KR101618299B1 - Monitoring method and monitoring apparatus for solar power generating system - Google Patents

Monitoring method and monitoring apparatus for solar power generating system Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101618299B1
KR101618299B1 KR1020150189531A KR20150189531A KR101618299B1 KR 101618299 B1 KR101618299 B1 KR 101618299B1 KR 1020150189531 A KR1020150189531 A KR 1020150189531A KR 20150189531 A KR20150189531 A KR 20150189531A KR 101618299 B1 KR101618299 B1 KR 101618299B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
value
connection
inverter
unit
output value
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KR1020150189531A
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Korean (ko)
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정현아
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운지파워텍(주)
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R31/3658—
    • G01R31/3682—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G08B21/182—Level alarms, e.g. alarms responsive to variables exceeding a threshold
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G08B21/185—Electrical failure alarms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a device to monitor a solar cell generation system. The present invention includes: a step of detecting each unit output value of connection boards supplied to a unit inverter; a step of calculating an input value of the unit inverter by adding up each unit output value detected from the connection boards; a step of calculating an inverter string average value, which is a solar cell string average output value of the unit inverter, by dividing the input value of the unit inverter by the number of all solar cell strings connected to the unit inverter; a step of calculating a connection board string average output value of each of the connection boards by dividing the unit output value, detected from each of the connection boards connected to the unit inverter, by the number of solar cell strings combined with each of the connection boards; a step of displaying the inverter string average value and the string average output value of each of the connection boards; a step of calculating a deviation value by comparing the connection board string average output value of each of the connection boards with the inverter string average output value; and a step of generating a warning to a connection board, satisfying a set condition, based on the deviation value of each of the connection boards. According to the present invention, the present invention is capable of simplifying the formation of the system and improving the reliability of monitoring on solar cell strings.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a monitoring method and apparatus for a solar power generation system,

The present invention relates to a monitoring method and apparatus for a solar power generation system.

Solar cells turn solar energy into electrical energy. A solar power generation system (also known as a solar power plant) is a collection of solar cells connected in series or in parallel with a plurality of solar cells (modules).

1 is a systematic diagram showing an example of a general solar power generation system. Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a connection panel constituting a general solar power generation system.

1 and 2, a typical solar power generation system includes a solar cell array unit 100 including a plurality of solar cell strings 110, a solar cell array 110 of the solar cell array unit 100, And an inverter 300 for converting the direct current power supplied from the connection modules 200 to alternating current power.

The solar cell strings 110 of the solar cell array unit 100 include a plurality of solar cell modules 111 connected in series and the solar cell module 111 is a module in which solar cells, do. In each solar cell string 110, the same number of solar cell modules 111 are connected in series in accordance with the input voltage of the inverter 300.

The connection unit 200 is connected to a plurality of solar cell strings 110 to combine the DC powers output from the solar cell strings 110 and output to the inverter 300. A plurality of connection units 200 are connected to the inverter 300, and a plurality of connection units 200 are connected to the inverter 300, respectively. The connection block 200 includes a fuse 211 connected in series to each output terminal of the solar cell strings 110, a reverse current prevention diode 212 connected in series to the fuse 211 to prevent reverse current, (Which is a unit serial circuit) 210 composed of a current transformer (not shown) connected in series to the transformer 212 to detect the current of the line. The connection block 200 also includes a circuit breaker 213 connected to an output connected in parallel with the string circuits 210.

The inverter 300 is connected to the connection modules 200 to convert DC power (supplied) output from the connection modules 200 to AC power. The AC power output from the inverter 300 is supplied to the system The voltage is stepped up and connected to the power company or supplied to the load.

The connection unit 200 is provided with a string monitoring device 220 for monitoring and monitoring the voltage and current of the string circuits 210. The string monitoring apparatus 220 includes a measuring instrument 221 and 222 for measuring the voltage and current of each string circuit 210 and a display for displaying the voltage and current measured by the measuring instruments 221 and 222 And a communication module 224 for transmitting the voltage value and the current value measured by the measuring instrument 221 and 222 to the outside. A power line 225, a communication line 226, and a ground line 227 are connected to the communication module 224 of the connection block 200 to supply AC power at all times.

The central control unit (electric room) 400 collects, computes, and records the information transmitted from the connection circuit 200 by measuring the string circuits 210, the information on the operation of the inverter, In this monitoring system, the manager monitors the power generation status of the photovoltaic power generation system in the central management unit 400.

