KR101465420B1 - Network on chip and method for routing the network on chip - Google Patents

Abstract

A network-on-chip for routing signals between components comprises: one or more routers that control signal transmission/reception of each component; and a channel that connects the routers in order to enable a signal of each router to be transmitted in one direction among upward, downward, left, and right directions according to communications assigned to each router. The routers are based on a two-dimensional mesh structure. Each router modulates a signal received from a corresponding component and transmits the signal in one direction through the channel, or changes the direction of a signal passing through each router, or demodulates a signal received through the channel and transmits the demodulated signal to a component. The network-on-chip can achieve a network of components by using less switching modules compared to the existing optical network-on-chip.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a network-on-a-chip

The present invention relates to a method for routing signals on a network-on-chip and a network-on-chip, and more particularly, to a network-on-chip for performing signal transmission between one or more components.

Due to increased semiconductor manufacturing costs and power consumption limitations, multi-processor system-on-chip (MPSoC) has emerged as a new paradigm for high-performance computing. In multi-process system-on-chip, not only the performance of a single processor but also the communication between each processor has a great influence on the overall system performance. The system-on-chip connection structure has evolved into a point-to-point switching network-on-chip (NoC) beyond the shared bus, but the existing electrical interconnection structure ) Are faced with physical limitations in terms of bandwidth, power consumption, and latency.

An optical network-on-chip (ONOC) using conventional silicon photonics technology is an attempt to overcome the problems in the existing electrical interconnect structure, and compared with the network-on-chip based on the electrical interconnect structure Increasing manufacturing costs and yield reduction are issues to be overcome in the future.

Existing optical network-on-chips are classified into two types according to the structure and design method. The first is a hybrid optical network-on-chip (Hybrid ONoC, HONoC), which has a structure in which an optical path is established by an electrical signal for dynamically generated communication and data is transmitted through an optical network. Second, Wavelength-routed ONoC (Wavelength-routed ONoC), which routes different wavelengths according to the source-destination pairs of each communication considering the fixed communication patterns at the design stage, WONoC).

The optical network-on-chip uses different wavelengths for each communication to transmit data according to its own path, so there is no latency due to path collision and can have maximized throughput. However, the traditional wavelength routing based optical network-on-chip uses more wavelengths as the number of components (N) increases and therefore requires more optical switching module, micro-ring resonator (MR) . In this regard, J. Chan and K. Bergman. Photonic interconnection network architectures using wavelength-selective spatial routing for chip-scale communications: IEEE / OSA Journal of Optical communications and networking. 2012.03, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. In 189-201, a study on distributed networks for WONoC is performed by S. Koohi, M. Abdollahi and S. Hessabi. All-Optical wavelength-routed NoC based on a novel hierarchical topology. Pittsburgh, Pa., USA: in 5th IEEE / ACM Int. Symp. on Networks on chip (NOCS). 2011.05, pp. 97-104, H. Gu, J. Xu, and W. Zhang, The structure of ring topology hierarchically connected. A Low-power Fat Tree-based Optical Network-on-Chip for Multiprocessor System-on-Chip. Nice: Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition. 2009.04, pp. 3-8 discloses a fat-tree structure.

These structures all use N wavelengths for N components, and research on the minimization of wavelengths is lacking. The increase in wavelength and switch module increases the cost of the light source that generates multiple wavelengths and the optical device for controlling each wavelength. In addition, it easily degrades the performance of the network-on-chip by increasing the bit-error rate (BER) due to interference of the light wave or attenuation of the optical signal, .

On the other hand, the wavelength-based optical network-on-chip in the meantime can guarantee high throughput by transmitting data using different wavelengths according to each source-destination pair, thereby reducing the structure of a traditional network-on-chip distributed router The research centered on the centralized routing structure has continued from the originating λ-router of the wavelength-based optical network-on-chip. However, wavelength - based optical network - on - chip based on this centralized routing architecture has limitations in scalability as well as throughput.

In order to solve the problems of the related art described above, an embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed router architecture for a wavelength routing based optical network on chip that minimizes the number of switching modules.

In addition, an embodiment of the present invention suggests a method of configuring an optical network with a minimum number of wavelengths considering the connection relationship between components of a network-on-chip.

