KR101668298B1 - Apparatus and method for indicating brain state using auditory steady state response - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for indicating brain state using auditory steady state response Download PDF

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KR101668298B1
KR101668298B1 KR1020150070294A KR20150070294A KR101668298B1 KR 101668298 B1 KR101668298 B1 KR 101668298B1 KR 1020150070294 A KR1020150070294 A KR 1020150070294A KR 20150070294 A KR20150070294 A KR 20150070294A KR 101668298 B1 KR101668298 B1 KR 101668298B1
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brain
signal
eeg
temporal
prefrontal
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KR1020150070294A
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Korean (ko)
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황은진
최지현
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한국과학기술연구원
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    • A61B5/04845—
    • A61B5/0476—
    • A61B5/0478—
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
    • A61B5/6831—Straps, bands or harnesses

Abstract

A first electrode for measuring a prefrontal brain wave, a second electrode for measuring a temporal brain wave, a stimulation signal based on the stimulus signal, the prefrontal EEG, and the temporal EEG A brain state indicator using a cognitive persistence response, the brain state indicator comprising a signal processing unit for determining a brain state, and a brain state display unit for visually displaying the brain state determined by the signal processing unit.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a brain condition indicator,

The present invention relates to a brain state indicator and a brain state indicator using a cortical persistence reaction, and more particularly, to a brain state indicator and a brain state indicator, which can visually present brain states based on changes in brain waves, To a brain state display method.

Gamma EEG vibration in the 40 Hz band of EEG is known to play an important role as an integrated mechanism of cranial nerve activity. Synchronization of gamma vibration between brain regions affects various brain cognitive functions such as selective attention, performance memory, and perception .

Gamma EEG vibration may occur spontaneously, but may also be caused by visual or auditory steady-state stimulation. According to previous studies, the brain response to auditory steady state stimulation (ASSS), which is presented at 40 Hz in schizophrenic patients, is significantly lower than that of the normal group, It is presumed that there is a functional problem in the generation mechanism of the Gamma brain wave vibration which is known to perform the Gamma brain wave vibration. Furthermore, it has been reported that the magnitude of cognitive persistence depends on the degree of attention, even in normal subjects, and this is the rationale for the brain status indicator based on cognitive persistence.

Kwon JS, O'Donnell BF, Wallenstein GV, Greene RW, Hirayasu Y, Nestor PG, Hasselmo ME, Potts GF, Shenton ME, McCarley RW. Gamma frequency-range abnormalities to auditory stimulation in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999; 56: 1001-1005.  Skosnik PD, Krishnan GP, O'Donnell BF. The effect of selective attention on the gamma-band auditory steady-state response, Neurosci Lett. 2007; 420 (3): 223-8  Ross B1, Picton TW, Herdman AT, Pantev C. The effect of attention on the auditory steady-state response. Neurol Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Nov 30; 2004: 22.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a brain state indicator and a brain state display method using a cortical persistence reaction, .

According to an embodiment of the present invention to achieve the object of the present invention, a brain state indicator using a corticosteroid reaction includes a signal output unit for outputting a stimulation signal for applying a sustained stimulus, a first electrode for measuring a prefrontal brain wave A second electrode for measuring a temporal brain wave, a signal processing unit for determining a brain state based on the sound stimulation signal, the prefrontal brain wave and the temporal brain wave, and a brain state indicator for visually displaying a brain state determined by the signal processing unit. .

In one embodiment of the present invention, the sound stimulus signal is an amplitude modulated sound signal, and may have a frequency range of 10-50 Hz.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode may be disposed between the FPz region and the AFz region, the second electrode may be disposed at the C5 region, and the FPz region, AFz region, 10-20 < / RTI > system.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus may further include a ground electrode for grounding and a reference electrode for measuring a reference EEG signal that is a reference of EEG signals measured at the first electrode and the second electrode, The electrodes can be placed at the FP1 site of the International 10-20 system, and the reference electrode can be placed at the mastoid site in the downward direction of the auricle.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a band-shaped band portion extending along the head circumferential direction from the forehead and an extension portion extending from the band portion toward the back of the ear may be further included, and the first electrode, The ground electrode, the signal processing unit, and the brain state display unit may be disposed in the band unit, and the reference electrode may be disposed in the extended unit.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the signal processing unit may calculate a brain condition index based on the sound stimulus signal, the prefrontal brain wave and the temporal brain wave, and compare the brain condition index with a predetermined reference brain condition index The brain state can be judged.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the brain state display unit includes at least one light source for generating light based on the determined brain state, a display device for displaying an image based on the determined brain state, And an accessory whose shape changes based on the state of the brain.

