A kind of extracting method of microalgae grease
Technical field
The present invention relates to the extracting method of a kind of microalgae grease, relate in particular to a kind of method adopting Aqueous phase to extract microalgae grease.
Background technology
Microalgae is that a class grows in water, of a great variety and distribution rudimentary plant extremely widely. This kind of biology has efficient photosynthesis response system, it is possible to pass through CO2Fixing, convert light energy into chemical energy, and be stored in somatic cell with the organic form such as oils and fats or starch. Along with pressure and the environmental problem of human society shortage of resources are increasingly serious, microalgae is utilized to carry out biodiesel and the exploitation of part fossil energy substitute products thereof, it has also become the focus of research at present.
Utilizing microalgae to carry out production of biodiesel is a complicated system engineering, contains multiple sport technique segment, several aspects such as including the screening of microalgae algae kind and cultivation, the scale evaluation of microalgae and induction Lipid-producing, the collection of oils and fats and processing. Microalgae starts from the sixties in 20th century as the research of biodiesel raw material, in recent years, along with the development of biotechnology, by the biogenic reworking to algae kind, having obtained the abundant microalgae resource with high oil productive capacity, therefore this novel production of biodiesel pattern has application prospect very much.
Microalgae is as a kind of novel biomass energy, and its advantage is apparent from, but on it utilizes, from current progress, also in the starting stage. Current research is concentrated mainly on screening advantage algae kind, improves oil algae growth pressure, increases fat content aspect, and the research improving oils and fats yield, setting up the aspects such as industrialized process for extracting is also little. But, for the research of microalgae, its final purpose is will towards petrochemical industry, the problem solving alternative energy source, so exploring efficient, to be suitable to the grease extraction of large-scale production and application research should become the direction of modern later research in period.
The fat content difference of microalgae is very big; at variety classes; bigger difference is there is also between even same kind of different lines; some are prone to the algae kind of pilot scale culture; its fat content typically constitutes from the 20%��50% of dry cell weight; well below conventional oil crop, therefore the grease extraction of some classics is not suitable for the extraction of microalgae grease. CN200810240949.3 discloses one and extracts oils and fats and method of protein from microalgae simultaneously, and the method, with wet algae mud as a raw material, is regulated pH value to alkalescence or alkalescence, carried out the dissolution of the breaking cellular wall of microalgae cell, oils and fats and protein by steam. The molten slurry of gained microalgae obtains oils and fats and protein mixture after elimination is except cell residue, then utilizes cyclone hydraulic separators to carry out oil-water separation, it is thus achieved that microalgae grease. Because the specific surface area of microalgae cell is very big, and the phospholipid composition content on cell membrane is significantly high, although therefore the method preparation technology is simple, but owing to have employed the pretreatment mode of filtration, adds the loss rate of lubricant component. CN200910060589.3 discloses the extracting method of a kind of microbial grease and short-link alcohol fatty acid ester thereof, including: regulate moisture: include the wet culture that the water content containing grease microorganism is 20��90% obtaining; Microwave treatment: wet culture is carried out the broken born of the same parents of microwave radiation and makes water content be down to 5%��40%; Short chain alcohol processes: oils and fats in the effect lower part alcoholysis microbial body of base catalyst, simultaneously oil and grease extracting; Recycling design: make solid-liquid separation, and reclaim, through evaporation, the mixture obtaining microbial grease and short-link alcohol fatty acid ester after short chain alcohol. The method adds short chain alcohol solvent after microalgae carries out the broken born of the same parents of microwave treatment and processes, although the cell membrane phospholipid layer after broken born of the same parents is had certain dissolution by this short chain alcohol solvent, but the limited efficiency that its alcohol dissolves, short chain alcohol mainly participates in base catalyzed reactions.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the extracting method of a kind of microalgae grease. The present invention adopts Aqueous phase to extract microalgae grease, has that operating process is simple, microalgae grease yield high, advantages of environment protection.
