KR101584188B1 - Position-based routing method and apparatus using AIS for maritime networking - Google Patents

Abstract

[0001] The present invention relates to routing technology, and more particularly, to a routing technique in which a problem of a load occurring to maintain a transmission path between ships using an AIS (Automatic Identification System) message broadcast periodically in order to prevent collision between ships, The present invention relates to a location-based routing method and apparatus capable of saving communication bandwidth and increasing transmission efficiency.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a position-based routing method and apparatus using a ship automatic identification system in a maritime environment,

[0001] The present invention relates to a routing technique, and more particularly, to an automatic identification system (AIS) message periodically broadcasted in order to prevent a collision between marine vessels at sea, Based routing method and apparatus capable of reducing communication bandwidth and increasing transmission efficiency because it can be excluded as a source.

Generally, wireless communication systems that are frequently used or applicable at sea are ship automatic identification system and satellite communication, and researches to apply WiMAX and WiFi in recent years are attracting attention. A comparison table showing this is shown in Fig.

An automatic ship identification system is a representative technology of Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) that identifies and tracks vessels at sea. A common ship automatic identification system technology uses a very high frequency (VHF) band of 30 to 300 MHz, using the channels 87B (161.975MHz) and 88B (162.025MHz) used in the sea.

VHF communication in the automatic identification system of the ship is classified into Class A communication which is mandatory for ships of 300 GT (Gross Tonnage) or more and Class B communication for small and medium sized ships less than 300 GT and for leisure.

Information required for vessel navigation such as vessel identification, location information, and speed provided by the automatic ship identification system is displayed to the operator through the screen of the radar / electronic chart (ECDIS) system, It can also be monitored and / or controlled by the operator via a land base station.

Therefore, the automatic ship identification system of FIG. 1 is designed for the purpose of periodically broadcasting to prevent collision of the ship, and the transmission speed is about 9.6kbps, which is not suitable for data communication.

In addition, although the satellite communication shown in Fig. 1 is capable of communicating in the entire region of the earth, it is not suitable for transmission of a large amount of data such as multimedia data because the transmission rate is very high.

The WiMAX shown in Fig. 1 is generally known to have a transmission speed of 15 Mbps at a communication range of about 10 km. However, it is difficult to provide relatively expensive base station equipments for WiMAX, or similar service, and the service area is limited due to insufficient number of base stations even using WiBro provided by domestic mobile communication companies.

Also, there is a problem in that there is an antenna suitable for the frequency range of use, including legal considerations on frequency use, and there are relatively many limitations to Wi-Fi service in order to install and service a personal base station.

In addition, the Wi-Fi in FIG. 1 is easy to switch to a plurality of nodes because the switching between the BS and the MS is relatively easy and the price is relatively low depending on how the mode is operated in one WLAN card. In addition, since the transmission output is significantly smaller than other technologies, it is easy to operate long time at sea with the battery alone.

The disadvantage of Wi-Fi, on the other hand, is that the effective communication distance is only a few hundred meters when using an ordinary Omni-directional antenna.

In addition, wireless communication devices, which are frequently used in the sea, are typical examples of AIS (Automatic Identification System) and satellite communication (Inmarsat). However, since they have relatively low transmission capacity and relatively high cost, There is a problem in that it is not suitable for transmitting the same large amount of data.

1. Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2013-0075464 2. Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2013-0106582 3. Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2013-0034524

The present invention has been proposed in order to solve the problems according to the above background art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a wireless communication system and a wireless communication method using the Wi-Fi or WiMAX, which is widely used on the land and widely commercially successful, And more particularly, to a location-based routing method and apparatus that expands a network.

In addition, the disadvantage of Wi-Fi or WiMAX is that the effective communication distance is shorter than that of automatic identification system and satellite communication. In order to compensate for the disadvantages of Wi-Fi or WiMAX at sea, Another object is to provide a location-based routing method and apparatus that increases the transmission distance through a multi-hop connection.

