KR101697954B1 - Method for diagnosing and classifying gear fault - Google Patents

Method for diagnosing and classifying gear fault Download PDF

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KR101697954B1
KR101697954B1 KR1020150091903A KR20150091903A KR101697954B1 KR 101697954 B1 KR101697954 B1 KR 101697954B1 KR 1020150091903 A KR1020150091903 A KR 1020150091903A KR 20150091903 A KR20150091903 A KR 20150091903A KR 101697954 B1 KR101697954 B1 KR 101697954B1
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South Korea
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gear
failure
rotation
characteristic value
rotational displacement
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KR1020150091903A
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Korean (ko)
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KR20170002036A (en
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윤병동
박정호
하종문
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주식회사 원프레딕트
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/021—Gearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for diagnosing and classifying a gear failure, comprising the steps of: measuring input and output rotational displacements by selecting gear teeth; measuring a rotational displacement of the input stage and a rotational error of a rotational displacement of the output stage And determining a type of failure and diagnosis of the gear based on the transfer error. According to the present invention, by analyzing each failure mechanism of the gear, the failure of the gear can be diagnosed and the type of failure can be analyzed.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001]

More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of diagnosing a fault existing in a gear tooth through a transfer error signal generated in a gear, and distinguishing a root crack failure from a surface fault.

In the case of modern machines, a large number of gears are usually used inside the machine. If there is a small defect in the gear, it can be fatal to the whole machine. Therefore, it is important to identify and classify the failure of the gear.

On the other hand, various methods relating to finding and classifying a gear failure are proposed. Prior Art Document Korean Patent Application No. 10-2003-0079729 describes a system for measuring noise and confirming defective machining, handling failure, and the like.

However, in the case of the above-described technology, there is a problem in that it is impossible to classify the type of the internal failure in the gear because it is a level to diagnose quality defect and fatigue failure failure existing in the gear by simply measuring the noise level of the gear.

Therefore, a technique for solving the above-described problems is required.

On the other hand, the background art described above is technical information acquired by the inventor for the derivation of the present invention or obtained in the derivation process of the present invention, and can not necessarily be a known technology disclosed to the general public before the application of the present invention .

An object of the present invention is to provide a method of diagnosing and distinguishing faults in gears.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for diagnosing and classifying faults of a gear, the method comprising the steps of: measuring a input rotational displacement and an output rotational displacement by selecting a gear tooth; Calculating transmission errors of the rotational displacements, and classifying the types of failures and failures of the gears based on the transfer errors.

The step of measuring the rotational displacement of the input stage and the rotational displacement of the output stage may include sequentially measuring the input rotational displacement and the output rotational displacement of the gear teeth in the rotational direction of the gear while rotating the gear .

In addition, the present invention may further include a step of classifying the type of fault diagnosis and failure of the gear based on the transmission error, filtering the transmission error in a band range desired by the user.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for diagnosing faults of a gear based on the transfer errors, the method comprising the steps of: dividing the transfer errors by intervals of the gear teeth.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for diagnosing faults in a gear, the method comprising the steps of: and designating the difference between the maximum point and the minimum point of the transfer error in the n-th rotation (n is an integer of 1 or more) as the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear teeth.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for diagnosing failure of a gear and classifying a type of a failure based on the transfer error, comprising the steps of: calculating an arithmetic average of first characteristic values from 1 to n-1 revolutions of the i- As the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the n-th rotation.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for diagnosing failure of a gear, the method comprising: classifying a type of failure diagnosis and a failure of a gear based on the transfer error, wherein the first characteristic value of the nth rotation of the i- 2 characteristic value, the step of recognizing the i-th gear tooth as a failure may be further included.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for diagnosing faults in a gear, the method comprising the steps of: diagnosing and diagnosing failures of gears based on the transfer errors, the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (i-1) -th gear tooth is compared with the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (i-1) -th gear tooth, If the value of the characteristic is exceeded, it indicates root crack failure, otherwise it may be recognized as a surface damage failure.

