KR101755791B1 - Method, System and Computer Program for Optimal Breathing Pattern Control Using Resonant Frequency and Phase Detection of Respiration - Google Patents
Method, System and Computer Program for Optimal Breathing Pattern Control Using Resonant Frequency and Phase Detection of Respiration Download PDFInfo
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- KR101755791B1 KR101755791B1 KR1020150074787A KR20150074787A KR101755791B1 KR 101755791 B1 KR101755791 B1 KR 101755791B1 KR 1020150074787 A KR1020150074787 A KR 1020150074787A KR 20150074787 A KR20150074787 A KR 20150074787A KR 101755791 B1 KR101755791 B1 KR 101755791B1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/0816—Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02405—Determining heart rate variability
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
Abstract
The present invention relates to a technique of detecting an optimum respiratory pattern by detecting a resonant respiration frequency and a phase and deriving the optimal respiratory pattern, the method comprising the steps of: calculating the size of respiratory rhythm arrhythmia in a respiration pattern of a predetermined respiratory frequency; Repeating the measurement of the size of the respiratory passive sinus arrhythmia while changing the respiratory frequency and examining the resonance respiration frequency which is the respiratory frequency whose value is the maximum value; Fixing the breathing frequency to the resonance breathing frequency and changing the breathing phase; Analyzing the phase synchronization and direction of the respiration signal and the heartbeat by calculating the changed respiration phase; And determining an optimal breathing pattern by detecting a breathing phase having the maximum phase synchronization.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE
Respiration is an unconscious activity in the human body that is essential for survival, and the correct breathing pattern brings stability to the body's main parts, such as the chest. Breathing consists of inspiration (inspiration) and Nash exhalation (expiration), which is active because the contraction of the muscles involved in breathing exercises, and exhalation is contraction at the inspiration It is passive because it occurs in the process of muscle relaxation. The pattern of respiration also plays an important role in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system and reflects the state of the human body.
In the prior art, since the individual interpretation of each organ in the human body is mainly used, the biomedical signal is independently used, but in recent years, research has been carried out focusing on a part where the organs of the body interact with each other from a more general viewpoint. In fact, the pattern of respiration is closely related to the rhythm of the heartbeat, and the relationship between these two signals varies depending on the human condition. This can be interpreted by analyzing the synaptic mechanical characteristics and can be applied to various diagnoses. .
Specifically, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is defined as an increase in heart rate when the sympathetic nerve in the inspiration increases, and a decrease in the heart rate due to an increase in vagus nerve during exhalation, resulting in irregular heart rate. This phenomenon plays a major role in the change of the frequency and phase pattern of the heart rhythm, and changes in the autonomic nervous system activity, emotional state, and cognitive ability are induced by the change of the heart rhythm.
When breathing with resonance frequency and phase pattern, the size of respiratory sinus arrhythmia is maximized, synchronized with the pattern of respiration, and the physiological changes are the greatest. Optimal breathing patterns are different for each individual and yet effective detection methods are not presented, so a method is needed to find them effectively.
The existing method of induction of respiration is to induce a slow respiration pattern uniformly over a certain period of time rather than to make individual differences, or to feed back on its own based on the result of the frequency component of the heart rate variability. Since it does not present a breathing pattern, it is difficult to expect an effective effect due to breath control. In addition, since the frequency component results of heart rate variability can be given a meaning when it is more than 5 minutes unit, there is a disadvantage that the reliability of the result presented for feedback can be somewhat lowered. In order to overcome these drawbacks, it has recently been reported that respiratory control maximizing the size of respiratory sinus arrhythmia has a positive effect on physiological, emotional and cognitive aspects (Jane B Lemaire, et al., Open Medicine 2011, 5 (4) E154).
Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2008-0060128 relates to a respiratory control device for enabling a user to improve his / her health by arbitrarily adjusting the respiration rate and breathing method so that the user follows inhalation and exhalation. However, there is a disadvantage in that the method of breathing is not specified and the arbitrarily adjusted breathing method allows the nose to selectively open and close and breathe.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method to obtain optimized respiration pattern for individual.
In order to develop the autonomic nervous system control method that is active and individual most effective by applying the synchronous mechanical characteristic analysis method to the breath control feedback field, A resonance frequency and a phase pattern of the resonance frequency and the phase pattern of the resonance frequency and the phase of the resonance frequency are detected based on the detected resonance frequency and phase.
