KR101750173B1 - System and method for the automatic calculation of the effective dose - Google Patents

System and method for the automatic calculation of the effective dose Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101750173B1
KR101750173B1 KR1020150144968A KR20150144968A KR101750173B1 KR 101750173 B1 KR101750173 B1 KR 101750173B1 KR 1020150144968 A KR1020150144968 A KR 1020150144968A KR 20150144968 A KR20150144968 A KR 20150144968A KR 101750173 B1 KR101750173 B1 KR 101750173B1
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region
image
patient
unit
pelvis
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KR1020150144968A
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Korean (ko)
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KR20170045052A (en
Inventor
이창현
김광기
신승원
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국립암센터
서울대학교병원
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Priority to KR1020150144968A priority Critical patent/KR101750173B1/en
Priority to PCT/KR2016/011643 priority patent/WO2017065591A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/542—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving control of exposure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/10—Application or adaptation of safety means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/10—Application or adaptation of safety means
    • A61B6/107—Protection against radiation, e.g. shielding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B6/488—Diagnostic techniques involving pre-scan acquisition

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for automatically calculating a radiation effective dose which can automatically calculate a radiation dose according to a body shape of a patient by automatically calculating a radiation dose according to a body part of a patient, A step of acquiring a plurality of line data by performing line scanning on a brightness of the image in a row direction of the scout image at a plurality of positions, Obtaining a plurality of median values, forming a graph based on the plurality of median values, dividing a body image region of a patient to be irradiated with radiation based on the graph, The amount of radiation irradiated by each site is calculated and the exposure A may include the step of automatically calculated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a system and a method for automatically calculating an effective radiation exposure dose,

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for automatically calculating a radiation effective dose of a patient who has been exposed to a radiation medical device, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for calculating the effective radiation exposure dose according to a body part of a patient.

Unlike general radiographic examinations, CT radiographs are rotated 360 degrees and there may be gaps or overlaps between consecutive images depending on the site or purpose of the examination.

The CT dose index (CTDI) and the dose length project (DLP) are the indexes of radiation dose that can reflect these features. In the main CT manufacturers, CTDI and DLP indicators are recorded in the dose report .

When calculating the current dose of CT radiation, the effective dose (mSv) is calculated by multiplying the DLTI multiplied by the CDTI and the scan length by the conversion factor of the body part, (chest), abdomen (abdomen) and pelvis (pelvis) are divided into.

At present, the dosimetry provided by the device during CT scans provides CTDIvol and DLP values based on poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom of 16 cm for head and 32 cm for torso, It does not provide individual patient dose values that depend on body shape.

In addition, when the CT of each part in the actual hospital environment or clinical examination includes unnecessary parts that do not meet the purpose of the examination, for example, chest CT often includes thyroid and liver in most cases. If the conversion factor is multiplied only by the conversion factor, the calculated dose value is decreased, resulting in a problem that the dose to be irradiated to the patient is increased.

In addition, in most medical institutions, if a composite code is made to integrate various parts of the body such as chest, abdomen, and pelvis to perform CT, it is difficult to calculate the accurate dose only with a simple conversion factor, If a single code of the abdominal CT is recognized and calculated, the radiation dose is greatly increased.

In order to solve this problem, the recent AAPM report 204 introduces the concept of size-specific dose estimate (SSDE), which suggests a method of predicting the dose considering the patient's body size. The report provides a conversion table according to size so that the dose at the actual site can be easily obtained as the size of the body changes, suggesting that it is possible to make and use an average conversion table for each patient.

However, in order to apply the SSDE, it is necessary to obtain the body size of the test site for each patient. Therefore, in order to calculate the SSDE efficiently, the patient size is automatically calculated from the CT image, .

In addition, the method of segmenting a patient's body using CT disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. US 20150190102 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,345,513 discloses that the clinical image data confirmed in each CT to calculate the size of the patient (body part of the patient) Since it is about 3000 pieces of image information, the method of performing recognition by each part and performing recognition by each part has a great burden on the server, the database and the network, which may have a great influence on the hospital information system

In order to solve the above problem, the present invention aims to calculate an accurate radiation dose according to each body part of a patient in the course of acquiring a CT medical image and to apply it to a CT imaging protocol.

The present invention also aims to accurately calculate the radiation dose of a patient without affecting the hospital information system.

A method of automatically calculating a radiation effective dose according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: receiving a two-dimensional scout image; acquiring a plurality of line data by performing line scanning in a row direction of the scout image at a plurality of positions; Calculating a median value for each of the plurality of line data to obtain a plurality of median values, forming a graph based on the plurality of median values, determining a body image region of a patient to be irradiated with radiation based on the graph, Calculating a radiation dose for each of the divided body image regions, and automatically calculating an amount of radiation exposure for each of the body regions of the patient.

