KR101688003B1 - Calcium Secondary Battery comprising the Negative Electrode and Electrolyte - Google Patents

Calcium Secondary Battery comprising the Negative Electrode and Electrolyte Download PDF

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KR101688003B1
KR101688003B1 KR1020140070932A KR20140070932A KR101688003B1 KR 101688003 B1 KR101688003 B1 KR 101688003B1 KR 1020140070932 A KR1020140070932 A KR 1020140070932A KR 20140070932 A KR20140070932 A KR 20140070932A KR 101688003 B1 KR101688003 B1 KR 101688003B1
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calcium
electrolyte
negative electrode
secondary battery
propylene carbonate
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KR20150142786A (en
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정순기
김양수
유찬서
정윤택
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순천향대학교 산학협력단
한국기초과학지원연구원
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1397Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

본 발명은 TiS2 음극 및 전해질을 포함하는 칼슘 이차 전지에 관한 것으로서, TiS2 음극 활물질, 도전제 및 바인더를 포함하여 형성됨으로써 칼슘의 흡장/방출이 가능한 음극과, 칼슘염, 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC; Propylene Carbonate) 등의 주용매 및 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC; Dimethyl Carbonate) 등의 공용매를 포함하여 형성되는 전해질을 포함함으로써, 칼슘 이온과 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC)의 결합 구조를 변형시켜 상기의 방법으로 제조한 음극 소재인 TiS2 층간으로 칼슘 이온이 흡장/방출되는 칼슘 이차 전지를 제공할 수 있다.The present invention relates to a calcium secondary battery including a TiS 2 negative electrode and an electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode capable of absorbing / desorbing calcium by forming a TiS 2 negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder and includes calcium salt, propylene carbonate (PC; Propylene carbonate) and a solvent such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to form an electrolyte, thereby modifying the bonding structure between calcium ion and propylene carbonate (PC) It is possible to provide a calcium secondary battery in which calcium ions are intercalated / deintercalated between TiS 2 layers as a cathode material.

Description

TiS₂음극 및 전해질을 포함하는 칼슘 이차 전지{Calcium Secondary Battery comprising the Negative Electrode and Electrolyte}[0001] The present invention relates to a calcium secondary battery comprising a TiS2 cathode and an electrolyte,

본 발명은 칼슘 이차 전지에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 음극 소재로 TiS2를, 전해질로는 프로필렌 카보네이트 등 주용매와 디메틸 카보네이트 등 공용매의 혼합 유기 용액을 사용하는 칼슘 이차 전지에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a calcium secondary battery, and more particularly, to a calcium secondary battery using TiS 2 as an anode material and a mixed solvent such as propylene carbonate as a main solvent and a co-solvent such as dimethyl carbonate as an electrolyte.

일반적으로 캠코더, 휴대형 전화, 휴대형 컴퓨터 등과 같은 휴대형 무선기기의 경량화 및 고기능화가 진행됨에 따라, 그 구동 전원으로 사용되는 이차 전지(secondary battery)에 대해서 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 이차 전지로는 예를 들면, 니켈 카드뮴 전지, 니켈 수소 전지, 니켈 아연 전지, 리튬 이차 전지 등이 개발되어 있으며, 차세대 이차 전지 시스템으로 칼슘을 이용한 칼슘 이차 전지가 연구되고 있다.2. Description of the Related Art [0002] Portable wireless devices such as a camcorder, a portable telephone, and a portable computer have been made lighter and more sophisticated, and a secondary battery used as a driving power source has been studied. For example, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium secondary batteries have been developed as such secondary batteries, and calcium secondary batteries using calcium as a next-generation secondary battery system have been studied.

칼슘 이차 전지 시스템은 칼슘 이온이 흡장/방출되는 과정을 통해 충전 및 방전이 되는 전지 시스템이다.The calcium secondary battery system is a battery system that charges and discharges through the process of storing / releasing calcium ions.

