KR101714399B1 - Regenerative electrochemical bio fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a regeneration type biofuel cell, and more particularly, to a regeneration type biofuel cell that generates electricity using solar light when solar power generation is possible, generates electricity using solar light, And provides a regenerative biofuel cell capable of producing electricity by supplying hydrogen / oxygen stored in nighttime to the fuel cell in the absence of sufficient sunlight.

Description

[0001] REGENERATIVE ELECTROCHEMICAL BIO FUEL CELL [0002]

The present invention relates to a regeneration type biofuel cell, and more particularly, to a regeneration type biofuel cell that generates electricity using solar light when solar power generation is possible, generates electricity using solar light, The present invention relates to a regenerative biofuel cell capable of producing electricity by supplying hydrogen / oxygen stored in nighttime to a fuel cell.

Since the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels used as energy have limited reserves and are not regenerated. Excessive use of fossil fuels causes global warming due to the generation of carbon dioxide, thereby causing various environmental problems. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new alternative energy sources.

As an alternative energy source, especially solar energy, it is an energy source of all life on earth and is being intensively studied for use as alternative energy. In addition, since hydrogen can be easily stored like a conventional fossil fuel, can be produced from water or an organic material, and has little pollution, countries around the world can develop a method for efficiently producing hydrogen and simultaneously storing hydrogen It is making a concerted effort.

In the production of hydrogen, it is expected that the ultimate raw material will be water at the time when the hydrogen economy comes, and electrolytic or photochemical hydrogen production processes will be required. However, there is a prediction that the hydrogen production process through water decomposition may cause a global water shortage because a large amount of water resources must be input.

Currently, the global water use is estimated to be about 272 trillion liters, including drinking water, agricultural water and industrial water, and water consumption in the 2030s is expected to double by the time the hydrogen economy will arrive. Therefore, if only 2 ~ 3% of the total water resources of the Earth are used as raw materials for hydrogen production, water shortage phenomenon will surely come true. Therefore, the most abundant resource in nature is seawater A hydrogen production process is required.

Currently, in some electrolysis processes, the process of producing hydrogen from seawater or obtaining byproducts is used, but the efficiency is low and electricity is required as a separate energy source. In addition, there is a photochemical hydrogen production method using sunlight which is a natural energy source. Since efficiency of pure water decomposition is low, efficiency is improved through various additives. On the other hand, if there are various ion components in seawater, if it is used as an electrolyte for photochemical hydrogen production, it is expected to contribute to effective utilization of water resources required for hydrogen production in the future.

Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2012-0119270 discloses a photoelectrochemical hydrogen production apparatus using a concentrated sea water electrolyte prepared from a titania cathode having a nanotube structure carrying platinum, natural sea water, and a membrane, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Korean Published Patent [10-2012-0119270] (Open date: October 31, 2012)

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a solar power generation system, a solar power generation system, The present invention provides a regenerative biofuel cell capable of storing hydrogen and oxygen produced therein, producing insufficient sunlight, or supplying hydrogen / oxygen stored at night to a fuel cell to produce electricity.

To achieve the above object, a regenerative biofuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a photo-bioelectrochemical cell (PBEC) 100 for generating electricity, hydrogen and oxygen by receiving sunlight, ; A hydrogen storage unit 200 connected to the photovoltaic cell 100 to store hydrogen produced from the photovoltaic cell 100; An oxygen storage unit 300 connected to the photovoltaic cell 100 and storing oxygen produced from the photovoltaic cell 100; A fuel cell unit 400 connected to the hydrogen storage unit 200 and the oxygen storage unit 300 and generating electricity using hydrogen and oxygen stored in the hydrogen storage unit 200 and the oxygen storage unit 300, ; A water storage part 500 connected to the fuel cell part 400 and storing water generated from the fuel cell part 400; And a water storage unit 500 connected to the photovoltaic cell 100, the hydrogen storage unit 200, the oxygen storage unit 300, the fuel cell unit 400, and the water storage unit 500, And a control unit 600 controlling the fuel cell unit 200, the oxygen storage unit 300, the fuel cell unit 400, and the water storage unit 500, Is supplied to the bio-cell (100).