The method for displaying a brain state according to an embodiment of the present invention for realizing the object of the present invention includes the steps of applying a cortical sustaining stimulus to a subject by outputting a stimulation signal, measuring a prefrontal brain wave and a temporal brain wave, Determining a brain state based on the prefrontal brain waves and the temporal brain waves, and visually displaying the determined brain states.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the sound stimulus signal is an amplitude modulated sound signal, and may have a frequency range of 10-50 Hz.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the prefrontal EEG can be measured between the FPz site and the AFz site, the temporal EEG can be measured at the C5 site, the FPz site, the AFz site, 20 system.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the brain state includes calculating a brain state index based on the sound stimulus signal, the prefrontal brain wave and the temporal brain wave, and calculating a calculated brain state index using a predetermined reference brain And comparing the state index with the state index to determine the brain state.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the brain condition index includes calculating the power of the prefrontal EEG and the power of the temporal EEG, calculating the degree of synchronization between the prefrontal EEG and temporal EEG, and calculating the prefrontal EEG and temporal EEG And calculating the degree of synchronization with respect to the sound stimulation signal of the sound stimulation signal.

According to the brain state indicator and method using the celestial sustained response, the brain state can be visually displayed by using the celestial continuous reaction.

1 is a block diagram of a brain status indicator using a cortical persistence response, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram showing the sensor unit of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a view for explaining attachment positions of electrodes of the sensor unit of FIG. 1;
4 is a conceptual diagram of a brain status indicator implemented in the form of a hair band according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

For the same repetitive auditory steady state stimulation (ASSS), it is observed that the frontal lobe of the brain changes the amplitude of the EEG responsive to stimulation and the connectivity between the frontal and temporal lobes depending on the degree of awakening. In addition, it is observed that the degree of synchronization of brain waves with respect to ASSS changes due to brain stimulation applied asynchronously while ASSS is applied, and this change is observed to vary depending on the brain state. The present invention is based on the above-described change in the response to ASSS according to the brain state.

According to the present invention, the brain status indicator using the corticosteroid reaction can visually display the brain state using an auditory steady state response (ASSR). In one embodiment, the brain status indicator separates the brain state of the subject into at least two different states (e. G., A concentrated state and a relaxed state) based on brain waves of a person or animal subject to ASSR induced by ASSS , And the separated state can be visually displayed. Here, ASSR means a reaction in which brain waves are synchronized in response to an authorized ASSS.

1 is a block diagram of a brain status indicator using a cortical persistence response, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a block diagram showing the sensor unit of FIG. FIG. 3 is a view for explaining attachment positions of electrodes of the sensor unit of FIG. 1;

1 to 3, a brain status indicator 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a signal output unit 100, a sensor unit 200, a signal processing unit 300, and a brain status display unit 400 .

The signal output unit 100 may be configured to output a sound stimulus signal for applying ASSS to a subject, as an ASSS presentation unit. The signal output unit 100 may include appropriate signal generating means according to the type of the sound stimulation signal applied by the signal output unit 100. [

In one embodiment, the sound stimulus signal by the signal output 100 may be an amplitude modulation (AM) sound signal having a frequency range between 10-50 Hz. Specifically, when a sound stimulation signal having a frequency near 40 Hz is used, the brain state of the object can be more accurately distinguished. In a preferred embodiment, the sound stimulus signal may be a diagnostic 40 Hz AM stimulus signal that is momentarily applied for a short period of time.

The ASSS applied by the signal output unit 100 may be presented according to an ASSS protocol determined by experiments and the like. For example, the signal output unit 100 may repeat the sound stimulus signal for 700 ms and stop applying the sound stimulus signal for 500 ms. The pulse width of the sound stimulus signal may be 10 ms and the intensity of the sound stimulus signal may be 65-80 dB. The sound stimulation may be applied continuously for 5 minutes or more, intermittently at a long interval (for example, the sound stimulus signal is applied for 2 minutes and the sound stimulus signal is applied for 1 hour).

The signal output unit 100 may include ear units such as a general earphone, a bone conduction earphone, a headphone, and the like, which can be worn by a target object. However, the signal output unit 100 may include any kind of An ear unit or a speaker. The signal output unit 100 can receive a sound signal from the external device 20. For example, the signal output unit 100 may be a wired ear unit or a wired speaker connected to the external device 20 in a wired manner. Alternatively, the signal output unit 100 may be a wireless Unit or a wireless speaker. For example, the signal output unit 100 may have its own wireless communication module and may be wirelessly connected to the external device 20 through the wireless output unit 100, or the signal output unit 100 may be connected to the external device 20 through the signal transmission / And may be wirelessly connected to the base station 20.