특히, 유기 전해액 등을 포함하는 칼슘 이차 전지에서 높은 전지 성능을 발현시키기 위해서는 음극과 전해질과의 반응을 억제하는 것이 중요하다. 충전 시에 낮은 전위가 되는 음극은 전해질을 분해하기 쉽고, 전지 성능 특히, 전지 용량, 사이클 특성 등에 큰 영향을 미친다.Particularly, in order to exhibit high battery performance in a calcium secondary battery including an organic electrolyte, it is important to suppress the reaction between the negative electrode and the electrolyte. The negative electrode having a low electric potential at the time of charging easily decomposes the electrolyte and greatly affects the battery performance, particularly the battery capacity and cycle characteristics.

이에, 칼슘 이차 전지의 전해질로는 음극과 반응하여 전지 성능을 열화시키지 않는 용매가 검토되고 있다. 구체적으로, 현재까지 칼슘 이차 전지에서 칼슘염을 함유하는 전해질을 사용하여 전극 안으로 칼슘 이온을 흡장/방출시킬 수 있는 용매로는 아세토나이트릴(AN; Acetonitrile)계와 다이메틸 설폭사이트(DMSO; Dimethyl Sulfoxide)계만 가능한 것으로 개시되어 있다.Therefore, as the electrolyte of the calcium secondary battery, a solvent which does not deteriorate the cell performance by reacting with the negative electrode has been studied. Specifically, as a solvent capable of occluding / releasing calcium ions into an electrode using an electrolyte containing a calcium salt in a calcium secondary battery, acetonitrile (AN) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) Sulfoxide system is only possible.

그러나, 상기한 전해질을 사용해서 칼슘 이온을 흡장/방출시키는 전극은 V2O5, CaCoO의 양극 소재이다. 따라서, 칼슘 이차 전지 개발을 위해서는 음극 소재의 개발이 필수적이라 할 수 있다.
However, the electrode for storing and releasing calcium ions using the electrolyte is a positive electrode material of V 2 O 5 and CaCoO 2 . Therefore, development of cathode materials is essential for the development of calcium secondary batteries.

대한민국 공개특허공보 제10-2011-0126802호(공개일 2011.11.24.)Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2011-0126802 (published on November 24, 2011).

따라서, 본 발명은 상기한 종래 기술의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 이루어진 것으로서, 본 발명의 목적은 음극 소재로서 TiS2를 사용하고 전해질로서 유기 용매인 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC; Propylene Carbonate) 등 주용매와 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC; Dimethyl Carbonate) 등 공용매를 사용함으로써, TiS2에 칼슘 이온을 흡장/방출시키고 비가역용량을 개선하는 칼슘 이차 전지를 제공하는데 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the prior art described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a thin film capacitor, which comprises using TiS 2 as a negative electrode material and a main solvent such as an organic solvent PC (Propylene Carbonate) (DMC; Dimethyl Carbonate), which is capable of absorbing and releasing calcium ions in TiS 2 and improving irreversible capacity.

상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 칼슘 이차 전지는, TiS2 음극 활물질, 도전제 및 바인더를 포함하여 형성됨으로써 칼슘이온의 흡장/방출이 가능한 음극; 및 칼슘염에 유기 용매가 첨가되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전해질;을 포함하고, 상기 전해질의 칼슘염으로는 Ca(CF3SO3)2, Ca(ClO4)2, 또는 Ca(SO3CF3)2이 포함되는 것을 특징으로 한다.
상기 전해질은, 주용매로서 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC; Propylene Carbonate), 에틸렌 카보네이트(EC; Ethylene Carbonate), 아세토나이트릴(AN; Acetonitrile)으로 이루어진 군 중에서 선택된 어느 하나에, 공용매로서 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC; Dimethyl Carbonate), 다이에틸 카보네이트(DEC; Diethyl Carbonate), 에틸메틸 카보네이트(EMC; Ethylmethyl Carbonate)(EMC), 1,2-다이메틸옥시에테인(DME; 1,2-dimethoxyethane)으로 이루어진 군 중에서 선택된 어느 하나를 혼합한 혼합용매를 포함하는 것일 수 있다.
상기 전해질은 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC; Propylene Carbonate) 및 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC; Dimethyl Carbonate)을 포함하는 것이고, 상기 전해질에 포함되는 칼슘염은 Ca(SO3CF3)2인 것일 수 있다.
In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides a calcium secondary battery comprising: a negative electrode including a TiS 2 negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder to store and release calcium ions; Wherein the calcium salt of the electrolyte is Ca (CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 , Ca (ClO 4 ) 2 , or Ca (SO 3 CF 3 ) 2 is included.
The electrolyte may be prepared by dissolving dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a co-solvent in any one selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC) and acetonitrile (AN) Dimethyl carbonate (DME), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), dimethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) And a mixed solvent in which one of them is mixed.
The electrolyte may include propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and the calcium salt contained in the electrolyte may be Ca (SO 3 CF 3 ) 2 .