However, the above-mentioned conventional string monitoring apparatus is composed of a device which operates at a relatively low voltage and a small current as compared with the power circuit, and the installation environment of the connection block 200 is poor. In the connection block 200, (400), there are the following problems.

first. The apparatus constituting the string monitoring apparatus is susceptible to various electromagnetic disturbances such as a brain surge, an opening and closing surge, and an electromagnetic wave that come in from the outside through the power line 225, the communication line 226 and the ground line 227, It involves the risk of ignition.

second. The equipment constituting the string monitoring device is accompanied by heat generation during operation and generates not only electromagnetic noise but also electromagnetic, thermal, mechanical and environmental weakness, There is a disadvantage that the installation place is restricted.

third. There is a disadvantage in that the wiring structure is complicated and the AC power is always applied to the wiring even at the night when the solar power generation is stopped, since separate wiring must be provided in order to receive the AC power for the operation of the string monitoring device.

fourth. Since each string circuit 210 is connected to a common terminal of positive and negative poles in the connection board 200, the terminal voltage is the same, so that the voltmeter side of the string circuit 210 is meaningless and the current measurement of the string circuit 210 However, since the current measurement value also varies from time to time, it is difficult to determine the cause of the failure because the reliability is low and only the power generation can be confirmed.

fifth. Due to the large capacity of the solar power generation system, the power of one string circuit 210 is very small in the entire solar power generation system, and the influence of the both sides of the individual string circuit 210 on the total power generation is small. The number of string circuits to be connected to one inverter 300 corresponds to 100 to 300 circuits due to the increase in capacity of the inverter 300, There is a limit to judging the magnitude of the power generation state only by the input and output values.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for monitoring a photovoltaic power generation system with a monitoring reliability of solar cell strings and a simple configuration.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling an inverter, the method comprising: detecting unit output values of connection units supplied to a unit inverter; Calculating input values of the unit inverters by summing the unit output values respectively detected by the connection modules; Dividing the input value of the unit inverter by the total number of solar cell strings connected to the unit inverter to calculate an inverter string average output value which is an average solar cell string output value of the unit inverter; Dividing the unit output value detected in each connection module connected to the unit inverter by the number of solar cell strings incorporated in each connection module to calculate a connection semi-string average output value of each connection module; Displaying the inverter string average output value and each connection semi-string average output value; Comparing each connection semi-string average output value of the connection modules with an inverter string average output value to calculate a deviation value; And generating an alarm for the connection module that is set based on the deviation value of the connection modules when the setting condition is satisfied.

Detecting an input value of the unit inverter from the inverter control system; Dividing the unit inverter input value by the total number of solar cell strings connected to the unit inverter to calculate an inverter string average output value which is an average solar cell string output value of the unit inverter; Dividing the unit output value detected in each connection module connected to the unit inverter by the number of solar cell strings incorporated in each connection module to calculate a connection semi-string average output value of each connection module; Displaying the inverter string average output value and each connection semi-string average output value; Comparing each connection semi-string average output value of the connection modules with an inverter string average output value to calculate a deviation value; And generating an alarm for the connection module that is set based on the deviation value of the connection modules when the setting condition is satisfied.

The alarm generating step may generate an alarm if the deviation value obtained by dividing each deviation value of the connection modules by the inverter string average output value corresponds to a preset reference value and the reference value is maintained for a set time.

Detecting each unit output value of the connection modules supplied to the unit inverter; Dividing the unit output value detected in each connection module connected to the unit inverter by the number of solar cell strings incorporated in each connection module to calculate a connection semi-string average output value of each connection module; Calculating a sample connection half-string average output value by calculating an average value from a string average output value which is a highest value to a connection semi-string average output value which is an arbitrary sequence by arranging the connection half-string average output values in descending order; Displaying the connection semi-string average output values and the sample connection semi-string average output value; Calculating a deviation value by comparing each connection semi-string average output value of the connection modules with a sample connection semi-string average output value; And generating an alarm for the connection module that is set based on the deviation value of the connection modules when the setting condition is satisfied.

The generating of the alarm may generate an alarm if the deviation value obtained by dividing each deviation value of the connection modules by the sample connection half-string average output value corresponds to a reference value that is set and the reference value is maintained for a predetermined time.

The reference value is set as a first, second, and third reference value, and an A alarm is generated when the first reference value is continuously accumulated for 1 to 10 minutes, which is a short time, and the second reference value is continuously maintained for 1 to 10 hours It is preferable that a B alarm is generated when the first reference value is accumulated and a C alarm is generated when the third reference value is continuously accumulated for 1 to 30 days which is a long time.

It is preferable that the first reference value has a deviation ratio value of 20 to 80%, the second reference value has a deviation ratio value of less than 2 to 20%, and the third reference value has a range of less than 0 to 10% Do.

It is preferable that a preliminary alarm is generated when the deviation ratio value is 50 to 80% of each reference value, and the alarm is generated when the deviation ratio value is 100% of each reference value.

It is preferable that the preliminary alarm is generated when the deviation ratio value is repeatedly generated not more than the set cumulative time at the reference value and more than the set number of times during the set cumulative time.

And storing the deviation values of the connection modules.

Preferably, each unit power value of the connection modules is detected at an input terminal of each unit inverter.

Further, in order to accomplish the object of the present invention, there are provided connection modules each including a plurality of string circuits; An inverter connected to wirings connected to the connection modules, respectively, for converting DC power supplied from the connection modules to AC power through the wirings; A detection unit for detecting each DC power of wirings supplied to the inverter; A measurement unit for measuring the DC power of each of the wirings detected by the detection unit; And a display unit for displaying the DC power measured by the measurement unit.

