KR101743549B1 - Urea decomposition apparatus for shipment and system having the same - Google Patents

Urea decomposition apparatus for shipment and system having the same Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101743549B1
KR101743549B1 KR1020160018571A KR20160018571A KR101743549B1 KR 101743549 B1 KR101743549 B1 KR 101743549B1 KR 1020160018571 A KR1020160018571 A KR 1020160018571A KR 20160018571 A KR20160018571 A KR 20160018571A KR 101743549 B1 KR101743549 B1 KR 101743549B1
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
urea water
combustion chamber
urea
flow
Prior art date
Application number
KR1020160018571A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
이창희
Original Assignee
송원대학교산학협력단
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Priority to KR1020160018571A priority Critical patent/KR101743549B1/en
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Publication of KR101743549B1 publication Critical patent/KR101743549B1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/14—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1433—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

The urea water thermal decomposition apparatus for marine vessels according to the present invention comprises a urea water injection nozzle for injecting urea into the exhaust gas and a urea injection nozzle for injecting urea into the urea water injection nozzle, And a flame injection member for injecting a flame into the combustion chamber to thermally decompose the exhaust gas and the urea water in the combustion chamber.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION [0002] Urea decomposition apparatus for shipment and system having the same,

The present invention relates to a urea water thermal cracking apparatus for marine use, and more particularly to a device for pyrolyzing urea water to purify exhaust gas.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas of ships are one of the major environmental pollutants. Techniques for increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine or changing the fuel used have been proposed to reduce such nitrogen oxides.

Recently, a technique for post-treating nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas has been proposed. Examples of devices for purifying nitrogen oxides include diesel particulate filter (DPF), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) lean NOx trap), and LNC (lean NOx catalyst).

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) using urea water is used as a technique for post-treating nitrogen oxide, and urea water is a catalyst material for the nitrogen oxide reduction device. When urea water is injected into a ship, chemical reaction with nitrogen oxide occurs It is possible to protect the environment by discharging it with water and nitrogen.

Here, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) generates ammonia by causing a pyrolysis reaction and a hydrolysis reaction to occur by injecting a reactant such as Urea into the exhaust system, and the ammonia thus generated reacts with the nitrogen oxide (N) and water (H 2 O) harmless to the human body.

On the other hand, in the case of an internal combustion engine having low exhaust and low output used in a ship, the exhaust gas temperature may be lowered to about 250 ° C, unlike an automobile internal combustion engine. When the exhaust gas temperature is low, There is a problem that does not support.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a device for pyrolyzing urea in order to purify exhaust gas discharged from a low-emission and low-power internal combustion engine of a ship.

A water urea injection nozzle for injecting urea into the exhaust gas; and a water injection nozzle for injecting urea into the exhaust gas, wherein a part of the exhaust gas is introduced and the exhaust gas and the urea water are heated, And a flame spraying member 295 for spraying a flame to thermally decompose the exhaust gas and the urea water in the combustion chamber.

The urea water thermal decomposition system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a urea water thermal decomposition apparatus, an internal combustion engine, and a reactor, wherein the reactor is disposed at a lower portion of the urea water thermal decomposition apparatus in a vertical sectional structure.

The urea water thermal cracking apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention has an effect of shortening thermal decomposition time by providing a sufficient thermal decomposition space for thermal decomposition of Urea by utilizing a high temperature heat source.

Urea water for thermal decomposition of urea is arranged vertically by a pyrolysis unit and facilitates installation and maintenance.

A part of the exhaust gas passes through the combustion chamber and the rest is controlled so as not to pass through the combustion chamber to secure a sufficient amount of heat.

There is an effect that the flow edge is disposed in the lower part of the combustion chamber to concentrate the fluid moving to the lower part of the combustion chamber.

There is an effect that a separating plate is arranged at a part where exhaust gas flows into the combustion chamber and a flow control valve is arranged to control the separating plate to regulate the amount of exhaust gas flowing into the combustion chamber.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a urea water thermal decomposition system for marine use.
2 is a cross-sectional view of a urea water water cracking apparatus for marine use.

It is to be understood that the specific structural or functional description of embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept But may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

The embodiments according to the concept of the present invention can make various changes and can take various forms, so that the embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the embodiments according to the concepts of the present invention to the particular forms disclosed, but includes all modifications, equivalents, or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

The terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various elements, but the elements should not be limited by the terms. The terms may be named for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another, for example, without departing from the scope of the right according to the concept of the present invention, the first element may be referred to as a second element, The element may also be referred to as a first element.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this specification, the terms "comprises" or "having" and the like are used to specify that there are features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, parts or combinations thereof described herein, But do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings attached hereto.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a urea water thermal decomposition system. Referring to FIG. 1, the urea water thermal decomposition system 10 includes an internal combustion engine 100, a urea water thermal decomposition apparatus 200, and a reactor 300.