The sensor unit 200 may be configured to measure an EEG signal of a subject. The sensor unit 200 may include a first electrode 210, a second electrode 220, a ground electrode 230, and a reference electrode 240 for detecting an EEG signal.

The first electrode 210, the second electrode 220, the ground electrode 230, and the reference electrode 240 may be formed in accordance with the International 10-20 system (10-20 system) . In one embodiment, the first electrode 210 may be disposed between FPz and AFz on a prefrontal centerline. The second electrode 220 may be disposed at the temporal left C5 region or adjacent to the C5 region. The ground electrode 230 may be disposed at the FP1 site or adjacent to the FP1 site. The reference electrode 240 may be disposed at a mastoid portion in the downward direction of the auricle or adjacent to the nipple protrusion portion.

The first electrode 210 may be disposed between the FPz region and the AFz region to measure an EEG signal of the prefrontal region. The second electrode 220 is disposed at the C5 region to measure temporal EEG signals. The ground electrode 230 may be an electrode for grounding the EEG electrodes. The reference electrode 240 may measure a reference EEG signal that is a reference of EEG signals measured at the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 220.

The signal processing unit 300 includes an EEG signal measured by the first electrode 210, a temporal EEG signal measured by the second electrode, a reference EEG signal measured by the reference electrode 240, The state of the brain of the subject can be determined based on the sound stimulus signal output by the sound stimulation unit 100. [

The signal processing unit 300 generates an electroencephalogram EEG based on the EEG signal measured by the first electrode 210, the EEG signal measured by the second electrode, and the reference EEG signal measured by the reference electrode 240, And temporal lobe EEGs.

Next, the signal processing unit 300 may calculate a brain state index indicative of a brain state based on a prefrontal brain wave, a temporal brain wave, and a sound stimulus signal output by the signal output unit 100. In one embodiment, the brain state indicator may include power of each of the prefrontal and temporal brain waves, the phase synchronization index (PSI), and the degree of synchronization of the brain waves with respect to stimulation (PSI). Here, the term power refers to the magnitude of a frequency component of an EEG.

A phase synchronization index (PSI) between the prefrontal and temporal brain waves, a degree of synchronization between the prefrontal brain and auditory stimulus signals (PSI), and a degree of synchronization between the temporal brain and auditory stimulus signals (PSI).

The power of the prefrontal EEG and the power of the temporal EEG can be calculated by Equation 1, respectively.

[Equation 1]

Figure 112015048328410-pat00001

Here, k is the frequency, P k is the size (power) of the EEG with frequency k components, x n is the brain wave, and N is the length of the brain wave x n (i.e., the number of samples).

The degree of synchronization between the prefrontal EEG and the temporal EEG can be calculated as the degree of synchronization between the EEG and the temporal EEG, and the degree of synchronization between the EEG and the stimulus signal and the synchronization between the temporal EEG and the stimulus signal can be calculated . The degree of synchronization of each can be calculated by Equation (2).

[Equation 2]

Figure 112015048328410-pat00002

Where PSI is the degree of synchronization, N is the length of the signal (i.e., the number of samples), and [Delta] is the phase difference between the two signals. When calculating the degree of synchronization between the prefrontal and temporal brain waves, ΔØ may be the phase difference between the prefrontal and temporal brain waves. When calculating the degree of synchronization between the prefrontal EEG and the sound stimulus signal, ΔØ may be the phase difference between the prefrontal EEG and the sound stimulus signal. When calculating the degree of synchronization between the temporal EEG and the sound stimulus signal, ΔØ may be the phase difference between the temporal EEP and the sound stimulus signal.

Next, the signal processing unit 300 can determine the brain state of the object by comparing the calculated brain state index with the reference brain state index.

The reference brain condition indicator may comprise a first statistic calculated from a subject of 20 or more healthy adults or a second statistic calculated from the subject.

The first statistic may be a statistic of power and degree of synchronization computed from a brain signal collected from a control group in a relaxed state, for example, 20 or more healthy adults. For example, the first statistic may be a statistic of the brain condition indicators of the control group using the signal processor 300.

The second statistic may be a statistic of power and degree of synchronization computed from brain signals collected from an object in a relaxed state. For example, the second statistic may be personalized based on the brain state index collected during the subject's exercise for 1 to 2 hours in a relaxed state prior to using the brain state indicator according to the present invention. Alternatively, it may be personalized based on brain state indicators collected in various states (concentration, relaxation, excitement, etc.) to generate a personalized second statistic.

