KR101475695B1 - Graphite and sodium silicate heating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is disclosed in a process for constituting a middle-temperature to high-temperature heating apparatus having fire resistance. In this process, (a) mixing inorganic graphite with inorganic sodium silicate and aluminum sulfate to prepare a graphite-sodium silicate (GS) mixture / coating; (b) using the G-S mixture as a heating element by torching the base layer material; (c) arranging a metal plate on two or more layers of the glass fiber coated with a G-S mixture to form an electrode; And (d) two electrodes provided with electric wires are arranged at the opposite ends of the heating elements to constitute a heating device. In this heating apparatus, graphite serves as a heat generating agent, and sodium silicate functions as a refractory agent.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a graphite and sodium silicate heating apparatus,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the field of manufacturing a middle- to high-temperature surface heating apparatus (120 to 250 캜) having fire resistance, and more particularly to a heating apparatus using graphite, sodium silicate and aluminum sulfate as a core component.

Since carbon / graphite has conductivity and anti-static and can distribute current evenly throughout the heating elements, is environmentally safe, inexpensive, and relatively easy to handle, heating of various heating devices (Ellis, U.S. Patent No. 3,999,040, Dec. 21, 1976; Klaus and Quick, U. S. Patent No. 4,534,886, Aug. 13, 1985; Goldsmith & U.S. Patent No. 4,586,999, May 6, 1986; Takeda, U.S. Patent No. 4,783,586, November 8, 1988; Barker et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,851,504, December 1998, Calder et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,511,767, Jan. 28, 2003; Baca et al., U.S. Patent No. 7,933,114, 2011; U.S. Patent No. 6,452,138, September 17, April 26, and Harutyunyan et al., U.S. Patent No. 8,124,043, February 28, 2012 Reference). When applied to a nonwoven fabric, a glass fiber panel, a plastic panel or plywood mixed with a carbonaceous water-soluble polyacrylate, polyurethane or polyethylene emulsion, it becomes a warming pad of 20 to 50 캜 to keep the human body and pet warm , Lee et al., U.S. Patent Application No. 61 / 743,556, September 7, 2012).

If the heating device is to be used in a building or industrial application such as a heating panel, a heating plate, an indoor radiator, a wall-mounted radiator, or an industrial dryer, the surface heating capability should be increased. (A) applying a high voltage to the heating element; (b) increasing the carbon content in the heating element; (c) coating carbon on the non-metallic base metal layer; (d) narrowing the distance between the positive and negative electrodes on the heating element, and (e) adopting a combination of all of the above options. The problem with these options is that if the temperature rises above 140 ° C, organic materials such as organic carbon, nonwovens and plywood can oxidize, burn or smell and be environmentally harmful.

Patent Document 1: U.S. Patent No. 3,999,040 Patent Document 2: U.S. Patent No. 4,534,886 Patent Document 3: U.S. Patent No. 4,586,999 Patent Document 4: U.S. Patent No. 4,783,586 Patent Document 5: U.S. Patent No. 5,851,504 Patent Document 6: U.S. Patent No. 6,452,138 Patent Document 7: U.S. Patent No. 6,511,767 Patent Document 8: U.S. Patent No. 7,933,114 Patent Document 9: U.S. Patent No. 8,124,043 Patent Document 10: U.S. Patent Application No. 61 / 743,556 Patent Document 11: U.S. Patent No. 4,015,386 Patent Document 12: U.S. Patent No. 4,16,242 Patent Document 13: U.S. Patent No. 7,279,437 Patent Document 14: U.S. Patent No. 7,655,580 Patent Document 15: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0192539 Patent Document 16: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0148831 Patent Document 17: U.S. Patent No. 5,232,629 Patent Document 18: U.S. Patent No. 5,756,160 Patent Document 19: U.S. Patent No. 5,112,405 Patent Document 20: U.S. Patent No. 6,241,909 Patent Document 21: European Patent Publication No. EP 2038221