In addition, the graph may be a relation of the median value according to a height direction of the patient.

Also, the automatic calculation method of radiation dose may further include extracting a region of interest from the scout image, and may perform line scanning on the region of interest.

The step of dividing the body image region may include the steps of: setting a predetermined threshold value in the graph; detecting a first peak and a second peak with respect to a largest value among the values larger than the threshold value; And determining a section between the first peak and the second peak as a closed region.

The step of dividing the body image region may include the steps of: detecting a first valley having the lowest value among the regions excluding the closed region; determining the first lowest point as the upper end of the pelvis; And then determining the area from thereafter to the upper end of the pelvis as the abdominal area.

The step of dividing the body image region may further include detecting a point having the same value as the threshold value in an area after the first lowest point region and determining the point as a lower end of the pelvis.

In addition, the step of automatically calculating the amount of exposure by the body part of the patient can calculate the amount of radiation exposure of each part of the patient by substituting a predetermined conversion factor for each of the divided parts of the body.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an automatic radiation exposure dose calculation system includes: an image input unit receiving a two-dimensional scout image; An image divider for dividing a body image part of a patient based on a two-dimensional scout image received from the image input part; A data storage unit for storing a preset conversion factor for a region of the body part of the patient, a body image part of the divided patient from the image processing unit, And a radiation exposure calculation unit for calculating a radiation exposure amount for each part of the patient by inputting the exposure conversion index to a body image part of the divided patient.

The image dividing unit may include: a line data scan unit for obtaining a plurality of line data by repeating line scanning on the brightness of the scout image toward the first direction of the scout image; An intermediate value calculating unit that receives the plurality of line data from the line data scanning unit 210 and calculates an intermediate value for each line data to calculate a plurality of line data intermediate values; A graph forming unit receiving the plurality of line data intermediate values from the intermediate value calculating unit and forming a graph based on the intermediate value; And a body region dividing unit that receives the graph from the graph forming unit and divides the body image region of the patient irradiated with the radiation based on the graph.

In addition, the body region dividing unit 240 sets a predetermined threshold value in the graph, and calculates a first peak and a second peak with respect to two largest values among the values larger than the threshold value Detecting a first valley having a lowest value among the regions excluding the closed region, and detecting the first lowest point as a pelvis region, And determining a region between the upper end of the pelvis and the lower end of the pelvis as a pelvis region, and determining a region having the same height as the lower end of the pelvis, The area from the closed area to the upper end of the pelvis can be determined as the abdomen area.

The radiation exposure calculation unit may calculate a radiation exposure dose irradiated to the patient by substituting a predetermined conversion index for each of the closed region, the pelvis region, and the abdomen region.

The present invention has the advantage of automatically calculating the effective dose of radiation according to the body part of the patient and automatically calculating the dose of radiation according to the body shape of the patient.

In addition, the present invention divides a body image of a patient by using a scout image, so that a calculation amount of a body image division is greatly reduced, and there is an advantage that a hospital information system is not infeasible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for automatically calculating an effective radiation exposure amount according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows line scans, median values, and graphs of the scout image of the present invention.
3 illustrates a graph based on a plurality of median values according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing the scout image of the present invention divided by body parts.
5 is a block diagram of a system for automatically calculating the effective exposure dose of the present invention.

1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of automatically calculating an effective radiation exposure amount according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the automatic calculation method of effective radiation dose of the present invention includes a step of receiving a two-dimensional scout image 10 (S100), a method of calculating a radiation dose of the scout image 10 in a row direction of the scout image 10, (S300) of obtaining a plurality of intermediate values by calculating an intermediate value for each of the plurality of line data, performing a line scanning operation on the plurality of intermediate values (S400), dividing a body image region based on the graph (S500), calculating an amount of radiation irradiated for each of the divided body image regions, and calculating an effective exposure amount of each body region of the patient (S600).

The scout image 10 of the present invention is a two-dimensional image of an anterior-posterior direction and a lateral direction CT tomographic image of an image taken in advance to a patient in order to determine a photographing position at the time of CT imaging. The scout image 10 is an image similar to a simple X-ray image. If the body part is automatically divided by utilizing the scout image 10, the body part can be easily divided as compared with the conventional method using thousands of CT images, and the hospital information system is not infeasible.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a pre-processing based on median filtering and Otsu thesholding is performed using the provided two-dimensional scout image 10, and then a region of interest of the scout image can be automatically selected. Based on these results, Adaptive Histogram Equalization, Histogram Stretching, and Median filtering can be performed to emphasize the features of each part of the image.

FIG. 2 illustrates line scanning, median, and graph acquisition of a scout image 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, a step S200 of acquiring a plurality of line data of the present invention will be described below.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, after the scout image 10 is arranged in the vertical direction (the height direction of the patient), line scanning (indicated by yellow color) is performed on the row of the scout image 10, Lt; / RTI > That is, the line scanning is performed in the row direction perpendicular to the height of the rectangle.

