KR101578339B1 - Hybrid energy storage apparatus - Google Patents

Hybrid energy storage apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101578339B1
KR101578339B1 KR1020140136663A KR20140136663A KR101578339B1 KR 101578339 B1 KR101578339 B1 KR 101578339B1 KR 1020140136663 A KR1020140136663 A KR 1020140136663A KR 20140136663 A KR20140136663 A KR 20140136663A KR 101578339 B1 KR101578339 B1 KR 101578339B1
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
battery
charge
selection unit
reactor
discharge selection
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KR1020140136663A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
김수열
윤용범
양승권
장병훈
문승필
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한국전력공사
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hybrid energy storage device. A hybrid energy storage device of the present invention includes: a battery connected to a DC link of a DC / AC converter to store energy; A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging; A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the battery, the charge / discharge selection unit, and the reactor.

Description

[0001] HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE APPARATUS [0002]

[0001] The present invention relates to a hybrid energy storage device, and more particularly, to a hybrid energy storage device capable of selectively switching a supercapacitor having a high charge / discharge characteristic and a high energy density battery based on a voltage of a supercapacitor and a battery, The present invention relates to a hybrid energy storage device that can maintain the life and operation of a battery stably.

Generally, an energy storage system (ESS) is a device that charges electric energy and discharges it when necessary. It is a power management system that controls electric energy, a power conversion system between DC battery and AC power system, (Power Conditioning System), and a battery that stores energy.

These energy storage devices are intended to utilize or adjust the frequency of the power system to stabilize the output characteristics of wind and solar light having a discrete output characteristic by smoothing the power peak through charging and discharging.

However, since the lifetime of the battery depends on the number of charge and discharge of the energy, the application of the battery in a place where frequent charging and discharging is necessary may become a hindrance to the life and operation of the ESS equipment in the future.

Therefore, it is necessary to construct a hybrid energy storage device that combines a supercapacitor having a high charge / discharge characteristic and a high energy density battery in consideration of charge / discharge cycles.

1 to 3 are diagrams illustrating an example of a conventional hybrid energy storage device.

1 is a hybrid energy storage device constructed by connecting a supercapacitor Cs and a battery B using a DC-DC converter 10, and a supercapacitor (not shown) connected to a DC link via a DC / DC converter 10 Cs) or the battery B to the DC link.

However, when the battery B is directly connected to the DC bus as shown in (A), the frequent charging and discharging stress of the ESS is directly applied to the battery B, and the supercapacitor Cs is connected to the DC bus The supercapacitor Cs acts as a low-pass filter. However, since the voltage fluctuation width of the DC link is large according to the capacitance of the supercapacitor Cs, the DC / DC converter 10 can control the voltage of the DC link There is a problem that the output characteristic of the supercapacitor Cs is lowered.

2 is a hybrid energy storage device that supplies a high output characteristic of the supercapacitor Cs and a high density energy of the battery B to the DC link via the DC / DC converter 10, When the high power is required, the control is performed through the supercapacitor Cs. However, since the two DC / DC converters 10 are required, there is an uneconomical problem.

3 is a DC link-coupled hybrid energy storage device of a super capacitor Cs and a battery B connected to a DC / DC converter 10, in which a supercapacitor Cs is directly connected to a DC link to energize a DC link The energy of the battery B is discharged to the DC link via the diode or the DC / DC converter 10, and is charged through the DC / DC converter 10 at the time of charging.

This shows an output characteristic similar to that of FIG. 1 (B), but the power of the battery B can be supplied to the DC link without passing through the DC / DC converter 10, Energy and output characteristics, but requires two diode elements connected in anti-parallel to the switching element.

Background Art [0002] The background art of the present invention is disclosed in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2011-0133118 (Dec. 12, 2011, entitled "Hybrid uninterruptible power supply apparatus using fuel cell and method of operation thereof").

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to overcome the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a super capacitor having a high charge / discharge characteristic and a battery having a high energy density, The battery life and operation of the battery can be stably maintained.

A hybrid energy storage device according to one aspect of the present invention includes: a battery connected to a DC link of a DC / AC converter to store energy; A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging; A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And a battery, a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the charge / discharge selection unit and the reactor, wherein the charge / discharge selection unit includes: a first switching device for switching a current charged in the battery; A second switching element for switching the current to be discharged from the battery; And a controller for measuring the voltage difference between the battery and the supercapacitor and controlling the first switching element and the second switching element to charge or discharge the battery when the measured voltage difference is out of a predetermined bandwidth .

delete

In the present invention, the first switching device and the second switching device are any one of a thyristor, a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), an integrated gate controlled thyristor (IGCT), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) do.

In the present invention, a battery is connected to a DC link of a DC / AC converter to store energy; A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging; A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And a battery, a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the charge / discharge selection unit and the reactor, wherein the charge / discharge selection unit includes: a first switching unit in which a plurality of diodes are arranged in a forward direction between the battery and the reactor; And a second switching unit in which a plurality of diodes are arranged in a reverse direction between the battery and the reactor.