Accordingly, the signal processing unit 300 may compare the brain state index with the first statistic to determine how far the object is in the reference state, and may determine the brain state index corresponding to various states such as concentration, relaxation, Can be determined in advance through experiments. In addition, the signal processing unit 300 may compare the brain state index with the second statistic to determine whether the object is in a current concentrated state, a relaxed state, or an excited state.

The brain state display unit 400 can visually display the current brain state of the object based on the state of the brain determined by the signal processing unit 300. [ In order to visually display the brain state, the brain state display unit 400 may include various types of indicators. In one embodiment, the brain status indicator 400 includes at least one light source, e.g., a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, that generates light, The brain state of the object can be displayed through the color change of the light source. In another embodiment, brain state indicator 400 includes a display device for displaying an image, such as, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel or an organic light emitting display And can display the determined brain state using the display device. In another embodiment, the brain state indicator 400 may include an accessory configured to physically change its shape, and may display a state of the brain through changes in the shape of the accessory.

The brain condition indicator 10 may further include a signal transceiver unit 500. The signal transmitting and receiving unit 500 may be connected to the external device 20 in a wireless or wired manner to transmit the calculated brain condition index or the determined brain condition to the external device 20 in the signal processing unit 300. In this case, the external device 20 can display the transmitted brain state index or brain state through a display device connected to the external device 20. [

4 is a conceptual diagram of a brain status indicator implemented in the form of a hair band according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1 to 4, a brain state display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a sensor unit 200, a signal processing unit 300, a brain state display unit 400, and a signal transceiving unit 500 A band portion 600 and an extension portion 700.

The band portion 600 may be in the form of a band extending along the head circumferential direction from the forehead of the object, and the extension portion 700 may be in a form extending from the band portion toward the back of the ear.

 The signal output unit 100 may be located at the ear of the subject and may be separated from the extension unit 700. Alternatively, the signal output section 100 may be coupled to the extension section 700.

The first electrode 210 may be disposed on the band portion 600 so as to be disposed between FPz and AFz on the prefrontal center line of the subject when the subject wears the brain condition indicator 10. [

The second electrode 220 may be disposed on the band portion 600 or the extension portion 700 so that the object may be disposed at the C5 region when the subject wears the brain condition indicator 10. [

The ground electrode 230 may be disposed on the band portion 600 so that the object can be placed at the FP1 region when the subject wears the brain condition indicator 10. [

The reference electrode 240 may be disposed on the extension 700 so that the reference electrode 240 can be disposed at a portion of the protrusion of the lower portion of the auricle when the user wears the brain condition indicator 10.

The brain state display unit 400 may be disposed on the band portion 600 so that the object faces the front direction when the brain state indicator 10 is worn. The brain state display unit 400 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 includes an LED lamp. The brain state can be visually displayed by blinking the LED lamp or changing the color of the LED lamp.

The signal processing unit 300 and the signal transmitting and receiving unit 500 may be disposed on the band unit 600. The signal processing unit 300 and the signal transmission and reception unit 500 may be disposed at a portion where the band unit 600 and the extension unit 700 are coupled to each other, The position of the signal transmission / reception unit 500 may be changed according to the design.

In one embodiment, the external device 20 may receive the brain state index or brain state calculated in the signal processing unit 300 through the signal transmission / reception unit 500. The external device 20 may receive the brain signals measured by the sensor unit 200 through the signal transmission / reception unit 500. The external device 20 can display the brain state of the object based on the transmitted brain state index, brain state, and brain signals.

 In another embodiment, brain state indicator 10 may not include band portion 600 and extension 700 and may include first electrode 210, second electrode 220, ground electrode 230, and / The reference electrode 240 may be in the form of an electrode that is directly attached to the head. Alternatively, the brain status indicator 10 may be in the form of a wearable head mount on the head of the subject, in which case the first electrode 210, the second electrode 220, the ground electrode 230, (240) can be adjusted according to the object.

While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. However, it should be understood that such modifications are within the technical scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims.