According to one of the above-mentioned objects of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention can diagnose a failure of a gear and analyze the type of failure by analyzing each failure mechanism of the gear.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining a system for diagnosing and classifying faults in a gear according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart for explaining a method for diagnosing and distinguishing faults according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
FIG. 3 is an exemplary view illustrating a transfer error that has passed through a bandpass filter in a fault diagnosis and classification method of a gear according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is an exemplary diagram for determining the bandwidth of a band-pass filter in a fault diagnosis and classification method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In order to clearly illustrate the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are denoted by like reference characters throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when an element is referred to as "comprising ", it means that it can include other elements as well, without excluding other elements unless specifically stated otherwise.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining a fault diagnosis and classification system 100 for a gear according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a failure diagnosis and classification flowchart of a gear according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a view for explaining a fault diagnosis and classification method of a gear according to an embodiment of the present invention, And an example for determining the bandwidth of the band-pass filter for explaining the dividing method.

1, the gear failure diagnosis and classification system 100 includes a measurement unit 10, an operation unit 20, a filter unit 30, a central processing unit 40, and a display unit 50 .

First, as shown in FIG. 1, the gear failure diagnosis and classification system 100 may include a measurement unit 10. The measuring unit 10 can measure the rotational displacement of the input and output ends of the gear teeth.

The term "input stage" refers to a gear portion that is rotated by applying power directly to the gears meshed with each other, and the term "output stage" means a gear portion that rotates together with the input stage when the input stage is rotated by receiving power.

That is, the measuring unit 10 can use a tachometer, an optical sensor, a rotation sensor, and the like, and the measuring unit 10 measures the rotational displacement of each of the gear input end and the gear output end and transmits them to the calculation unit 20.

On the other hand, the fault diagnosis and classification system 100 of the gear may include a calculation unit 20. The calculating unit 20 can calculate the difference between the rotational displacements of the input and output stages measured and transmitted by the measuring unit 10.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the transmission error is calculated through the above procedure, a transmission error due to the gear shaft and a transmission error due to the gear teeth are simultaneously displayed. Therefore, it is necessary to filter only the transmission errors due to gear teeth.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 1, the fault diagnosis and classification system 100 of a gear may include a filter unit 30.

The filter unit 30 may selectively filter only the frequency band designated by the user among the differences in the rotational displacement calculated by the calculating unit 20. [

In the case of the error of the axis level, a transfer error occurs in the low-frequency region, and a transfer error of the gear level occurs in a transmission error in the high-frequency region rather than an error in the axial level. Therefore, A filter should be used to remove the signal. Also, at high frequencies too high, there is a need to also eliminate high frequencies, since severe noise can be transmitted with transmission errors. Therefore, the filter unit 30 can use a band filter in which both the low frequency band and the high frequency band are removed.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 1, the fault diagnosis and classification system 100 of the gear may include a central processing unit 40. The central processing unit 40 may divide the filtered transmission error by each gear tooth and store the divided transmission error.

Then, the filtered transmission error divided for each section can be divided by each rotation to store as a first characteristic value of n (n is an integer of one or more) rotations of i (i is an integer of 1 or more) gear teeth.

i means the number of gear teeth from the first measured gear tooth, and n means the number of turns of the gear until measurement.

Then, the central processing unit 40 can determine the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear teeth using the arithmetic mean of the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth.

The second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth can be calculated according to Equation (1).

Figure 112015062572877-pat00001

Meanwhile, the central processing unit 40 recognizes the failure by comparing the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth with the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth, The processing unit 40 may store the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth as a normal value.

The central processing unit 40 compares the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (i-1) -th gear tooth with the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (i-1) -th gear tooth, It is possible to distinguish kinds.

As shown in FIG. 1, the fault diagnosis and classification system 100 of the gear may include a display unit 50.

The display unit 50 receives the failure from the central processing unit 40, and simultaneously receives and displays the type of failure.