The extracting method of microalgae grease of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) in the microalgae collected, add certain density inorganic salt solution and aqueous slkali agitating heating, utilize the synergism of alkali and salt to make cell wall lysis, crush;
(2) fatty acid ester discharged in born of the same parents continues, with alkali generation saponification, to generate soap;
(3) frustule fragment is removed;
(4) in system, continuously add inorganic salt solution, make soap precipitate out, solid collected by filtration;
(5) in soap, add mineral acid, acidifying, obtain free fatty, collect product fatty acid.
Microalgae of the present invention may come from any oil-producing microalgae with accumulation oils and fats, fatty acid ability, as being chlorella, diatom, red algae etc., and especially chlorella or Wild Vitis species. The microalgae collected can be microalgae powder can also be microalgae mud.
Inorganic salt described in step (1) can be NaNO3��Na2CO3��NaHCO3, sodium ascorbyl phosphate, one in potassium phosphate, concentration is 0.01 ~ 0.03mol/L. Inorganic salt solution can utilize the culture fluid preparation separated after collecting microalgae with frustule. Described aqueous slkali can be mass concentration be 10% ~ 30% NaOH solution or KOH solution. The mass volume ratio of the microalgae (quality with dry weight basis) collected and inorganic salt solution and aqueous slkali is for 1:5 ~ 1:10, and wherein inorganic salt solution is 5:1 ~ 1:1 with the volume ratio of aqueous slkali.
Heating-up temperature described in step (1) can be 50 ~ 70oC, agitating heating time 20 ~ 120min.
The described removing frustule fragment of step (3) can adopt membrane filtration or centrifugal filtration.
Step (4) described inorganic salt is consistent with what add in step (1), the unsaturated solution of can be concentration be 0.8 ~ 3mol/L or the saturated solution of inorganic salt, being preferably the saturated solution of inorganic salt, the volume mass ratio of the microalgae of addition and collection (quality with dry weight basis) is for 10:1 ~ 5:1.
Mineral acid described in step (5) can be the one in sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and being acidified to pH is 1 ~ 4, and described collection fatty acid can adopt centrifugal method, and after centrifugal, fatty acid better separates with aqueous phase, phase product in collection.
Compared with prior art, the inventive method has the advantage that
(1) adopt the mode that saline solution and aqueous slkali combine that microalgae cell is carried out break process, microalgae cell is had autolysis by the addition of saline solution on the one hand, the saponification of the opposing party's flour base can make frustule wall rapid solution, under heating and stirring condition, the synergism of salt and alkali can significantly improve the yield of frustule crushing effect and oils and fats.
(2) by first oils and fats being transformed into the process of salt and then precipitation, by other water-soluble macromolecule Organic substances and other magazins' layout in good for oils and fats and frustule, the extraction of oils and fats is carried out with purifying a step, significantly reduces the load that time prepared by biodiesel, early stage processes.
(3) inorganic salt that salting-out process uses is a kind of nutritive salt in micro-algae culture medium, and the liquid separated after saltouing is rich in inorganic nutrient salt, it is possible to the component as micro-algae culture medium continues reuse.
The inventive method adopts Aqueous phase to extract microalgae grease, belongs to low energy consumption, environmentally friendly technology path, has technique simple simultaneously, it is easy to amplify the feature high with oils and fats yield.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention sent out the detailed process of method and effect illustrates, but be not limited to following example. In the present invention, oils and fats yield=(product fatty acid quality/initial frustule dry weight) �� 100%.
Embodiment 1
Microalgae is chlorella (chlorellavulgaris), through 10L bioreactor cultivate 10 days, cultivate terminate time analyze frustule concentration is 1.82g/L(dry weight basis). Take 5L microalgae liquid to be centrifuged, control centrifuge RPMs 4000rpm, centrifugation time 3min, obtain microalgae mud. The Na of 0.03mol/L is added in microalgae mud2CO3The sodium hydroxide solution 45ml of solution 45ml and 10%. Above-mentioned system is heated to 60oC, stirs simultaneously, keep 100min, carry out the saponification of cell breakage and oils and fats. It is 10 by membrane aperture afterwards-1��m micro-filtrate membrane filtration, remove frond cell, fragment. The Na of 1mol/L is continuously added in liquid system2CO3Solution 90ml, makes soap precipitate out, solid collected by filtration; Fatty acid salt solid is dissolved in a small amount of water, adds hydrochloric acid solution and be acidified to pH2.0, obtain free fatty; By this system centrifugal treating, phase in collection, obtaining the acid of 3.02g product fatty, oils and fats yield is 33.2%.