바람직하게는, 상기 음극은, 칼슘을 흡장/방출할 수 있는 TiS2 음극 활물질, 도전제 및 바인더를 혼합하여 슬러리를 제조하는 단계와, 상기 슬러리를 집전체에 코팅하는 단계와, 상기 집전체에 코팅된 슬러리를 건조하는 단계에 의해 형성되는 것을 특징으로 한다.Preferably, the negative electrode comprises a step of preparing a slurry by mixing a TiS 2 negative active material capable of absorbing / desorbing calcium, a conductive agent and a binder, coating the slurry on a current collector, And drying the coated slurry.

바람직하게는, 상기 바인더는 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드(PVdF; Polyvinylidene fluoride)이고, 상기 도전제는 super-P이며, 상기 음극 활물질, 도전제 및 바인더의 혼합 비율은 7: 2: 1인 것을 특징으로 한다.Preferably, the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), the conductive agent is super-P, and the mixing ratio of the anode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder is 7: 2: 1. do.

바람직하게는, 상기 전해질은, 상기 칼슘염, 프로필렌 카보네이트 및 디메틸 카보네이트의 혼합 몰비 1: 12: 120로 이루어지며, 상기 칼슘 이차 전지를 사용하여 3전극 셀을 제작하고 상기 3전극 셀을 사용하여 전압 범위 1~3.4V 및 2~3.4V 사이에서 주사 속도 0.5mV/s로 순환전압전류법을 수행하였을 때, 전압 범위 2~3.4V 사이에서 상기 전해질 분해의 영향이 제거됨으로써 칼슘 이온 흡장/방출의 비가역 용량을 감소시키는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Preferably, the electrolyte has a mixed molar ratio of the calcium salt, propylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate of 1: 12: 120, and the 3-electrode cell is fabricated using the calcium secondary battery, When the cyclic voltammetry method is performed at a scanning speed of 0.5 mV / s in the range of 1 to 3.4 V and 2 to 3.4 V, the influence of the electrolyte decomposition is removed at a voltage range of 2 to 3.4 V, Thereby reducing the irreversible capacity.

상술한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 의한 TiS2 음극 및 전해질을 포함하는 칼슘 이차 전지에 따르면, 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC)에 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC)를 첨가한 전해질을 사용하여 칼슘 이온과 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC)의 결합 구조를 변형시킴으로써 상기의 방법으로 제조한 음극 소재인 TiS2 층간으로 칼슘 이온이 흡장/방출되는 칼슘 이차 전지를 제공할 수 있다.
As described above, according to the calcium secondary battery including the TiS 2 negative electrode and the electrolyte according to the present invention, by using an electrolyte in which dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is added to propylene carbonate (PC), calcium ions and propylene carbonate A calcium secondary battery in which calcium ions are intercalated / deintercalated into a TiS 2 layer, which is a negative electrode material manufactured by the above-described method, can be provided.