In order to overcome this problem, the present invention introduces flame retardant compounds such as sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium colloidal silica, sodium sulfate, and other flame retardants. Among them, sodium silicate and aluminum sulfate are particularly preferable. Sodium silicate (Na ₂ SiO ₃₎ is usually sodium silicate or liquid as known and a number of desirable properties that may be advantageous to manufacture the building material of glass (e.g., flame retardancy, high-temperature adhesive, adhesive / sealing properties, low-conductivity, corrosion resistance Etc.). In addition, sodium silicate is not expensive. Because of these unique properties, sodium silicate can be used in refractory and / or insulating materials (e.g., Cook, U.S. Patent No. 4,015,386, Apr. 5, 1977; McLaren, U.S. Patent No. 4,16,242, Majors, U.S. Patent No. 7,655,580, Feb. 2, 2010; Click, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0192539, U.S. Patent No. 7,279,437, Oct. 9, 2007; August 11, 2011; Kipp et al., U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0148831, June 2012); (See, for example, Boffardi, U.S. Patent No. 5,232,629, Aug. 3, 1993, and Pratt, U.S. Patent No. 5,756,160, May 26, 1998), waterproof concrete and masonry (See, for example, Sanchez, U.S. Patent No. 5,112,405, May 12, 1998), and the like. Aluminum sulfate (Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ ) is also inexpensive, and is a conductive, flame retardant and waterproof material. This material is therefore often used as a heat absorbing material in temperature control devices (see, for example, Hayes, U.S. Patent No. 6,241,909, June 5, 2001; and Erick et al., European Patent Publication No. EP 2038221, 5th of May).

Sodium silicate is widely used as a flame retardant / insulating material, but it is not known to use it in a carbon-based heating apparatus. Although these two materials are used together, their use is largely dependent on carbon steel corrosion control (Boffardi, U.S. Patent No. 5,23,629, Aug. 3, 1993), surface carbon composite protection (Pratt , U.S. Patent No. 5,756,160, May 26, 1998), or tire tread rubber reinforcement (Agostini et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,667,353, December 23, 2003). One of the reasons is that sodium silicate easily dissolves in water and the final product containing it can easily become water-damaged. To address this problem, sodium silicate is mixed with aluminum sulfate or aluminum hydroxide in the present invention. Aluminum sulfate has not only an endothermic property but also a solidification property. Therefore, aluminum sulfate is frequently used as a waterproofing agent in the construction industry.

The present invention aims to utilize the synergy effect of graphite and sodium silicate in constituting a heating device. As will be described later, a problem in constructing the high-temperature carbon-based heating apparatus is that the heating apparatus is oxidized, burned or smelled as the temperature rises, which can be environmentally harmful. In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, a flame-retardant coating agent is prepared by mixing graphite with sodium silicate, and the coating agent is applied to an organic base layer material made of a nonwoven fabric, paper or plywood to constitute a medium temperature surface heating plate Is coated or laminated to the surface of an inorganic base layer material made of cement, ceramic, glass fiber, gypsum or metal to form a surface and a high temperature heating plate (120 to 250 ° C). Such a flame-retardant heating device can be used as an excellent building material because it is not burned or decomposed at 250 ° C.

Sodium silicate generally adheres well to most surface materials. However, in order to improve the adhesiveness, the inorganic graphite carbon, not the organic carbon source, is mixed with the inorganic sodium silicate in the present invention. Since the chemical properties of inorganic graphite and sodium inorganic silicate can be harmonized with one another, they can naturally bond well. In addition, since sodium silicate is a high temperature adhesive, a coding body composed of graphite and sodium silicate can be adhered well to any surface material including plywood, glass fiber, gypsum board, cement and other road pavement materials. Such graphite-sodium silicate blend / coatings are an excellent source of materials for constituting flame retardant heating devices.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the surface temperature of the heating device can be controlled by changing the composition of the coating agent (graphite-sodium silicate mixture), (c) varying the thickness of the coating, (d) (E) adjusting the distance between the positive (+) and negative (-) wires disposed on the electrode, and / or (f) Panel, plywood, gypsum board and metal panel). Table 1 below shows the different heating arrangements at different temperatures (warm, moderate and high temperature).

