KR101351757B1 - Metal matrix composite with dispersed nanofiber and manufacturing method the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a metal-based composite having nanofibers dispersed therein and a method for manufacturing the same, comprising: (a) preparing a nanofiber dispersion solution using a solvent; (b) preparing two or more metal plates to apply the nanofiber dispersion solution to each of the metal plates to form a nanofiber layer; (c) stacking two or more metal plates on which the nanofiber layer is formed, and laminating the metal plate and the nanofiber layer repeatedly; And (d) rolling two or more metal plates on which the stacked nanofiber layers are formed. Provided is a method for manufacturing a metal-based composite with a nanofiber dispersed therein and a metal-based composite. As the fiber is uniformly applied to the surface of metal base, it can not only secure dispersibility in the process of integrating high quality bulk material in the processing process, but also realize excellent mechanical properties such as high strength at the same time, which can greatly expand the scope of industrial application. have.

Description

Metal base composite with nanofibers dispersed and its manufacturing method {METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE WITH DISPERSED NANOFIBER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THE SAME}

The present invention relates to a metal-based composite material and a method for manufacturing the nanofiber dispersed, and more particularly to a high-quality metal-based nanofiber composite material and a method for manufacturing the nanofiber is uniformly dispersed.

Research into the dispersion of nanofibers into metal bases has been ongoing for many years. In particular, in the case of carbon nanotubes having maximized aspect ratios and excellent properties due to strong covalent bonds between carbons, uniform dispersion is a key topic of research.

Recently, the casting method (Noguchi T, Magario A, Fukazawa S, Mater Trans 2004; 45: 602, Yanagi H, Kawai Y, Kita K, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 2006: 45: L650-3), powder method (Zhong R, Cong H, Hou P. Carbon 2003: 41: 848, George R, Kashyap KT, Rahul R, Yamdgni S. Scripta Mater 2005: 53: 1159), and the like. have.

In the casting method, the manufacturing process is easier and simpler than the powder method, and thus the industrial application is considered to be excellent.However, carbon nanotubes, which have a relatively low specific gravity than metals, float on the molten surface during casting and are mixed with the metal during melting. There is a difficulty in manufacturing the composite material. In addition, the carbon nanotubes react with the metal base due to the high process temperature, thereby forming carbide, thereby deteriorating the properties of the final molded product.

In the powder method, various methods for dispersing carbon nanotubes in metal powders have been proposed. Since then, in order to improve the problem that the carbon component of the composite powder impedes the integration of the powder, high-quality bulk materials are manufactured. In other words, there are no research cases in which the final shape has been enlarged. As a method of integrating such a metal / carbon nanotube composite powder, a method of integrating a powder by directly applying heat and pressure and a method of incorporating the powder into another metal container by applying heat and pressure to the container have been introduced.

However, when heat and pressure are directly applied to the powder, the process must be carried out under vacuum and atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the powder, which leads to a high process cost and difficult industrialization. In this case, since the carbon nanotubes present on the surface of the powder are easily decomposed and the powder is largely damaged in the integration process, the properties of the final bulk material are deteriorated.

When the powder is charged to another metal container and heat and pressure are applied to the container, there is an advantage that the bulk material is excellent due to less damage of the powder in the integration process. Since the process is very complicated, such as removing the back, there is a problem that the process cost is high and industrialization and automation are difficult.

As described above, both techniques related to the conventional powder method integrate powders in a single process. Since carbon nanotubes greatly prevent material movement of metals, there is a problem in that the properties of the final bulk material are low due to low density. Furthermore, the porous particles or nanofibers are not evenly dispersed inside the powder, but only at a level mixed with the surface of the powder. This causes segregation of porous particles or nanofibers on the surface of the powder, resulting in poor dispersion and deterioration of the properties of the composite. In addition, there is a problem that the porous particles or nanofibers present on the surface during the integration prevents the bonding of the powder to the powder.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and to provide a method and a composite material that can easily produce the final bulk material nanofiber is uniformly dispersed in a metal base.

The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a metal-based composite material with nanofibers dispersed therein, which exhibits excellent properties by preventing nanofiber damage compared to a casting method or a method of forming a composite powder at a high temperature by excluding a dispersion process in a powder state. We want to provide a composite.

In addition, the present invention is to provide a metal-based composite manufacturing method and a composite material of the nano-fiber dispersed in the process cost is cheap compared to the conventional powder method is excellent industrial applications.

In addition, the present invention is to provide a method for producing a metal-based composite material and nanocomposite dispersed nanofibers showing excellent properties by improving the density of the final bulk material.