The detection unit includes a base plate provided on an input side of the inverter and including a base plate having a plurality of branch terminals connected to the wirings; A support member spaced apart from the terminal block; Detection elements mounted on the support member corresponding to the number of the branch terminals and detecting currents respectively flowing through the wirings respectively connected to the branch terminals; Preferably, the plurality of branch terminals of the terminal block are extended and extended to one side of the base plate, respectively, and each of the detection elements is formed in a ring shape so that one branch terminal is passed through the one detection element.

The detecting elements may be integrally formed with the branch terminal.

Since the DC power of each of the connection modules input to the input side of the inverter is measured and monitored on a connection half-unit basis, the present invention can accurately monitor the DC power output from each connection module, and when a failure occurs in the connection modules It is possible to identify and check the type of faulty connection panel and fault accurately and quickly, thereby improving the reliability and efficiency of monitoring and promptly responding to faults.

In addition, since the present invention excludes the conventional configuration for monitoring each string circuit of the connection module, the use of the communication module and the communication line for monitoring each string circuit to transmit to the central management section is excluded, thereby minimizing the risk of failure and fire of the connection module do. In addition, since power lines and communication lines for supplying power are always excluded for communication between the central management unit and the connection unit, various electromagnetic disturbance paths such as electromagnetic waves radiated from the outside through these wirings are eliminated, thereby preventing the influence on the inverter and the rider .

Further, since the present invention excludes the conventional configuration for monitoring each string circuit of the connection module, the configuration is simple, thereby reducing the installation cost of the solar power generation system and facilitating the maintenance of the solar power generation system.

In addition, the present invention compares the average value of the string input to the unit inverter with the deviation value of the string average output outputted from each connection module, and performs a preliminary alarm in a stepwise manner. In addition to this, it is possible to prevent false alarms when the output of the connection module drops for a short time, thereby reducing unnecessary inspection and improving the efficiency of management.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an example of a general solar power generation system,
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a connection panel constituting a general solar power generation system,
FIG. 3 is a system diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system having an embodiment of a monitoring apparatus for a solar power generation system according to the present invention,
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a connection unit and a solar cell array unit having an embodiment of a monitoring apparatus for a solar power generation system according to the present invention,
5 is a circuit diagram showing a detection unit constituting an embodiment of the monitoring apparatus of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention,
6 is a front view showing a detection unit constituting an embodiment of the monitoring apparatus of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention;
7 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment of a monitoring method of a solar power generation system according to the present invention,
8 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of the monitoring method of the solar power generation system according to the present invention,
9 is a flowchart showing a third embodiment of a monitoring method of a solar power generation system according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a monitoring method and apparatus for a solar power generation system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system equipped with an embodiment of a monitoring apparatus for a solar power generation system according to the present invention. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a connection unit and a solar cell array unit having an embodiment of a monitoring apparatus for a solar power generation system according to the present invention. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a detection unit constituting an embodiment of the monitoring apparatus of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.

3, 4 and 5, a photovoltaic generation system including an embodiment of a monitoring apparatus for a solar photovoltaic system according to the present invention includes a solar cell array unit 100, a connection panel 200 ' An inverter 800, a detecting unit 500, a measuring unit 700, and a display unit 600. [0033]

The solar cell array unit 100 includes a plurality of solar cell strings 110. The solar cell strings 110 include a plurality of solar cell modules 111 connected in series, and the solar cells 111, which are the minimum units of the solar cells, are connected in series. Each solar cell string 110 connects the same number of solar cell modules 111 in series according to the input voltage of the inverter.

The connection modules 200 'each include string circuits 230 that merge the DC power output from the plurality of solar cell strings 110. The string circuits 230 of the connection block 200 'are connected to a positive side circuit line 231 for connecting the positive terminals of the solar cell modules 111 constituting the solar cell string 110 in parallel, And a minus side circuit line 232 for connecting minus terminals of the transistors 111 in parallel. The string circuit 230 includes a fuse 233 connected in series to the output terminal of the solar cell string 110 and a backflow prevention diode connected in series with the fuse 233 to prevent backflow. Each of the positive side circuit lines 231 of the string circuits 230 of the connection board 200 'is connected by one positive side wiring (cable) 241, and the string circuit 230 of the connection board 200' Side circuit lines 232 are connected to one negative-side wiring (cable) 242. The negative-

In general, the number of the solar cell strings 110 constituting each connection module 200 'of the connection modules 200' is the same. However, the number of the solar cell strings 110 constituting each connection unit 200 'of the connection units 200' may be different from each other in order to match the solar cell array arrangement or the inverter capacity.

The inverter 800 is connected to the connection modules 200 'to convert the DC power (supplied) output from the connection modules 200' into AC power. The alternating-current power output from the inverter 800 is stepped up to the system voltage through the transformer and is connected to the power company or supplied to the load.