Configuration of heating device Surface temperature 20-50 ℃ 50-120 DEG C 120-240 DEG C Voltage 120V 120 / 240V 240V Carbon type abandonment weapon weapon compound Polyacryl emulsion Sodium silicate /
Aluminum sulfate Sodium silicate /
Aluminum sulfate Base layer material abandonment Organic / Weapons weapon Coating thickness 0.5-0.8mm 0.5-1.00 mm 1.0-1.3 mm Heating element length Kim Kim / short short + Electrode-to-electrode distance Kim Kim / Salvation short

As shown in Table 1, when a heat-retaining heater (20-50 ° C) is required, the manufacturer uses (a) 120 volts current, (b) uses inorganic carbon powder in the coating, and (c) (F) increasing the size of the heating element and / or (f) mixing with an aqueous polyacrylic emulsion, (d) using an organic base layer such as a nonwoven or plywood, (e) thinning the coating on the heating element, ) The distance between the anode wire / electrode and the cathode wire / electrode can be made longer. On the other hand, if a high temperature heating device (120-250 ° C) is required, the manufacturer will use (a) 240 volts current, (b) use inorganic graphite carbon in the coating, (c) cement, (E) mixing the graphite with sodium silicate, (e) making the coating on the heating element thicker, (f) reducing the length of the heating element, and / or (g) ) The distance between the anode wire / electrode and the cathode wire / electrode can be shortened. The medium temperature heating system (50-120 ° C) requires an intermediate range option. Heating (20-50 ℃) The heating system is basically used to warm the human body and animals. Temperatures between the middle temperature (50-120 ° C) and the high temperature (120-240 ° C) can be used to construct heating panels / plates, wall-mounted heaters, indoor heaters, industrial dryers and the like.

A major advantage of such a heating device is that the heating cost can be greatly reduced. Conventionally, the central body is heated by centralized electric heating, gas combustion or oil burning system. Unlike the centralized heating system, the graphite-sodium silicate heating system can heat a room in a house that is locally installed and requires heating. For example, a heating wall and / or floor mat may be permanently installed in a frequently used room, and an indoor and / or wall heater may be installed in a less frequently used room. Alternatively, the indoor radiator can be used in a conventional centralized heating system by installing the indoor radiator in a room requiring additional heating. By installing such a graphite-sodium silicate-based heating system, heating costs can be greatly reduced. In addition, there is a significant advantage that the graphite-sodium silicate blend / curing agent can be naturally antistatic since it is electrically conductive. Thus, a graphite-sodium silicate heating system can be installed to heat buildings that require anti-static building materials. This heating device can also be applied to consumer electronics, chemical facilities, pharmaceutical facilities, and military facilities handling ammunition.

You may have questions about the safety of graphite, sodium silicate, and aluminum sulphate. These materials have long been in the natural environment without serious health hazards. However, if ingested by graphite, sodium silicate and / or aluminum sulphate powder, the airways may be irritated and / or damaged in the lungs and digestive system. Moreover, sodium silicate has a strong alkalinity inherently harmful to the human body. Alkaline is needed to neutralize the acidity of the human body, but too much can harm health. In addition, irritation may occur when sodium silicate solution is applied to skin or eyes. Therefore, persons handling these compounds should wear protective equipment such as gloves, goggles and laboratory gowns. Plants handling these chemicals should be well ventilated to remove the debris. Once these chemicals are mixed and the mixture is coated on the base layer and the surface is dried, health hazards can be greatly reduced. This means that the final product is fire resistant, environmentally safe and not harmful to health.

It is an object of the present invention to constitute a heating apparatus at an intermediate temperature (50-120 占 폚) to a high temperature (120-240 占 폚). Such heating devices include home and building sectors, snow and ice on roads and runways; And can be used as heating panels, heating boards, indoor heaters and wall-mounted heaters in industrial dryers or dehydrators. Therefore, the heating apparatus requires fire resistance, waterproofness, ease of manufacture, environmental safety and economic efficiency.