도 1은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 칼슘 이차 전지의 음극 제조 방법의 공정을 나타내는 흐름도이다.
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예 1에 따른 칼슘 이차 전지의 칼슘 이온의 흡장/방출 반응을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 실시예 2에 따른 칼슘 이차 전지의 칼슘 이온의 흡장/방출 반응을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 비교예에 따른 이차 전지의 칼슘 이온의 흡장/방출 반응을 나타낸 그래프이다.
1 is a flowchart showing a process of a negative electrode manufacturing method of a calcium secondary battery according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a graph showing the absorption / release reaction of calcium ions in a calcium secondary battery according to Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a storage / release reaction of calcium ions in a calcium secondary cell according to Example 2 of the present invention. FIG.
4 is a graph showing the absorption / release reaction of calcium ions in a secondary battery according to a comparative example of the present invention.

이하, 본 발명의 칼슘 이차 전지에 대하여 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, a calcium secondary battery of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

본 발명의 칼슘 이차 전지는, 칼슘을 흡장 및 방출할 수 있는 양극 및 음극과, 양극 및 음극에 채워진 전해질을 포함하여 구성되며, 양극은 예를 들면 시트형의 양급 집전체로 유지되고, 음극은 시트형의 음극 집전체로 유지되어 있다.The calcium secondary battery of the present invention comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of absorbing and desorbing calcium, and an electrolyte filled in the positive and negative electrodes, wherein the positive electrode is held by, for example, a sheet- As shown in Fig.

음극은 음극 활물질 분말에 바인더와, 경우에 따라 도전제를 혼합하여 슬러리(slurry)를 제작한 후 구리 호일 등과 같은 집전체에 코팅하여 시트형, 편평원판상 등으로 성형한다. 여기서, 음극 활물질, 도전제 및 바인더의 혼합 비율은 7: 2: 1이고, 상기 음극 활물질로는 칼슘을 흡장/방출할 수 있는 TiS2를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 바인더로는 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드(PVdF; Polyvinylidene fluoride), 도전제로는 super-P 등을 예시할 수 있다.The negative electrode is prepared by mixing a binder and, if necessary, a conductive agent in a negative electrode active material powder to prepare a slurry, and then coating the current collector such as a copper foil to form a sheet shape or a flat disc shape. Here, the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder is 7: 2: 1, and it is preferable to use TiS 2 capable of absorbing / desorbing calcium as the negative electrode active material. Examples of the binder include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and super-P as a conductive agent.

다음으로, 본 발명에 따른 전해질은 칼슘염에 유기 용매가 첨가되는 것을 특징으로 한다. 구체적으로는, 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC; Propylene Carbonate)에 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC; Dimethyl Carbonate)를 혼합한 유기 용매에 칼슘염이 용해되어 형성된 전해액을 예시할 수 있다. 이때, 칼슘염으로는 Ca(CF3SO3)2, Ca(ClO4)2, 또는 Ca(SO3CF3)2를 예시할 수 있으며, 칼슘염, 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC) 및 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC)의 몰비는 1: 12: 120인 것이 바람직하다.Next, the electrolyte according to the present invention is characterized in that an organic solvent is added to the calcium salt. Specifically, an electrolytic solution formed by dissolving a calcium salt in an organic solvent in which propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are mixed is exemplified. At this time, the calcium salt is Ca (CF 3 SO 3) 2 , Ca (ClO 4) 2, or Ca (SO 3 CF 3) can be given a second, and a calcium salt, propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC ) Is preferably 1: 12: 120.

아래 실시예에서 확인할 수 있는 바와 같이, 칼슘염, 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC) 및 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC)를 1: 12: 120의 비율로 혼합한 본 발명의 전해질은 TiS2 음극에 칼슘 이온이 효과적으로 흡장/방출될 수 있도록 한다.
As can be seen in the following embodiments, a calcium salt, propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) 1: 12: The electrolyte of the present invention is storage of calcium ions effectively to TiS 2 cathode are mixed in the ratio of 120 / To be released.

그러면, 여기서 상기와 같이 구성된 칼슘 이차 전지의 음극 제조 방법에 대해 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a negative electrode of a calcium secondary battery constructed as described above will be described.