The present invention provides a method for inducing synchronization between heartbeat and respiration by analyzing respiratory-gating arrhythmia size of heartbeat pattern according to breathing pattern control in real time and grasping resonance respiration frequency and phase pattern maximizing its size.
To this end, the present invention provides a method for determining optimal respiratory patterns through resonant respiration frequency and phase detection, the method comprising: calculating the size of respiratory arrhythmia in a respiratory pattern at a predetermined respiratory frequency; Repeating the measurement of the size of the respiratory passive sinus arrhythmia while changing the respiratory frequency and examining the resonance respiration frequency which is the respiratory frequency whose value is the maximum value; Fixing the breathing frequency to the resonance breathing frequency and changing the breathing phase; Analyzing the phase synchronization and direction of the respiration signal and the heartbeat by calculating the changed respiration phase; And determining an optimum breathing pattern by detecting a breathing phase having the maximum phase synchronization, wherein the step of calculating the size of the breathing gingival arrhythmia comprises: presenting a breathing pattern through a breathing pattern presentation unit; Obtaining a heartbeat signal of the user breathing with the presented breathing pattern; Detecting a peak value in the obtained heartbeat signal; And calculating the maximum respiration pattern by using the detected maximum value.
The present invention also provides a method for determining an optimum respiration pattern through resonance breathing frequency and phase detection, wherein the heartbeat signal is acquired through electrocardiogram, pulse wave, or cardiac ballistic measurement.
The present invention also provides a method for determining an optimal breathing pattern through resonant respiration frequency and phase detection, wherein the respiration phase is calculated from a heartbeat signal measured in the heartbeat detection step or a respiration signal measured in the chest, abdomen, or nose .
The present invention also provides a method for determining an optimal respiration pattern through resonant respiration frequency and phase detection, wherein the maximum value is calculated from the heartbeat signal using a maximum value detection algorithm.
The present invention also provides a method for determining an optimum respiration pattern through resonant respiration frequency and phase detection, wherein the resonant respiration frequency is calculated using an algorithm that calculates the magnitude of respiratory apical rhythm following real-time detection of the maximum value.
The present invention also provides a method for determining optimal respiration patterns through resonant respiration frequency and phase detection, wherein the phase synchronization is calculated using a synchogram quantification method which is a phase synchronization analysis algorithm.
The present invention also provides an optimal respiratory pattern determination system through resonance respiration frequency and phase detection using a computer, wherein the system comprises a respiratory arrest arrhythmia size calculator for calculating the size of respiratory arrhythmia in a respiratory pattern of a predetermined respiratory frequency, ; A resonance respiration frequency examiner for repeating the measurement of the size of the respiratory passive sinus arrhythmia while changing the respiratory frequency and examining the resonance respiration frequency which is the respiratory frequency at which the value is the maximum value; A breathing phase changing unit for fixing the breathing frequency to the resonance breathing frequency and changing the breathing phase; A phase synchronization and directional analysis unit for calculating the changed respiration phase and analyzing phase synchronization and directionality between the respiration signal and the heartbeat; And an optimal respiratory pattern determining unit for determining an optimum respiratory pattern by detecting a respiratory phase having the maximum phase synchronization, wherein the respiratory arrestive arrhythmia size calculating unit comprises: a breathing pattern presentation unit for presenting a breathing pattern through a breathing pattern presentation unit; ; A heartbeat signal acquisition unit for acquiring a heartbeat signal of the user breathing with the breathing pattern; A maximum value detector for detecting a peak value in the obtained heartbeat signal; And a calculation unit for calculating the maximum respiration pattern using the detected maximum value.
The present invention also relates to a computer program stored in a computer readable medium for determining an optimum respiration pattern through resonant respiration frequency and phase detection using a computer, wherein the computer program causes the computer to determine an optimum respiration pattern through resonant respiration frequency and phase detection The operations comprising: calculating a magnitude of a respiratory tract arrhythmia in a breathing pattern of a predetermined respiratory frequency; Repeating the measurement of the size of the respiratory passive sinus arrhythmia while changing the respiratory frequency and examining the resonant respiratory frequency which is the respiratory frequency at which the value is measured; Fixing the respiratory frequency to the resonant respiratory frequency and changing the respiratory phase; Calculating the modified respiration phase to analyze phase synchronization and directionality between the respiration signal and the heartbeat; And determining an optimal breathing pattern by detecting a breathing phase having the maximum phase synchronization, wherein the calculating of the size of the breathing gingival rhythm comprises: presenting a breathing pattern through a breathing pattern presentation unit; Acquiring a heartbeat signal of the user breathing with the presented breathing pattern; Detecting an ultimate peak in the obtained heartbeat signal; And calculating using the detected maximum value.