For economic efficiency, the present invention uses readily available and inexpensive substrates. Such substrates include: chemicals such as conductive carbon, graphite, sodium silicate, sodium sulphate, colloidal silicate, aluminum sulphate, aluminum hydroxide, copper sulphate, magnesium sulphate and various other oxides; Nonwoven fabrics, plywood, glass fibers, cement boards, ceramics, gypsum boards, plastic panels and many other inexpensive metal plates. The present invention employs a relatively simple manufacturing technique of mixing the required compounds and coating the mixed coating on a nonwoven, plywood, plastic, gypsum, glass fiber, cement or metal board. Moreover, because the manufacturing process is relatively simple, the material can be passively produced in small quantities, or the process can be automated for mass production.

Unlike thermal insulation pads, which are used to warm the human body, the middle- to high-temperature heating devices require fire resistance. Since the heat-insulating heating pad is made of organic materials such as organic carbon, organic base layer and organic acrylic emulsion, it is oxidized, burned, and easily caught at a high temperature of about 140 캜. To produce a high temperature heating device with fire resistance, the present invention utilizes sodium silicate with fire resistance. In addition, aluminum sulfate is used to provide water resistance.

A feature of the present invention is the mixing of graphite with sodium silicate or other hydroxide compounds. The present invention uses graphite as a main endothermic agent, sodium silicate as a main refractory agent, and aluminum sulfate as a waterproofing agent. When the inorganic graphite is mixed with the inorganic sodium silicate, these two compounds are well bonded together, so that the final heating element becomes fire resistant. Graphite also mixes well with aluminum sulfate to provide water resistance.

The advantages of the graphite-sodium silicate (GS) based heating system are (a) functionally effective and economically efficient, (b) can be placed in the right place in the home to save heating costs, (c) (D) it is environmentally safe and not harmful to health.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view showing a process or step for producing a graphite-sodium silicate (GS) heating device. FIG.
Figure 2a is a graphic representation of a heating element on a base layer material.
2B is a side view of the heating element.
Figure 3a is a graphical representation of an electrode.
3B is a side view of the electrode.
4A is a graphical illustration of a heating panel including a heating element, two electrodes and two (+ and -) wires.
4B is a side view of the heating panel.
5A is a graphical representation of a heating plate showing the long distance between the anode wire and the cathode wire.
5b is a graphical representation of a heating plate showing a short distance between the anode wire and the cathode wire.
6 is a view showing a case where a heating plate is installed on a wall;
7 is a graphical representation of an indoor / wall heater;

In the embodiment of the present invention, the heating device (heating panel, heating plate, indoor heater, wall heater, etc.) includes the following steps shown in Fig. 1: (a) mixing the graphite- (B) preparing the heating element 30, (c) constructing the electrode 40, and (d) forming the heating pad / laminate 70/80, . In step (a), a graphite-sodium silicate (G-S) mixture / coating 10 to be coated on the base layer 20 is prepared. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the G-S mixture / coating 10 comprises graphite, sodium silicate, aluminum sulphate, water, alcohol and a surfactant. Graphite is used as a main exothermic agent. Sodium silicate and aluminum sulphate are used as a refractor. Aluminum sulfate is used as a waterproofing agent. Alcohol prevents microbial growth in solution. Surfactant decreases graphite surface tension in milling / mixing process. . In this embodiment, the composition of the G-S mixture 10 is as follows.

Graphite: 35-40%

Sodium silicate: 20-25%

Aluminum sulfate: 5-10%

Alcohol: 2-3%

Surfactants: 1-2%

Water: 37-45%

The ratio of graphite, sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, alcohol and surfactant in the G-S mixture / coating 10 can be adjusted to increase or decrease the endothermic properties of graphite, the fire resistance of sodium silicate and / or the waterproofness of aluminum. Also, after the G-S mixture is coated, dried and cured on the base laminate 20, the proportion of the compounds in the GS mixture / coating 10 will change and become the major component of the heating element 30. [ Since alcohol and water are mostly evaporated, the remainder will be graphite (60-70%), sodium silicate (30-35%), aluminum sulfate (9-10%) and other ingredients (1-2% .