The detection unit 500 detects each DC power of the wiring lines 241 supplied to the inverter 800. [ As an example of the detection unit 500, the detection unit 500 includes a terminal block 510, a support member 520, and a detection element 530, as shown in Fig. The terminal block 510 is provided on the input side of the inverter 800. The terminal block 510 includes a base plate 511 fixed to the frame 10 and a plurality of branch terminals 512 each extending and protruding from one side of the base plate 511. The positive side wires 241 of the connection terminals 200 'are connected to the branch terminals 512 of the terminal block 510, respectively. The support member 520 is positioned adjacent to the terminal block 510. Each of the detecting elements 530 is formed in a ring shape, and one branching terminal 512 is positioned so as to pass through the one detecting element 530. The detection elements 530 are preferably mounted on the support member 520, respectively. The detecting elements 530 and the supporting member 520 may be arranged in a plurality of rows. On the other hand, the detecting element may be integrally formed with the branch terminal. The minus terminal block 20 is mounted on the frame 10 and the minus side wiring lines 242 of the connection panel 200 'are connected to the minus terminal block 20.

The measurement unit 700 measures the output (value) of each of the wirings 241 detected by the detection unit 500. That is, in the terminal block 510 provided at the input side of the inverter 800, the DC power output through the respective positive-side wires 241 of the connection bar 200 'is transmitted through the branch terminals 512 of the terminal block 510 Each of the detection elements 530 located adjacent to the branch terminals 512 detects the current (output from the connection half), and the current detected by the detection element 600 is measured by the measurement Unit 700, as shown in FIG.

The display unit 600 displays the output measured by the measurement unit 700. [

It is preferable that the measurement unit 700 and the display unit 600 are installed in a central management unit (electric room).

7 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment of a monitoring method of a solar power generation system according to the present invention.

As shown in Fig. 7, in the first embodiment of the monitoring method of the solar photovoltaic system according to the present invention, the step (S11) of detecting each unit output value of the connection modules supplied to the unit inverter proceeds. The unit output value may be current, or current and voltage. The unit output value of each connecting module is proportional to the number of solar cell strings constituting each connecting module. Each unit output value of the connection modules is preferably detected on the input side of the unit inverter. The unit output value of the connection modules is detected by the detection unit, and the detection unit is as described above.

A step S12 of calculating the input value of the unit inverter by summing up the unit output values detected in each of the connection modules proceeds.

The input value of the unit inverter is divided by the total number of solar cell strings connected to the unit inverter, and the step S13 of calculating the inverter string average output value which is the solar cell string average output value of the unit inverter is performed.

A step S14 of calculating a connection semi-string average output value of each connection module by dividing the unit output value detected in each connection module connected to the unit inverter by the number of solar cell strings incorporated in each connection module after calculating the inverter string average output value .

After the average connection output value of each connection is calculated, a step S15 of displaying the inverter string average output value and each connection semi-string average output value is performed.

Preferably, each unit output value of the connection modules and the connection semi-string average output value are displayed together with the monitor connected to the server. It is further preferable that the input values of the unit inverter and the inverter string average output value are displayed together on a monitor connected to the server.

Then, a step S16 of comparing the average connection output value of each connection module with the inverter string average output value and calculating the deviation value is performed. The step of calculating the deviation value may be concurrent with the displaying step.

It is desirable to store the input value of the unit inverter, the average output value of the inverter string, the unit output values of each connection unit, the average output value of the connection string, and the deviation values to the server.

After the deviation values of the connection modules are calculated, a step S17 is performed in which an alarm is generated when the setting condition is satisfied based on the deviation value.

8 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of a monitoring method of a solar power generation system according to the present invention.

As shown in Fig. 8, in the second embodiment of the monitoring method of the solar power generation system according to the present invention, first, a step S21 of detecting the input value of the unit inverter from the inverter control system proceeds.

The input value of the unit inverter is detected, and then the unit inverter input value is divided by the total number of solar cell strings connected to the unit inverter, and the step S22 of calculating the inverter string average output value which is the solar cell string average output value of the unit inverter is performed.

A step S23 of calculating a connection semi-string average output value of each connection module by dividing the unit output value detected in each connection module connected to the unit inverter by the number of solar cell strings incorporated in each connection module after calculating the inverter string average output value .

The unit output value of each connecting module is proportional to the number of solar cell strings constituting each connecting module. Each unit output value of the connection modules is preferably detected on the input side of the unit inverter.

The connection string semi-string average output value is calculated, and then the inverter string average output value and each connection semi-string average output value are displayed (S24).

Preferably, each unit output value of the connection modules and the connection semi-string average output value are displayed together with the monitor connected to the server. It is further preferable that the input values of the unit inverter and the inverter string average output value are displayed together on a monitor connected to the server.

Then, a step S25 of comparing the average output value of the connection half-strings of each connection module with the average value of the inverter strings and calculating the deviation value is performed. The step of calculating the deviation value may be concurrent with the displaying step.

It is desirable to store the input value of the unit inverter, the average output value of the inverter string, the unit output values of each connection unit, the average output value of the connection string, and the deviation values to the server.

After the deviation values of the connection modules are calculated, a step S26 is performed in which an alarm is generated on the basis of the deviation values.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a third embodiment of the monitoring method of the solar power generation system according to the present invention.

As shown in Fig. 9, in the third embodiment of the monitoring method of the solar power generation system according to the present invention, the step (S31) of detecting each unit output value of the connection modules supplied to the unit inverter proceeds. The unit output value may be current, or current and voltage. The unit output value of each connecting module is proportional to the number of solar cell strings constituting each connecting module. Each unit output value of the connection modules is preferably detected at the input side (input end) of the unit inverter.