Also, in order to perform multi-hop communication through a plurality of nodes, a routing process for determining a transmission route is indispensable. In consideration of frequent mobility of a ship, a transmission route is determined based on a location- Another object is to provide a routing method and apparatus.

In addition, the present invention provides a location-based routing method and apparatus for eliminating a load problem caused by maintaining an AIS message periodically broadcast to maintain a transmission route between vessels in order to prevent collision between ships, There is a purpose.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a location-based routing method which is widely used on land and widely spreads communication area by using Wi-Fi or WiMAX, which is a commercially successful communication means .

The location-based routing method includes:

A location-based routing method using an automatic ship identification system in a maritime environment composed of a destination node, a plurality of forwarding nodes, and a plurality of final destination nodes,

Identifying node information around the transmission destination node from an AIS (Automatic Identification System) message;

Confirming whether a routing path from the identified node information to a specific final destination node among a plurality of final destination nodes is possible;

If it is determined that the routing path is configurable, transmitting the routing path in the packet;

And confirming whether the packet reaches the specific final destination node according to the transmission.

At this time, the AIS message may be acquired directly from the ship automatic identification system.

In addition, it is possible to acquire information including a latitude coordinate value, a hardness coordinate value, a Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number, and a call sign from a radar or an electronic chart system.

In addition, the routing path may be characterized by being a source node, a forwarding node, and a final destination node.

In addition, the routing path may be characterized by using a source routing protocol.

In addition, the transmission may be performed using WiMAX or Wi-Fi communication.

In addition, the MMSI number of the AIS message may be inserted instead of the source IP address and the destination IP address of Layer 3 of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) hierarchical structure, and the source IP address and the destination IP address may be identified.

Alternatively, the MMSI number may be separately inserted into the data of the application layer, which is the seventh layer, of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) hierarchical structure, and is identified by the source IP address and the destination IP address .

In addition, a multi-hop connection scheme may be used to increase the transmission distance of the Wi-Fi.

If it is determined that the routing path can not be established, the step of re-grasping the node information around the transmission destination node from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) message of the ship automatic identification system.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a location-based routing apparatus using a ship automatic identification system in a maritime environment composed of a destination node, a plurality of forwarding nodes, and a plurality of final destination nodes, A ship automatic identification system for generating an Automatic Identification System (AIS) message for grasping surrounding node information; And checking whether a routing path from the identified node information to a specific final destination node among a plurality of final destination nodes is possible. If it is determined that the routing path can be set, the routing path is included in the packet for transmission, And a communication system for confirming whether the packet has arrived at the specific final destination node according to the location information.

According to the present invention, the communication area is broadly used by using Wi-Fi and / or WiMAX, which is widely used on the land and widely used as a commercially successful communication means, and thus has a high value in various fields of maritime.

Further, as another effect of the present invention, it is possible to omit the load problem caused by maintaining an inter-ship transmission path using an AIS message periodically broadcast in order to prevent collision between vessels at sea, And the efficiency of transmission can be increased.

On the other hand, in the location-based routing, a plurality of nodes participating in the communication should not calculate and maintain the latest transmission path, but rather receive the position information of other nodes or acquire oneself and determine the routing method using the corresponding position information. For this purpose, it is necessary to construct a separate location information service system and it is necessary to periodically register its own location in the location information service system.

However, another advantage of the present invention is that location-based routing can be performed using an AIS message, which does not require such a process and uses the existing inter-ship collision prevention as a main purpose.

Further, as another effect of the present invention, since the AIS message broadcast in the automatic ID system is used for location information update and location information service, the range of the automatic ID system reaches 30 Km. Km is the same effect as receiving location information service for ships within Km.