The photovoltaic cell 100 includes a cathode 110 coated with a photosensitive material 111; An anode part 120 to which hydrogen producing enzyme 121 is applied; And an electrolyte layer 130 provided between the cathode 110 and the anode 120 so that only the protons can pass from the cathode to the anode.

The photosensitizer 111 may be any one selected from chlorophyll, photosynthetic microorganism, n-type metal oxide photocatalyst, dye-sensitized TiO2, and Zn porphyrins extracted from plants or photosynthetic microorganisms.

In addition, the electrolyte layer 130 is a membrane that selectively passes only protons.

In addition, when the electricity generated from the photovoltaic cell 100 is produced by a predetermined amount or more of a predetermined electrical output required by the outside, the control unit 600 generates electricity using only the photovoltaic cell 100, When the electricity generated from the photovoltaic cell 100 is produced to be less than a predetermined value of the predetermined electric power required from the outside, electricity is generated from the fuel cell unit 400.

According to the regenerative biofuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, the volume and weight of the system can be reduced by integrating the photovoltaic power generating sunlight and hydrogen / oxygen into a single photovoltaic cell, There is an effect that the light use efficiency can be increased.

In addition, from the viewpoint of power generation, by using solar power generation and fuel cell power generation in parallel, power generation using sunlight is possible when solar power generation is possible, and power generation using fuel cells when not possible, There is a possible effect.

In addition, the cost of the system can be reduced by applying a low-priced photosensitizer instead of the noble metal catalyst used in the existing water electrolysis system.

Here, the photosensitizer is derived from plants or microorganisms, and chlorophyll itself or extracted chloroplast can be applied. As an example of a dye sensitizer having a similar function to that of the dye sensitizer, N719 dye combined with TiO2 can be used.

In addition, there is an effect of reducing greenhouse gases by producing electricity without carbon dioxide emissions.

1 is a conceptual view of a regenerative biofuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
2 is a conceptual diagram of a photovoltaic cell (PBEC) 100;

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary terms, and the inventor should appropriately interpret the concept of the term appropriately in order to describe its own invention in the best way. The present invention should be construed in accordance with the meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention. Further, it is to be understood that, unless otherwise defined, technical terms and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Descriptions of known functions and configurations that may be unnecessarily blurred are omitted. The following drawings are provided by way of example so that those skilled in the art can fully understand the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the following drawings, but may be embodied in other forms. In addition, like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification. It is to be noted that the same elements among the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals whenever possible.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a regenerative biofuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a photo-bioelectrochemical cell (PBEC) 100.

1, a regenerative biofuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a photovoltaic cell 100, a hydrogen storage unit 200, an oxygen storage unit 300, a fuel cell unit 400, A water storage unit 500 and a control unit 600. The water stored in the water storage unit 500 is supplied to the photovoltaic cell 100. [

The photovoltaic cell 100 receives electricity from the sunlight to produce electricity, hydrogen and oxygen.

PBEC was invented to induce the electron transfer during the photosynthetic action of microorganisms to the outside, and PBEC was previously developed with the name of photosynthetic electrochemical cell (PEC). The PBEC system is divided into a cathode part and a cathode part by a proton exchange membrane (PEM), and electrons are transferred through an external circuit. A sample containing photosynthesis mechanism is applied to the cathode part.

This will be described in more detail as follows.

In the presence of light, PBECs move photosynthetic mechanisms inside the thylakoid membrane of the chlorophyll, resulting in the transfer of electrons derived from H ₂ O, as well as O ₂ and hydrogen ions. Oxidation and reduction media transfer electrons and hydrogen ions from the thylakoid membrane to the cathode. The electrons of the cathode are transferred to the anode through the external circuit, and the hydrogen ions pass through the cation exchange membrane and move to the anode. In the anode part, Fe (III), an electron acceptor, is reduced to Fe (II) and water is produced.

Existing Synechocystis PCC 6803 electric production studies were performed by applying external factor changes such as CO ₂ , N ₂ gas type change, electricity generation according to glucose concentration change, gas flow rate change, or by using Synechocystis PCC 6803 optical system ) I and II genes have been studied in the present invention. However, in the present invention, the optical system related to the photosynthetic mechanism is extracted from the present strain and applied to the cathode to provide at least the minimum conditions of the microorganism organism, And the changes in electricity production were studied.