The method, system, and computer program of the present invention not only enable efficient detection of resonance frequency and phase pattern inherent to an individual, but also can be effectively applied to stress relaxation, Positive effects such as inducing positive emotions and improving cognitive abilities can be induced.
FIG. 1 shows a process of detecting an optimal breathing pattern based on a resonance frequency and a phase pattern of respiration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a respiratory signal (left) according to one embodiment of the present invention and a respiratory rhythm arrhythmia (right) induced by a respiratory pattern. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating a change in heart rate according to a change in respiratory cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a phase synchronization analysis between heartbeat and respiration according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the synchronization analysis between heartbeat and respiration. Graph.
FIG. 5 shows the maintenance state after the inspiration (2) intake and the maintenance (3) expiration (4) in the induction state of the respiratory cycle and the phase pattern according to one embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
Various embodiments are disclosed with reference to the drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It should be appreciated, however, that each implementation may be practiced without these specific details. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative examples of one or more embodiments. However, these examples are illustrative and some of the various ways may be used in the principles of various embodiments, and the description is intended to include all such implementations and equivalents.
Various embodiments and features will be presented by means of an apparatus which may comprise a number of parts and components. It should also be understood and appreciated that the various devices may include additional components, components, and / or may not include all of the components, components, and components discussed in connection with the figures.
The terms "an embodiment "," an embodiment ", "an example ", and the like used in the specification should not be construed as advantageous or advantageous over other embodiments or designs described. The terms "heart trajectory", "respiration signal", "oxygen desaturation index", etc. as used below generally refer to medical and biomedical contents.
In addition, the term "or" is intended to mean " exclusive or " That is, it is intended to mean one of the natural inclusive substitutions "X uses A or B ", unless otherwise specified or unclear in context. That is, X uses A; X uses B; Or when X uses both A and B, "X uses A or B" can be applied in either case. It is also to be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and includes all possible combinations of one or more of the listed items.
It is also to be understood that the term " comprises "and / or" comprising "means that there is a corresponding feature, step, operation, component, and / Quot; does not exclude the presence or addition of moieties and / or groups thereof. Also, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise or to the contrary, the singular forms in this specification and claims should generally be construed to mean "one or more. &Quot;
FIG. 1 shows a process of detecting an optimal breathing pattern based on a resonance frequency and a phase pattern of respiration according to an embodiment of the present invention. A method for determining an optimal respiratory pattern through resonant respiration frequency and phase detection comprises: calculating a size of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in a respiratory pattern of a predetermined respiratory frequency; Repeating the measurement of the size of the respiratory passive sinus arrhythmia while changing the respiratory frequency and examining the resonance respiration frequency which is the respiratory frequency whose value is the maximum value; Fixing the breathing frequency to the resonance breathing frequency and changing the breathing phase; Analyzing the phase synchronization and direction of the respiration signal and the heartbeat by calculating the changed respiration phase; And determining an optimal breathing pattern by detecting a breathing phase having the maximum phase synchronization.
That is, it includes the following sequence.
(1) Obtain the heartbeat signal during the breathing process after presenting the first basic breathing pattern.
(2) The heartbeat peak is detected by an automatic peak detection algorithm.
(3) Calculate the size of respiratory sinus arrhythmia.
(4) After presenting the second respiratory pattern with different periods, the heartbeat signal is acquired and the peak is detected.
(5) Compute the size of respiratory ganglion arrhythmia and calculate the difference from the result in the first respiration pattern.
(6) Change the respiratory frequency based on the result and repeat the above procedure to determine the resonant respiratory frequency at which the size of respiratory arrhythmia reaches the maximum value.
(7) Fix the respiratory frequency to the resonant frequency and change the respiratory phase.
(8) Compute the phase of the respiration signal and establish the optimal breathing pattern by detecting the maximum respiration phase through phase synchronization with the heartbeat and directional analysis.