The internal combustion engine 100 is a four-stroke, two-stroke cycle type engine in which combustion of fuel is performed inside the engine to convert heat energy into mechanical energy. But it is not limited to this.

The internal combustion engine 100 may exhaust exhaust gas and the exhaust gas may be at least one of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, sulfur oxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxide, ammonia, and ozone. The internal combustion engine 100 is a gas that confines a mixture of fuel and air in a closed cylinder, compresses and ignites it, and rapidly burns carbon in the fuel, and the exhaust gas is discharged after combustion.

The first exhaust pipe 410 connects the internal combustion engine 100 and the urea water thermal cracking apparatus 200 and can transfer the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine 100 to the urea water pyrolysis apparatus 200.

The urea water thermal decomposition apparatus 200 can generate ammonia (NH 3 ) by pyrolyzing the urea urea. The urea water thermal decomposition apparatus 200 will be described in detail in Fig.

The second exhaust pipe 420 connects the urea water thermal cracking apparatus 200 and the reactor 300 and may transfer a part of the exhaust gas and the pyrolyzed materials to the reactor 300 by the urea water thermal cracking apparatus 200.

In an embodiment, a mixer (not shown) may be further disposed between the urea water pyrolyzer and the reactor and may mix the pyrolyzed material.

The reactor 300 may be disposed below the urea water thermal cracking apparatus 200 in a vertical cross-sectional structure. This arrangement structure facilitates installation and maintenance.

The third exhaust pipe 430 may discharge the purified materials from the reactor 300.

The number of urea may be a mixture of water (H 2 O) and nitrogen (N), for example, it may be an aqueous solution having a chemical composition formula of NH 2 (OH) NH 2. However, It does not.

The urea water can be decomposed into ammonia (NH 3 ) and isocyanic acid (HNCO) by thermal decomposition at a temperature of 620 ° C. or lower, and ammonia (NH 3 ) can be produced through the thermal decomposition. The generated ammonia reacts with the nitrogen oxide to change into nitrogen (N) and water (H 2 O) which are harmless to the human body, and thus harmful nitrogen oxides are purified.

However, the above-mentioned ellipsometer provides a pyrolysis system capable of generating nitrogen oxides (NO x ) by thermal decomposition at a temperature higher than 620 ° C. and operating to thermally decompose at a temperature of 620 ° C. or lower in order to prevent the generation of nitrogen oxides .

2 is a cross-sectional view of a urea water water cracking apparatus for marine use. 2, the ship urea water cracking apparatus 200 includes a flow control valve 210 for controlling the amount of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 100, a differential pressure control valve (DPCV) A fuel pump 230 for supplying fuel, a ring blower 240 for flowing outside air at a high pressure, urea water injection nozzles 250 and 251 for injecting urea water, A combustion chamber 260 for generating a phase change, a separation plate 270 for regulating the amount of exhaust gas flowing into the combustion chamber, and a flame injection member 295 for injecting a flame.

The flow control valve 210 can control the inflow amount of the exhaust gas flowing from the first exhaust pipe 410. The flow control valve 210 may be disposed horizontally in the center of the first exhaust pipe 410, but the flow control valve 210a may be moved in a counterclockwise direction to reduce an inflow amount of the exhaust gas.

The differential pressure regulating valve 220 can sense the pressure of the urea water and adjust the amount of air to be injected. For example, a by-pass valve.

That is, in the umbrella element water thermal cracking apparatus according to the embodiment, the amount of air and exhaust gas injected can be adjusted through the flow control valve 210 and the differential pressure flow control valve 220 to ensure a proper heat flux.

The fuel pump 230 may supply fuel to generate a flame in the combustion chamber 260. The ring blower 240 can flow the external air at a high pressure to supply the flame spraying member 295. [

The urea water injection nozzles 250 and 251 can be disposed on both sides of the combustion chamber through the combustion chamber 260 and can inject urea into the central portion of the combustion chamber 260.

The exhaust gas and the urea water are heated by the first flame 290 and the second flame 291 generated from the flame injection member 295, It can be pyrolysis.

The flame spraying member 295 may include flushing by the differential pressure regulating valve 220 and the fuel pump 230 and may include an injection pipe for introducing outside air injected by the ring blower 240. 2, the differential pressure regulating valve 220 and the fuel pump 230 are disposed outside the flame spraying member 295. However, according to the embodiment, And may be disposed inside the jetting member 295.