A step (S32) of calculating a connection semi-string average output value of each connection module by dividing the unit output value detected in each connection module connected to the unit inverter by the number of solar cell strings incorporated in each connection module after detecting each unit output value of the connection modules It proceeds.

String average output values of the connection modules and then calculating the average value from the string average output value which is the highest value to the average output value of the connection semi-string which is the arbitrary sequence by arranging the values of the connection semi-string average output values in descending order, The step S33 of calculating the connection half-string average output value is performed. Any sequence number can be within 30% of the maximum value of the connection half-string average output value. In other words, if the unit half of the unit inverter is 30%, the average value of the connection connection half-string average output value from the highest value to the third connection half-string average output value becomes the sample connection half-string average output value. In case of 50% and the connection half of the unit inverter is 6, the average value of the connection connection half-string average output value from the highest value to the third connection half-string average output value becomes the sample connection half-string average output value. It is preferable that the arbitrary sequence number is set within 50%.

After the sample connection half-string average output value is calculated, the connection semi-string average output values and the sample connection half-string average output value are displayed (S34).

Then, step S35 is performed in which a deviation value is calculated by comparing each connection half-string average output value of the connection modules with the sample connection half-string average output value. The step of calculating the deviation value may be concurrent with the displaying step.

The unit output values, the connection half-string average output value, the sample connection half-spring average output value, and the deviation values of each connection half are preferably stored in the server.

When the setting condition is satisfied based on the deviation values of the connection modules, a step S36 of generating an alarm for the connection module under the set condition is performed.

In the third embodiment, instead of the inverter string average output value as a reference value for comparison, some of the connection strings having a small deviation of the connection semi-string average output value are selected as a sample and the sample string average output value is set as a reference value. For example, if 10 connection modules are connected to the unit inverter and 9 connection modules are not faulty, the string average output values will be almost the same regardless of the number of solar cell strings to which the nine connection modules are connected. On the other hand, if the output of one connection class is low for some reason, then three of the nine connection classes with few deviation are selected, and the average value of the three is selected as the sample connection half-string average output value. If the string average output value is used as a reference value and the average output value of the connection half-strings of each connection half is compared, Can be found. In this case, even if a failure occurs simultaneously in a plurality of connection modules, the reference value is not lowered, so that the failure connection module can be easily grasped.

The steps of generating the alarms in the first, second, and third embodiments of the monitoring method of the solar power generation system according to the present invention are preferably performed by an alarm circuit.

Table 1 shows an embodiment of the alarm circuit configuration among monitoring methods of the solar power generation system according to the present invention.


Configuration of alarm function division
Contents


Cumulative time and reference value range



Cumulative time setting range Reference value setting range
1 to 10 minutes 20 to 80% 1 to 10 hours
Less than 2 ~ 20% 1 to 30 days
Less than 0 ~ 10%
Alarm step

Preliminary alarm The first reference value (50 to 80% of the setting reference value) This alarm
The second reference value (setting reference value)
Judgment retention function If the combined power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system is less than 10% of the rated capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system, it is excluded from the cumulative time,
Adjustable element
The cumulative time setting and the alarm reference value can be freely adjusted for each connection circuit within the cumulative time and reference value setting range, and the whole connection circuit can be adjusted collectively

Since the power generation output of the photovoltaic power generation system changes instantaneously with the change of the weather such as cloud, rain, snow, etc., it is not reliable to judge the failure by the instantaneous value of the power generation output value or the deviation value. .

Therefore, as shown in Table 1, according to the alarm circuit, it is divided into the cumulative time, and the alarm is different according to the degree of reaching the reference value for each cumulative time.

The alarm circuit can be divided into a short time accumulation circuit, an intermediate accumulation accumulation circuit, and a long accumulation circuit according to accumulation time, and can be adjusted to an arbitrary accumulation time within a set range. If the deviation is greater than the reference value compared with the accumulated value of the average output value of the inverter string, the corresponding connection class is recognized as a fault and alarmed.

In the short-term accumulation circuit, it detects a large failure such as a fire in a connection panel, a disconnection or a short circuit of a power cable, and an accumulation time is preferably in a range of 1 to 10 minutes. It is desirable to set an alarm to be issued when the inverter string average output value of the inverter significantly drops, and to set the reference value in the range of 20 to 80%. In one embodiment, the cumulative time in the short term accumulated circuit is 5 minutes and the reference value can be 50%. That is, an alarm is generated for a connection half which lasts for 5 minutes when the deviation value obtained by dividing each deviation value of the connection modules by the inverter string average output value corresponds to the reference value and the reference value of the connection modules is 50%. At this time, the generated alarm is referred to as A warning. In the third embodiment, the deviation ratio value obtained by dividing each deviation value of the connection modules by the average connection output value of the sample is the reference value.

