KR101727389B1 - Method of controlling a voltage balancing in a modular multi-level converter - Google Patents
Method of controlling a voltage balancing in a modular multi-level converter Download PDFInfo
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- KR101727389B1 KR101727389B1 KR1020150106901A KR20150106901A KR101727389B1 KR 101727389 B1 KR101727389 B1 KR 101727389B1 KR 1020150106901 A KR1020150106901 A KR 1020150106901A KR 20150106901 A KR20150106901 A KR 20150106901A KR 101727389 B1 KR101727389 B1 KR 101727389B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/25—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
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- H02J2001/002—
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Abstract
A method of controlling voltage balancing of a modular multilevel converter includes determining a number of submodules to be turned on among a plurality of submodules on the basis of a reference voltage, sorting a plurality of submodules according to the magnitude of a capacitor voltage, Selects a submodule corresponding to the determined number of modules, and controls the selected submodule to be switched. The method includes the steps of: a) setting a reference submodule, an i-th submodule and an r-th submodule among the plurality of submodules; b) checking the magnitude relation between the capacitor voltage of the i-th sub-module and the capacitor voltage of the reference sub-module, and the magnitude relation between the capacitor voltage of the r-th sub-module and the capacitor voltage of the reference sub- c) if the capacitor voltage of the i servo module is larger than the capacitor voltage of the reference submodule and the capacitor voltage of the servo module is smaller than the capacitor voltage of the reference submodule, the step of exchanging the position of the i servo module and the position of the r servo module ; d) iteratively performing a) to c) until the i-th sub-module is larger than the r-th sub-module; And e) if the ith submodule is larger than the rth submodule, exchanging the location of the reference submodule with the location of the rth submodule.
Description
The present invention relates to a method of controlling voltage balancing of a modular multilevel converter.
High voltage direct-current transmission (HVDC) has advantages such as long-distance transmission, asynchronous grid connection, submarine cable use, and power control compared to high voltage alternating-current transmission (HVAC) Application cases are steadily increasing.
The high-voltage DC transmission system converts AC power into DC power at the transmission side, and converts the DC power into AC power at the demand side and supplies it to the customer.
Accordingly, in the high voltage direct current transmission system, a converter is essentially provided to convert AC power to DC power or DC power to AC power.
Such a converter is composed of six arms (D1 to D6) as shown in Fig. AC power is converted into DC power by the switching control of the six arms (D1 to D6).
Each of the arms D1 to D6 is provided with a switch. However, there is a limit to the withstand voltage that a single switch can withstand.
Accordingly, in recent years, a modular multilevel converter has been proposed in which a plurality of submodules are provided in each of the arms D1 to D6, and can withstand high voltages by selective switching control of each submodule.
Each submodule consists of two IGBTs (Insulating Gate Bipolar Transistors) and capacitors.
The number of submodules included in each of the arms D1 to D6 is determined according to the processing capacity of the converter, and may be up to several hundreds.
In particular, the voltage value of the capacitor provided in the submodule is variable, not fixed, due to the driving situation or the like. In addition, when a number of submodules are manufactured by different manufacturers, the specifications of the capacitors of the respective submodules may be different. Therefore, the capacitances of the capacitors of the respective submodules are different from each other, and the capacitances of the capacitors of the submodules can be varied due to the difference in the capacitances of these capacitors. The capacitor voltage is the voltage charged in the capacitor.
To this end, in the modular multilevel converter, the number of switching controls of the plurality of sub-modules provided in each of the valves (D1 to D6) is adjusted according to the state of the capacitor voltage of each of the valves (D1 to D6).
In modular multilevel converters, it is very important to quickly sort the capacitor voltages of the multiple submodules provided in the valve to regulate the number of switching controls.