Other inorganic carbon-containing materials that can replace conductive graphite (such as carbon black, carbon sulfide, graphite carbon nitride, etc.) are also available. In addition, there are other refractories that can replace sodium silicate (e.g., aluminum hydroxide, aluminum fluoride, copper sulfate, lithium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and zinc chloride may be used as refractory materials). Some of these refractories (e.g., aluminum hydroxide, aluminum fluoride, and lithium chloride) also have water resistance.

In preparing the GS mix / coating, the present invention first produces a graphite-sodium silicate solution (10S) and a graphite-aluminum sulfate solution (10A) and then mixes them. 10S consists of graphite, aluminum sulphate, water and a surfactant, and 10A consists of graphite, aluminum sulphate, water and a surfactant. Note that both 10S and 10A include graphite and one of the two refractories. The reason for separating the steps of manufacturing 10S and 10A is as follows. Graphite is well mixed with two refractory agents (ie, sodium silicate and aluminum sulfate). However, when these two flame retardants are mixed simultaneously with graphite, these two flame retardants quickly solidify before mixing with the graphite. Separation is therefore required to produce high quality 10S and 10A. The reason why the GS mix / coating requires two refractories is that sodium silicate and aluminum sulfate are both refractory but different. Sodium silicate is more refractory than aluminum sulphate, but it is easily dissolved in water and prone to flooding. On the other hand, aluminum sulfate is less resistant to fire but is waterproof than sodium silicate. When 10S and 10A are prepared, they are mixed to prepare a G-S mixed / coating agent (10).

The step (b) is a step of coating / laminating the GS mixture 10 on the base layer 20 such as a nonwoven fabric, a plywood, a plastic paper board, a glass fiber panel, a cement board, a ceramic board, a gypsum board, (See Fig. 2A). To make the heating element, the manufacturer must first determine the desired surface temperature of the heating device. If a medium temperature heating device (60-120 DEG C) is desired, an organic base layer as well as an inorganic base layer can be used. On the other hand, an inorganic base layer such as glass fiber, cement board, ceramic board, gypsum board or metal board is recommended if a high temperature heating system (over 120 ° C) is required. Second, it is necessary to determine the size of the heating element and the base layer. The smaller the size of the heating element / base layer, the higher the surface temperature of the heating apparatus. Finally, it is necessary to determine the thickness of the GS mix / coating. The thicker the coating, the higher the surface temperature of the heating element. This will be described in more detail in step (d).

Step (c) constitutes the electrode 40. 3A, the electrode 40 is composed of a hard electrode portion 40H, such as a brass plate, and a flexible electrode portion 40S, such as a glass fiber coated with the GS mixture 10. The metal plate 40H is used as a current collector capable of reducing the current resistance, the soft electrode 40S is for supporting 40M and facilitating current dispersion (Lee and Chung, U.S. Patent Application No. 61 / 743,556, September 7, 2012). The present invention uses glass fiber coated with 10 as 40S because the glass fiber is an inorganic material that can be well adhered to the inorganic heating element 30. [

In the experiment of the present invention, we cut the first two glass fibers of 3 x 21 inches, the first two glass fibers of 2 x 21 inches and the metal electrode of 1.5 x 21 inches. The present inventors used two layers of 40S so that current can be absorbed and dispersed in the electrode 40. The metal electrode portion 40H has small holes (diameter 2 mm, gap 3-5 inches). These holes are necessary to discharge moisture that may be present in the 40S. If it is inconvenient to puncture the metal plate, it can be replaced by a wide metal mesh (brass or copper). The G-S mixed / coating agent 10 is adhered to these three parts and then squeezed. It is noted that the GS mix / coating is an excellent binder.