The photovoltaic cell 100 may include a cathode 110, an anode 120, and an electrolyte layer 130.

The cathode 110 is coated with a photo-sensitizer 111.

Here, the light-sensitive agent 111 may be any one selected from chlorophyll, microorganism, plant extract, n-type metal oxide photocatalyst, dye-sensitized TiO2, and Zn porphyrins.

Green plants, green algae, and blue algae use photosynthesis using solar energy, water, and carbon dioxide. Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena variabilis, synechococcus sp, and Synechocystis sp have been actively studied because of the light energy and the electrons generated from the water move along the photosynthetic mechanism.

The term 'photocatalyst' is used to refer to 'a catalyst for accelerating a photochemical reaction'. In order to become a 'photocatalyst', the photocatalyst must not only satisfy the conditions as a general 'catalyst' It is necessary to accelerate the reaction rate by providing the existing photoreaction and other mechanism path. In the latter case, it means that the turn-over ratio per active site must exceed 1.0.

In order for the photocatalyst to exhibit its photochemical activity, light energy greater than the band energy or band gap energy (Eg) is required. This energy is divided into a valence band (VB), which is the highest energy band occupied by electrons, (CB), which is the lowest energy band not occupied by electrons, is a forbidden gap that the electrons can not occupy and excites the electrons of the common band to generate an electron / hole pair that participates in the reaction It is the minimum energy that can be made.

What is important along with the band gap energy is the relative position of the common band and the conduction band (the Fermi energy (Ef) created by the location of these bands in detail), which is the redox couple from the photocatalyst And it plays an important role in determining whether or not the electron is transported and electron-transported.

As the photocatalyst material having the above-mentioned characteristics, metal oxides of semiconductor nature are mainly used. Examples thereof include tungsten trioxide (WO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), silicon carbide (SiC), cadmium sulfide (CdS), gallium arsenide GaAs), but titania (TiO2) having an anatase structure is generally used. This is because it has excellent stability, such as excellent efficiency, relatively low cost, smooth supply and no corrosion.

The anode part 120 is coated with a hydrogen-producing enzyme 121.

At this time, water becomes a reactant, and the hydrogen-producing enzyme is a biocatalyst material, which combines electrons and protons derived from the cathode portion to generate hydrogen at the anode portion.

The electrolyte layer 130 is provided between the cathode 110 and the anode 120 so that only protons can pass from the cathode to the anode.

Here, the electrolyte layer 130 is a Nafion membrane or a thylakoid membrane that selectively passes a proton.

An example of producing a thylakoid membrane will be described below.

First, an example of a strain and a culture method will be described.

Synechocystis PCC 6803, a photosynthetic bacterium from Korea Basic Science Research Institute, was used.

BG-11 ((/ L) NaNO 3 1.5 g, K 2 HPO 4 15.26 g, MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O 30 g, CaCl 2 · 2H 2 O 18 g, Citric acid 6 g, ferric ammonium citriate 6 g, Na _{2 CO 3 20 g, H 3} BO 2.86 g, MnCl 2 1.81 g, ZnSO 4 · 7H 2 O 0.222 g, Na 2 MoO 4 · 2H 2 O 0.39 g, CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O 0.079 g, Co (NO 3 ) ₂ 0.494 g) and 10 mM glucose was added as a carbon source. The solid culture was inoculated with the above-mentioned medium prepared by adding 1.5% agar (bacto ^TM agar, Difco) to the plate medium. Liquid culture was carried out by shaking culture at 100 rpm at 100 rpm at 28 [deg.] C after allowing the initial cell concentration to reach an absorbance of 0.5-0.6 at 730 nm. Fluorescent lamps were irradiated 600 ~ 700 lux as a light source.

Next, an example of chlorophyll measurement will be described.

1.5 ml of Synechocystis PCC 6803 culture medium was centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 10 minutes, and then 1.5 ml of 95% alcohol was added to the remaining cells, followed by centrifugation at 13,000 rpm for 1 minute. The amount of chlorophyll was determined by measuring the supernatant with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1601) at wavelengths of 649 nm and 665 nm, respectively,

.

