( Supercritical process )

Current methods for removing lead acid from high-acid crude oil include physical methods (blending, adsorption, extraction) and chemical methods (caustic soda washing, decarboxylation, esterification).

The currently proposed separation or conversion technology of lead acid has the following problems, and in the present invention, it is intended to develop and provide a new concept of non-catalytic conversion of lead acid by polar supercritical fluid.

The blending method, which is a physical method, has a problem of low crude oil acidity and poor intermixability with high-acid crude oil and traditional crude oil, and has a problem in that the catalytic activity of the catalyst is adversely affected by the subsequent catalyst process.

- The physical method, the adsorption method, has the advantage of being able to deal with high acidity crude oil containing high concentration of tungsten acid, but it has limitations in the process to treat lead acid which is harmful to the environment after adsorption.

- The physical extraction method is mainly a process of extracting lead acid into a water-soluble liquid at the liquid-liquid interface. It is not effective in removing the lead acid contained in the crude oil and forms a stable W / O emulsion. Therefore, There is a limit in separating the water.

- The chemical caustic soda washing method generates excessive wastewater and forms a stable W / O emulsion, which is difficult to treat.

- The decarboxylation and esterification reaction, which is a chemical method, is a method using metal supported catalyst, Co-Mo, Ni-Mo based catalyst and metal oxide based catalyst at high temperature and high pressure condition, Is relatively effective for model compounds, but the activity of the catalyst is rapidly deteriorated due to the impurities contained in the rag layer (sulfur, minerals dissolved in water, unfilterable solid, etc.) and is not effective in removing the lead acid released from the actual desalter .

● Polarity In the supernatant system  Utilizing highly active hydrogen Lead acid  Conversion technology

Some polar supercritical fluids generate self-generated high activity hydrocarbons (radicals, hydrides, and proton), which can be effectively used for decarboxylation and esterification without the use of hydrogen and catalyst provided externally. There is an advantage that the sensate can be converted into a useful substance.

In particular, supercritical fluids are very effective in converting lead acid and emulsion present in a rag layer mixed with water and organic materials into useful materials, such as zero surface tension, gas permeability, high reactivity and high solubility.

(KR) Patent No. 10-1726972 (KR) Patent Document 10-2014-0001193 (JP) Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2009-067951

The present invention is intended to provide a lag layer processing apparatus for separating useful substances contained in a lag layer generated upon purification of conventional crude oil or non-conventional crude oil.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a lag layer processing apparatus capable of solving various problems caused by a load (burden) applied to piping lines and components due to a high viscosity of a lag layer in an emulsion state.

To solve the object of the present invention, a lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful material in a lag layer includes a lag layer supplying apparatus for improving fluidity and pumping at a high pressure; An auxiliary solvent supply device for supplying the high-pressure auxiliary solvent; A supercritical reaction device for supplying a lag layer and a co-solvent from the lag layer supply device and the co-solvent supply device to perform a supercritical reaction; A supercritical release device for releasing supercritical state in the supercritical reaction device; And a phase separator configured to separate useful material through phase separation in a rag layer whose supercritical state has been released through the supercritical release device.

The lag layer supply device is configured to include a feed pump device for a lag layer, which is capable of improving fluidity and pumping at a high pressure,

The feed pump device for a lag layer includes a syringe body having a rag layer inlet and a rag layer outlet on one side and a plunger operation hole on the other side, a plunger provided in the syringe body for reciprocating movement, A lag layer stirring device provided at a lower side of the syringe body to stir the introduced lag layer, and a lag layer heating device installed to enclose the syringe body to heat the introduced lag layer, A syringe pump for a lag layer configured to improve fluidity by changing viscosity; And a plunger drive device for operating the plunger of the syringe pump for the lag layer.

In the lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful material in the lag layer having the above-described structure of the present invention, the useful material contained in the lag layer can be obtained through phase separation by performing the supercritical processing of the lag layer, And the production efficiency of crude oil can be increased in non-conventional crude oil.

That is, a large amount of crude oil is contained in the lag layer generated in a large amount in the non-traditional crude oil, and a lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful material in the lag layer according to the present invention has a large amount The production efficiency of crude oil can be increased in non-conventional crude oil.

Further, the lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful substance in the lag layer of the present invention may be used as a pretreatment apparatus in a refinery facility of non-traditional crude oil. In other words, preprocessing of non-traditional crude oil improves the fluidity of non-traditional crude oil and makes it possible to separate well. This can solve the problems that occur when refining crude oil using conventional refining facilities.

Further, in the feed pump device for a lag layer included in the lag layer processing device for obtaining a useful substance in the lag layer of the present invention, the lag layer is pumped at a high pressure so that a supercritical reaction occurs, Thereby reducing the burden imposed on various components such as the piping line and the valves provided therein, and can be mixed well with the auxiliary solvent so that the supercritical reaction can occur well.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram of a lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful substance in a lag layer showing an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a lag layer supplying apparatus in a configuration of a lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful substance in a lag layer showing an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.
3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a syringe pump for a lag layer in a configuration of a lag layer supply device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

It is to be understood that the terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to a conventional or dictionary sense and that the configurations shown in the embodiments and drawings described herein are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and that various equivalents and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a useful substance in a rag layer which is capable of acquiring oil and useful materials in a rag layer in an emulsion state generated in a desalter installed in a petrochemical refining facility Lag layer processing apparatus.