Embodiment 2
Microalgae is Wild Vitis species, through 10L bioreactor cultivate 10 days, cultivate terminate time analyze frustule concentration is 1.78g/L(dry weight basis). Take 5L microalgae liquid to be centrifuged, control centrifuge RPMs 4000rpm, centrifugation time 5min, obtain microalgae mud, by microalgae mud drying, milled processed, obtain the micro-algae powder of 8.9g. The NaNO of 0.02mol/L is added in micro-algae powder3The sodium hydroxide solution 29ml of solution 58ml and 30%. Above-mentioned system is heated to 70oC, stirs simultaneously, keep 120min, carry out the saponification of cell breakage and oils and fats. It is 10 by membrane aperture afterwards-1��m micro-filtrate membrane filtration, remove frond cell, fragment. The NaNO of 1.5mol/L is continuously added in liquid system3Solution 45ml, makes soap precipitate out, solid collected by filtration; Fatty acid salt solid is dissolved in a small amount of water, adds hydrochloric acid solution and be acidified to pH3.0, obtain free fatty; By this system centrifugal treating, phase in collection, obtaining the acid of 3.12g product fatty, oils and fats yield is 35.1%.
Embodiment 3
Microalgae is Wild Vitis species, through 10L bioreactor cultivate 10 days, cultivate terminate time analyze frustule concentration is 1.92g/L(dry weight basis). Take 5L microalgae liquid to be centrifuged, control centrifuge RPMs 4000rpm, centrifugation time 5min, obtain microalgae mud, by microalgae mud drying, milled processed, obtain the micro-algae powder of 9.6g. The KH of 0.03mol/L is added in micro-algae powder2PO4The potassium hydroxide solution 40ml of solution 40ml and 10%. Above-mentioned system is heated to 50oC, stirs simultaneously, keep 120min, carry out the saponification of cell breakage and oils and fats. It is 10 by membrane aperture afterwards-1��m micro-filtrate membrane filtration, remove frond cell, fragment. The KH of 1.5mol/L is continuously added in liquid system2PO4Solution 48ml, makes soap precipitate out, solid collected by filtration; Fatty acid salt solid is dissolved in a small amount of water, adds hydrochloric acid solution and be acidified to pH3.0, obtain free fatty; By this system centrifugal treating, phase in collection, obtaining the acid of 3.40g product fatty, oils and fats yield is 35.4%.
Embodiment 4
Microalgae is chlorella, through 10L bioreactor cultivate 10 days, cultivate terminate time analyze frustule concentration is 1.93g/L(dry weight basis). Take 5L microalgae liquid to be centrifuged, control centrifuge RPMs 4000rpm, centrifugation time 5min, obtain microalgae mud, by microalgae mud drying, milled processed, obtain the micro-algae powder of 9.65g. The K of 0.01mol/L is added in micro-algae powder2HPO4��3H2The potassium hydroxide solution 20ml of O solution 50ml and 20%. Above-mentioned system is heated to 50oC, stirs simultaneously, keep 120min, carry out the saponification of cell breakage and oils and fats. It is 10 by membrane aperture afterwards-1��m micro-filtrate membrane filtration, remove frond cell, fragment. The K of 1mol/L is continuously added in liquid system2HPO4����3H2O solution 60ml, makes soap precipitate out, solid collected by filtration; Fatty acid salt solid is dissolved in a small amount of water, adds hydrochloric acid solution and be acidified to pH4.0, obtain free fatty; By this system centrifugal treating, phase in collection, obtaining the acid of 3.16g product fatty, oils and fats yield is 32.7%.