10: brain state indicator 20: external device
100: Signal output unit 200: Sensor unit
210: first electrode 220: second electrode
230: ground electrode 240: reference electrode
300: signal processor 400: brain state indicator
500: signal transmitting / receiving unit 600: band unit
700: Extension

Claims (12)

A signal output unit for outputting a sound stimulation signal for applying a sustaining stimulus;
A first electrode for measuring prefrontal brain waves;
A second electrode for measuring temporal brain waves;
A signal processing unit for determining a brain state based on the sound stimulation signal, the prefrontal EEG, and the temporal EEG; And
And a brain state display unit for visually displaying the brain state determined by the signal processing unit,
The signal processing unit
Calculating a brain condition index based on the sound stimulus signal, the prefrontal brain wave and the temporal brain wave,
Comparing the brain condition index with a predetermined reference brain condition index to determine a brain condition,
The brain state index
The power of each of the prefrontal EEG and the temporal EEG;
The degree of synchronization between the prefrontal EEG and the temporal EEG; And
And a degree of synchronization of the prefrontal EEG and the stimulation signal of the temporal EEG,
(PSI) between the prefrontal brain wave and the temporal brain wave, the synchronization degree (PSI) with respect to the prefrontal brain wave and the sound stimulation signal, or the degree of synchronization (PSI) with respect to the temporal brain wave and the sound stimulation signal
Figure 112016066789445-pat00007

, Where N is the length of the signal (number of samples), and [Delta] is the phase difference between the two synchronized signals. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sound stimulus signal
An amplitude modulated sound signal having a frequency range between 10 Hz and 50 Hz. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first electrode is disposed between the FPz region and the AFz region,
The second electrode is disposed at the C5 region,
Wherein the FPz region, the AFz region, and the C5 region are an electrode arrangement region according to the International 10-20 system. The method according to claim 1,
A grounding electrode for grounding; And
Further comprising a reference electrode for measuring a reference EEG signal that is a reference of EEG signals measured at the first electrode and the second electrode,
The ground electrode is disposed at the FP1 region of the International 10-20 system,
Wherein the reference electrode is disposed at a mastoid portion of the back of the auricle in a downward direction. 5. The method of claim 4,
A band-shaped band portion extending from the forehead along the head circumferential direction; And
And an extension extending from the band portion toward the back of the ear,
Wherein the first electrode, the second electrode, the ground electrode, the signal processing unit, and the brain state display unit are disposed in the band unit,
Wherein the reference electrode is disposed in the extension portion. delete The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the brain state display unit
At least one light source for generating light based on the determined brain state, a display device for displaying an image based on the determined brain state, or an accessory for changing the shape based on the determined brain state, A brain state indicator using a corticosteroid response. Outputting a sound stimulus signal and applying a celestial lasting stimulus to the object;
Measuring prefrontal EEG and temporal EEG;
Determining a brain condition based on the sound stimulus signal, the prefrontal EEG, and the temporal EEG; And
And visually displaying the determined brain state,
The step of determining the brain condition
Calculating a brain condition index based on the sound stimulus signal, the prefrontal brain waves, and the temporal brain waves; And
And comparing the calculated brain condition index with a predetermined reference brain condition index to determine a brain condition,
The step of calculating the brain condition index
Calculating a power of the prefrontal brain wave and a power of the temporal brain wave;
Calculating a degree of synchronization between the prefrontal brain wave and the temporal brain wave; And
Calculating a degree of synchronization of the prefrontal brain waves and the sound stimulation signals of the temporal brain waves,
(PSI) between the prefrontal brain wave and the temporal brain wave, the synchronization degree (PSI) with respect to the prefrontal brain wave and the sound stimulation signal, or the degree of synchronization (PSI) with respect to the temporal brain wave and the sound stimulation signal
Figure 112016066789445-pat00008

, Where N is the length of the signal (number of samples), and [Delta] is the phase difference between the two synchronized signals. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the sound stimulus signal
Amplitude modulated sound signal and having a frequency range between 10 and 50 Hz. 9. The method of claim 8,
The prefrontal EEG is measured between the FPz site and the AFz site,
The temporal EEG is measured at the C5 region,
Wherein the FPz region, the AFz region, and the C5 region are an electrode arrangement region according to the international 10-20 system. delete delete
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WO2023239160A1 (en) * 2022-06-07 2023-12-14 에스케이바이오팜 주식회사 Wearable device capable of measuring eeg and ecg for long time

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101796743B1 (en) 2016-07-21 2017-11-10 서울대학교산학협력단 Language comprehension evaluation system and method using a brain response
KR20230026073A (en) * 2021-08-17 2023-02-24 주식회사 뉴로티엑스 Neurostimulation-based neurofeedback device using brain waves and heartbeat signals
KR102556503B1 (en) * 2021-08-17 2023-07-20 주식회사 뉴로티엑스 Neurostimulation-based neurofeedback device using brain waves and heartbeat signals
WO2023239160A1 (en) * 2022-06-07 2023-12-14 에스케이바이오팜 주식회사 Wearable device capable of measuring eeg and ecg for long time

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