KR101725048B1 - Carbohydrate and protein separation process from food waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for separating carbohydrates and proteins in food wastes, comprising the steps of (1) crushing organic wastes from which lipid has been removed; Adding a microbial culture liquid to the pulverized organic waste (step 2); Adding distilled water to the mixture prepared in step 2 (step 3); And separating the carbohydrate from the mixture prepared in the step 3 (step 4). In the method of recycling organic waste from which lipid has been removed, the carbohydrate from the lipid- Food waste can be completely recycled without the organic matter being abandoned through the process of separating the protein.

Description

[0001] Carbohydrate and protein separation processes in food waste [0003]

The present invention relates to a process for separating carbohydrates and proteins from food wastes, and more particularly, to a method for separating carbohydrates and proteins from food wastes from which fat is removed, and a method for recycling separated carbohydrates and proteins.

Generally, the food waste to be collected is processed through drying, incineration and composting. However, such a treatment method is costly, and when it is treated by incineration, pollution may occur. Therefore, a method of recycling to fertilizer or feed rather than incineration This trend is favored.

However, fertilizers and feedstuffs recycled from food waste have a problem of low cost and low economic efficiency of recycling, and there is a problem that these fertilizers and feedstuffs are not in great demand and that demand is not expected in urban areas .

In Korea, unlike foreign countries, food waste is collected and discarded. Therefore, it is required to simplify the process for disposal of food waste and unique technology for domestic situation.

From the viewpoint of solving environmental problems and energy problems related to the treatment of food waste due to the shortage of landfill, it is necessary to study the treatment and utilization of food waste. Especially, resource depletion due to excessive use of fossil fuel, environmental pollution and warming , It is necessary to study various aspects of food waste disposal in consideration of the trend of strengthening regulations on the use of fossil fuels and spreading of renewable energy.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for separating carbohydrate and protein from lipid-removed food waste.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method of recovering zero-waste resources by using food waste from which lipid is removed.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing useful substances using recovered carbohydrates and proteins.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a method for treating organic wastes, comprising the steps of: (1) crushing organic wastes from which lipid has been removed; Adding a microbial culture liquid to the pulverized organic waste (step 2); Adding distilled water to the mixture prepared in step 2 (step 3); And separating the carbohydrate from the mixture produced in step 3 (step 4).

The microbial culture may be a supernatant of a centrifuged culture of Bacillus thuringiensis.

The step of separating the carbohydrate in step 4 may be to evaporate the supernatant of the mixture prepared in step 3 and to recover the remaining residue.

The method may further include the step of producing a useful substance using the carbohydrate separated in the step 4.

The useful substance produced using the separated carbohydrate may be lactic acid or alcohol.

The step of producing a useful substance using the separated carbohydrate may be performed using Lactobacillus or may be performed using Yeast.

Separating the carbohydrate from the step 4 and separating the protein from the remaining mixture (step 5).

The step of separating the protein may be a step of separating the carbohydrate and recovering the remnant of the remaining mixed liquor.

The method may further include a step of producing a useful substance using the protein separated in the step 5.

Wherein the useful substance produced using the separated protein is a lipid, an alcohol, or a lactic acid.

The step of producing the useful substance using the separated protein may be carried out using Bacillus subtilis or bacillus thurengensis, or may be performed using Lactobacillus or may be performed using Yeast.

The organic waste from which the lipid has been removed is obtained by pulverizing organic wastes including fat such as manure waste and food wastes collected by a pulverizer, separating the impurities, separating the fat by supplying water and reducing the amount of water, May be removed organic wastes.

The present invention can completely recycle food waste without organic matter abandoned through the process of separating carbohydrates and proteins from the food waste from which lipid has been removed.

The present invention provides a biomass resource recovery of food waste, and it is possible to construct a recycling process system for producing various useful materials such as bio-energy, bio-compound, etc., thereby obtaining useful resources from food waste.

The present invention is eco-friendly because it is possible to recycle food waste that does not generate toxic waste through the process using microorganisms.