도 1은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 칼슘 이차 전지의 음극 제조 방법의 공정을 나타내는 흐름도이다.1 is a flowchart showing a process of a negative electrode manufacturing method of a calcium secondary battery according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

도 1을 참조하면, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 칼슘 이차 전지의 음극 제조 방법으로서, 먼저 음극 활물질과 바인더 및 경우에 따라 도전제를 혼합하여 슬러리를 제조한다(S10). 상기 음극 활물질로는 칼슘을 흡장/방출할 수 있는 TiS2를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 바인더로는 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드(PVdF; Polyvinylidene fluoride), 도전제로는 super-P 등을 예시할 수 있다. S10 단계에서 제조된 혼합물에서 음극 활물질, 도전제 및 바인더의 혼합 비율은 7: 2: 1인 것이 바람직하다.Referring to FIG. 1, a method of manufacturing a negative electrode of a calcium secondary battery according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes first preparing a slurry by mixing a negative electrode active material, a binder and, if necessary, a conductive agent. As the negative electrode active material, it is preferable to use TiS 2 capable of absorbing / desorbing calcium. Examples of the binder include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and super-P as a conductive agent. The mixing ratio of the anode active material, the conductive agent and the binder in the mixture prepared in the step S10 is preferably 7: 2: 1.

다음으로, 상기 S10 단계에서 제조된 슬러리를 집전체에 코팅하고(S20), 상기 집전체에 코팅된 슬러리를 건조한다(S30).
Next, the slurry prepared in the step S10 is coated on the current collector (S20), and the slurry coated on the current collector is dried (S30).

이하에서, 실시예 및 비교예를 통하여 예시적인 구현예들이 더욱 상세하게 설명된다. 단, 실시예는 기술적 사상을 예시하기 위한 것으로서 이들만으로 본 발명의 범위가 한정되는 것이 아니다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments will be described in more detail by way of examples and comparative examples. It should be noted, however, that the embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

(실시예 1)(Example 1)

먼저, 음극 활물질로서 TiS2 파우더 90wt%, 도전제로서 super-P 20wt% 및 바인더로서 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드(PVdF) 10wt%를 혼합하여 슬러리를 제조하였다(S10). 그 후, 단계 S10에서 형성된 슬러리를 집전체 구리 호일에 닥터 블레이드법(doctor blade method)으로 코팅하고(S20), 상기 집전체에 코팅된 슬러리를 진공 상태에서 40℃부터 80℃까지 서서히 올린 후 12시간 동안 건조시켜(S30), 음극을 제조하였다.First, 90 wt% of TiS 2 powder, 20 wt% of super-P as a conductive agent, and 10 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder were mixed as a negative electrode active material (S10). Thereafter, the slurry formed in step S10 is coated on the current collector copper foil by a doctor blade method (S20), and the slurry coated on the current collector is gradually raised from 40 DEG C to 80 DEG C in a vacuum state, (S30) to prepare a negative electrode.

또한, 전해질은 주용매로서 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC), 에틸렌 카보네이트(EC; Ethylene Carbonate), 아세토나이트릴(AN; Acetonitrile)으로 이루어진 군 중에서 선택된 어느 하나에 공용매로서 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC), 다이에틸 카보네이트(DEC; Diethyl Carbonate), 에틸메틸 카보네이트(EMC; Ethylmethyl Carbonate)(EMC), 1,2-다이메틸옥시에테인(DME; 1,2-dimethoxyethane)으로 이루어진 군 중에서 선택된 어느 하나를 혼합한 용매에 Ca(CF3SO3)2, Ca(ClO4)2, 또는 Ca(SO3CF3)2 염을 용해시켜 형성하였다. 그 결과, TiS2에 칼슘 이온이 흡장/방출되는 반응이 확인된 전해질은 Ca(SO3CF3)2: 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC): 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC)의 비율을 1: 12: 120으로 혼합한 전해질이었다.The electrolyte is prepared by dissolving dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DMC), or the like as a co-solvent in any one selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC) and acetonitrile (DEC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) in a mixed solvent of Ca (CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 , Ca (ClO 4 ) 2 , or Ca (SO 3 CF 3 ) 2 salt. As a result, it was confirmed that the electrolyte in which the reaction of absorbing / desorbing calcium ions in TiS 2 was confirmed was a mixture of Ca (SO 3 CF 3 ) 2 : propylene carbonate (PC): dimethyl carbonate (DMC) at a ratio of 1: 12: Electrolyte.