As a technical means for achieving the above-mentioned technical object, a network-on-chip for routing signals between one or more components according to the first aspect of the present invention is a network-on-chip for routing signals between one or more components, One or more routers for controlling transmission and reception of signals; And a channel for connecting the signals of the respective routers in one of upward, downward, leftward, and rightward directions according to communication assigned to the respective routers, wherein one or more routers are based on a two-dimensional mesh structure, The router includes an input unit for modulating a signal received from a corresponding component and transmitting the signal in one direction through a channel; A switch unit for switching a direction of a signal passing through each router; And an output unit for demodulating a signal received from the channel and transmitting the demodulated signal to the component.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wavelength allocating apparatus for one or more communications of a network-on-chip, comprising: a direction determining unit for determining a signal switching direction for each communication; And an allocation unit that allocates one wavelength for each signal so that the number of allocated wavelengths is minimized, wherein the network-on-chip is a Wavelength-routed ONOC (WONoC) One or more routers for controlling transmission and reception of signals; And a channel for connecting the signals of the respective routers to be transmitted in one of upward, downward, leftward, and rightward directions according to the communication assigned to each router.

Also, in a network-on-chip according to the third aspect of the present invention, a method for routing signals between one or more components of a router, the router being based on a two-dimensional mesh structure for controlling transmission and reception of signals, Modulating a signal received from a corresponding component and transmitting a signal to a destination router in either direction of upward, downward, leftward, and rightward according to the assigned communication; And the destination router demodulates the transmitted signal and transmits it to the corresponding component.

The optical network-on-a-chip according to an embodiment of the present invention can realize a network between components with a smaller number of switching modules than a conventional optical network-on-chip.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a wavelength allocation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention provides a method of configuring an optical network with a minimum number of wavelengths considering a connection relationship between components.

1 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a network-on-chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating components of a 2D-mesh-based Distributed Wavelength-Routing Optical Router (2D-DWOR) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a diagram of a switching module (MRj to MRk) and a channel type according to an embodiment of the present invention when a single wavelength signal is transmitted and when a multi-wavelength signal is transmitted.
4 is a diagram of a wavelength allocation apparatus for one or more communications of a network-on-chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 5 shows a flow diagram of how one or more routers in a network-on-chip described above routes signals between one or more components.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In order to clearly illustrate the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are denoted by like reference characters throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected" to another part, it includes not only "directly connected" but also "electrically connected" with another part in between .

Throughout this specification, when a member is " on " another member, it includes not only when the member is in contact with the other member, but also when there is another member between the two members.

Throughout this specification, when an element is referred to as "including " an element, it is understood that the element may include other elements as well, without departing from the other elements unless specifically stated otherwise. The word " step (or step) "or" step "used to the extent that it is used throughout the specification does not mean" step for.

The present invention relates to a network-on-chip that performs signal transmission between one or more components in a system-on-chip. A network-on-chip according to an embodiment of the present invention is a 2D-mesh-based optical router based on a two-dimensional mesh structure for a Wavelength-routed ONOC (WONoC) Distributed Wavelength-Routing Optical Router, 2D-DWOR).

The On-Chip Network structure of the conventional bus structure can only provide one connection path at a time because the number of components that can be inserted into the chip increases due to the development of semiconductor technology. It is a proposed method to solve the data transfer bottleneck that occurs.

Wavelength-routed ONOC (WONoC) is a wavelength-routing based optical network-on-chip (WONoC) that considers fixed communication patterns at the design stage and assigns different wavelengths according to the source- A chip having a chip network conventionally proposed structures in which each router uses N wavelengths for N components.

The present invention further proposes a distributed router structure based on a two-dimensional mesh structure, and proposes a design method capable of constructing a network-on-chip with a minimum number of wavelengths considering communication of each component.

1 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a network-on-chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The network-on-chip according to an embodiment of the present invention includes N (= n ² ) components, N routers, and a channel connecting each router as shown in FIG.

Each router is arranged based on a two-dimensional mesh structure and arranged in a row and a column, and each router transmits signals to the different routers up, down, left, and right through channels.

A component refers to a processor that transmits or receives data using a network-on-chip, wherein a transmitting component and a receiving component transmit and receive data using routers and channels. In this case, the originating router takes charge of receiving the signal from the transmitting component, modulating the signal to the wavelength assigned to the communication with the receiving router in advance, and transmitting the modulated signal to one channel. Conversely, the destination router is responsible for receiving the signal for the receiving component from the channel, demodulating the received signal, and transmitting the signal to the receiving component.