In the present invention, a battery is connected to a DC link of a DC / AC converter to store energy; A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging; A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the battery, the charge / discharge selection unit and the reactor, wherein the charge / discharge selection unit includes a first Zener diode and a second Zener diode connected in series between the battery and the reactor in the forward direction and the reverse direction .

In the present invention, a battery is connected to a DC link of a DC / AC converter to store energy; A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging; A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the battery, the charge / discharge selection unit and the reactor, wherein the charge / discharge selection unit is characterized in that a reverse zener diode is mediated between the battery and the reactor.

In the present invention, a battery is connected to a DC link of a DC / AC converter to store energy; A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging; A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And a battery, a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the charge / discharge selection unit and the reactor, wherein the charge / discharge selection unit is characterized in that a zener diode is mediated in a forward direction between the battery and the reactor.

The hybrid energy storage device according to the present invention is configured to selectively operate a supercapacitor having a high charge / discharge characteristic and a high energy density battery based on a voltage of a supercapacitor and a battery in consideration of a charge / discharge cycle, So that the operation can be stably maintained.

Further, according to the present invention, a hybrid energy storage device can be constructed with a simple circuit, thereby reducing the cost.

1 to 3 are diagrams illustrating an example of a conventional hybrid energy storage device.
4 is a block diagram of a hybrid energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a charge / discharge selection unit of a hybrid energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention is formed of diodes.
6 is a view illustrating an example in which a charge / discharge selection unit of a hybrid energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention is formed of a zener diode.
FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram illustrating a hybrid energy storage device of a large capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a hybrid energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this process, the thicknesses of the lines and the sizes of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience of explanation.

In addition, the terms described below are defined in consideration of the functions of the present invention, which may vary depending on the intention or custom of the user, the operator. Therefore, definitions of these terms should be made based on the contents throughout this specification.

4 is a block diagram of a hybrid energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4, the hybrid energy storage device includes a battery B, a charge / discharge selection unit 40, a reactor 50, and a supercapacitor Cs.

The battery B is connected to the DC link of the DC / AC converter 20, which converts the AC voltage and the DC voltage, and stores energy.

The charge / discharge selection unit 40 is connected in series to the battery B to form a current path in both directions when charging and discharging.

The charge / discharge selection unit 40 includes a first switching device 41 for switching the battery B to be charged with current, a second switching device 42 for switching the current to be discharged from the battery B, The first and second switching devices 41 and 42 are operated to measure the voltage difference between the battery B and the supercapacitor Cs and to measure the voltage difference between the battery B and the supercapacitor Cs And a controller 45 for controlling charging or discharging of the battery.

The first switching device 41 and the second switching device 42 may be any one of a thyristor, a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), an integrated gate controlled thyristor (IGCT), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) Can be configured.

The reactor 50 is connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit 40 to limit the inrush current due to the voltage difference between the battery B and the supercapacitor Cs.

The supercapacitor Cs is connected in parallel to the charge / discharge selection unit 40 and the reactor 50 to store the energy rectified by the DC voltage.

Accordingly, the hybrid energy storage device according to the embodiment of the present invention receives electric energy from the AC system 30 side. When charging, the AC voltage of the AC system 30 is supplied to the DC The AC voltage is rectified to the DC voltage of the bus and stored in the battery B and the supercapacitor Cs and the electric energy charged to the battery B and the supercapacitor Cs by the DC voltage is supplied to the DC / And supplies the AC voltage to the AC system 30.

More specifically, when the AC voltage input from the AC system 30 is converted into a DC voltage through the DC / AC converter 20 and supplied, the supercapacitor Cs is charged with the voltage of the supercapacitor Cs . If the voltage of the supercapacitor Cs becomes high based on the voltage difference between the battery B and the supercapacitor Cs, the controller 45 of the charge / The first switching device 41 is operated to charge the battery B with the power energy of the DC link terminal to which the supercapacitor Cs is connected.

When the energy stored in the supercapacitor Cs is discharged and supplied to the AC power source, if the voltage of the supercapacitor Cs falls and becomes lower than the voltage of the battery B, The controller 45 operates the second switching element 42 to maintain the voltage of the supercapacitor Cs.

If the hybrid energy storage device according to the present embodiment is applied to the system frequency control or the regeneration control of the renewable output, frequent energy charging / discharging occurs between the AC system 30 and the DC link. When the frequent energy charge / discharge occurs, the charge / discharge selection unit 40 separates the battery B and the DC link, thereby reducing the stress of the battery B.

When the voltage difference between the battery B and the supercapacitor Cs rises or falls beyond a predetermined bandwidth due to energy charging or discharging of the supercapacitor Cs, the charge / discharge selection unit 40 selects the first switching element 41 and the second switching device 42 to charge or discharge the battery B, respectively.

Therefore, the supercapacitor Cs can perform the role of the low-pass filter of the DC link stage and the role of the energy storage device of low density / high output in parallel within a predetermined bandwidth.

At this time, the controller 45 measures the voltages of the battery B and the supercapacitor Cs, and determines whether the voltage difference between the supercapacitor Cs and the battery B (Vtg_supercolator-Vtg_battery) The first switching device 41 is operated to charge the battery B and the second switching switch 42 is operated to discharge the battery B if the voltage is lower than the lower limit value.