However, since several hundreds of submodules are provided for each valve, when six valves are provided, alignment is required for several thousand submodules, so that there is a problem that quick alignment is not easy.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method of controlling voltage balancing of a modular multilevel converter capable of efficient and rapid alignment.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling voltage balancing of a modular multilevel converter, the method comprising: determining a number of submodules to be turned on among a plurality of submodules based on a reference voltage; The submodules corresponding to the determined number of aligned submodules are selected, and the selected submodules are controlled to be switched. The method includes: a) setting a reference submodule, an i-th submodule and an r-th submodule among the plurality of submodules; b) determining a magnitude relation between a capacitor voltage of the i-th submodule and a capacitor voltage of the reference submodule, and a magnitude relation between a capacitor voltage of the r-th submodule and a capacitor voltage of the reference submodule; c) if the capacitor voltage of the i-th servo module is larger than the capacitor voltage of the reference submodule and the capacitor voltage of the r-servo module is smaller than the capacitor voltage of the reference submodule, Exchanging positions with each other; d) repeatedly performing the steps a) to c) until the i-th sub-module is larger than the r-th sub-module; And e) if the i-th sub-module is larger than the r-th sub-module, exchanging the location of the reference sub-module and the location of the r-th sub-module.
According to at least one of the embodiments of the present invention, the reference submodule is moved to a new position, and the reference submodule is newly set in at least one submodule group centered on the newly moved submodule and moved to a new position The capacitor voltages of the respective submodules can be aligned in a line, and a plurality of submodules can be efficiently and quickly arranged.
Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and specific examples, such as the preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
Figure 1 shows a typical converter provided in a high voltage DC transmission system.
Figure 2 shows a modular multilevel converter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
3 shows the connection of a three-phase arm bridge in a modular multi-level converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a circuit diagram of a submodule included in the arm.
5 is a flowchart illustrating a voltage balancing control method of a modular multi-level converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 to 10 show how a plurality of submodules are aligned according to a voltage balancing control method of a modular multilevel converter.
Hereinafter, embodiments related to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The suffix "part," "module," and " part "for components used in the following description are given or mixed in consideration of ease of specification only and do not have their own distinct meanings or roles .
Figure 2 shows a modular multilevel converter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 2, the modular multilevel converter according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a
The plurality of
For example, the
Specifically, the
Here, the alignment of the submodule of the present invention will be described later in detail with reference to FIG.
Each submodule SM_1 to SM_n may further include a thyristor for bypassing. In the case where an excessive current suddenly flows into each of the sub modules SM_1 to SM_n, the thyristor bypasses an excessive current to prevent damage to capacitors and switches, for example, IGBTs, provided in the sub modules SM_1 to SM_n have.
The remaining driving units, such as the second to
Here, the related information of each of the
The sub-module voltage Vsm (t) may refer to a voltage charged in the capacitors included in each of the sub-modules SM_1 to SM_n.
The
The plurality of
As shown in FIG. 3, for example, six
Each of the
Each of the
In the present invention, each of the
The plurality of submodules SM_1 to SM_n in each
Each of the
Although not shown, a plurality of submodules SM_1 to SM_n included in each of the
Each of the
Each of the sub-modules SM_1 to SM_n may be a half type submodule (FIG. 4A) or a full type submodule (FIG. 4B).
As shown in Fig. 4A, the half-type submodule may include two switches S1 and S2, two diodes D1 and D2, and a capacitor CM.
Each of the diodes D1 and D2 is connected in parallel to each of the switches S1 and S2 to prevent backflow of the current to prevent malfunction of the switches S1 and S2.
The capacitor CM serves to charge the input voltage when the first and second switches S1 and S2 are turned on and to discharge the charged voltage when the first and second switches S1 and S2 are turned off .
The first and second switches S1 and S2 may be turned on or off by a gate signal provided in the
Each of the first and second switches S1 and S2 may be an IGBT, but it is not limited thereto.
As shown in Fig. 4B, the full type submodule may include four switches S1 to S4, four diodes D1 to D4, and a capacitor CM.
Each of the diodes D1 to D4 may be connected in parallel to each of the switches S1 to S4.
For example, when the first and fourth switches S1 and S4 are turned on, the positive AC voltage is charged in the capacitor CM, and when the second and third switches S2 and S3 are turned on, Although the AC voltage can be charged to the capacitor CM, this is not limited thereto.
The modular multilevel converter of the present invention may include two three-phase arm bridge connections, but this is not limiting.
An operation method of the driving
The voltage balancing control method of the modular multilevel converter according to the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in the driving
5 is a flowchart illustrating a voltage balancing control method of a modular multi-level converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 5, the first i-th sub-module, the first r-th sub-module and the reference sub-module among the plurality of sub-modules are set. (S311).
Herein, the minimum i-th sub-module is the second sub-module (i = 2) among the plurality of sub-modules, the first r-th submodule is the last submodule, and the reference submodule Pivot may be the first submodule.
it is checked whether the capacitor voltage (List [i]) of the i-th sub-module is larger than the capacitor voltage (Pivot [1]) of the first sub-module (S313).