Next, an embodiment of thylakoid membrane extraction will be described.

The cultured Synechocystis PCC 6803 was centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 20 minutes (Supra 22K, Hanil Co., Korea) and suspended in 25 mM Tris / HCl buffer (pH 7.5) containing 1 mM aminocaproic acid. In order to extract the thylakoid membrane in the cell membrane, the amount of the cells and the glass beads were added to the BEAD BEATER (Bio Products PO Box 772), and then the glass beads (0.1 mm in diameter) was added and the cells were disrupted at 4 ° C for 2 minutes. After centrifugation at 5,300 rpm for 1 min, the glass beads and undamaged cells were collected and the above procedure was repeated three times. The supernatant was centrifuged again at 13,600 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was applied to the experiment. All reagents used in the experiments were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Next, an example of SDS-PAGE will be described.

50% acrylamide stock solution, 1.5M Tris / HCl buffer (pH 8.8), 10% ammonium persulfate and TEMED were used to prepare 50% acrylamide separation gel. After separating the gel for more than 1 hour, the preparation gel was prepared. The preparation gel was the same as the separation gel, but the content of acrylamide was small and 0.5M Tris / HCl buffer (pH 6.8) was used. After the gel has solidified, the sample is allowed to stand at 4 ° C for at least 2 hours. A sample buffer is prepared by adding 0.5 M Tris / HCl buffer (pH 6.8), glycerol, 10% SDS (w / v) and 0.5% Bromophenol blue, Respectively. Sample buffer and thylakoid membrane extract were mixed and boiled at 100 ° C for 3 minutes and then injected into the gel. Separation of the prepared gel at 36 mA for 10 min. The gel was separated from the gel after 70 min of power supply (power pac 1000, bio-rad) at 40 mA for connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode to the gel fixed plate. The staining reagent for protein identification was Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 Staining solution (bio-rad, # 161-0436).

Next, embodiments of the configuration and operation conditions of the photo-bio-cell 100 will be described.

The PBEC system is made of an acrylic reactor, which consists of two outer acrylic plates with different thicknesses and four inner acrylic plates. The outer acrylic plate of the anode is 6.5 x 8 x 0.5 (width x length, thickness, cm) and the outer acrylic plate of the cathode is 6.5 x 8 x 1 (width x length, thickness, cm). Between them, four 5 × 6 × 1 (width × length, thickness, cm) inner acrylic plates were inserted.

 The inner acrylic plate was 0.5 cm in diameter, and only the upper part had a hole, and the gas line and the electrode were fixed by inserting a septum (injection rubber plug, Shimadzu). A viton gasket was sandwiched between the acrylic plate and the cation exchange membrane, which were separated from each other, and the nuts and bolts were fixed to the corners of the outer acrylic.

The electrode was made of carbon paper (TGPH-090, E-Tek, USA) and the electrode size was 2.5 × 2.3 (width × length, cm). Nafion 117 (DuPont Co., USA) was used as a cation exchange membrane (PEM) to allow hydrogen ion transfer between the anode and the cathode. Pretreatment of both electrode and nafion was performed. The voltage value of the electrode not assembled in the reactor was 0.5-0.6 ㎷. The resistance value used in the experiment is 1 k ?.

The total amount of sample contained in the cathode and the anode when operating the system is 15 ml. Halogen (50w, phlips) was used to illuminate the 48 Klux on the cathode, and a magnetic bar was used for internal circulation in the reactor. On the other hand, the anode part was provided with opaque tape to block the light and did not insert a magnetic bar. At the time of operation, the cathode was loaded with 50 mM tricine buffer (pH 8.0) containing 50 mM tricine, 50 mM NaCl and 4 mM MgCl ₂ , 300 μM phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and a thylakoid membrane or Synechocystis PCC 6803. The anolyte was loaded with 20 mM potassium ferricyanide [ ^5] . Both argon and argon gas were maintained at a flow rate of 20 to 25 ml / min. The whole cell and thylakoid membrane extracts in the negative electrode were injected with the buffer solution in the reactor. Tween 80 and triton X-100 were used in the antifoaming agent and were added to a volume of 1% (v / v) in 50 mM tricine buffer (pH 8.0).