1 is a schematic diagram of an overall process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the HPLC analysis result of the solution obtained through the carbohydrate recovery process according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing HPLC analysis results of a lactic acid-producing solution using the water-soluble carbohydrate produced according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing an HPLC analysis result of a solution obtained by fermenting ethanol using a water-soluble carbohydrate produced according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of HPLC analysis of lipids produced using the recovered protein and Bacillus thurengensis according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary meanings and should be construed in accordance with the technical meanings and concepts of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention provides a method for separating carbohydrates and proteins from lipid-depleted organic wastes.

A method for separating carbohydrates and proteins from organic wastes according to the present invention comprises separating carbohydrates from organic wastes and then separating the proteins from the remaining mixture.

First, in order to separate carbohydrates from organic wastes,

Pulverizing the organic waste that has been degreased (step 1);

Adding a microbial culture liquid to the pulverized organic waste (step 2);

Adding distilled water to the mixture prepared in step 2 (step 3); And

And separating the carbohydrate from the mixture produced in step 3 (step 4).

Organic wastes are mainly organic wastes mainly including organic wastes, but they are not limited thereto. The organic wastes that can be recycled according to the present invention are preferably food wastes .

The organic waste from which the lipid is removed according to the present invention is obtained by pulverizing organic wastes including fat such as collected manure waste and food wastes by a pulverizer, separating the crude oil, reducing the water content, and supplying the solvent to separate the fat Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > de-lipid < / RTI >

The lipid separation step may be to remove the hydrophilic material in the organic waste by using an ionic liquid to separate the fat from the organic waste, dissolve the fat through the organic solvent, and separate through the phase separation.

In addition, the fat separation can be performed using a supercritical fluid, for example, carbon dioxide can be used as the supercritical fluid, and the fat separation using the supercritical fluid continuously supplies the organic waste to the separation step, It may be a process of sequentially dissolving the material while mixing with the critical fluid and gradually decreasing the temperature and pressure.

Step 1 is a step of crushing the organic wastes from which the lipid has been removed by using a crusher.

Step 2 is a step of adding a microorganism culture liquid to the pulverized organic waste. As the microorganism culture liquid, a supernatant formed by centrifuging the cultured Bacillus thuringiensis culture can be used.

For example, Bacillus thuringinesis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Paenibacillus may be used as the microorganism strain, but the growth rate is faster than that of other Bacillus-derived microorganisms, It is preferable to use Bacillus thuringinesis.

The supernatant of the Bacillus thuringiensis culture solution may be contained in an amount of 30 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the pulverized organic matter. When the supernatant is contained in an amount of less than 30 parts by weight, the starch degrading enzyme, amylase and cellulase There is a problem that it is difficult to carry out a smooth saccharification process. If it is contained in an amount exceeding 60 parts by weight, the amount of the strain contained in the culture liquid increases and the amount of the substrate becomes insufficient. There is a problem.

Mixing the supernatant with the pulverized organic waste, followed by stirring in an incubator at 20 ° C to 50 ° C for 30 minutes to 3 hours, wherein the incubator may be a shaking incubator.

When the reaction temperature is less than 20 ° C or more than 50 ° C, there is a problem that the enzyme activity of amylase and cellulase secreted by the microorganism is inhibited. When the reaction time is less than 30 minutes, the reaction is less and the yield of carbohydrate recovery is lowered The organic waste is not fully recycled. If the reaction time exceeds 3 hours, the reaction has already been completed. Therefore, there is a problem that the energy required for the reaction is wasted. Therefore, in an incubator at 20 ° C to 50 ° C It is preferable to stir for 30 minutes to 3 hours.

Step 3 is a step of adding distilled water to the mixture prepared in step 2, wherein distilled water may be included in an amount of 20 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the pulverized organic material.

At this time, it may further include the step of allowing the mixture of Step 3 to which distilled water has been added to be left for 30 minutes to 90 minutes, and this step of neglecting is a step of inducing precipitation of the precipitate which has not been previously precipitated.

The distilled water has an effect of increasing the sedimentation efficiency of organic wastes. However, when less than 20 parts by weight is added to 100 parts by weight of the ground organic material, the precipitation efficiency is decreased. When the organic matter is contained more than 60 parts by weight, the carbohydrate recovery step Since the amount of energy required for drying during lyophilization increases, it is preferably contained in an amount of 20 to 60 parts by weight, more preferably 30 to 50 parts by weight.