The charge / discharge selection unit 40 may be configured to select a charge / discharge by serially connecting a diode and a zener diode when the predetermined bandwidth is small.

5 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a charge / discharge selection unit of a hybrid energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention is formed of diodes.

As shown in FIG. 5, the upper and lower limits of the band width can be set by connecting the diodes in parallel in the forward direction and the reverse direction in the charge / discharge selection unit 40.

That is, a first switching unit 51 in which a plurality of diodes are arranged in a forward direction between the battery B and the reactor 50, a first switching unit 51 in which a plurality of diodes are arranged in the reverse direction between the battery B and the reactor 50 2 switching unit 52 can be configured in parallel.

Therefore, the sum of the turn-on voltage drop of the diode is the upper and lower limits of the band width.

6 is a view illustrating an example in which a charge / discharge selection unit of a hybrid energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention is formed of a zener diode.

As shown in FIG. 6, the charging / discharging selection unit 40 may be constituted by a Zener diode to set an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the band width through the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode.

6A shows a state where the charge / discharge selection unit 40 is connected between the battery B and the reactor 50 by connecting a first zener diode ZD1 and a second zener diode ZD2 connected in series in a forward direction and a reverse direction (B) shows an example in which the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the bandwidth are set by mediating between the battery B and the reactor 50 and the charge / discharge selection unit 40 is connected between the battery B and the reactor 50 via a third zener diode ZD3 (C) shows an example in which the lower limit value of the band width is set by constituting the battery B and the reactor 50 in the forward direction by way of the fourth Zener diode ZD4 between the battery B and the reactor 50 This is an example in which the upper limit value of the band width is set.

7 is a view illustrating a hybrid energy storage device having a large capacity. As shown in FIG. 7, the unit hybrid energy storage device 100 according to the present embodiment is connected in series with a unit capacity of a large- And can be connected and configured.

As described above, according to the hybrid energy storage device according to the embodiment of the present invention, a supercapacitor having a high charge / discharge characteristic and a battery having a high energy density are controlled based on the voltage of the supercapacitor and the battery And selectively operates and operates the battery so that the battery life and operation can be stably maintained.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. I will understand.

Accordingly, the technical scope of the present invention should be defined by the following claims.

10: DC / DC converter 20: DC / AC converter
30: AC system 40: charge / discharge selection unit
41: first switching element 42: second switching element
45: Controller 50: Reactor
51: first switching unit 52: second switching unit
100: Unit hybrid energy storage device
B: Battery Cs: Supercapacitor
ZD1, ZD2, ZD3, ZD4: The first to fourth Zener diodes

Claims (7)

delete A battery connected to the DC link of the DC / AC converter to store energy;
A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging;
A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And
And a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the charge / discharge selection unit and the reactor,
The charge /
A first switching device for switching the battery to be charged with current;
A second switching device for switching the current to be discharged from the battery; And
A controller which measures a voltage difference between the battery and the supercapacitor and controls the first switching element and the second switching element to charge or discharge the battery when the measured voltage difference is out of a predetermined bandwidth; And a second energy storage device coupled to the second energy storage device.
3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the first switching device and the second switching device are either a thyristor, a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), an integrated gate controlled thyristor (IGCT), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) And the energy storage device.
A battery connected to the DC link of the DC / AC converter to store energy;
A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging;
A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And
And a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the charge / discharge selection unit and the reactor,
The charge /
A first switching unit in which a plurality of diodes are arranged in a forward direction between the battery and the reactor; And
And a second switching unit in which a plurality of diodes are arranged in a reverse direction between the battery and the reactor.
A battery connected to the DC link of the DC / AC converter to store energy;
A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging;
A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And
And a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the charge / discharge selection unit and the reactor,
Wherein the charge / discharge selection unit is mediated by a first Zener diode and a second Zener diode connected in series between the battery and the reactor in a forward direction and a reverse direction.
A battery connected to the DC link of the DC / AC converter to store energy;
A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging;
A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And
And a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the charge / discharge selection unit and the reactor,
Wherein the charge / discharge selection unit is mediated by a zener diode in a reverse direction between the battery and the reactor.
A battery connected to the DC link of the DC / AC converter to store energy;
A charge / discharge selection unit connected in series to the battery to form a current path in both directions when charging / discharging;
A reactor connected in series to the charge / discharge selection unit; And
And a supercapacitor connected in parallel to the charge / discharge selection unit and the reactor,
Wherein the charge / discharge selection unit is mediated by a Zener diode in a forward direction between the battery and the reactor.
KR1020140136663A 2014-10-10 2014-10-10 Hybrid energy storage apparatus KR101578339B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107017616A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-08-04 太原理工大学 A kind of voltage stabilizing control method for coordinating of direct-current grid mixed type relaxation terminal
CN111030149A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-17 华中科技大学 Micro-grid power supply method based on composite energy storage device and electronic equipment

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107017616A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-08-04 太原理工大学 A kind of voltage stabilizing control method for coordinating of direct-current grid mixed type relaxation terminal
CN111030149A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-17 华中科技大学 Micro-grid power supply method based on composite energy storage device and electronic equipment

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