Step (d) constitutes the heating panel 70 composed of the base layer material 20, the heating element 30, the two electrodes 40, the two electric wires 50 and the outer protective layer 110. In an embodiment of the present invention, the heating element 30 is a GS mix / coating 10 coated / laminated to the base layer laminate 20, as shown in Fig. 4A. The two electrodes 40 are attached to the heating element 30 at the opposite ends and the electric wire 50+ is connected to the electrode 40 and the other electric wire 50- is connected to the other electrode 40, 70). Then, the outer protective layer 130 covers the heating panel 70. In constructing the heating panel 70, as pointed out in step (b), the manufacturer first needs to determine the surface temperature of the heating panel 70 he wants to obtain. An inorganic base layer such as ceramic, cement, glass fiber, gypsum or metal plate should be used if it is desired to have a high temperature (120 캜 or higher) of the heating panel 70. If an intermediate temperature (60-120 占 폚) of the heating panel 70 is desired, an inorganic base layer or an organic base layer may be used. In addition, the length of the heating element is also important. The longer the length, the lower the surface temperature.

In the course of developing a mid / high temperature surface heating panel / board, the present invention has conducted three experiments. The first experiment relates to the construction of a warm / medium temperature surface heating panel / board. In this experiment, two 92x21 inch heating elements 30 are placed on a 96x48 inch base layer plywood 20, as shown in Figure 5a. The wires 50 are connected so that the positive (+) wire and the negative (-) wire are disposed on the same side of the heating element so that the total length of the heating element 30 is 184 inches. When a current of 120 volts is applied to this wire, the surface temperature of the heating element 30 becomes 44 deg. C, the conductivity becomes 13.63 ohms per inch at a room temperature of 23.6 deg. C, and the current becomes 6.36 amps. Alternatively, the wires 50 may be connected so that the positive (+) and negative (-) wires appear on opposite sides of the heating element (FIG. 5b) so that the distance between the positive and negative electric fields becomes shorter do. If this distance is shorter, the surface temperature of the heating element 30 becomes 107 DEG C while the GS mixed / coating agent 10 has a thickness of 0.8 mm and the room temperature is constantly maintained at 23.6 DEG C, and the conductivity becomes 4.4 ohms per inch , And the current becomes 7.7 amperes.

The second experiment relates to the development of high temperature (120-240 ° C) surface heating boards. In the second experiment, the size of the heating board along with the heating element is reduced while maintaining the same configuration of the heating element on the base layer board. In this experiment, two 44x10 inch heating elements 30 were placed on a 48x24 inch plywood 20 and anode (+) and cathode (-) wires 50 were placed on the same side, as shown in Figure 5a So that the total length of the heating element is 88 inches. When a current of 120 volts is applied to this electric wire 50, the surface temperature of the heating element 30 becomes 127 to 130 DEG C, the electric conductivity becomes 10 to 12 ohms per inch at a room temperature of 21.8 DEG C, and the current becomes 11 amperes. As shown in Fig. 5B, when the wires are connected so that the positive (+) and negative (-) wires 50 appear on opposite sides of the heating element 30 while keeping the other variables constant, ) Rises to 212-230 ° C, the conductivity is 10-12 ohms per inch, and the current is 14 amperes. However, the problem is that when the surface temperature rises to 140 캜, the organic laminate base layer begins to burn and decompose. When the two 44 x 10 inch heating elements 30 are placed on the metal panel 20, the surface temperature of the heating element 30 and the plywood 20 rises to 230 캜 and there is a risk of fire on the heating board 80 . This experiment suggests that an inorganic base layer such as a gypsum board, glass fiber, cement board or ceramic board is required to construct a high temperature heating device.

The third experiment is aimed at developing a small but effective heating board 80. In this experiment, four 4.5 x 22 inch heating elements 30 are placed on a 24 x 24 inch gypsum base board 20. The thickness range of the heating element is 0.5 to 0.7 mm. The electric wires 50 are connected so that the positive (+) electric wire and the negative (-) electric wire are disposed on the same side of the heating element 30, so that the total length of the heating element 30 becomes longer. Applying a 120V current to the 50+ and 50-wires results in a surface temperature of the heating element 30 of 134-159 ° C, a conductivity of 4.8 Ohms per inch and a current of 5.6-7 amperes. If the 50+ and 50- wires are connected so that the positive (+) and negative (-) wires appear on the opposite ends of the heating element 30, the surface temperature of the heating board rises above 400 ° C.