Embodiment 5
Microalgae chlorella, through 10L bioreactor cultivate 10 days, cultivate terminate time analyze frustule concentration is 1.82g/L(dry weight basis). Take 5L microalgae liquid to be centrifuged, control centrifuge RPMs 4000rpm, centrifugation time 4min, obtain microalgae mud, by microalgae mud drying, milled processed, obtain the micro-algae powder of 9.1g. The NaH of 0.02mol/L is added in micro-algae powder2PO4The potassium hydroxide solution 20ml of solution 60ml and 25%. Above-mentioned system is heated to 50oC, stirs simultaneously, keep 120min, carry out the saponification of cell breakage and oils and fats. It is 10 by membrane aperture afterwards-1��m micro-filtrate membrane filtration, remove frond cell, fragment. The NaH of 3mol/L is continuously added in liquid system2PO4Solution 50ml, makes soap precipitate out, solid collected by filtration; Fatty acid salt solid is dissolved in a small amount of water, adds hydrochloric acid solution and be acidified to pH2.5, obtain free fatty; By this system centrifugal treating, phase in collection, obtaining the acid of 3.10g product fatty, oils and fats yield is 34.1%.
Embodiment 6
Microalgae is diatom, through 10L bioreactor cultivate 10 days, cultivate terminate time analyze frustule concentration is 1.66g/L(dry weight basis). Take 5L microalgae liquid to be centrifuged, control centrifuge RPMs 4000rpm, centrifugation time 3min, obtain microalgae mud. The Na of 0.03mol/L is added in microalgae mud2CO3The sodium hydroxide solution 10ml of solution 40ml and 10%. Above-mentioned system is heated to 60oC, stirs simultaneously, keep 100min, carry out the saponification of cell breakage and oils and fats. It is 10 by membrane aperture afterwards-1��m micro-filtrate membrane filtration, remove frond cell, fragment. The Na of 1.5mol/L is continuously added in liquid system2CO3Solution 83ml, makes soap precipitate out, solid collected by filtration; Fatty acid salt solid is dissolved in a small amount of water, adds hydrochloric acid solution and be acidified to pH2.0, obtain free fatty; By this system centrifugal treating, phase in collection, obtaining the acid of 2.47g product fatty, oils and fats yield is 29.8%.
Embodiment 7
Microalgae is Wild Vitis species, through 10L bioreactor cultivate 10 days, cultivate terminate time analyze frustule concentration is 2.08g/L(dry weight basis). Take 5L microalgae liquid to be centrifuged, control centrifuge RPMs 4000rpm, centrifugation time 3min, obtain microalgae mud. The NaHCO of 0.02mol/L is added in microalgae mud3The sodium hydroxide solution 25ml of solution 75ml and 15%. Above-mentioned system is heated to 60oC, stirs simultaneously, keep 100min, carry out the saponification of cell breakage and oils and fats. It is 10 by membrane aperture afterwards-1��m micro-filtrate membrane filtration, remove frond cell, fragment. The NaHCO of 0.8mol/L is continuously added in liquid system3Solution 100ml, makes soap precipitate out, solid collected by filtration; Fatty acid salt solid is dissolved in a small amount of water, adds hydrochloric acid solution and be acidified to pH2.0, obtain free fatty; By this system centrifugal treating, phase in collection, obtaining the acid of 3.15g product fatty, oils and fats yield is 30.3%.
Embodiment 8
In liquid system, Na is added after membrane filtration2CO3Saturated solution 90ml, makes soap precipitate out. Other conditions are with embodiment 1. Obtaining the acid of 3.32g product fatty, oils and fats yield is 36.5%.
Embodiment 9
In liquid system, NaNO is added after membrane filtration3Saturated solution 45ml, makes soap precipitate out. Other conditions are with embodiment 2. Obtaining the acid of 3.35g product fatty, oils and fats yield is 37.6%.
Comparative example 1
In microalgae cell shattering process, only adding the sodium hydroxide solution 90ml of 10% in microalgae mud, and be added without saline solution, all the other are with embodiment 1. Obtaining 2.35g fatty acid, oils and fats yield is 25.8%.
Comparative example 2
In microalgae cell shattering process, only adding the sodium hydroxide solution 90ml of 30% in micro-algae powder, and be added without saline solution, all the other are with embodiment 2. Obtaining 2.11g fatty acid, oils and fats yield is 23.7%.