Further, referring to FIG. 2, the line scanning may be performed at a plurality of positions which are different from each other. For example, line scanning is performed in the lateral direction at the first position 11 in the key direction of the patient, line scanning is performed in the lateral direction at the second position 12, Scanning can be performed.

With continued reference to FIG. 2, step S300 of acquiring a plurality of intermediate values of the present invention will be described below.

 The line scanning of the present invention means scanning the brightness information of the scout image 10. For example, if the number of pixels of the scout image 10 in which line scanning is performed in the horizontal direction at the first position 11 is 1000, this means that the brightness information of each of 1000 pixels is scanned. Also, the line data means brightness information of each of the 1000 pixels.

Also, the intermediate value of the present invention means a value at an intermediate position of the line data, that is, a value at an intermediate position among the pixel brightness information sorted in ascending order. For example, if the number of pixels performing line scanning at the first position is five, the brightness information of the first pixel is 1, the brightness information of the second pixel is 16, the brightness information of the third pixel is 2, If the brightness information is 10 and the brightness information of the fifth pixel is 11, then this intermediate value may be 10, which is brightness information at the middle position after the brightness information of the pixels is arranged in ascending order. However, this is illustrative and does not limit the scope of the present invention.

Also, in the present invention, a plurality of intermediate values are obtained by dividing the intermediate value (the pixel brightness information sorted in ascending order) of each line data obtained by line scanning performed at different positions (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, Value in the middle position).

Referring to FIG. 2, a graph forming step S400 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be formed based on a plurality of intermediate values. The graph of the present invention may be an association of the median value according to the height direction of the patient. For example, the X axis may be the position in the patient's key direction, the X axis may be the median value, the Y axis may be the position in the patient's key direction, and the X axis may be the median value.

3 illustrates a graph based on a plurality of median values according to an embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 3, the X-axis is the position of the patient in the key direction and the Y-axis is the intensity. Therefore, the coordinates of the graph of FIG. 3 mean the middle value of the image brightness obtained by performing the line scanning at the position in the vertical direction (the height direction of the patient). According to an embodiment of the present invention, moving average filtering of size 21 can be performed to remove noise of the graph thus derived.

3, the step S500 of dividing the body image part of the present invention uses a graph based on the median value. This graph has an advantage that the characteristic of the vertical direction region (key direction region) of the human body region can be represented by one one-dimensional graph.

First, the closed region can be first divided in the scout image 10. A threshold having a predetermined magnitude may be set in the graph, and two largest points among values larger than the set threshold value may be detected to determine a first peak and a second peak. Here, the first and second peaks can be points on a curve that changes from a rising value to a kind of inflection point to a falling value. A section between the first peak and the second peak may be determined as a closed region.

Further, the present invention can further divide the scout body image into the pelvis region. First, the closed region is excluded from the scout image 10. A valley having the lowest value among the regions in which the closed region is excluded can be detected and determined as the upper end of the pelvis. Thereafter, a point having the same value as the threshold value is detected in an area after the lowest point area, and this point is determined as the lower end of the pelvis. Therefore, according to the present invention, a region between a lowest point and a point having a threshold value in a region after the lowest point can be determined as a pelvis region.

Further, the present invention can determine a region from the closed region (that is, the region after the second highest point in Fig. 3) to the lowest point as the abdominal region.

Referring to FIG. 2, the closed area shows low brightness due to the influence of air, and the abdomen area shows high brightness due to a large distribution of organs, but also includes areas showing low brightness due to the influence of air included in some organs have. In addition, the pelvic region has a wide area occupied by the pelvic bone, so that the absorption rate of X-rays is high, and thus it shows high brightness.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step S600 of calculating the effective dose may calculate the amount of radiation irradiated for each divided body image region, and automatically calculate the effective dose for each body region of the patient. At this time, effective dose can be calculated for each body by using a predetermined conversion factor.

For example, the effective dose of the lung area is calculated by substituting the conversion index corresponding to the lung into the area determined as the lung area from above, and the effective dose of the abdominal area is calculated by substituting the conversion index corresponding to the abdomen into the area determined as the abdominal area And calculate the effective exposure amount of the abdomen region by substituting the conversion index corresponding to the pelvis into the region determined as the pelvis region, thereby accurately calculating the effective radiation dose to be irradiated to the patient, thereby more accurately managing the radiation dose of the patient There is an advantage to be able to do.

FIG. 5 is a system 1000 for automatically calculating the effective radiation dose according to an embodiment of the present invention. The automatic radiation exposure dose calculation system of the present invention includes an image input unit 100, an image division unit 200, a data storage unit 300, and a radiation effective dose calculation unit 400.

The image input unit 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention receives the 2D scout image 10 and transmits the 2D scout image 10 to the image divider 200.