The reason for arranging two or more heating elements 30 on one base layer board 20 without placing one long heating element 30 on one long base board 20 is that the heating element 30 This is because the surface temperature varies depending on the length of the heating element, not on the length of the base layer board 30. The longer the length of the base layer board 20, the longer the distance between the positive (+) wire or the electrode and the negative (-) wire or electrode, and the surface temperature of the heating board 80 becomes lower. For example, placing two 21x92 inch heating elements 30 side by side on a 24x96 inch heating board 80 is more efficient and efficient than placing one 21x184 inch heating element on a 24x190 inch heating panel 70 . Here, the heating device including one heating element is called a heating panel 70, and the heating device including two or more heating elements is called a heating board 80. [ As shown in Figs. 5A and 5B, depending on the arrangement of electric wires, the user can control the distance between the positive electric field and the negative electric field, and thus can control the surface temperature of the heating device. The heating board 80 not only provides such flexibility but also economic efficiency in using the base layer board 20.

Fig. 6 shows the arrangement of the wall heating board 90. Fig. In the present invention, two or more heating boards (80) are arranged side by side in a lower portion of a wall (100) of a room. These heating boards 80 may be individually and / or collectively connected to the main wires 60 to provide flexibility. The user can adjust the distance between the positive and negative wires 50 by placing them on the same side or opposite side. If they are placed on the same plane, the distance will be longer, and if they are placed at the opposite end, the distance will be shorter. By shortening the distance between the anode wire / electrode and the cathode electrode / electrode, the user can further increase the surface temperature of the heating board. Conversely, if the wires are arranged so that the distance is longer, the surface temperature can be lowered.

The heating board 80 can be permanently installed on the wall, but this heating board can be used as an indoor heater or a wall-hanging heater by making it independent of the heating device. As a stand-alone type heating apparatus, the heating board 80 can be easily moved in a room requiring heating. The heating board 80 may be temporarily disposed on the wall or in the air. 7 shows a graphical representation of the room heater / wall heater 90. Fig. The indoor heater / wall heater 130 is composed of a heating board 80, an open box 110 made of metal or wood, and an outer protective layer 120 made of a metal screen or a metal expansion net. 130, a heating board 80 is disposed at the lower end of the open box 110, and an outer protective cover 120 is disposed at the upper end of the open box 110. The room heater 130 can be installed anywhere in a room where heating is required. This room heater is installed on a wall or hangs in the air to become a wall heater.

Installing a drying rack on an indoor heater will become an industrial dryer. In an embodiment of the present invention, the industrial dryer comprises a heating board, an open box, a drying table and an outer protective cover. Here, the heating board is disposed at the bottom of the open box, the depth of the open box may be anywhere from 10 to 20 inches, and sometimes even deeper, and one or more metal hangers or extenders may be about 3 to 5 inches Beginning at 3-5 inches above the heating board, the outer protective cover (expansion net) is placed on top of the open box. Materials such as vegetables, textiles, compounds, etc. will be placed on the drying rack and the outer protective cover.

Although the heating apparatus described in the present invention is mostly aimed at heating a specific house or a room in a building, the concept of the present invention is applicable to various other houses as well as a heating floor mat, a food warmer, an industrial dryer, But it can also be applied to an industrial field including a melting machine, an eye / ice melting machine of an airport runway, a building heater requiring an anti-static wall and floor, and the like. The heating apparatus, the manufacturing method and the drawings disclosed herein are not limited to the present invention, but are used in specific preferred embodiments only. Therefore, the disclosure herein is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and the present invention can be variously modified, limited and modified without departing from the scope thereof.