As a result of the experiment under the above conditions, the following conclusions can be obtained.

1) The logarithmic growth period of the cells lasted up to 7 days. From 8th the death period was ongoing. The amount of chlorophyll increased until day 3, but decreased after 5 days.

2) The water, tricine buffer (pH 8.0) and PMS were almost the same at 4.4 × 10 ^-5 ㎃ / ㎠, 1.4 × 10 ^-4 ㎃ / ㎠ and 2.4 × 10 ^-4 ㎃ / ㎠, The addition of a tilacoid membrane with a chlorophyll amount of 3.8 ㎍ / ml extracted from 10 ml of the culture solution resulted in a current of about 9 times that of 1.3 × 10 ^-3 mA / cm 2.

3) A current of 1.1 × 10 ^-3 ㎃ / ㎠ was generated when applying a tilacoid membrane with a chlorophyll amount of 3.8 ㎍ / ml to the system and a current of 2.6 × 10 ^-3 ㎃ / ㎠ when a tilacoid membrane of about twice the initial amount was put .

4) Applying about 6 times of thylakoid membrane to the system produced a large amount of bubbles. At this time, antifoaming agents were used to prevent bubbles and produce stable electricity. The two antifoaming agents used were triton X-100 and tween 80 and produced currents of 8.4 × 10 ^-4 ㎃ / ㎠ and 2.3 × 10 ^-3 ㎃ / ㎠, respectively. However, the amount of current decreased when the defoamer was not added.

5) Whole cell experiments confirmed that both the amount of chlorophyll and the days of culture affect current generation. The experimental results showed that the highest current was generated at 20.5 ㎍ / ml of chlorophyll, which showed current generation of 1.3 × 10 ^-3 ㎃ / ㎠, and 4 days of cultivation.

The hydrogen storage unit 200 is connected to the photovoltaic cell 100, and hydrogen produced from the photovoltaic cell 100 is stored.

The photovoltaic cell 100 and the hydrogen storage unit 200 may be connected to each other by a pipe through which hydrogen can be moved. The hydrogen generated from the photovoltaic cell 100 is connected to the hydrogen storage unit 200 through the pipe, Lt; / RTI >

At this time, it is preferable to make the configuration (check valve or the like) such that the movement of hydrogen moves only in one direction (direction of the hydrogen storage part 200 side in the photovoltaic cell 100).

The oxygen storage unit 300 is connected to the photovoltaic cell 100, and oxygen produced from the photovoltaic cell 100 is stored.

The photovoltaic cell 100 and the oxygen storage unit 300 may be connected to each other by a pipe through which oxygen can be moved. The oxygen generated from the photovoltaic cell 100 may be connected to the oxygen storage unit 300 through the pipe, Lt; / RTI >

At this time, it is preferable to make the configuration (check valve, etc.) such that the movement of oxygen moves only in one direction (the direction of the oxygen storage part 300 side in the photovoltaic cell 100).

The fuel cell unit 400 is connected to the hydrogen storage unit 200 and the oxygen storage unit 300 and generates electricity using hydrogen and oxygen stored in the hydrogen storage unit 200 and the oxygen storage unit 300 do.

In other words, the fuel cell generates electricity using hydrogen and oxygen as an energy source. At this time, supplied hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen storage unit 200, and supplied oxygen is supplied from the oxygen storage unit 300.

The water storage unit 500 is connected to the fuel cell unit 400, and water generated from the fuel cell unit 400 is stored.

In other words, water generated as electricity is produced from the fuel cell unit 400 is stored in the water storage unit 500.

The control unit 600 is connected to the photovoltaic cell 100, the hydrogen storage unit 200, the oxygen storage unit 300, the fuel cell unit 400, and the water storage unit 500, The hydrogen storage unit 200, the oxygen storage unit 300, the fuel cell unit 400, and the water storage unit 500, respectively.

The amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic cell 100 can be monitored by the control unit 600 and the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage unit 200 can be monitored by the fuel The oxygen stored in the oxygen storage unit 300 may be regulated so as to supply the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage unit 300 to the fuel storage unit 200, The amount of electricity generated from the fuel cell unit 400 can be monitored and the water stored in the water storage unit 500 can be monitored by controlling the valve provided between the fuel cell unit 300 and the fuel cell unit 400, The water stored in the water storage part 500 and the photo-bio-cell 100 may be adjusted to supply the water stored in the water storage part 500 to the reaction product of the photo-bio-cell 100.

At this time, when the electricity generated from the photovoltaic cell 100 is produced at a predetermined value or more of a predetermined electrical output required from the outside, the control unit 600 generates electricity using only the photovoltaic cell 100, When the electricity produced from the photovoltaic cell 100 is produced to a level lower than a predetermined reference value of the electric power required from the outside, electricity is generated from the fuel cell unit 400.

In other words, the controller 600 uses solar light for basic power generation, and controls power generation using the fuel cell when sufficient power generation is difficult due to sunlight.

In other words, the present invention is not an invention related to infinite power, and in order to maximize power generation efficiency using sunlight, not only electricity but also oxygen and hydrogen are produced and stored using the sun, and when the sunlight is insufficient, Is an invention for supplying power to a fuel cell to generate electricity.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

100: Photobio cell
110: cathode part
111: Photosensitizer
120: anode part
121: Hydrogen production enzyme
200: hydrogen storage part
300: oxygen storage part
400: fuel cell unit
500: water storage part
600:

Claims (5)

Photo-bioelectrochemical cell (PBEC) 100 that generates electricity, hydrogen, and oxygen by receiving sunlight;
A hydrogen storage unit 200 connected to the photovoltaic cell 100 to store hydrogen produced from the photovoltaic cell 100;
An oxygen storage unit 300 connected to the photovoltaic cell 100 and storing oxygen produced from the photovoltaic cell 100;
A fuel cell unit 400 connected to the hydrogen storage unit 200 and the oxygen storage unit 300 and generating electricity using hydrogen and oxygen stored in the hydrogen storage unit 200 and the oxygen storage unit 300, ;
A water storage unit 500 connected to the fuel cell unit 400 and storing water generated through electricity generation in the fuel cell unit 400; And
The photovoltaic cell 100 is connected to the photovoltaic cell 100, the hydrogen storage unit 200, the oxygen storage unit 300, the fuel cell unit 400, and the water storage unit 500, A control unit 600 for controlling the fuel cell 200, the oxygen storage unit 300, the fuel cell unit 400, and the water storage unit 500;
, ≪ / RTI &
According to the control of the control unit 600, water stored in the water storage unit 500 is supplied to the photovoltaic cell 100 to supply electricity, hydrogen, and oxygen as reactants to be produced.
According to the control of the controller 600, when sunlight exists,
The photovoltaic cell 100 produces electricity, hydrogen and oxygen,
When the sunlight is not present or electricity generated from the photovoltaic cell 100 monitored by the controller 600 is produced below a predetermined reference value of the electric power output, A regenerative biofuel cell characterized in that electricity is produced using hydrogen and oxygen produced by the bio-cell (100).
The method according to claim 1,
The photovoltaic cell (100)
A cathode 110 coated with a photosensitive agent 111;
An anode part 120 to which hydrogen producing enzyme 121 is applied; And
An electrolyte layer 130 provided between the cathode part 110 and the anode part 120 so that only the protons can pass from the cathode to the anode;
And a fuel cell.
3. The method of claim 2,
The light-sensitive material 111 is
Wherein the photocatalyst is any one selected from chlorophyll, photosynthetic microorganism, n-type metal oxide photocatalyst, dye-sensitized TiO2 and Zn porphyrins extracted from plants or photosynthetic microorganisms.
3. The method of claim 2,
The electrolyte layer (130)
Wherein the membrane is a membrane that selectively passes only protons.
The method according to claim 1,
The control unit 600
When the electricity generated from the photovoltaic cell 100 is produced at a predetermined value or more of a predetermined electrical output required by the outside, the photovoltaic cell 100 is used to produce electricity using only the photovoltaic cell 100,
Wherein the electricity generated from the fuel cell unit (100) is produced from the fuel cell unit (400) when the electricity produced from the photovoltaic cell (100) is produced to less than a predetermined reference value of the electric power required from the outside.

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