KR101766780B1 - Spacer for enhancing power density and reverse electrodialysis electric generating device comprising the spacer - Google Patents
Spacer for enhancing power density and reverse electrodialysis electric generating device comprising the spacer Download PDFInfo
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- KR101766780B1 KR101766780B1 KR1020150164285A KR20150164285A KR101766780B1 KR 101766780 B1 KR101766780 B1 KR 101766780B1 KR 1020150164285 A KR1020150164285 A KR 1020150164285A KR 20150164285 A KR20150164285 A KR 20150164285A KR 101766780 B1 KR101766780 B1 KR 101766780B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a spacer used in a reverse electrodialyzone generator and a reverse electrodialyzer comprising the same, wherein the spacer has a line opening of 150 to 1200 μm and an open area of 59 to 90% And a reverse electrodialysis power generation device including
According to the present invention as described above, it is possible to improve the effective area of an electrode or a film in an RED power generation device or the like by providing a spacer having a high open area.
Description
The present invention relates to a spacer used in a reverse electrodialysis power generation apparatus and a reverse electrodialysis power generation apparatus including the same, and more particularly, to a method of manufacturing a spacer using a spacer for improving power density, The present invention relates to a spacer which can be minimized.
In RED (Reverse Electro-Dialysis), the spacer prevents the contact between the cation and the anion exchange membrane, increases the electrochemical potential, secures the channel for seawater and fresh water, And it plays a role of reducing concentration polarization occurring at the interface between ion exchange membrane and seawater and fresh water. However, the portion of the ion exchange membrane and the spacer is not directly contacted with the seawater and the fresh water, and therefore, the electrochemical potential is not formed. This is called a shadow effect by the spacer.
In order to minimize the shading effect by the spacer, it is preferable to use a spacer having the maximum open area, and finally, it is preferable to construct a RED cell which does not use a spacer.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem of the spacer, a channel is directly formed in the ion exchange membrane and is called a profiled membrane. The profile membrane can minimize problems such as the shading effect caused by the use of the spacer, but the ion exchange membrane must have a certain thickness or more in order to engrave a certain type of flow path in the membrane. The performance of the ion exchange membrane suitable for the profile membrane, It is a betrayal of exchange membrane performance. So far, the output density using a profile membrane is at most 0.8 W / m 2 , which is about 50% of the world's highest RED generation density reported so far.
The ion exchange membrane suitable for RED must be thinner than the ion exchange membrane used for ED (Electro-Dialysis), etc., and does not require a support and does not require a large mechanical strength. Also, in general, the inhomogeneous membrane has a relatively high electrical resistance due to structural reasons as compared to the homogeneous membrane. The properties of such ion exchange membranes are a direct cause of lowering the output density of RED in actual research results. It is reported that the RED has to have a power density of 2.0 W / m 2 or more per weak ion-exchange membrane area in order to commercialize it.
Also, in the case of the profile membrane, there is a technical difficulty in matching the positions of the channels formed in seawater and fresh water in the assembling process, and the formed seawater and the fresh water channel have limitations in stably maintaining them from pressure and electrostatic osmosis. Further, the profile membrane requires an additional manufacturing process, which raises the unit price of the ion exchange membrane and makes it difficult to match the position of the flow path formed in the ion exchange membrane in the assembly process.
It is an object of the present invention to minimize the hydraulic losses occurring in the seawater and the fresh water channel inside the RED cell by using a spacer having a high opening area that can maximize the use area of the ion exchange membrane.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a spacer having an inter-line gap of 150 to 1200 μm and an open area of 59 to 90%.
The spacer may have a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
The material of the spacer may be at least one material selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyethylene terephthalide, polyethylene, polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene, and the material of the spacer may further include a carbon-based yarn .
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a plasma display panel comprising: an anode electrode and a cathode electrode arranged opposite to each other; A plurality of cation exchange membranes and a plurality of anion exchange membranes disposed alternately between the node electrode and the cathode electrode; And a spacer interposed between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane, wherein the spacing of the spacers is 150-1200 占 퐉 and has an open area of 59-90% Providing the device is another aspect.