The term "respiratory phase" refers to the ratio of inhaled, exhaled, and stopped breathing. It is noted that there is an inherent respiratory resonance frequency and respiratory phase that maximizes the size of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) will be. In an embodiment of the present invention, the detection of the respiratory resonance frequency requires the use of a real-time heartbeat detection algorithm to detect the direction of the change in the size of the respiratory-gating arrhythmia (RSA) that appears as the respiratory pattern changes. The pattern difference between the pattern and the heartbeat at the time of exhalation is detected.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing respiratory sinus arrhythmia (right) of the heart rhythm induced by the respiration signal (left) and respiratory pattern according to one embodiment of the present invention. The respiratory sinus arrhythmia increases the heart rate at the time of inspiration At the time of expiration, the heart rate slows down. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the size of the respiratory-gating arrhythmia is calculated by: presenting a breathing pattern through a breathing pattern presentation unit; Obtaining a heartbeat signal of the user breathing with the presented breathing pattern; Detecting a peak in the obtained heartbeat signal; And calculating the maximum value using the detected maximum value. In one embodiment of the present invention, the heartbeat signal is acquired through electrocardiogram, pulse wave, or cardiac ballistic measurement. Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, the respiratory phase is measured in a heartbeat signal obtained in the heartbeat detecting step or a respiration signal is measured in a chest, abdomen, or nose. In an embodiment of the present invention, the maximum value is calculated from the heartbeat signal using a maximum value detection algorithm, and the maximum value detection algorithm can be used in any of the techniques disclosed in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the heart rate according to the change of the respiratory cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention. When the breathing cycle is changed, the variation of the heart rate has a specific breathing cycle, Frequency. In other words, respiratory sinus arrhythmia has the highest magnitude when breathing with resonance frequency, and breathing - heart rate synchronization is the highest.
If the respiration signal is not received, it is possible to apply the algorithm to find the optimal respiration frequency by inverting the respiration signal through the heartbeat signal itself. In one embodiment of the present invention, the resonant respiration frequency is calculated by using an algorithm for calculating the magnitude of the respiratory orgasmic arrhythmia after the detection of the maximum value in real time, and the algorithm for calculating in real- Any algorithm can be used.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the phase synchronization is calculated using a method of quantizing a synchogram, which is a phase synchronization analysis algorithm.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the phase synchronization analysis between heartbeat and respiration according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. This graph shows the gram quantification. The phase synchronization between the heartbeat and the respiration can be quantified by various methods. A method of quantifying the synchogram as shown in FIG. 4 through a recurrence plot and an entropy-based phase synchronization index ρ are also applicable. In addition, γ, λ, etc., which can quantify the phase synchronization of the integer ratio (m: n) through the heart rate and respiration frequency ratios, are also applicable.
The phase synchronization analysis algorithm analyzes how much the phases of respiration and heartbeat are synchronized with the integer ratio (n: m). In general, the rate at which breathing and heartbeat synchronize with each other changes depending on the state change, and the synchronization rate varies depending on the sleeping phase during sleep. In this case, the phase of respiration is extracted by Hilbert transform, and the phase of heartbeat is set to a period (2π) based on the detected peak in real time, analysis can be applied or the degree of synchronization can be numerically expressed through various synchronization indexes.
Hereinafter, an example of an algorithm is presented to facilitate understanding of the present invention. However, the following algorithm is provided for easier understanding of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following algorithm.
The method for quantifying a synchogram may include: comparing a periodic relative phase value
here,
In order to implement a method of quantifying the recurrence plot (RP), when the degree of synchronization is strong, the diagonal of the RP becomes longer. Therefore, the RP diagonal length is used for the synchogram quantification.
The ratio of the diagonal lines of the RP points, DET (
The synchronization index can be expressed by one of the following Expressions (1) to (3).