A detailed description of the process of transmitting a signal from the transmitting component to the receiving component will be given later.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a 2D-mesh-based Distributed Wavelength-Routing Optical Router (2D-DWOR) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

A router is a component for controlling transmission and reception of data between components in a wavelength routing based optical network on chip and includes input units I1 to I4, switch units S1 to S8, and output units E1 to E4 do.

The injection units I1 through I4 modulate a signal received from the component and transmit the signal in either direction through the channel when the connected component tries to transmit data (i.e., when the component is a transmitting component). In this case, a channel transmitting a signal can transmit a signal upward, downward, leftward, or rightward according to communication for each destination component, and a router to which a signal is transmitted becomes a source router. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the uplink channel, the downlink channel, the left channel, and the right channel may be connected to each router, and the input units I1 to I4 may transmit the modulated signals to corresponding channels Lt; / RTI >

According to another embodiment of the present invention, when the network-on-chip includes an up channel, a down channel, a left channel, and a right channel for each router, the input units I1 to I4 transmit signals through the left channel A second input unit I2 for transmitting a signal through a downlink channel, a third input unit I3 for transmitting a signal through the uplink channel, and a second input unit I3 for transmitting a signal through the right channel, 4 input unit I4.

The switch units (S1 to S8) switch the direction of a signal passing through the router. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the switch units S1 to S4 include a first switch unit S1 for switching a direction of a signal from a down channel to a left channel, a second switch unit S2 for switching from a left channel to a down channel, A third switch unit S3 for switching the channel from the upstream channel to the left channel, a fourth switch unit S4 for switching the channel from the left channel to the up channel, a fifth switch unit S5 for switching the channel from the right channel to the down channel, A sixth switching unit S6 for switching from the downlink channel to the right channel, a seventh switching unit S7 for switching from the right channel to the uplink channel, and an eighth switching unit S8 for switching from the uplink channel to the right channel .

Each switch unit may include one or more switching modules SS1 to SSn for switching the direction of a signal destined for one router that has transmitted the signal and another router that is disposed in another row and another column, The units S1 to S8 may include switching modules SS1 to SSn by the number of routers arranged in other rows and other columns. However, the switching modules SS1 to SSn for the corresponding router may not be disposed because routers disposed in the same row or the same column do not need redirection of signals.

Further, according to another embodiment of the present invention, each of the switch portions S1 to S8 of the router may include one or more switching modules MRj to MRk for resonating each of the multiple wavelength signals. That is, the switching modules MRj to MRk may be added by the number of wavelengths.

3 is a diagram of a switching module (MRj to MRk) and a channel type according to an embodiment of the present invention when a single wavelength signal is transmitted and when a multi-wavelength signal is transmitted.

Referring to FIG. 3, when a signal of a single wavelength is transmitted, a single switching module MRi can operate without a separate channel. However, when a signal of multiple wavelengths is transmitted, (MRj to MRk). That is, the number of switching modules MR can be changed according to the number of wavelengths. Furthermore, the arrangement of the channels may also vary.

Returning to FIG. 2, the output units E1 to E4 demodulate and transmit the signal to the component when the destination of the signal received from the channel is a component corresponding to the router described above. At this time, the router becomes the destination router.

In addition, the outputs E1 through E4 demodulate the signals received from the components via the channel and transmit the signals to the components when the corresponding component becomes the receiving target of the signal (i.e., becomes the receiving component). At this time, the outputs E1 to E4 can receive signals from the up, down, left, or right channels, and the router receiving the signals becomes the destination router. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the uplink channel, the downlink channel, the left channel, and the right channel may be connected to each router, and the output units E1 to E4 may receive signals from the corresponding channels according to a predetermined path direction. have.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, when the network-on-chip includes an uplink channel, a downlink channel, a left channel, and a right channel for each router, the outputs E1 through E4 output signals from the left channel A second output E2 for receiving a signal from the downlink channel, a third output E3 for receiving a signal from the uplink channel, and a fourth output E2 for receiving a signal from the right channel, And an output unit E4.