The spacer may have a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
The spacer may be made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyethylene terephthalide, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene. The material of the spacer may be a carbon- .
The cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane are homogeneous membranes having an electrical resistance of 3 Ω / cm 2 or less and a thickness of 2 mm or less.
According to the present invention, there is provided a spacer for improving the effective area of an electrode or a film in an RED power generation apparatus or the like and improving the output density of the RED power generation apparatus by setting the material of the spacer, the gap between the wires, It is effective.
Further, the spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention has an effect of minimizing the hydraulic loss occurring in the seawater and the fresh water channel inside the RED cell.
Figure 1 shows a micrograph of a conventional spacer and profile membrane.
2A shows a photograph of a conventional spacer.
2B is a photograph of a spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a configuration diagram of a reverse electrodialysis and estroation apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
4 is an enlarged view of a spacer according to an aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in an open area according to a change in line spacing of spacers according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are graphs comparing output densities of openings of the same material of a spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
8 is a graph illustrating changes in RED output according to the type of the spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing a change in electrical resistance value of seawater and a fresh water channel according to a thickness change of a spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 3 shows a configuration of a reverse electrodialyzed generator including a spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is an enlarged view of a spacer according to an aspect of the present invention.
3 and 4, a
Equation 1: spacing between lines (opening, w) = (25,400 / scale number per area) - (diameter)
The open area is determined by the mesh count, the thread diameter, and the gap between the lines (opening, w). The open area (a 0 ) is calculated as a function of the distance (w) between the line diameter (d) and the ship's ship, and can be calculated by the following equation (2).
(Open area, a 0 ) = {line spacing w / line spacing w + line diameter d 2 } 100
The
The material of the
The
In the case of a conventional spacer having a thickness of 0.1 mm, the opening has a value between 100 and 200, and an open area of 45 to 57% in a spacer of 1 layer type is obtained. That is, when 1 m 2 of ion exchange membrane is used in RED, the area of ion exchange membrane that can actually be used is about 0.5 m 2 . Also, when the thickness is 0.2 mm, the opening has a value between 200 and 300, and the opening area has 42 to 51%. In both cases, they do not have an open area of up to 60%.
The opening (w), the open area (a 0 ), the diameter (d), etc. between the lines in the
The spacer is disposed between the cation and the anion exchange membranes to secure a channel through which seawater and fresh water can flow, and to prevent contact between the ion exchange membranes to secure space for increasing the electrochemical potential. In addition, the spacers form turbulence in the flow of seawater and fresh water, thereby reducing concentration polarization occurring at the interface between the ion exchange membrane and seawater and fresh water. The thickness of the spacer is the same as the flow path of seawater or fresh water in the cell in the reverse electrodeposition generator (RED), and the interval between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane is determined. As the interval between the ion exchange membranes is shortened, The resistance is also reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to consider the compressibility of the gasket and the thickness of the spacer, and optimize the interval between the ion exchange membranes in consideration of the pressure loss due to the flow of the influent in the RED stack.
The RED cell includes an anion exchange membrane, a spacer and a cation exchange membrane, and the hydraulic energy loss in the RED cell is mainly caused by a pressure drop inside the cell.
In addition to the RED power generation devices, the spacers can also be used for electrodialysis (ED), diffusion dialysis, electrodialysis reversal (EDR), electric deionization (EDI), capacitive deionization (CDI) the effective area of the electrode or membrane can be increased by up to 30% compared with the conventional one in the desalination process such as reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO), and electrochemical water treatment technique using electrode and ion exchange membrane such as electrode capacitive deionization have.
The electrical resistance R in the RED cell can be expressed by the following
Equation 3:
(h: thickness (m) of the spacer (flow path),?: porosity of the spacer,?: electric conductivity of the oil (S / m)
The net power efficiency (P net ) in the RED can be calculated from
Equation 4:
(OCV: electric potential of RED cell when current is 0, Ri: internal resistance of RED cell, Δp: pressure loss, q: flow rate, L:
The reverse
The
The material of the
The
The
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and that the scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited by these examples.
Example 1.