That is, the lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful substance in the lag layer according to the present invention reacts with the lag layer under supercritical conditions so that the oil and the useful substance contained in the lag layer can be separated and obtained, The fluidity of the layer is improved and the rag layer is mixed well with the co-solvent and then supplied to the supercritical reactor so that the supercritical reaction can be performed well.

An embodiment of a lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful substance in the lag layer according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Figure 1,

A lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful material in a lag layer according to the present invention comprises: a lag layer supply apparatus (1) configured to improve fluidity and pump at a high pressure; An auxiliary solvent supply device (2) for supplying the high pressure auxiliary solvent; A supercritical reaction device 3 for supplying a lag layer and an auxiliary solvent from the lag layer supplying device 1 and the auxiliary solvent supplying device 2 to perform a supercritical reaction; A supercritical release device 4 for releasing supercritical state in the supercritical reaction device 3; And a phase separation device (7) arranged to separate the useful substance through phase separation in a rag layer whose supercritical state has been released through the supercritical release device (4)

The lag layer supply device 1 includes a feed pump device 1a for a lag layer which is capable of improving fluidity and capable of high pressure pumping, And an inline mixer 1b for lowering the viscosity through stirring to improve fluidity.

The supercritical release device (4) comprises a cooling device (5) for cooling the lag layer with an apparatus for releasing the supercritical state of the lag layer by lowering the temperature and the pressure, a supercritical pressure And a control valve (6) for controlling the control valve (6).

The feed pump device 1a for the lag layer allows the rag layer, which has a high viscosity in a continuous supercritical process, to be charged into the supercritical reactor 3 at a high pressure (350 bar) .

Referring to Figure 2,

The feed pump device 1a for the lag layer includes a syringe body 11 having a rag layer inlet 11a and a lag layer outlet 11b on one side and a plunger operation hole 11c on the other side, A plunger 12 provided in the syringe body 11 to reciprocate, a lag layer stirring device 13 for stirring a lag layer provided under the syringe body 11, And a lag layer heating device 15 for heating a rag layer which is installed so as to surround the syringe lower body 11 and which has a magnetic body 14 provided in the syringe lower body 11, A syringe pump 10 for a lag layer configured to improve fluidity by changing viscosity; And a plunger drive unit 20 for operating the plunger 12 of the syringe pump 10 for the lag layer.

A plurality of high viscosity crude oil pumps 10a and 10b are installed in a parallel structure so that pumping can be continuously performed in the syringe pump 10 for the lag layer.

The plunger 12 is moved up and down by the low-viscosity liquid introduced into and discharged from the plunger operation hole 11c, and the plunger 12 The high-viscosity lag layer is introduced into the lag layer entrance 11a and then discharged through the lag layer exit 11c.

The low point liquid which is introduced into and discharged from the plunger operation hole 11c is usually water and the discharge pressure P2 of the rag layer discharged through the outlet port 11c of the lag layer 11c is discharged to 350 bar or more. The inflow pressure P3 for inflow into the luer operating hole 11c flows at a pressure of 350 bar or more.

The high viscosity lag layer introduced into the lag layer inlet 11a is changed to a low viscosity lag layer by the lag layer stirring device 13, the magnetic body 14 and the lag layer heating device 15, The rag layer along the line is in a smooth moving state.

As described above, the lag layer in the high viscous state is changed to the lag layer in the low viscous state and moves along the pipeline line, thereby solving the problems such as malfunction and leakage by high pressure generation and valve.

The lag layer stirring apparatus 13 stirs the lag layer introduced into the syringe body 11 to improve the fluidity and prevent the lag layer heating apparatus 15 from heating the lag layer biatively.

The magnetic material 14 may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

The rag layer heating device 15 is installed to surround the syringe body 11, and is usually provided on the lower part into which the rag layer is introduced from the viewpoint of efficiency. Generally, Thereby enabling control by the control unit.

The plunger driving means 20 is configured to reciprocate the plunger 12 so that the rag layer syringe pump 10 can move the rag layer. A high pressure P3 is generated in the upper part of the body 11 and the plunger 12 is pressed at a high pressure with a high pressure so that the lag layer of high viscosity introduced into the cylinder bottom body 11 is discharged .

2 shows an embodiment of the plunger drive means 20 using a low viscosity liquid.

A plunger drive means (20) using a low viscosity liquid includes a low viscosity liquid supply tank (21) for supplying a low viscosity liquid, a wastewater tank (22) for recovering the used liquid, A plurality of low viscosity liquid pumps 23 provided in parallel for supplying the liquid in the tank 21 to the syringe pump 10 for the lag layer respectively, A low viscosity liquid piping line which is supplied to the siliner pump 10 and then discharged and can be moved to the wastewater tank 22; a plurality of check valves (not shown) provided in the low viscosity liquid piping line for limiting the transfer direction of the low viscosity liquid; And a valve (24).