1, if the component (1, 1) is the transmitting component, and the component (n-1, 2) is the receiving component, ) portion of the fourth wavelength, if a signal is sent to the path by the YX- routed by λ ₃ components (1, 1) to the second input (I2) in the modulation signal, component (n-1,2) of the output to the ( E4), the signal is demodulated and the switching module SSn of the sixth switching unit S6 of the components 1 and 2 generates a direction change. However, the switching module of the switching unit may not be used depending on the positional relationship between the source and destination of the transmission path. If the source and destination are on the same line, that is, if the source router's row and destination router's row are the same, or if the source router's column and destination's router's column are the same, then the communication will not be redirected ) Signal) can be transmitted. This is the case, for example, when signals are transmitted from component 1, 1 to components 1, 2. Accordingly, the present invention requires a smaller number of switching modules (SS1 to SSn) than conventional centralized routers. The number of switching modules required when constructing a network-on-chip with N components as a distributed wavelength routing optical router based on a two-dimensional mesh structure can be derived as follows.

) 개의 컴포넌트로부터 Y축에서 R_n을 제외한 (

) 개의 컴포넌트로 신호를 스위칭 할 수 있도록 (

)²개의 스위칭 모듈(SSn)을 가져야 한다. 즉, 한 라우터는 다른 행 및 다른 열에 존재하는 컴포넌트의 수, 즉 (

)² 개만큼의 스위칭 모듈(SSn)을 필요로하고, 네트워크 온 칩의 모든 라우터에 필요한 스위칭 모듈(SSn)의 수는 N (

)² 가 된다. First, it is assumed that the communication set is switched at router R _n by XY-routing. The router R _n R _n, except for the X-axis (

) Except for R _n in the Y-axis from the two components (

) Components to switch signals (

) ² to have a switching module (SSn). In other words, one router can count the number of components that exist in different rows and columns,

) Requires the switching module (SSn) of as much as ^two, the number of switching modules (SSn) required by all routers in the network-on-chip is N (

) ² .

On the other hand, the increase in the number of wavelengths causes a decrease in the performance of the network-on-chip due to attenuation of the optical signal due to interference of the light wave as well as increase in the cost of the optical device.

In order to solve this problem, the communication of wavelength-based optical network-on-chip allows a minimum wavelength to be allocated to each signal in the designing stage in consideration of a fixed signal pattern.

4 is a diagram of a wavelength allocation apparatus for one or more communications of a network-on-chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The wavelength allocating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention allocates wavelengths to at least one communication between routers in designing the network on chip as described above and calculates a minimum number of wavelengths . Each configuration of the above-described network-on-chip can be implemented by a minimum wavelength allocation technique of this wavelength allocation apparatus. A wavelength allocation apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can allocate wavelengths to each communication on a network-on-a-chip or on a network-on-a-chip.

To this end, the wavelength assignment apparatus includes a direction determination unit 10 and an assignment unit 20 as follows, and the following constraint condition of each component is a necessary condition.

First, the direction determination unit 10 determines a signal switching direction for each signal. The switching direction of the signal is selected, for example, in XY-routing, which is switched from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction, or YX-routing, which is switched from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction. 1, the direction of signal switching is YX-routing. This can be expressed by Equation (1).

C denotes a set of communications that can be generated from N components, C _i denotes each communication, and R denotes a set of signal switching directions (XY or YX) that each communication can select.

C _i, according to the signal switching direction of the _XY and C _{i, YX} has a value of 0 or 1. For example, when C ₃ is YX- routed, the value of 0 is 0, and the value of C _{i , YX} is 1.

Subsequently, the assigning unit 20 assigns one wavelength to each communication so that the number of wavelengths for one or more signals is minimized. That is, according to Equation (2), when the direction of signal conversion is determined, communication (C _{i , r} ) in which the direction is determined is assigned one usable wavelength among the wavelengths of the set W.

는 커뮤니케이션c_i이 r의 신호 전환 방향을 이용하는 경우, 파장 λ_j의 할당 여부를 나타내기 위해 0 또는 1의 값을 갖는 이진수, W는 발생한 모든 커뮤니케이션인 c_i 에 할당 가능한 파장의 집합을 의미한다.here,

Is a binary number having a value of 0 or 1 to indicate whether or not the wavelength λ _j is allocated when the communication c _i uses the signal switching direction of r, and W denotes a set of wavelengths assignable to all communications c _i generated .