Since the supernatant of the mixture prepared in Step 3 contains carbohydrate and the precipitate of the supernatant contains protein, Step 4 is performed to separate the carbohydrate first.

Step 4 comprises separating the carbohydrate from the mixture prepared in step 3, and collecting the supernatant of the mixture prepared in step 3 and drying.

Specifically, it may be a step of collecting the supernatant of the mixture prepared in step 3, drying in a drier for 20 to 30 hours, and recovering the remnant remnant, which is carbohydrate recovered from the organic waste.

Drying can be carried out by any method of natural drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying or thermal drying, but it is possible to keep the original properties intact, to freeze for a long time and to freeze-dry Is preferably used.

The present invention may further comprise the step of producing another useful substance by using the recovered carbohydrate as a carbon source (saccharified liquid), and the useful substance may be, for example, lactic acid or ethanol.

In order to produce lactic acid, a process of culturing using Lactobacillus may be performed, and a process of fermentation using yeast may be performed to produce ethanol.

For example, in order to produce lactic acid, Lactobacillus is added to the M9 medium to which 1% to 5% of glycated solution is added at a concentration of 1% to 3%, and cultured at 25 to 35 ° C for 20 to 30 hours, The culture solution is centrifuged and the supernatant is collected to produce lactic acid.

The M9 medium is a medium containing minimal nutrients to which microorganisms can grow. Since the M9 medium does not contain a carbon source or a nitrogen source, it can be used as a carbon source to confirm the growth of microorganisms and produce useful substances.

The M9 medium can have a generally known composition, for example, 0.015 g / l CaCl2, 6 g / l Na2HPO4, 3 g / l KH2PO4, 1 g / l NaCl and 0.5 g / l MgSO4.

On the other hand, in order to produce ethanol, yeast is added to the M9 medium to which 1% to 5% of glycated solution is added at a concentration of 1% to 3%, and the fermentation is carried out at 35 ° C to 45 ° C under anaerobic conditions for 20 hours to 30 hours , Ethanol is produced by centrifuging the fermentation broth and collecting the supernatant.

The present invention may further comprise a step of recovering the carbohydrate from the organic waste from which the lipid has been removed by the above process, and recovering the protein.

The supernatant in the mixture prepared in step 3 is used for the carbohydrate recovery process, and the protein can be recovered using the residue precipitated in the lower layer.

In this case, since the supernatant is collected through Step 3 and the remaining precipitate is the recovered protein, the protein can be recovered without a separate protein recovery process.

The present invention may further include a process for producing lipid, alcohol, and computer as useful materials by using the recovered protein as a nitrogen source.

First, 0.1% to 2.0% of the protein recovered by the above method is added to the M9 medium to produce lipid, and the carbon source and the strain of Bacillus are added, followed by culturing at 25 ° C to 35 ° C for 24 hours to 60 hours.

As the carbon source, for example, carbohydrates and carbohydrate mixtures such as glucose and sucrose can be used, as well as carbohydrates recovered by the method according to the present invention.

As the Bacillus strain, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thurngensis may be used, but are not limited thereto.

Next, the culture solution is centrifuged, washed with water 1 to 3 times, and then lyophilized for 12 to 24 hours to produce lipid.

<Experimental Example>

1. Carbohydrate recovery process

The lipid-free food waste was crushed by a mixer and then placed in a 50 ml Falcon tube. The cultured Bacillus thuringiensis culture was centrifuged and 10 ml of the supernatant was added to the Falcon tube to prepare a sample.

After the supernatant was added, the mixture was stirred for about 2 hours in a shaking incubator at 37 ° C, and 10 ml of distilled water was added and left for 30 minutes.

The supernatant of the leftover mixture was collected and the carbohydrate was recovered by evaporation in a freeze dryer for one day.

The recovered carbohydrate was analyzed using HPLC (YL-9100, Korea). RI detector and Hi splex pb column were used at a flow rate of 0.6 ml / min and a temperature of 75 ° C. 100% HPLC grade water, and the results are shown in Fig.