Meanwhile, the method of diagnosing and classifying the gear according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 includes the steps of time-series processing in the fault diagnosis and classification system 100 of the gear shown in FIG. Therefore, the above description of the failure diagnosis and classification system 100 of the gear shown in FIG. 1 can be applied to the failure diagnosis and classification method of the gear according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 have.

As shown in FIG. 2, the method for diagnosing and classifying a gear failure may include a step of measuring an input rotational displacement and an output rotational displacement of a gear tooth (S1001).

For this purpose, the gear failure diagnosis and classification system 100 can measure the rotational displacement of the input gear and the output gear using a tachometer, an optical sensor, a rotation sensor, and the like.

Measuring the rotational displacement of the input stage and the rotational displacement of the output stage may include sequentially measuring the input rotational displacement and the output rotational displacement of the gear teeth in the rotational direction of the gear while rotating the gear.

That is, the position measured by the sensor when the gear rotates is fixed, and the gears that come into the position where the sensor measures are sequentially measured.

For example, if a gear has twelve gear teeth and rotates clockwise, and the 1 o'clock gear tooth is selected as the first gear tooth, the second tooth is measured sequentially at 12 o'clock And the third tooth is measured at the 11 o'clock position when the first gear tooth is measured.

The gear failure diagnosis and classification system 100 can calculate the transmission error of the measured input rotational displacement and the output rotational displacement (S1002).

Since the calculated transmission error may include both the axial-level transmission error and the gear-level transmission error, the gear fault diagnosis and classification method 100 may filter the transmission error (S1003).

When filtering to find only the transmission errors of the actual gears, the fault diagnosis and segmentation method 100 of the gear may include a band-pass filter to obtain the best effect.

For example, when gears with 70 teeth (30 rpm = 0.5 rev / s) and 35 teeth with teeth (60 rpm = 1 rev / sec) are engaged as shown in Fig. 4, It is 0.5 Hz for 70 gear shafts and 1 Hz for 35 gear shafts.

If you think about the frequency of the vibration of the gear teeth, then 70 gear teeth would be 70 * 0.5 turns / second = 35 hz, 35 gear teeth would be 35 * 1 turn / second = 35 Hz.

In this case, since the frequency band desired by the user will be near 35 Hz, the user can select data most similar to the user and a similar range of data such as 30 to 40, 20 to 50, 10 to 60 and 5 to 65 And a band filter having a filtering range as a range to be displayed.

In addition, the gear failure diagnosis and classification system 100 can divide the transfer error by intervals of gear teeth (S1004).

That is, the fault diagnosis and classification system 100 of the gear can divide the transmission errors of the gears according to the cycles, and can collect the transmission errors divided by the respective gears according to the respective gear teeth.

For example, assuming that the number of gear teeth is 30 and that the number of gear teeth is 1, the transmission error of the 1st cycle, 31st cycle, and 61th cycle is referred to as a gear failure diagnosis And classification system 100 can do this.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fault diagnosis and classification system 100 of the gear can obtain the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear teeth (S1005).

That is, the fault diagnosis and classification method 100 of the gear can store the difference between the maximum point and the minimum point of the nth rotation of the i-th gear tooth as the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth.

For example, if the difference between the maximum and minimum points of the transfer error filtered during the first rotation of the second gear tooth is 5, the first characteristic value of the first rotation of the second gear tooth may be 5 have.

Then, the failure diagnosis and classification system 100 of the gear can obtain the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear teeth (S1006).

The second characteristic value of the nth rotation of the i-th gear tooth is determined by Equation (1), and the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth is stored in the fault diagnosis and classification system 100 of the gear .

The gear failure diagnosis and classification system 100 may compare the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth with the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth (S1010).

At this time, when the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth is larger than the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth, the fault diagnosis and classification system 100 of the gear recognizes the failure (S1011) Otherwise, a step of storing the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth as a normal value in the gear failure diagnosis and classification system 100 is executed (S1012).

The first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear teeth stored at the steady-state value is a factor for calculating the second characteristic value in all the rotations after the n + 1th and n + 1th teeth of the i-th tooth.