1 is a comparative table summarizing the frequency, communication distance, transmission rate, characteristics and transmission power of the maritime wireless communication means in general.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a relationship in which an AIS message broadcast in an automatic ship identification system according to an embodiment of the present invention is processed in a radar / electronic beacon system and a Wi-Fi or WiMAX system.
3 is a conceptual diagram of location based routing using an AIS (Automatic Identification System) message in a maritime environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a flowchart illustrating a location-based routing process using an AIS message in a maritime environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an IP (Internet Protocol) version 4 header of a network layer of three layers in an OSI (Open System Interconnection) hierarchical structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It is a hierarchical structure that can be used as a source address and a destination address of an IP packet.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Like reference numerals are used for similar elements in describing each drawing.

The terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as a first component. The term "and / or" includes any combination of a plurality of related listed items or any of a plurality of related listed items.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries are to be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the contextual meaning of the related art and are to be interpreted as either ideal or overly formal in the sense of the present application Should not.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a location-based routing method and apparatus using an automatic ship identification system in a marine environment according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a relationship in which an AIS message broadcast in an automatic ship identification system according to an embodiment of the present invention is processed in a radar / electronic beacon system and a Wi-Fi or WiMAX system. 2, the location based routing apparatus 200 comprises a ship automatic identification system 210, a radar / electronic chart display system 220, and a communication system 230 implementing WiFi / WiMAX . 2 also illustrates the relationship between the ship automatic identification system 210, the display system 220, and the communication system 230.

Generally, the communication system 230 using Wi-Fi / WiMAX communication only receives the latitude and / or longitude coordinate values from the ship automatic identification system 210 directly from the AIS message received from the ship to the display system 220, An AIS message containing information such as a Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number or a call sign may be received.

In addition, the communication system 230 may receive values such as the bearing, distance, and the like of the processed vessel from the display system 220.

3 is a conceptual diagram of location based routing using an AIS (Automatic Identification System) message in a maritime environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a manner of configuring location based routing with information only delivered directly from the ship automatic identification system (210 in FIG. 2) or from the display system (220 in FIG. 2).

A routing path 340 is obtained from the ship automatic identification system 210 that does not have a forwarding node 320 around the source node 310 or routes it to the final destination node 330 via one or more forwarding nodes 320 It is possible to make decisions using distance and direction information from neighboring nodes.

For this purpose, a Source Routing Protocol is used, which includes information for forwarding the routing path of the packet in the order of the transmission source node 310, the forwarding node 320, and the final destination node 330 in the packet.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a location-based routing process using an AIS message in a maritime environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, if there is a packet to be transmitted by the transmission destination node 310 (FIG. 3), the location service is inquired from the AIS message of the automatic ship identification system (210 of FIG. 2) (Steps S410 and S420).

It is confirmed whether the routing path from the identified information to the final destination node (330 in FIG. 3) can be calculated (step S430).

If it is determined that the routing path can be set, the routing path is transmitted in the source routing method including the packet (step S440).

If it is determined that the routing path can not be set, the step S420 of querying the location service is repeated.

During the routing to the final destination node 330, it is confirmed whether the reception is successful in the final destination node 330 (step S450).

As a result of checking, if the reception to the final destination node is successful, the transmission process of the corresponding packet is ended.

Otherwise, if the reception to the final destination node is unsuccessful, it is repeated from step S420.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an IP (Internet Protocol) version 4 header of a network layer of three layers in an OSI (Open System Interconnection) hierarchical structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It is a hierarchical structure that can be used as a source address and a destination address of an IP packet.

Alternatively, it is also possible to maintain the IP address system of the three layers of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) hierarchical structure and insert the MMSI number into the data of the application layer of the seven layers to identify the source IP address and the destination IP address.

In addition, it is a source routing method that includes routing path information for a case of a location-based routing system using Wi-Fi. It obtains the MMSI number of neighboring ships from the AIS message and uses it as the destination address of the destination node by using it as the forwarding address of location based routing using Wi-Fi.