2. Production of useful substances using recovered carbohydrates

2-1. Lactic acid production

2% of the recovered carbohydrate (saccharified liquid) and 2% of Lactobacillus were added to the M9 medium and cultured at 30 ° C for 24 hours. Then, the supernatant obtained by centrifugation was collected and analyzed by HPLC. The result is shown in FIG. .

The composition of the M9 medium used herein was 0.015 g / l CaCl2, 6 g / l Na2HPO4, 3 g / l KH2PO4, 1 g / l NaCl and 0.5 g / l MgSO4.

2-2. Ethanol production

2% of the recovered carbohydrate (saccharified liquid) and 2% of yeast were added to the M9 medium, cultured at 37 ° C for 24 hours by anaerobic fermentation, and centrifuged to collect the supernatant. Respectively.

3. Protein recovery process

The supernatant of the mixed solution left during the carbohydrate recovery process was collected and the remaining precipitate was collected.

4. Production of useful substances by recovered proteins

4-1. Lipid production

M9 medium supplemented with 0.5% of recovered protein, 2% of glucose as carbon source and 2% of Bacillus thurengensis were added and cultured at 30 ° C for 48 hours. The centrifuged cells were washed twice with water and lyophilized for 24 hours.

GC-FID analysis was performed to determine the type of lipid produced. First, the standard sample was analyzed using GC-FID and the retention time of fatty acid in the standard sample was confirmed. Next, methanol, H2SO4 and chloroform were added to the prepared samples, and the mixture was heated and cooled at 100 ° C for 2 hours and 30 minutes to convert to FAME. As a result, it was confirmed that various lipids could be produced. Respectively.

For the analysis, a Supelco DB-1 column (30 m × 0.32 mm × 10 μm) was used as the YL6100 GC System (Korea), the inlet temperature was 250 ° C., the mobile phase was He 3 ml / min, And the temperature was maintained at 300 ° C for 20 minutes. The detector was operated at 300 ° C with a FID detector, with a gas mixture of H2 30 ml / min and Air 300 ml / min .

4-2. Alcohol production

M9 medium supplemented with 0.5% protein, 2% glucose, and 2% Bacillus thurengensis was added and cultured at 30 ° C for 24 hours. The supernatant was collected and filtered to confirm the production of alcohol.

4-3. Lactic acid production

0.5% protein recovered in M9 medium, 2% glucose and 2% yeast were added and incubated at 30 ° C for 24 hours with anaerobic fermentation. The supernatant obtained by centrifugation was collected and filtered to confirm production of lactic acid.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. In addition, it is a matter of course that various modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention by anyone having ordinary skill in the art.

Claims (15)

Pulverizing the organic waste that has been degreased (step 1);
Adding a supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis culture to the pulverized organic waste (step 2);
Adding distilled water to the mixture prepared in step 2 (step 3);
Evaporating the supernatant from the mixture prepared in the step 3 and recovering the remaining residue to separate the carbohydrate (step 4); And
Separating the carbohydrate in step 4 and recovering the remaining residue of the lower layer of the mixed liquor to separate proteins (step 5);
&Lt; / RTI &gt; wherein the organic waste is recycled.
delete delete The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising the step of producing a useful substance using the carbohydrate separated in step 4 above.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the useful substance is lactic acid or an alcohol.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the step of producing the useful substance is performed using Lactobacillus.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the step of producing the useful substance comprises fermentation using yeast.
delete delete The method according to claim 1,
The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of producing a useful substance by using the protein separated in step (5).
11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the useful substance is a lipid, an alcohol, or a lactic acid.
11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the step of producing the useful substance is carried out using Bacillus subtilis or bacillus thurengensis.
11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the step of producing the useful substance is performed using Lactobacillus.
11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the step of producing the useful substance comprises fermentation using yeast.
The method according to claim 1,
The organic waste from which the lipid has been removed is obtained by pulverizing organic wastes including fat such as manure waste and food wastes collected by a pulverizer, separating the impurities, separating the fat by supplying water and reducing the amount of water, Wherein the organic wastes are removed organic wastes.

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