In addition, the present invention is to provide a method for producing a metal-based composite material and a composite material of the large-scale bulk material can be manufactured in large quantities and nanofibers dispersed with excellent mechanical properties.

According to an aspect of the present invention,

(1) (a) preparing a nanofiber dispersion solution using a solvent; (b) preparing two or more metal plates to apply the nanofiber dispersion solution to each of the metal plates to form a nanofiber layer; (c) stacking two or more metal plates on which the nanofiber layer is formed, and laminating the metal plate and the nanofiber layer repeatedly; And (d) rolling two or more metal plates on which the stacked nanofiber layers are formed. The method provides a method of manufacturing a metal-based composite having nanofibers dispersed therein.

(2) The method according to (1) above, wherein the solvent is water or an organic solvent.

(3) The method according to (2), wherein the organic solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, acetones, dimethyl formaldehyde, provides a method for producing a metal-based composite with a nanofiber dispersed.

(4) The metal base having nanofibers dispersed in (1), wherein the dispersion solution is prepared using at least one selected from the group consisting of ultrasonic wave, roll mill, ball mill, jet mill, and screw mixing. It provides a method for producing a composite.

(5) The method of (1), wherein the nanofiber, provides a method for producing a metal-based composite material dispersed in the nanofiber, characterized in that contained 1 ~ 10vol% with respect to the dispersion solution.

(6) The nanofiber according to (1), wherein the nanofiber is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, fullerenes, nanocarbon blacks, and carbon fibers. Provided is a method for producing a dispersed metal base composite.

(7) The metal plate composite according to (1), wherein the metal plate is capable of plastic deformation.

(8) The method according to (7), wherein the metal plate is made of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, titanium, and magnesium. do.

(9) The method according to (1), wherein the coating provides a method for producing a metal-based composite having nanofibers dispersed therein, using a spray or roll coating method.

The present invention to solve the above another problem,

(10) Provided is a metal-based composite material prepared according to any one of the above (1) to (9), wherein the nanofibers are dispersed in which a metal plate and a nanofiber layer are repeatedly laminated and rolled.

According to the metal-based composite material and the method of manufacturing the nanofiber dispersed in the present invention, nanofibers with excellent properties are uniformly applied to the metal base surface to ensure dispersibility in the process of integrating into a good quality bulk material in the processing process In addition, it is possible to realize excellent mechanical properties such as high strength at the same time, greatly expanding the industrial application range.

In addition, since the nanofiber-dispersed metal-based composite prepared according to the present invention can be molded without powder manufacturing or dispersing the nanofibers in the powder, the density of the molding material is improved without damaging the nanofibers or metal masonry by heat. It can be made, it is possible to implement a metal-based composite dispersed nanofibers having excellent properties.

Moreover, the manufacturing method according to the present invention is very simple and easy to automate, so the process cost is low and the industrial application is excellent.

1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing a metal-based composite material in which nanofibers are dispersed according to the present invention;
2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a process in which nanofibers are dispersed in a metal base according to FIG. 1;
Figure 3 is a photograph of the metal base composite prepared according to Example 3 with a transmission electron microscope,
Figure 4 is a graph showing the tensile test results for the metal plate prepared according to the Examples and Comparative Examples.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, the same or equivalent reference numerals are given to the same or equivalent materials, and the directions are based on the drawings. In addition, throughout the specification, when a part is said to "include" a certain component, it means that unless otherwise stated, it may further include other components other than the other components.

1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a metal-based composite material in which nanofibers are dispersed according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a process in which nanofibers are dispersed in a metal base according to FIG. 1.

1 and 2, the nanofiber-dispersed metal-based composite material manufacturing method according to the present invention, (a) preparing a nanofiber dispersion solution 10 using a solvent (S100); (b) preparing two or more metal plates 20 and applying the nanofiber dispersion solution 10 to each of the metal plates 20 to form a nanofiber layer 10 (S200); (c) stacking two or more metal plates 20 on which the nanofiber layer 10 is formed, and laminating the metal plate 20 and the nanofiber layer 10 so as to be repeated (S300); And (d) rolling two or more metal plates 20 on which the stacked nanofiber layers 10 are formed (S400).

In order to uniformly apply the nanofiber 10 to one surface of the metal plate 20, the nanofiber 10 is first dispersed in a solvent (S100). The nanofiber 10 has a diameter of approximately 5 to 50 nm and may be one or more selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, fullerenes, nanocarbon blacks, and carbon fibers in the present invention. In order to uniformly apply the nanofiber 10 to the metal plate 20, the solvent is preferably water or an organic solvent. In this case, it is more preferable to use the organic solvent for efficient dispersion, and the organic solvent may be one or more selected from the group consisting of alcohols, acetones and dimethylformaldehyde. Here, as the alcohol, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and the like may be used.