가 1의 값을 가지면 커뮤니케이션(c₃)은 YX-라우팅을 하고, 파장 λ₂를 할당 받았음을 나타낸다.E.g,

Has a value of 1, the communication (c ₃ ) performs YX-routing and indicates that the wavelength λ ₂ has been allocated.

At this time, the assigning unit 20 assigns different wavelengths to each communication. That is, the allocated wavelength is not overlapped with the wavelength of the other signal in each link. This can be expressed as Equation (3).

Here, L _{z ,} λ _{j means} the existence of communication (1 if there is no communication and 0 when no communication exists) assigned to λ _j , and the maximum value is 1 because each communication is assigned a different wavelength. C (L _z ) means a set of communications across a link L _z .

In order to meet such a requirement, the assigning unit 20 assigns one wavelength to each communication so that the number of wavelengths is minimized. This can be expressed by the following equation (4).

Each communication is assigned a wavelength belonging to the set W. At this time, a weight (j) is assigned to a wavelength to be allocated, and a wavelength having a low weight is selected so that the value of Equation (4) has a minimum value.

According to Equation (4), when? _J is assigned to the communication C _i , the value of j is weighted. The objective function is to minimize the number of wavelengths used for signal transmission by allocating a wavelength λ _j has a lower weight j.

At this time, as described above, the number of switching modules (MR) may be different according to the wavelength number of the network-on-chip.

Figure 5 shows a flow diagram of how one or more routers in a network-on-chip described above routes signals between one or more components.

First, a source router receiving (receiving) a signal from a transmitting component modulates a signal and transmits the signal in either the upward, downward, leftward, or rightward direction at step S530. At this time, the signal is modulated to have the assigned wavelength, and the direction in which the signal is transmitted is determined according to the predetermined communication path. In addition, the network-on-chip may include an uplink channel, a downlink channel, a left channel, and a right channel for each router, which has already been described above.

Then, if the source router and the destination router are located in different rows and another column (S540), the redirecting router switches the direction of the signal (S545). At this time, the switching module in the switching unit switches the direction of the signal. In this regard, the above description is omitted. However, if the source router and the destination router are located in the same row or in the same column (S540), the switching unit of the redirect router transmits the signal to the next router without switching the direction of the signal.

Finally, the destination router receiving the signal from the channel in either direction demodulates the signal and outputs (transmits) the signal to the receiving component (S550). Either direction may be upward, downward, leftward, or rightward. At this time, the signal is modulated to have the assigned wavelength, and is demodulated in a manner corresponding to the modulated manner. The direction in which the signal is transmitted is determined according to the predetermined communication path. In addition, the network-on-chip may include an uplink channel, a downlink channel, a left channel, and a right channel for each router, which has already been described above.

 According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the process of designing a network-on-chip, the wavelength allocation device may allocate wavelengths to one or more communications. First, the wavelength allocation device transmits XY- Or YX-routing (S510). Then, one wavelength is assigned to each communication so that the number of wavelengths to be allocated to one or more communications is minimized (S520). At this time, according to an embodiment of the present invention, wavelengths allocated to respective communications are different from each other. This is a requirement of the wavelength allocation, and is already described above.

1 to 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention refers to a hardware component such as software or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), and a predetermined role Lt; / RTI >

However, 'components' are not meant to be limited to software or hardware, and each component may be configured to reside on an addressable storage medium and configured to play one or more processors.

Thus, by way of example, an element may comprise components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components and task components, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, Routines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuitry, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables.

The components and functions provided within those components may be combined into a smaller number of components or further separated into additional components.

Meanwhile, each of the components shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 may be configured as a 'module'. The term 'module' refers to a hardware component such as software or a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), and the module performs certain roles. However, a module is not limited to software or hardware. A module may be configured to reside on an addressable storage medium and may be configured to execute one or more processors. The functionality provided by the components and modules may be combined into a smaller number of components and modules or further separated into additional components and modules.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only and that those of ordinary skill in the art can readily understand that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. will be. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention do.