10: graphite-sodium silicate mixture
20: base layer material
30: Heating element
40: electrode (40H is metal, 40S is glass fiber)
50: Wire (50+ & 50-)
60: Main wire (60+ & 60-)
70: Heating panel
80: Heating plate
90: Wall heating plate
100: wall
110: open box
120: protective cover
130: Indoor / Wall-mounted heater

Claims (9)

(a) graphite as an exothermic agent,
(b) sodium silicate as a refractory agent,
(c) aluminum sulfate as a fire retardant and waterproofing agent,
(d) Alcohols to prevent microbial growth,
(e) a surfactant that reduces the surface tension of the graphite, and
(f) water to provide a liquid base to which the graphite, sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, alcohol,
/ RTI >
(a) a graphite-sodium silicate solution is made by mixing graphite, sodium silicate, alcohol, surfactant and water,
(b) a graphite-aluminum sulfate solution is made by mixing graphite, aluminum sulfate, an alcohol, a surfactant and water, and
(c) a graphite-sodium silicate (GS) mixed coating that mixes the two solutions to produce a GS mixed coating. delete The method according to claim 1,
(a) the graphite can be derived from a graphite-containing compound comprising any one of carbon black, graphite silica, graphite silica gel, graphite fibers, graphite carbon nitride;
(b) the sodium silicate may be replaced by a sodium-based silicate comprising any one of sodium carbonate, sodium tetrasilicate, and sodium colloidal silica; And
(c) a graphite-sodium silicate (GS) mixed coating which can be replaced with a waterproof material containing any one of aluminum hydroxide, aluminum fluoride, copper sulfate, lithium chloride, and magnesium sulfate. (a) Base layer board made of plywood, paper, glass fiber, gypsum, cement, ceramic or metal;
(b) a graphite-sodium silicate (GS) mixed coating prepared by mixing conductive graphite, sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, water, alcohol and surfactant;
(c) at least one heating element (thickness 0.5-1.0 mm) made by coating the GS mixed coating on the board;
(d) two electrodes made of one or two glass fiber layers (0.5-1.0 mm in thickness) coated with the GS mixed coating agent or brass or copper plate for each of the heating elements;
(e) two wires for each of the heating elements; And
(f) Protective layer
/ RTI >
(g) one electrode is disposed at one end of the heating element, another electrode is disposed at the other end, one wire is attached to each of the electrodes, and the protective layer is a graphite-sodium silicate (GS) heating board . 5. The method of claim 4,
One electrode is a flexible electrode made of nonwoven fabric or glass fiber coated with a graphite-sodium silicate (GS) mixed coating agent (0.5-1.0 mm in thickness), (b) a small hole (C) a rigid electrode made of brass or copper plate with an expanded metal net, and (c) a rigid electrode, wherein the rigid electrode is attached to two or three layers of the flexible electrode (thickness 0.5-1.0 mm) Graphite-sodium silicate (GS) heating board attached to said rigid electrode. 5. The method of claim 4,
The positive (+) and negative (-) electric wires are connected so that the positive (+) electric wire and the negative (-) electric wire appear on the same surface of the heating element, thereby increasing the distance between the positive electric field and the negative electric field, A graphite-sodium silicate (GS) heating board that connects the wires so that the anode and cathode wires appear at opposite ends, thereby shortening the distance between the positive electric field and the negative electric field. An indoor heater using a graphite-sodium silicate (GS) heating board according to any one of claims 4 to 6,
(a) a graphite-sodium silicate (GS) heating board comprising at least two heating elements, (b) a wooden or metal open box surrounding the heater, and (c) an outer protective layer made of an expanded metal net, Wherein the open box is positioned on the GS heating board and the outer protective layer is disposed on top of the open box. 8. The method of claim 7,
A graphite-sodium silicate (GS) indoor heater installed within the open box at 5-10 inch intervals above the heating board where one or two drying hobs (expanded metal mesh) will be used as a dryer or dehydrator. 8. The method of claim 7,
Graphite-sodium silicate (GS) indoor heaters in which a graphite-sodium silicate heating board containing only one or more heating elements without an open box and an outer protective layer can be used as an indoor heater.

Images