그리고, 상기와 같이 제조된 음극 즉, 작업 전극 및 전해질과, 리튬 금속으로 이루어진 상대 전극 및 기준 전극을 사용하여 아래 그림과 같은 테프론 소재의 3전극 셀을 제작하여, 순환전압전류법을 수행하였다.Then, a three electrode cell made of Teflon as shown in the following figure was fabricated by using the cathode, i.e., the working electrode and the electrolyte, the counter electrode made of lithium metal, and the reference electrode, and the cyclic voltammetry was performed.

이때, 순환전압전류법 수행 공정은 아르곤(Ar) 가스가 충진된 글로브 박스(glove box) 내에서 상기 3전극 셀을 사용하여 전압 범위 1~3.4V 사이에서 주사 속도 0.5mV/s로 수행하였다.At this time, the cyclic voltammetry process was performed in a glove box filled with argon (Ar) gas at a scanning speed of 0.5 mV / s in a voltage range of 1 to 3.4 V using the three-electrode cell.

[그림][Drawing]

Figure 112014054620826-pat00001
Figure 112014054620826-pat00001

(RE: 기준 전극(Reference Electrode), CE: 상대 전극(Counter Electrode), WE: 시험 전극(Working Electrode))(RE: Reference Electrode, CE: Counter Electrode, WE: Working Electrode)

(실시예 2)(Example 2)

전압 범위를 2~3.4V로 하여 순환전압전류법 측정을 수행한 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일하게 실시하였다.The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the cyclic voltammetry method was carried out at a voltage range of 2 to 3.4V.

(비교예)(Comparative Example)

기준 전극으로 칼슘 금속을 사용하고, 전압 범위를 0~2.2V로 하여 순환전압전류법 측정을 수행한 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일하게 실시하였다.The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that calcium metal was used as a reference electrode and the cyclic voltammetry method was performed with a voltage range of 0 to 2.2 V. [

(순환전압주사 측정을 포함한 전기화학적 성능 평가)(Electrochemical performance evaluation including cyclic voltage scanning measurement)

도 2는 본 발명의 실시예 1에 따른 칼슘 이차 전지의 칼슘 이온의 흡장/방출 반응을 나타낸 그래프이고, 도 3은 본 발명의 실시예 2에 따른 칼슘 이차 전지의 칼슘 이온의 흡장/방출 반응을 나타낸 그래프이며, 도 4는 본 발명의 비교예에 따른 이차 전지의 칼슘 이온의 흡장/방출 반응을 나타낸 그래프이다.FIG. 2 is a graph showing the absorption / release reaction of calcium ions in a calcium secondary cell according to Example 1 of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the absorption / release reaction of calcium ions in a calcium secondary battery according to Example 2 of the present invention. And FIG. 4 is a graph showing a storage / release reaction of calcium ions in a secondary battery according to a comparative example of the present invention.

먼저 도 2를 참조하면, 2.7V에서 칼슘 이온의 흡장 피크가 관찰되며 2.9V에서 칼슘 이온의 방출 피크가 관찰된다. 또한, 흡장 피크와 방출 피크의 크기를 비교하면 방출 피크가 더 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 이는, 칼슘 이차 전지의 전지 특성이 칼슘 이온의 흡장 후 일어나는 전해질 분해(1~2V)의 영향을 받는다는 것을 보여준다.First, referring to FIG. 2, a storage peak of calcium ion is observed at 2.7 V and an emission peak of calcium ion is observed at 2.9 V. Further, it can be seen that the release peak is larger when the storage peak is compared with the emission peak size. This shows that the cell characteristics of the calcium secondary battery are affected by the electrolytic decomposition (1 to 2 V) occurring after the occlusion of calcium ions.