In the critical accumulation circuit, it detects a string failure such as the breakage of the solar cell string circuit or the fuse blowing. The cumulative time is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 hours, and during the set cumulative period, It is preferable to set an alarm to be generated when there is a deviation of about one solar cell string from the inverter string average output value of the unit inverter, and the reference value should be set in a range of less than 2% to 20%. For example, if 10 solar cell strings (circuit) are merged into the corresponding connection panel, setting of the setting value slightly above 10% can detect the disconnection of the solar cell string circuit or the fuse blowing. In one embodiment, the cumulative time in the cumulative time-critical circuit may be 12 hours for a 5-hour reference value. That is, an alarm is generated for a connection half that has a deviation value obtained by dividing each deviation value of the connection modules by the inverter string average output value as the reference value and the reference value of the connection modules is 12% and lasts for 5 hours. The alarm generated at this time is referred to as the B alarm.

In the long term accumulated circuit, it is desirable to detect the deterioration of functions such as contamination or damage of some modules and adhesion of foreign matter or wiring, and the cumulative time is preferably in the range of 1 to 30 days. During the set cumulative period, It is preferable to set an alarm to be generated when the average output value is less than one string of the inverter string average output value of the unit inverter, and the reference value is preferably set within a range of 0 to less than 10%. In one embodiment, the cumulative time in the long-term accumulated circuit may be 2% for a 10-day reference value. That is, an alarm is generated for a connection class whose deviation value value obtained by dividing each deviation value of the connection modules by the inverter string average output value corresponds to the reference value and the reference value of the connection modules is 2% and lasts for 10 days. The alarm generated at this time is referred to as C warning.

The reference value of the short-term accumulation circuit is referred to as a first reference value, the reference value of the intermediate accumulation circuit is referred to as a second reference value, and the reference value of the long-term accumulation circuit is referred to as a third reference value.

It is preferable that the cumulative time and the reference value can be freely adjusted for each connection half circuit within the cumulative time setting range and the reference value setting range and that all the connection half circuits can be collectively adjusted.

It is desirable to generate the alarm in two stages, a preliminary alarm and a main alarm. In one embodiment, when the alarm reaches 50% to 80% of the reference value, a preliminary alarm is generated and when the alarm reaches 100% of the reference value, the alarm is generated. In addition, even if the cumulative time does not accumulate as a reference value, a preliminary alarm can be generated for a connection half that is repeatedly generated more than the predetermined number of times during the cumulative time.

A first embodiment of a monitoring method of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention will be described in more detail.

First, among the cumulative time, the number of connection units to be input to one unit inverter is five, the five connection units are referred to as first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection units, 10, 10, 15, and 5 solar cell strings merged into the 5 connection modules are 50, the total number of solar cell strings (circuits) connected to the unit inverters is 50. If the sum of the power input to the unit inverter is 300,000W and the voltage is 600V, the input current of the unit inverter is 500A and the solar cell string circuit is 50, so the average current of the solar cell string circuit viewed from the unit inverter input side is 10A, The power is 6,000W. On the other hand, the string voltages connected to the unit inverters are all equal to 600V, and the output current and the output power have the same meaning in proportion to each other.

Since the average current of the solar cell string circuit viewed from the input side of the unit inverter is 10 A and the number of solar cell string circuits merged into the first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection groups is 10, 10, 10, The output current values should be 100, 100, 100, 150, 50A, and the average current divided by the number of solar cell strings incorporated in each connection panel is 10A.

If the output current of the 5th connection module is detected as 40A, the current input to the unit inverter becomes 490A, and the number of the solar cell string circuits remains unchanged. Therefore, 490/50 = 9.8, that is, The average current is 9.8A, the output current of the fifth connecting bar is 40A, and the number of solar cell string circuits to be merged is 5, so 40/5 = 8, that is, the average current of the solar cell strings in the fifth connecting bar becomes 8A. In this case, the difference between the average current of the solar cell string viewed from the unit inverter input side and the average current of the solar cell string of the fifth connecting unit is 1.6 A, which is 9.8-8 = 1.6, and the average solar cell string current Is 1.6 / 9.8 = 0.1632, which has a deviation ratio value of about 16.32%.

On the other hand, the cumulative time of the short-term accumulated circuit of the fifth connection half is set to 5 minutes, the deviation ratio value (reference value) is set to 50%, the cumulative time of the cumulative cumulative time of the critical time is set to 5 hours, And the accumulation time of the long accumulated circuit is 10 days and the deviation ratio value (reference value) is set to 2%, if the deviation ratio value of the fifth connection half continues to be 16.32%, the accumulated value becomes the deviation ratio value Reference value) The set value becomes 10% or more, so the critical accumulation circuit is activated and the alarm of B alarm is generated to the manager.

On the other hand, assuming that the cumulative time setting of the critical connection cumulative circuit of the fifth connection half-alarm circuit is set to 5 hours and the deviation ratio value (reference value) setting is set to 20%, this alarm will not be generated. However, If the set value is set to 80% of the alarm set value, 20% * 0.8 = 16%, that is, the preliminary alarm deviation value (reference value) is equal to 16%, so that the deviation rate value of the fifth connection module continues to be 16.32% The cumulative value becomes equal to or more than 16% of the deviation value (reference value) set value after 5 hours, so that the critical accumulation circuit operates and a preliminary alarm of the B alarm is generated to the manager.