[Equation 1]
[Equation 2]
[Equation 3]
In addition to phase synchronization analysis, it is possible to analyze the impact of current breathing and heartbeat on directional size through directional analysis. The directional analysis can be analyzed through Granger causality index, Partial directed coherence, and Directionality index.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for induction of a respiratory cycle and a phase pattern. The respiratory phase is divided into intake, post-inspiratory maintenance, expiration, and maintenance after expiration. As the phase changes, There is a difference in the degree of synchronization between them. Therefore, the optimal respiration pattern is obtained by finding the phase that maximizes the synchronization index by changing the phase while breathing with the resonance frequency found earlier.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an optimal respiratory pattern determination system using a computer-assisted resonant respiration frequency and phase detection, the system comprising: a respiration- Same arrhythmia size calculator; A resonance respiration frequency examiner for repeating the measurement of the size of the respiratory passive sinus arrhythmia while changing the respiratory frequency and examining the resonance respiration frequency which is the respiratory frequency at which the value is the maximum value; A breathing phase changing unit for fixing the breathing frequency to the resonance breathing frequency and changing the breathing phase; A phase synchronization and directional analysis unit for calculating the changed respiration phase and analyzing phase synchronization and directionality between the respiration signal and the heartbeat; And an optimal respiratory pattern determining unit for determining an optimum respiratory pattern by detecting a respiratory phase having the maximum phase synchronization, wherein the respiratory transitory arrhythmia size calculating unit comprises: a respiratory pattern presentation unit for presenting a respiration pattern through a respiration pattern presentation unit; ; A heartbeat signal acquisition unit for acquiring a heartbeat signal of the user breathing with the breathing pattern; A maximum value detector for detecting a peak value in the obtained heartbeat signal; And a calculation unit for calculating the maximum value using the detected maximum value.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a computer program stored in a computer readable medium for determining an optimal respiration pattern through a resonant respiration frequency and phase detection using a computer, the computer program causing a computer to perform resonant respiration frequency and phase detection , The operations comprising: calculating a size of a respiratory ganglion arrhythmia in a breathing pattern of a predetermined breathing frequency; Repeating the measurement of the size of the respiratory passive sinus arrhythmia while changing the respiratory frequency and examining the resonance respiration frequency which is the respiratory frequency at which the value is the maximum value; Fixing the respiratory frequency to the resonant respiratory frequency and changing the respiratory phase; Calculating the modified respiration phase to analyze phase synchronization and directionality between the respiration signal and the heartbeat; And determining an optimal breathing pattern by detecting a breathing phase having the maximum phase synchronization, wherein the calculating of the size of the breathing gingival rhythm comprises: presenting a breathing pattern through a breathing pattern presentation unit; Acquiring a heartbeat signal of the user breathing with the presented breathing pattern; Detecting an ultimate peak in the obtained heartbeat signal; And the maximum value detected.
While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, . Therefore, the embodiments described in the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention but to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be construed according to the claims, and all technical ideas within the scope of equivalents should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
The method comprising the steps of: calculating the size of the respiratory gingiva in a respiratory pattern of a predetermined respiratory frequency;
Repeating the measurement of the size of the respiratory passive sinus arrhythmia while changing the respiratory frequency and examining the resonance respiration frequency which is the respiratory frequency whose value is the maximum value;
Fixing the breathing frequency to the resonance breathing frequency and changing the breathing phase;
Analyzing the phase synchronization and direction of the respiration signal and the heartbeat by calculating the changed respiration phase; And
Detecting a maximum respiratory phase of the phase synchronization and determining the optimal respiratory pattern as an optimal respiratory pattern,
The size of the respiratory-like arrhythmia is calculated,
Presenting a breathing pattern through a breathing pattern presentation unit;
Obtaining a heartbeat signal of a user breathing with the presented breathing pattern;
Detecting a peak value in the obtained heartbeat signal; And
And calculating using the detected maximum value,
Wherein the phase synchronization is calculated using a synchogram quantization method among phase synchronization analysis algorithms for analyzing how much the respiration phase and the heartbeat phase are synchronized with the integer ratio (n: m) ) Synchronogram between heart and respiration (2) Mapping to 3D phase space (3) Recurrence plot,
Determination of Optimal Breath Pattern by Resonance Breathing Frequency and Phase Detection.
Wherein the heartbeat signal is acquired through electrocardiogram, pulse wave,
Determination of Optimal Breath Pattern by Resonance Breathing Frequency and Phase Detection.
Wherein the respiration phase is calculated from a heartbeat signal obtained at a step of measuring a breathing signal in the chest, abdomen, or nose or acquiring a heartbeat signal of the user,
Determination of Optimal Breath Pattern by Resonance Breathing Frequency and Phase Detection.
Wherein the maximum value is calculated from the heartbeat signal using a maximum value detection algorithm,
Determination of Optimal Breath Pattern by Resonance Breathing Frequency and Phase Detection.
Wherein the resonant respiration frequency is calculated using an algorithm for calculating the magnitude of the respiratory apoplexy in real time after the detection of the maximum value,
Determination of Optimal Breath Pattern by Resonance Breathing Frequency and Phase Detection.
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| JP2010213773A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-30 | Panasonic Corp | Breathing instruction device |
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