다음으로, 실시예 2는 실시예 1에서의 상기 전해질 분해의 영향을 제거하기 위해 전압 범위를 2~3.4V로 설정하여 순환전압전류법을 실시한 것으로서, 도 3을 참조하면, 2.6~2.7V에서 칼슘의 흡장이 이루어지고 2.9V에서 칼슘의 방출이 이루어지는 것을 볼 수 있다. 또한, 상기 도 2의 그래프에서 보이는 흡장/방출의 비가역적인 면적이 도 3에서는 보이지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 이는, 전해질 분해 반응이 방출이 이루어지는 산화 반응에 그만큼 영향을 준다는 것을 보여준다.Next, Example 2 is a cyclic voltammetry method in which the voltage range is set to 2 to 3.4 V in order to eliminate the influence of the electrolyte decomposition in Example 1. Referring to FIG. 3, It can be seen that calcium is occluded and calcium is released at 2.9V. Also, it can be seen that the irreversible area of the occlusion / release shown in the graph of FIG. 2 is not visible in FIG. This shows that the electrolytic decomposition reaction has much effect on the oxidation reaction in which the release takes place.

비교예는 칼슘 금속을 기준 전극으로 하여 순환전압전류법을 실시한 것으로서, 도 4를 참조하면, 흡장/방출 피크가 각각 흡장은 (-) 방향으로 방출은 (+) 방향으로 이동하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이는, 칼슘 금속이 기준 전극으로서 기능을 못한다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서, 본 발명의 비교예에 따르면, 칼슘 금속을 기준 전극으로 활용하기 힘들 것으로 예상된다.
The comparative example is a cyclic voltammetric method using a calcium metal as a reference electrode. Referring to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the absorption / emission peak shifts in the negative (-) direction and the emission shifts in the (+) direction . This shows that the calcium metal does not function as a reference electrode. Therefore, according to the comparative example of the present invention, calcium metal is expected to be difficult to utilize as a reference electrode.

이상에서 몇 가지 실시예를 들어 본 발명을 더욱 상세하게 설명하였으나, 본 발명은 반드시 이러한 실시예로 국한되는 것이 아니고 본 발명의 기술사상을 벗어나지 않는 범위 내에서 다양하게 변형실시될 수 있다.While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

TiS2 음극 활물질, 도전제 및 바인더를 포함하여 형성됨으로써 칼슘이온의 흡장/방출이 가능한 음극; 및 칼슘염에 유기 용매가 첨가되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전해질;을 포함하고,
상기 유기용매는 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC; Propylene Carbonate) 및 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC; Dimethyl Carbonate)를 포함하며,
상기 전해질의 칼슘염으로는 Ca(CF3SO3)2, Ca(ClO4)2, 또는 Ca(SO3CF3)2이 포함되는 것인, 칼슘 이차 전지.
A negative electrode including a TiS 2 negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder and capable of storing and releasing calcium ions; And an electrolyte in which an organic solvent is added to the calcium salt,
The organic solvent includes propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)
The calcium salt of the electrolyte is Ca (CF 3 SO 3) 2 , Ca (ClO 4) 2, or Ca (SO 3 CF 3) 2 which would include, calcium secondary battery.
삭제delete 제1항에 있어서,
상기 전해질에 포함되는 칼슘염은 Ca(SO3CF3)2인, 칼슘 이차 전지.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the calcium salt contained in the electrolyte is Ca (SO 3 CF 3 ) 2 .
제1항에 있어서,
상기 전해질은 Ca(SO3CF3)2: 프로필렌 카보네이트(PC): 디메틸 카보네이트(DMC)의 비율을 1: 12: 120으로 혼합한 전해질이고,
상기 바인더는 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드(PVdF; Polyvinylidene fluoride)이고, 상기 도전제는 super-P이며, 상기 음극 활물질, 도전제 및 바인더의 혼합 비율은 7: 2: 1인, 칼슘 이차 전지.
The method according to claim 1,
The electrolyte is an electrolyte in which the ratio of Ca (SO 3 CF 3 ) 2 : propylene carbonate (PC): dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is 1: 12:
Wherein the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), the conductive agent is super-P, and the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder is 7: 2: 1.
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