If the capacitor voltage (List [i]) of the ith submodule is larger than the capacitor voltage (Pivot [1]) of the first submodule, the capacitor voltage List [r] of the rth submodule is connected to the capacitor Is smaller than the voltage (Pivot [1]) (S315).
If the capacitor voltage (List [i]) of the i-th submodule is smaller than the capacitor voltage (Pivot [1]) of the first submodule, check whether the position of the i-th submodule and the position of the r-th submodule are the same S325). If the position of the i-th sub-module is not the same as the position of the r-th sub-module, it is moved to the next sub-module of the i-th sub-module (i = i + 1). If the position of the i-th sub-module is the same as the position of the r-th sub-module, the process can be moved to S321.
If the capacitor voltage (List [r]) of the rth submodule is larger than the capacitor voltage (Pivot [1]) of the first submodule, it is moved to the previous submodule of the rth submodule (r = , The process can be moved to S313.
If the capacitor voltage (List [r]) of the rth submodule is smaller than the capacitor voltage (Pivot [1]) of the first submodule, the position of the ith submodule and the position of the rth submodule are exchanged S317). Accordingly, the i-th sub-module is moved to the position of the r-th sub-module and the r-th sub-module can be exchanged to the position of the i-th sub-module.
Next, it is confirmed whether the rth submodule is smaller than the i th submodule (S319). That is, in other words, it can be confirmed whether the rth submodule passes the i th submodule. In other words, the relationship between i and r can be determined based on the arrangement order of the submodules.
For example, assume that the first to fifth sub-modules are provided.
If the i-th sub-module becomes the third sub-module and r becomes the fourth sub-module, r is larger than the i-th sub-module and can be moved to S323.
If the i-th sub-module is the fourth sub-module and r is the third sub-module, r is smaller than the i-th sub-module and therefore can be moved to S321.
If the rth submodule is larger than the i th submodule in S319, the i th submodule is moved to the next submodule of the i th submodule (i = i + 1), and the r th submodule is moved (R = r-1) (S323).
For example, if the current i-th sub-module is the third sub-module, the fourth sub-module is moved to the fifth sub-module if r is the sixth sub-module.
S313 to S319 may be repeatedly performed on the newly moved sub-module (i = i + 1, r = r-1).
If the rth submodule is smaller than the i th submodule in step S319, the position of the reference submodule and the position of the rth submodule are interchanged (step S321).
Subsequently, S311 to S321 can be repeatedly performed on the left submodule group of the newly moved reference submodule and the left submodule group of the newly moved reference submodule on the basis of the newly moved reference submodule .
This repetitive operation can be performed until the capacitor voltages of each of the plurality of submodules are aligned in a row.
6 to 10 show how a plurality of submodules are aligned according to a voltage balancing control method of a modular multilevel converter.
Referring to Fig. 5, Figs. 6 to 10 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 6A, the first to seventh sub-modules SM1 to SM7 may be provided.
In this case, the capacitor voltage of each submodule is shown in the following table.
At this time, the first sub-module SM1 may be set as a reference sub-module.
As shown in FIG. 6B, the second sub-module SM2 may be set as the i-th sub-module and the seventh sub-module SM7 may be set as the r-th sub-module (see S311 of FIG. 5).
The reference sub-module 6pF, which is the capacitor voltage of the second sub-module SM2, is larger than 5pF, which is the capacitor voltage of the first sub-module SM1 (see S313 in Fig. 5) Since 1 pF is smaller than 5 pF, which is the capacitor voltage of the first sub-module SM1 (see S315 in Fig. 5), the positions of the second sub-module SM2 and the seventh sub- (See S317 in FIG. 5).
6D, since the seventh sub-module SM7 is larger than the second sub-module SM2 (see S319 in Fig. 5), the i-th sub- Module SM3 and the rth sub-module may be set as the sixth sub-module SM6 before the seventh sub-module SM7 (see S323 in Fig. 5).
Since the capacitor voltage of the third sub-module SM3 is smaller than the capacitor voltage of the first sub-module SM1 (refer to S313 in FIG. 5), the i-th sub-module is connected to the fourth sub- (See S 317).