Claims (12)

A network-on-chip that routes signals between one or more components,
One or more routers for controlling transmission and reception of signals of each component; And
And a channel for connecting the signals of the respective routers to be transmitted in one of upward, downward, leftward, and rightward directions according to communication assigned to the respective routers,
The network-on-chip is a Wavelength-routed ONOC (WONoC)
Wherein the one or more routers are based on a two dimensional mesh structure,
Each of the routers includes:
An input unit for modulating a signal received from a corresponding component and transmitting a signal in one direction through the channel;
A switch unit for switching a direction of a signal passing through each of the routers; And
And an output unit for demodulating a signal received from the channel and transmitting the demodulated signal to the component,
Wherein the signal is assigned a different wavelength for each communication so that the number of wavelengths allocated to the network-on-chip is minimized.
The method according to claim 1,
The channel may comprise:
An uplink channel, a downlink channel, a left channel, and a right channel for connecting the routers,
Wherein the input unit comprises:
A first input unit for transmitting a signal through the left channel, a second input unit for transmitting a signal through the down channel, a third input unit for transmitting a signal through the up channel, and a second input unit for transmitting a signal through the right channel. 4 input sections,
Wherein,
A first switch unit for switching the direction of the signal from a down channel to a left channel, a second switch unit for switching from a left channel to a down channel, a third switch unit for switching from an up channel to a left channel, A fifth switch unit for switching from the right channel to the down channel, a sixth switch unit for switching from the down channel to the right channel, a seventh switch unit for switching from the right channel to the up channel, Channel, wherein the first switch unit is connected to the first switch unit,
The output unit includes:
A first output for receiving a signal from the left channel, a second output for receiving a signal from the downlink channel, a third output for receiving a signal from the uplink channel, and a fourth output for receiving a signal from the right channel. A network-on-chip comprising an output.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein each switch unit of any one of the one or more routers includes:
And a switching module for switching a direction of a signal passing through any one of the routers whose destination is a router arranged in a different row and another column than a router transmitting the signal passing through the one router.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein each switch unit of the router includes:
Wherein the network-on-chip comprises one or more switching modules to resonate signals of respective wavelengths if the signals are signals of multiple wavelengths.
A wavelength allocation apparatus for one or more communications of a network-on-chip,
A direction determination unit for determining a signal switching direction for each communication; And
And an allocation unit that allocates one wavelength to each signal so that the number of allocated wavelengths is minimized,
The network-on-
Wavelength-based optical network-on-chip (WONOC)
One or more routers for controlling transmission and reception of signals of each component; And
And a channel for connecting signals of the respective routers to be transmitted in any one of an upward direction, a downward direction, a leftward direction, and a right direction according to communication assigned to each router,
Each of the routers includes:
An input unit for modulating a signal received from a corresponding component and transmitting a signal in one direction through the channel;
A switch unit for switching a direction of a signal passing through each of the routers; And
And an output unit for demodulating a signal received from the channel and transmitting the demodulated signal to the component,
Wherein the allocating unit assigns one wavelength different for each communication so that the number of wavelengths allocated to the network-on-chip is minimized.
6. The method of claim 5,
The direction determining unit may determine,
And the signal switching direction is determined in the XY direction or the YX direction.
delete 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the allocating unit comprises:
And a wavelength is allocated so as to satisfy the following equation.
[Mathematical Expression]

Here, C is the set of possible communication generated in the N component, C _i is each communication. R is a set of signal switching directions that each communication can select, r is a signal switching direction, C _{i, XY} and C _i, and _Y X are communication having a value of 0 or 1 according to the signal switching direction (r)

Is a binary number having a value of 0 or 1 to indicate whether or not the wavelength λ _j is allocated when the communication C _i uses the signal switching direction of r, W is a set of wavelengths assignable to all the generated communications c _i , L _{z, λj} is the presence of communication that has been assigned λ _j , C (L _z ) is the set of communications across the link L _z , and j is the weight for the wavelength λ _j .
A method for routing signals between one or more components in a network-on-chip,
The router is based on a two-dimensional mesh structure for controlling transmission and reception of the signals,
Modulating a signal received from a corresponding component of a source router and transmitting the signal to a destination router in either direction of upward, downward, leftward, and rightward according to the assigned communication; And
The destination router demodulating the transmitted signal and transmitting the demodulated signal to a corresponding component,
The network-on-chip is a Wavelength-routed ONOC (WONoC)
Wherein each communication between the one or more routers determines the direction of the switching of the signal before the source router transmits the signal,
Wherein the signal is allocated a different wavelength for each communication so that the number of wavelengths allocated to the network-on-chip is minimized.
10. The method of claim 9,
Prior to transmitting to the component,
Further comprising diverting the direction of the signal if the source router and the destination router are located in different rows and other columns.
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