Conventional single spacers, twisted spacers, profiled spacers, spacers according to one embodiment of the present invention and their output values were measured and shown in Table 1.
+
Carbon black
(Net)
(Net)
(Net)
(Gross)
(Gross)
Referring to Table 1, when the material of the spacer is employed as a material of polyethylene terephthalide (1.4 W / m 2 ) and polyethylene terephthalate + carbon black (1.84 W / m 2 ), conventional spacers are employed, It can be confirmed that the output density is improved.
Example 2.
The output values of the reverse electrodeposition generator according to the change of the mesh size and the diameter ratio of the wire diameter, the thickness, and the open area of the spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention were measured and are summarized in Table 2, Respectively.
Referring to Table 2, when the thickness of the spacer is 0.1 mm (
Example 3.
FIG. 9 shows changes in the electrical resistance values of the seawater and the fresh water channel according to the thickness of the spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention at a spacer porosity of 80%, a seawater of 50 mS / cm and a fresh water of 200 uS / cm . 9, when the thickness of the fresh water channel was fixed to 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm, the electric resistance value inside the RED cell was constant even when the thickness of the sea water channel was changed, but the thickness of the sea water channel was 0.1 and 0.2 mm As the thickness of the fresh water channel was increased, the electric resistance value inside the RED cell was increased. It can be seen that the electric resistance value inside the RED cell is closely related to the thickness of the fresh water channel, and that the smaller the thickness of the fresh water channel is, the smaller the electric resistance value inside the RED cell is.
Having described specific portions of the present invention in detail, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these specific embodiments are merely preferred embodiments and that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. something to do. Accordingly, the actual scope of the present invention will be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
10: Reverse electrodialysis and estrus apparatus 100: Spacer
210: anode electrode 230: cathode electrode
300: ion exchange membrane 310: cation exchange membrane
330: Cation exchange membrane
Claims (9)
At least one material selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyethylene terephthalide, polyethylene, polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene,
Wherein the material comprises a carbon based yarn.
Wherein the spacer has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
A plurality of cation exchange membranes and a plurality of anion exchange membranes disposed alternately between the node electrode and the cathode electrode; And
And a spacer interposed between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane,
Wherein the spacers have a line spacing of 150-1200 占 퐉 and an open area of 59-90% and are selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene Wherein the at least one material is a carbon-based yarn.
Wherein the spacer has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
Wherein the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane are homogeneous membranes having an electrical resistance of 3 Ω / cm 2 or less and a thickness of 2 mm or less.
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Cited By (4)
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US20200385291A1 (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-12-10 | Bar-I Lan University | Selective bromide ion removal and recovery by electrochemical desalination |
US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
US11502322B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
US11855324B1 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2023-12-26 | Rahul S. Nana | Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump |
Families Citing this family (5)
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KR102079005B1 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2020-02-19 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Ion exchange membrane with monovalent selective patterns and RED comprising the same |
WO2020032356A1 (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Salinity gradient power generation device |
KR102157334B1 (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-09-17 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Power generating apparatus using the salinity gradient |
KR102188108B1 (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2020-12-07 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Patterned ion exchange membrane for reducing pressure and RED comprising the same |
CN111995011B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-07-15 | 西安理工大学 | No-partition reverse electrodialysis salt difference energy power generation device |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR101394081B1 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2014-05-15 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Improved reverse electrodialysis electric generating device |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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JANW. POST 외. Energy Recovery from Controlled Mixing Salt and Fresh Water with a Reverse Electrodialysis System. Environ Sci. Technol. 42(15), 2008.07.02, pp 5785-5790 |
Piotr Długołecki 외. Ion conductive spacers for increased power generation in reverse electrodialysis. Journal of Membrane Science. Volume 347, Issues 1-2, 2010.02.01, pp 101-107 |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20200385291A1 (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-12-10 | Bar-I Lan University | Selective bromide ion removal and recovery by electrochemical desalination |
US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
US11502322B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
US11563229B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-01-24 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
US11611099B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-03-21 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
US11699803B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-07-11 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
US11855324B1 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2023-12-26 | Rahul S. Nana | Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump |
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