The image segmentation unit 200 of the present invention can divide a body image region in the vertical direction based on the two-dimensional scout image 10 received from the image input unit 100. [ Here, the longitudinal direction refers to the height direction of the patient, and the image segmentation unit 200 of the present invention can divide the body image region in the key direction of the patient.

The image divider 200 of the present invention may include a line data scan unit 210, an intermediate value calculator 220, a graph forming unit 230, and a body region dividing unit 240.

The line data scanning unit 210 of the present invention may perform line scanning on the brightness of the image in a row direction of the scout image 10 at a plurality of positions to form a plurality of line data. Here, the line data, the line scanning, and the line data are the same as those described above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The intermediate value calculating unit 220 of the present invention may receive a plurality of line data from the line data scanning unit 210 and calculate intermediate values for each line data to calculate a plurality of line data intermediate values. Here, the process of calculating a plurality of line data intermediate values is the same as that described above, so the detailed description is omitted.

The graph forming unit of the present invention may receive the plurality of line data intermediate values from the intermediate value calculating unit 220 and form a graph based on the intermediate values. Here, since the graph and the graph forming process are the same as those described above, detailed description will be omitted.

The body region dividing unit 240 of the present invention may receive the graph from the graph forming unit 230 and divide the body image region of the patient irradiated with the radiation based on the graph. The body region dividing unit 240 sets a predetermined threshold value in the graph and detects a first peak and a second peak with respect to two largest values among the values larger than the threshold value , Determining a section between the first peak and the second peak as a closed region, detecting a valley having the smallest value among the regions excluding the closed region, determining the first lowest point as the upper end of the pelvis , Determining a point having the same value as the threshold value in the area after the first lowest point, determining the point as the lower pelvic region, determining a region from the upper end of the pelvis to the lower end of the pelvis as the pelvis region, The scout image 10 can be divided into the closed region, the pelvis region, and the abdomen region by determining the region up to the upper end of the pelvis as the abdominal region. Here, the division of the body part in the key direction (vertical direction) of the patient in the scout image 10 is the same as that described above, so a detailed description will be omitted.

The radiation effective dose calculation unit 400 receives the body image region of the divided patient from the body region dividing unit 240 included in the image divider 200, The dose conversion index is input from the unit 300 and the dose conversion index is substituted into the body image region of the divided patient to calculate the effective exposure amount of the body region of the patient. Here, the calculation method of the effective amount of exposure for each body part is the same as that described above, so the detailed explanation is omitted.

Claims (11)

delete delete delete delete delete delete delete A video input unit for receiving a two-dimensional scout image;
An image divider for dividing a body image part of a patient based on a two-dimensional scout image received from the image input part;
A data storage unit for storing a predetermined conversion factor for a region of the body part of the patient;
A body image region of the divided patient is input from the image division unit, the dose conversion index is input from the data storage unit, and the dose conversion index is assigned to a body image region of the divided patient, And a radiation exposure calculation unit for calculating a radiation exposure,
The image dividing unit
A line data scan unit for performing line scanning in a row direction of the scout image at a plurality of positions to acquire a plurality of line data;
An intermediate value calculating unit that receives the plurality of line data from the line data scanning unit, calculates an intermediate value for each line data, and calculates a plurality of line data intermediate values;
A graph forming unit receiving the plurality of line data intermediate values from the intermediate value calculating unit and forming a graph based on the intermediate value; And
And a body region dividing unit that receives the graph from the graph forming unit and divides a body image region of a patient irradiated with the radiation based on the graph, Wherein the median effective value of the radiation dose is an association of the median value. delete 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the body region dividing section (240)
Wherein a predetermined threshold value is set in the graph and a first peak and a second peak are detected with respect to two largest values of the values larger than the threshold value and the first peak and the second peak are detected, The interval between the peak points is determined as the closed region,
Detecting a first valley having the lowest value among the regions excluding the closed region, determining the first lowest point as the upper end of the pelvis,
Determining a point having the same value as the threshold value in an area after the first lowest point, determining the point as a lower end of the pelvis, determining a region from the upper end of the pelvis to the lower end of the pelvis as a pelvis region,
Wherein the area from the closed area to the upper end of the pelvis is determined as the abdomen area. 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the radiation dose calculation unit calculates a radiation dose to be irradiated to the patient by substituting a predetermined conversion index for each of the closed region, the pelvis region, and the abdomen region, .
KR1020150144968A 2015-10-16 2015-10-16 System and method for the automatic calculation of the effective dose KR101750173B1 (en)

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JP2012085936A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-05-10 Hitachi Medical Corp X-ray ct apparatus
KR101500481B1 (en) * 2014-01-24 2015-03-10 연세대학교 원주산학협력단 Average glandular dose calculation method for digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis and computer readable record-midium on which program for excuiting method thereof

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