That is, since the short-term accumulation circuit is less than the set value, it does not operate, but after accumulating 5 hours, the accumulation circuit of the critical time is operated and the manager generates the B alarm by operating the accumulation circuit of important time. It is predicted that the fuse is blown in advance, so that it is possible to quickly recover the fault.

The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the input value of the unit inverter is detected from the inverter control system without obtaining the sum of the half-connected outputs connected to the unit inverter, and the remaining mechanism is the same as that of the first embodiment.

The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that the string average output value of the sample is used as the reference value for comparison, and the remaining mechanism is the same as that of the first embodiment.

The preliminary alarm and this alarm can be informed by the color of the symbol or circuit of the display system, the flashing display, It is possible to notify the outside manager by phone or SNS. In this case, it is possible to notify only this alarm without differentiating the sound or notifying the preliminary alarm. In addition, the administrator may be notified of both the preliminary alarm and the alarm, and the upper alarm may be notified only to the alarm.

It is desirable that the alarm circuit be provided with a judgment reservation function to reliably detect a fault and prevent unnecessary malfunction.

If the power generation of the solar power generation system is small, such as morning, evening, or rainy day, the judgment reserve function is a deviation of the small power generation amount or the error of the detecting device or the measuring device. In order to prevent false alarms, when the combined power generation of the solar power generation system is less than 10% of the rated capacity of the solar power generation system, it is excluded from the cumulative time, so that the judgment of the failure is reserved. In addition, if some solar cell arrays can not avoid shading due to the passage of time during the day, they are formed into separate strings and assembled into one connection panel. In order to prevent malfunction, So that it can reserve the judgment of whether or not it is faulty. It is preferable that the judgment reservation function can be set for each connection circuit.

As described above, the monitoring method of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention calculates the inverter string average output value of the unit inverter, calculates and outputs the average connection output value of each connection half string of each of the connection modules, thereby generating a relatively small output value It is possible to grasp the connection board 200 '. Accordingly, the administrator can check and maintain the connection module 200 'having a small output value. In addition, the preliminary alarm is given to the connection unit 200 'having a small output value, and the alarm is followed to allow the administrator to easily know the problem state of the connection unit 200' It is possible to prevent an unnecessary alarm from being issued due to the drop of the output of the inverter. For example, when a cloud passes through some connection units 200 ', the output value of some of the connection units 200' is lowered. However, when the cloud passes, a normal output value is generated. It is determined that a failure has not occurred in some connection units 200 '.

In large-capacity photovoltaic power generation systems, a plurality of unit inverters may be provided, and in general, inverters having the same capacity and rating are selected. However, some inverters may be selected differently from others, It is necessary to judge whether or not each connection module is faulty by comparing the inverter string average output of the inverter with the average output of the connection semi-string of each connection module connected to the unit inverter. On the other hand, if the unit inverters have the same rating, the string average power of the entire solar power generation system may be compared with the string average power added to each connection module to determine whether each connection module is faulty.

Hereinafter, the operation and effect of the monitoring method and apparatus of the solar power generation system according to the present invention will be described.

And generates DC power at the solar cell modules 111 by the light energy of the sun. The DC power generated in the solar cell modules 111 is output in units of solar cell strings connected to the string circuits 230 of the connection modules 200 ' 200 'and output to the wiring of the connection unit 200'. The direct current power output through each positive side wiring 241 of the connection modules 200 'is input to the inverter 800 through the branch terminals 512 of the terminal block 510, which is the input side of the inverter 800.

The detecting elements 530 provided on the branch terminals 512 of the terminal block 510 of the inverter 800 are connected to the branch terminal 512 of the terminal block 510 through the respective wiring lines 241 of the connection panel 200 ' The DC power detected by each of the detecting elements 530, that is, the respective outputs of the connecting terminals, is measured by the measuring unit 700, and each branch of the input terminal block 510 of the inverter 800 is detected And the output values of the connection units 200 'input to the terminals 512 are measured. The unit output value measured by the measurement unit 700 is controlled by the control unit by the monitoring method of the present invention and displayed on the display unit, and an alarm is generated when the set condition is met.

The monitoring method according to the present invention detects an output value of each of the connection modules 200 'input to the inverter and generates a connection output signal for generating a relatively small output value from the other connection modules 200' The administrator can check the connection unit 200 'having a small output value by generating an alarm for the connection unit 200' having a small output value and notifying the administrator of the connection unit 200 '. In addition, the preliminary alarm is given to the connection unit 200 'having a small output value, and the alarm is followed to allow the administrator to easily know the problem state of the connection unit 200' It is possible to prevent the output of the output signal from being deteriorated.

As described above, the present invention measures each DC power of the connection units 200 'input to the input side of the inverter 800 and monitors the DC power of each connection unit 200' in units of the connection units 200 ' It is possible to precisely monitor the DC power and accurately detect the failure of the connection panel 200 'in the event that a failure occurs in the connection panels 200', it is possible to identify and check the failed connection panel 200 ', thereby improving the reliability and efficiency of monitoring, It is possible to quickly cope with the occurrence.