When the failure is recognized, the gear failure diagnosis and classification system 100 calculates the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (i-1) -th gear tooth and the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (S1020).

If the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (i-1) -th gear tooth is larger than the first characteristic value of the (n-1) th gear of the i-1th gear tooth, the gear failure diagnosis and classification system 100 (S1021). If the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (i-1) -th gear tooth is not larger than the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (i-1) -th gear tooth, (S1022).

After the gear failure has been measured sufficiently, the central processing unit 40 confirms whether or not to terminate the fault diagnosis and classification method of the gear (S1030). When the user ends, the fault diagnosis and classification method of the gear is ended Otherwise, it is checked whether or not the gear tooth has failed (S1031).

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only and that those of ordinary skill in the art can readily understand that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. will be. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention do.

The functions provided within the components and components may be combined with a smaller number of components and components or separated from additional components and components.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only and that those of ordinary skill in the art can readily understand that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. will be. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention do.

100: Fault diagnosis and classification system of gears
10:
20:
30:
40:
50:

Claims (8)

A method of diagnosing and classifying a gear failure, comprising the steps of: measuring input rotational displacement and output rotational displacement by selecting gear teeth;
Calculating a transfer error of the rotational displacement of the input stage and the rotational displacement of the output stage; And
And classifying the types of failures and failures of the gears based on the transfer errors,
Wherein the step of classifying the types of failure diagnosis and failure of the gear based on the transfer errors comprises:
Storing the transfer error by dividing the gear teeth by each gear tooth;
The transmission error of each of the gear teeth is divided for each rotation, and the difference between the maximum point and the minimum point of the transfer error when n (n is an integer equal to or greater than 1) rotations of i Designating as a first characteristic value of the nth rotation of the teeth;
storing an arithmetic mean of the first characteristic value from 1 to n-1 rotations of the i-th gear tooth as a second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth;
Recognizing the i-th gear tooth as a failure when the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth exceeds a second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-th gear tooth; And
And if the failure is recognized, comparing the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (i-1) -th gear teeth and the second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the (i-1) indicating a root crack failure if the first characteristic value of the n-th rotation exceeds a second characteristic value of the n-th rotation of the i-1th gear tooth, and otherwise recognizing it as a surface damage failure , Fault diagnosis and classification of gears. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein measuring the rotational displacement of the input stage and the rotational displacement of the output stage comprises:
And sequentially measuring the input rotational displacement and the output rotational displacement of the gear teeth in the rotational direction of the gear while rotating the gear. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the step of classifying the types of failure diagnosis and failure of the gear based on the transfer errors comprises:
Further comprising the step of filtering the transmission error in a predetermined band range. delete delete delete delete delete
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Cited By (2)

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KR20190092753A (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 한국항공대학교산학협력단 Body of revolution fault analysis apparatus and method using transmission error
KR20200092521A (en) * 2019-01-24 2020-08-04 한국항공대학교산학협력단 body of revolution of teeth based rotate-body defect analysis apparatus and method thereof

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CN110595767A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-12-20 天津工业大学 Gear drive system fault simulation experiment table capable of rapidly replacing parts

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JP2001264216A (en) * 2000-03-22 2001-09-26 Ricoh Co Ltd Gear evaluation method and storage medium memorizing analytical program of gear evaluation and gear evaluation device

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20190092753A (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 한국항공대학교산학협력단 Body of revolution fault analysis apparatus and method using transmission error
KR102102518B1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2020-04-20 한국항공대학교산학협력단 Body of revolution fault analysis apparatus and method using transmission error
KR20200092521A (en) * 2019-01-24 2020-08-04 한국항공대학교산학협력단 body of revolution of teeth based rotate-body defect analysis apparatus and method thereof
KR102171505B1 (en) 2019-01-24 2020-10-30 한국항공대학교산학협력단 body of revolution of teeth based rotate-body defect analysis apparatus and method thereof

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