A destination address of an Internet Protocol (IP) packet is 32 bits in total, and a 30-bit MMSI number of an AIS message can be inserted into a destination address 520 of an IP packet. As described above, the present invention includes the use of the MMSI number as an address in place of the source IP address 510 and the destination IP address 520 of the third layer in the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) hierarchical structure. Alternatively, the source routing can be configured by maintaining the 3-tier IP address scheme and inserting the MMSI number separately in the 7-tier application layer data.

Location-based routing is a method in which a plurality of nodes participating in communication transmit packets using location information without maintaining a transmission route with respect to each other. In the communication, the transmission path determines the order of the nodes to which the packet containing the message can be delivered in order to reach the destination node, and this is an essential precedence for the transmission to succeed. These transmission paths generally require that nodes participating in the communication be stored in a table format or maintained in a graph format.

However, in the case of nodes that move like sea vessels, it is necessary to recalculate the path and renew it by propagating around because the position of nodes changes frequently. If it can not handle it properly, there is a problem that the path is disconnected or the packet delivery is delayed.

Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to relatively easily and quickly install a communication infrastructure in a large number of marine testing and construction works performed at sea or sea floor, thereby realizing a high-bandwidth communication network in real time.

That is, it is possible to extend the landline wired network connection to the sea or extend the wireless connection starting from the sea bus to a wireless mesh network, thereby forming a temporary and stable network.

In addition, through the communication network, it is possible to transmit high-capacity multimedia data such as video or audio data to the operators on the land or the buses.

In addition, real - time transmission of large - scale sensor data recorded in marine test and scientific exploration can be performed, enabling real - time monitoring through analysis by operator or experimenter.

200: Location-based routing device
210: Ship Identification System
220: Display system
230: communication system

Claims (8)

A location-based routing method using an automatic ship identification system in a maritime environment composed of a destination node, a plurality of forwarding nodes, and a plurality of final destination nodes,
Identifying node information around the transmission destination node from an AIS (Automatic Identification System) message;
Confirming whether a routing path from the identified node information to a specific final destination node among a plurality of final destination nodes is possible;
If it is determined that the routing path is configurable, transmitting the routing path in the packet;
If it is determined that the routing path can not be established, re-grasping node information around the transmission destination node from an AIS (Automatic Identification System) message of the VFM system; And
And confirming that the packet has arrived to the specific final destination node according to the transmission,
The transmission is performed using WiMAX or Wi-Fi communication, and a multi-hop connection scheme is used to increase the transmission distance of the Wi-Fi or WiMAX. Based routing method.
The method according to claim 1,
The AIS message is acquired directly from the ship automatic identification system or information including a latitude coordinate value, a longitude coordinate value, a Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number, and a call sign is obtained from a radar or an electronic chart system Based routing method using an automatic ship identification system in a marine environment.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the routing path is a source node, a forwarding node, and a final destination node, and the source routing protocol is used.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the MMSI number of the AIS message is inserted in place of the source IP address and the destination IP address of the Layer 3 of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) hierarchical structure and is identified by the source IP address and the destination IP address. A location - based routing method using a system. delete delete delete A location-based routing apparatus using a ship automatic identification system in a maritime environment composed of a destination node, a plurality of forwarding nodes, and a plurality of final destination nodes,
An automatic ship identification system for generating an Automatic Identification System (AIS) message for identifying node information around the transmission destination node; And
It is checked whether the routing path from the identified node information to a specific final destination node among a plurality of final destination nodes can be set. If it is determined that the routing path can be set, the routing path is included in the packet and transmitted, If the routing path can not be established, node information around the transmission destination node is re-grasped from an AIS (Automatic Identification System) message of the ship automatic identification system, and it is checked whether the packet reaches the specific final destination node The communication system comprising:
The transmission is performed using WiMAX or Wi-Fi communication, and a multi-hop connection scheme is used to increase the transmission distance of the Wi-Fi or WiMAX. Based routing device.

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