The flame injection member 295 may generate and inject the first flame 290 and the second flame 291 and the first flame 290 may be a flame within the range of 1100 ° C to 1300 ° C, (291) may be a flame within a range of 700 ° C to 800 ° C, but is not limited thereto. Particularly, the urea water injection nozzles 250 and 251 can be arranged so that urea water is injected into the second flame 291.

The separation plates 270 and 271 may be disposed at the central portion of the urea water pyrolysis apparatus and may be disposed at both sides of the combustion chamber 260. The separation plates 270 and 271 can move up and down to adjust the amount of exhaust gas flowing into the combustion chamber.

That is, a part of the exhaust gas emitted from the internal combustion engine 100 may be transferred to the upper portion of the separation plate 270 and into the combustion chamber 260. The remainder of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 100 moves to the lower portion of the separator plate 270 and can be discharged to the reactor 300 without passing through the combustion chamber 260.

The first flow edge 280 is disposed on one side of the lower portion of the urea water thermal cracking apparatus 200 to concentrate the exhaust gas moving to the lower portion of the combustion chamber. The first flow edge 280 may be a triangular cross-section, but is not limited thereto.

The second flow edge 281 is disposed below the first flow edge 280 and has the effect of concentrating the exhaust gas moving to the lower portion of the combustion chamber to the center. The second flow edge 281 may be a triangular cross-section wider than the first flow edge 280, but is not limited thereto. The first flow edge 280 and the second flow edge 281 may be disposed to correspond to both sides of the lower portion of the urea water thermal cracking apparatus 200, respectively.

That is, the ship urea water thermal decomposition apparatus 200 raises a part of the exhaust gas and the urea released from the internal combustion engine 100 so that urea water can be pyrolyzed into ammonia (NH 3 ) (N 2 ) and water (H 2 O) harmless to the human body by reacting the produced ammonia with nitrogen oxide. Particularly, the urea water thermal cracking apparatus 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a flow control valve for controlling the flow rate of the exhaust gas and a differential pressure control valve for controlling the flow rate of the air, heat flux can be ensured.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims.

100; Internal combustion engine 200; Urea water thermal decomposition device
300; Reactor 410; The first exhaust pipe
420; A second exhaust pipe 430; Third exhaust pipe

Claims (6)

1. A urea water thermal decomposition apparatus for purifying an exhaust gas discharged from a ship,
A urea water injection nozzle for injecting urea into the exhaust gas;
A combustion chamber into which a part of the exhaust gas flows and in which the exhaust gas and the urea water are heated to generate a phase change;
A flow control valve for controlling an inflow amount of the exhaust gas; a differential pressure flow rate control valve for controlling an injection amount of air;
The flow control valve is disposed horizontally in the center of the inside of the first exhaust pipe and moves in the counterclockwise direction to reduce the inflow amount of the exhaust gas. The differential pressure flow rate control valve senses the pressure of the urea water, ≪ / RTI &
A flame spraying member for spraying a flame into the combustion chamber to thermally decompose the exhaust gas and the urea water in the combustion chamber; And
Wherein the first flow edge and the second flow edge are disposed so as to correspond to both sides of a lower portion of the urea water pyrolysis apparatus, respectively, the first flow edge and the second flow edge being disposed at the lower portion of the combustion chamber,
The second flow edge is disposed at a lower portion of the first flow edge to center the exhaust gas moving to the lower portion of the combustion chamber,
Wherein the first flow edge has a triangular cross sectional shape and the second flow edge has a triangular cross sectional shape that is wider than the first flow edge.
delete The method according to claim 1,
A fuel pump for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber; And
A ring blower for causing external air to flow to the combustion chamber at a high pressure; Further comprising: a water-decomposing unit for water for marine vessels.
The method according to claim 1,
A separation plate disposed outside the combustion chamber and controlling to regulate an inflow amount of the exhaust gas; Further comprising: a water-decomposing unit for water for marine vessels.
delete The urea water thermal decomposition apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 3, and 4;
Internal combustion engine; And
Reactor; Lt; / RTI >
Wherein the reactor is disposed at a lower portion of the urea water thermal decomposition apparatus in a vertical sectional structure.
KR1020160018571A 2016-02-17 2016-02-17 Urea decomposition apparatus for shipment and system having the same KR101743549B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020160018571A KR101743549B1 (en) 2016-02-17 2016-02-17 Urea decomposition apparatus for shipment and system having the same

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007146700A (en) * 2005-11-25 2007-06-14 Bosch Corp Exhaust emission control device and exhaust emission control method for internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007146700A (en) * 2005-11-25 2007-06-14 Bosch Corp Exhaust emission control device and exhaust emission control method for internal combustion engine

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