The present invention excludes the conventional configuration for monitoring the string circuits 230 of the connection board 200 ', so that the communication module 224 for monitoring each string circuit 230 and transmitting it to the central management unit 400 The use of the communication line 226 is excluded and the risk of failure and fire of the connection panel 200 'is minimized. In addition, since the power line 225 and the communication line 226 for supplying power at all times for the communication between the central management unit 400 and the connection unit 200 'are excluded, various electromagnetic disturbances such as electromagnetic waves, So that the influence of the inverter 800 on the rider can be prevented.

In addition, since the present invention excludes the conventional configuration for monitoring each string circuit 230 of the connection board 200 ', the configuration is simple, which reduces the installation cost of the solar power generation system and makes maintenance of the solar power generation system convenient .

100; A solar cell array unit 200 '; Connection board
500; Detection unit 600; Display unit
700; A measurement unit 800; inverter

Claims (14)

Detecting each unit output value of the connection modules supplied to the unit inverter;
Calculating input values of the unit inverters by summing the unit output values respectively detected by the connection modules;
Dividing the input value of the unit inverter by the total number of solar cell strings connected to the unit inverter to calculate an inverter string average output value which is an average solar cell string output value of the unit inverter;
Dividing the unit output value detected in each connection module connected to the unit inverter by the number of solar cell strings incorporated in each connection module to calculate a connection semi-string average output value of each connection module;
Comparing each connection semi-string average output value of the connection modules with an inverter string average output value to calculate a deviation value;
When the setting condition is set on the basis of each deviation value of the connection modules, And generating an alarm for the connected half,
The generating of the alarm generates an alarm if the deviation value is a reference value for which a deviation value value obtained by dividing each deviation value of the connection modules by the inverter string average output value is set,
The reference value is set as the first and second reference values. When the first reference value is continuously accumulated for 1 to 10 minutes, which is a short time, the A alarm is generated. If the second reference value is continuously accumulated for 1 to 10 hours B alarm in accordance with the monitoring of the solar power generation system. Detecting an input value of the unit inverter from the inverter control system;
Dividing the unit inverter input value by the total number of solar cell strings connected to the unit inverter to calculate an inverter string average output value which is an average solar cell string output value of the unit inverter;
Dividing the unit output value detected in each connection module connected to the unit inverter by the number of solar cell strings incorporated in each connection module to calculate a connection semi-string average output value of each connection module;
Comparing each connection semi-string average output value of the connection modules with an inverter string average output value to calculate a deviation value;
When the setting condition is set on the basis of each deviation value of the connection modules, And generating an alarm for the connected half,
The generating of the alarm generates an alarm if the deviation value is a reference value for which a deviation value value obtained by dividing each deviation value of the connection modules by the inverter string average output value is set,
The reference value is set as the first and second reference values. When the first reference value is continuously accumulated for 1 to 10 minutes, which is a short time, the A alarm is generated. If the second reference value is continuously accumulated for 1 to 10 hours B alarm in accordance with the monitoring of the solar power generation system. Detecting each unit output value of the connection modules supplied to the unit inverter;
Dividing the unit output value detected in each connection module connected to the unit inverter by the number of solar cell strings incorporated in each connection module to calculate a connection semi-string average output value of each connection module;
Calculating a sample connection half-string average output value by calculating an average value from a string average output value which is a highest value to a connection semi-string average output value which is an arbitrary sequence by arranging the connection half-string average output values in descending order;
Comparing each connection semi-string average output value of the connection modules with a sample connection semi-string average output value to calculate a deviation value;
When the setting condition is set on the basis of each deviation value of the connection modules, And generating an alarm for the connected half,
The alarm generating step generates an alarm when a deviation value obtained by dividing each deviation value of the connection modules by the sample connection half-string average output value corresponds to a reference value that is set and the reference value is maintained for a predetermined time in the state of the reference value,
The reference value is set as the first and second reference values. When the first reference value is continuously accumulated for 1 to 10 minutes, which is a short time, the A alarm is generated. If the second reference value is continuously accumulated for 1 to 10 hours B alarm in accordance with the monitoring of the solar power generation system. delete delete 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reference value further includes a third reference value, and generates a C alarm when the third reference value is continuously accumulated for 1 to 30 days, Wherein the reference value is in a range of 0 to less than 10%. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first reference value has a deviation ratio value in a range of 20 to 80%, and the second reference value has a deviation ratio value in a range of 2 to 20% Of the solar power system. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a preliminary alarm is generated when the deviation ratio value is 50 to 80% of each reference value, and the alarm is generated when the deviation ratio value is 100% Characterized in that the solar power generation system is monitored. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the deviation rate value does not last for the cumulative time set in the reference value and repeatedly occurs more than a predetermined number of times during the set cumulative time, the preliminary alarm is generated Monitoring method of photovoltaic system. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising the step of storing data including a deviation value of the connection modules. 4. The monitoring method of a solar power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each unit power value of the connection modules is detected at an input terminal of each unit inverter. delete delete delete
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KR20180069236A (en) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-25 조선대학교산학협력단 Intergrated monitoring system for trouble shooting of photovotaic power plants
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