When operated in this manner, since the capacitor voltage of the fifth sub-module SM5 is larger than the voltage of the first sub-module SM1, it can be shifted to S31 at this time. Since the capacitor voltage of the sixth sub-module SM6 is smaller than the capacitor voltage of the first sub-module SM1 (refer to S315 in FIG. 5), the position of the fifth sub-module SM5 And the position of the sixth sub-module SM6 can be interchanged (see S317 in Fig. 5).
5, the i-th sub-module is set to the sixth sub-module SM6 and the r-th sub-module is set to the fifth sub-module SM5 (step S323 of FIG. 5 Reference).
The capacitor voltage of the sixth sub-module SM6 is greater than the voltage of the first sub-module SM1 and the capacitor voltage of the fifth sub-module SM5 is less than the first capacitor voltage, Module SM6 is set to be larger than the fifth sub-module SM5 set as the r-th sub-module.
Since the sixth sub-module SM6 set as the i-th sub-module is larger than the fifth sub-module SM5 set as the r-th sub-module, as shown in FIG. 6G, the position of the sub- SM5 can be exchanged with each other.
5, the first sub-module SM1 is moved to the position of the fifth sub-module SM5, and the fifth sub-module SM5 is moved to the position of the first sub- And can be moved to the position of the module SM1.
And can be divided into two sub-module groups based on the first sub-module SM1 moved to the position of the fifth sub-module SM5.
For example, the submodules disposed on the left side of the newly moved first submodule SM1, that is, the sixth submodule SM6, the seventh submodule SM7, the third submodule SM3, Module SM4 may be included in the first sub-module SM1 group.
For example, the submodules disposed on the right side of the newly moved first submodule SM1, that is, the fifth submodule SM5 and the second submodule SM2 may be included in the second submodule group.
Accordingly, S311 to S327 shown in FIG. 5 are performed for each of the submodules included in the first and second submodule groups, and the reference submodule can be moved to a new position in each submodule group.
Subsequently, two submodule groups are divided around the reference submodule moved to a new position in each submodule, and S311 to S327 shown in FIG. 5 may be performed for each of the divided submodule groups.
This repetitive operation can be performed until the capacitor voltages of the first to seventh sub-modules SM1 to SM7 are sequentially arranged from a small value to a large value.
For example, the sixth sub-module SM6, the seventh sub-module SM7, the third sub-module SM3 and the fourth sub-module SM4 included in the first sub-module SM1 group shown in Fig. 6 As a result of performing S311 to S327 shown in FIG. 5, the positions of the sixth sub-module SM6 and the fourth sub-module SM4, which are the reference sub-module and the fourth sub-module SM4, .
In this case, the fourth sub-module SM4, the seventh sub-module SM7 and the third sub-module SM3 disposed on the left side of the sixth sub-module SM6 moved to the position of the fourth sub- S311 to S327 shown in Fig. 5 may be performed. As a result of performing S311 to S327, the position of the fourth sub-module SM4 and the position of the seventh sub-module SM7, which are reference submodules, can be exchanged as shown in FIG.
On the other hand, for example, as a result of performing S311 to S327 shown in FIG. 5 for the fifth sub-module SM5 and the second sub-module SM2 included in the second sub-module group shown in FIG. 6, As shown in the figure, the position of the fifth sub-module SM5 and the position of the second sub-module SM2 may be interchanged.
As a result of repeatedly performing S311 to S327 shown in FIG. 5 for the first to seventh sub-modules SM1 to SM7 (FIGS. 6 to 9), the capacitor voltage of each sub- They can be sorted in order from small to large.
That is, a seventh sub-module SM7 having a capacitor voltage of 1 pF, a fourth sub-module SM4 having a capacitor voltage of 2 pF, a third sub-module SM3 having a capacitor voltage of 3 pF, Module SM6 having a capacitor voltage of 5 pF, a second sub-module SM2 having a capacitor voltage of 6 pF and a fifth sub-module SM5 having a capacitor voltage of 7 pF .
According to the present invention, the reference submodule is moved to the position of one of the plurality of submodules, and the reference submodule is moved to a plurality of submodules arranged on at least one side of the newly moved reference submodule And the reference submodule is moved to a position of one of the plurality of submodules, and this operation is repeatedly performed until the capacitor voltages of the respective submodules are aligned in a row according to the magnitude relationship, The submodule sorting can be performed efficiently and quickly.