It is preferable that the low viscosity liquid pump 23 is provided in the same number as the number of the ring layer pump 10 for the rag layer.

The auxiliary solvent supply device 2 uses a high-pressure liquid pump as a device for charging the auxiliary solvent into the supercritical reaction device 3, and water or alcohol is used as the auxiliary solvent.

The supercritical reaction apparatus 3 is configured such that the rag layer can react with the auxiliary solvent at a temperature of 450 ° C. under a supercritical condition of 350 bar. The supercritical reaction apparatus 3 is a tube type, In order to prevent clogging by impurities, a supercritical reactor unit is disposed at a predetermined angle (about 15 [deg.]) With respect to the ground in order to prevent the clogging due to impurities, As shown in Fig.

In the supercritical reaction apparatus 3, a plurality of supercritical reactor units may be constituted by one column or a plurality of columns.

The supercritical release device 4 is configured to release supercritical state after a supercritical reaction. The supercritical release device 4 includes a cooling device 5 for cooling a rag layer in a supercritical state, a control valve 6 for regulating the pressure of the rag layer, .

In the cooling device 5, the temperature of the rag layer passing through the supercritical reaction device 3 is lowered.

The control valve 6 controls the pressure in the supercritical reaction device 3 so as to generate a supercritical reaction. In the control valve 6, an inlet pressure is applied to the front end portion of the control valve 6, Allow pressure to release. That is, when the lag layer passes through the control valve 6, the pressure is released to the atmospheric pressure.

The phase separator 7 is configured to obtain supernatant and the oil and the useful material by phase-separating the rag layer in which the supercritical state is released. In the phase separator 7 provided in the phase separator 7, A substance and an auxiliary solvent (water or alcohol) and impurities are separated from each other by a layer.

The auxiliary solvent (water or alcohol) is guided to the auxiliary solvent supply device 2 by using a valve and a pump and reused.

In the lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful material in the lag layer as described above, the lag layer before being supplied to the supercritical reaction apparatus 3 is heated and stirred in the lag layer supplying apparatus 1, And is mixed well with the solvent supplied from the auxiliary solvent supply device 2, thereby preventing the malfunction and breakage of components such as the valve which may be caused by the large load caused by the movement of the lag layer in the high viscosity state And the mixing of the rag layer and the solvent is well performed, so that the supercritical reaction efficiency is improved.

In addition, the lag layer processing apparatus for obtaining a useful substance in the lag layer of the present invention can be used as a pretreatment facility for refining facilities using traditional crude oil, and when used, refines non-traditional crude oil using conventional conventional crude refining facilities It is predicted that it will be possible.

1: rag layer supplying device 2: auxiliary solvent supplying device
3: supercritical reactor 4: supercritical reactor
5: Cold working device 6: Control valve
7: phase separator
10: syringe pump for the rag layer 11: syringe body
12: Plunger 13: Stirring device
14: magnetic substance 15: rag layer heating device
20: plunger drive means 31: low viscosity liquid supply tank
32: waste water tank 33: low viscosity liquid pump
34: Check valve

Claims (4)

A lag layer supply device (1) configured to improve fluidity and to pump at a high pressure; An auxiliary solvent supply device (2) for supplying a high pressure auxiliary solvent; A supercritical reaction device 3 for supplying a lag layer and an auxiliary solvent from the lag layer supplying device 1 and the auxiliary solvent supplying device 2 to perform a supercritical reaction; A supercritical release device 4 for releasing supercritical state in the supercritical reaction device 3; And a phase separator (7) configured to separate the useful substance through phase separation in a rag layer whose supercritical state has been released through the supercritical release device (4)
The lag layer supply device 1 is configured to include a feed pump device 1a for a lag layer which is capable of improving fluidity and pumping at a high pressure,
The feed pump apparatus 1a for the lag layer includes:
A syringe body 11 having a rag layer inlet 11a and a rag layer outlet 11b at one side and a plunger operation hole 11c at the other side; A lag layer stirring device 13 which stirs the introduced lag layer provided at the lower side of the syringe lower body 11 and a lag layer stirring device 13 installed to surround the syringe lower body 11 A lag layer syringe pump (10) including a lag layer heating device (15) for heating the introduced lag layer so as to improve the fluidity by changing the viscosity of the lag layer;
And a plunger driving device (20) for operating the plunger (12) of the syringe pump (10) for the lag layer. The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that an inline mixer (1b) is installed in the front end of the feed pump device (1a) for the lag layer so as to improve the fluidity of the lag layer supplied thereto. The method according to claim 1,
The supercritical release device (4) comprises a cooling device (5) for cooling the lag layer with an apparatus for releasing the supercritical state of the lag layer by lowering the temperature and the pressure, a supercritical pressure And a control valve (6) for controlling the operation of the lag layer. delete

Images