In summary, in the past, when a plurality of arms have several hundreds of submodules, and when the capacitor voltages of the submodules are different, in order to adjust the capacitor voltage of each submodule to be constant, The capacitor voltage has to be aligned, but the alignment of the submodules is not fast. If the submodule is not quickly activated, efficient control of each submodule is not achieved, which may ultimately shorten the life of the submodule or the life of the arm.
In contrast, in the present invention, a reference submodule among a plurality of submodule modules is set as in the sorting algorithm shown in FIG. 5, the reference submodule is moved to a specific position among a plurality of submodules, The submodules are divided into a plurality of submodules divided into a plurality of submodules, and the submodules are repeatedly operated in an efficient manner, .
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-described method can be implemented as a code readable by a processor on a medium on which a program is recorded. Examples of the medium that can be read by the processor include ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage, etc., and may be implemented in the form of a carrier wave (e.g., transmission over the Internet) .
The embodiments described above are not limited to the configurations and methods described above, but the embodiments may be configured by selectively combining all or a part of the embodiments so that various modifications can be made.
Claims (8)
Determining a number of submodules to be turned on among the plurality of submodules based on the reference voltage;
Aligning the plurality of submodules according to the magnitude of the capacitor voltage;
Selecting submodules corresponding to the determined number of the sorted submodules; And
And controlling the selected sub-module to be switched,
Wherein aligning the plurality of submodules comprises:
a) setting a reference sub-module, an i-th sub-module and an r-th sub-module among the plurality of sub-modules;
b) determining a magnitude relation between a capacitor voltage of the i-th submodule and a capacitor voltage of the reference submodule, and a magnitude relation between a capacitor voltage of the r-th submodule and a capacitor voltage of the reference submodule;
(c) if the capacitor voltage of the i-th sub-module is greater than the capacitor voltage of the reference sub-module and the capacitor voltage of the r-th submodule is less than the capacitor voltage of the reference submodule, Exchanging positions of the first sub-module with each other;
d) repeatedly performing the steps a) to c) until the capacitor voltage of the i-th sub-module is greater than the capacitor voltage of the r-th sub-module; And
e) exchanging the position of the reference sub-module and the position of the r-th sub-module, if the capacitor voltage of the i-th sub-module is greater than the capacitor voltage of the r-
Wherein the reference submodule is a first submodule and the i th submodule is one of submodules subsequent to a second submodule of the plurality of submodules, A method of controlling voltage balancing of a modular multilevel converter that is one of the submodules.
f) setting a submodule after the i-th submodule as a new i-th submodule when the capacitor voltage of the i-th submodule is smaller than the capacitor voltage of the reference submodule; And
g) if the capacitor voltage of the rth submodule is greater than the capacitor voltage of the reference submodule, setting the submodule before the rth submodule as a new rth submodule, The voltage balancing control method.
h) if the capacitor voltage of the reference submodule is greater than the capacitor voltage of the i th submodule, checking whether the position of the i th submodule and the position of the r th submodule are the same; And
i) performing the step e) when the position of the i-th sub-module is identical to the position of the r-th sub-module.
j) if the position of the i-th sub-module is not the same as the position of the r-th sub-module, performing the step f).
k) if the capacitor voltage of the rth submodule is greater than the capacitor voltage of the i th submodule, sets the submodule after the i th submodule as a new i th submodule, And setting the module as a new r-th sub-module.
1) performing a) through k) on submodules included in a submodule group arranged on at least one side of the reference submodule moved to the position of the rth submodule Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > modular multilevel converter.
m) repeating the steps a) to l) until the capacitor voltage of each of the plurality of submodules is aligned in order from a small value to a large value. .
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| KR102393893B1 (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2022-05-03 | 엘에스일렉트릭(주) | Test circuit for submodule performance test in a power compensator |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| Daniel Siemaszko et al. "Fast Sorting Method for Balancing Capacitor Voltages in Modular Multilevel Converters".IEEE.2014. |
| K. Ilves et al. "Predictive Sorting Algorithm for Modular Multilevel Converters Minimizing the Spread in the Submodule Capacitor Voltages". IEEE. 2014. |
| R. Darus et al. "A Modified Voltage Balancing Algorithm for the Modular Multilevel Converter: Evaluation for Staircase and Phase-Disposition PWM. IEEE. 2014. |
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