As a method of dispersing the nanofiber 10 in such a solvent, a method of applying external energy using mechanical dispersion may be used. For example, methods such as ultrasonic wave, roll milling, ball milling, jet milling, screw mixing, and the like can be used.

In addition, the content of the nanofibers when the dispersion solution 10 is prepared is preferably contained 1 ~ 10vol% with respect to the dispersion solution (10). When the nanofiber content is out of the above range, the degree of improvement in mechanical strength of the manufactured composite material 100 may be insufficient and the dispersion on the surface of the metal plate 20 may not be uniform.

Thereafter, the nanofiber dispersion solution 10 is applied to the metal plate 20 to form the nanofiber layer 10 (S200). Here, in terms of manufacturing process efficiency, the dispersion solution 10 is preferably applied only to one surface of the metal plate 20, but is not limited thereto, and may be applied to both surfaces of the metal plate 20.

In order to apply the method to the metal plate 20, it is preferable to use a spray method or a roll coating method in consideration of applying the solution 10 in which the nanofibers having a fine size are dispersed.

The metal plate 20 is preferably made of a material capable of elastic and plastic deformation for smooth dispersion and insertion of the nanofibers when the dispersion solution 10 is applied. For example, it may be a metal plate made of a material of any one of aluminum, copper, iron, titanium, and magnesium, and more preferably, a metal plate made of an alloy material formed by selecting two or more of them.

Application of the nanofiber dispersion solution 10 to the metal plate 20 is performed by preparing several metal plates 20 and stacking the metal plates 20 on which the nanofiber layer 10 is formed (S300). In this case, before the lamination process, each metal plate 20 on which the nanofiber layer 10 is formed may be laminated after drying (S210) at a predetermined time and at a predetermined temperature.

The lamination process (S300) is performed such that the metal plate 20 and the nanofiber layer 10 are repeated. For example, when the nanofiber layer 10 is formed on only one surface of the metal plate 20, the surface of the metal plate 20 may be repeatedly stacked on the top surface of the nanofiber layer 10. If the nanofiber layer 10 is formed on both sides of the metal plate 20, it can be laminated regardless of the direction. At this time, the number of repeated laminations may be appropriately determined according to the needs of the required composite material 100.

In addition, it is preferable to stack the surface exposed to the outside after the final lamination so as to perform the smooth rolling process (S400) to be the metal plate 20. That is, when the nanofiber layer 10 is formed on only one surface of the metal plate 20, the metal plate 20 on which the nanofiber layer 10 is formed by preparing a metal plate 20 in which the nanofiber layer 10 is not formed in advance is provided. May be stacked such that the nanofiber layer 10 is positioned between the metal plates 20. Of course, at this time, using the metal plate 20 on which the nanofiber layer 10 is formed, it is also possible to laminate the surfaces on which the nanofiber layer 10 is formed to contact each other. In the subsequent additional lamination, the lamination may be performed such that the surface exposed to the outside becomes the metal plate 20. On the other hand, even when the nanofiber layer 10 is formed on both sides of the metal plate 20, it is possible to make the final laminated surface to the metal plate 20 by the above-described method.

After the lamination process (S300), the rolling process (S400) is performed to complete the manufacture of the metal base composite 100, the nanofiber 10 is dispersed. The rolling process (S400) is preferably performed repeatedly until complete dispersion of the nanofibers (10). For example, in the case of about 5 metal plates, it is preferable to repeat rolling about 5 to 15 times. In FIG. 2, a process in which nanofibers are dispersed in a metal base in the lamination step (a) and repeated rolling (b, c) is schematically illustrated.

Here, the lamination process (S300) and the rolling process (S400) may be repeatedly performed for more uniform dispersion of the nanofibers 10. That is, the metal plate 20 on which the nanofiber layer 10 is formed is laminated (S300) and rolled (S400) once, and then the metal plate 20 on which the other nanofiber layer 10 is formed is further laminated (S300) and rolled (S400). Can be done repeatedly.

The nanofibers 10 present on the surface of the metal plate 20 are dispersed between the metal plates 20 which are in close contact as the rolling process S400 is repeated, and the compressive and shear stresses are applied from the outside. The thickness of the metal plate 20 is reduced. Therefore, the distance between the coated nanofiber layer 10 is reduced to be uniformly dispersed in the metal base 20.

Example  One

Ethyl alcohol or acetone was used as the solvent, and the carbon nanotubes were mixed to 1 vol% based on the dispersion solution, and forcedly stirred for 3 hours using a volume 1 liter high energy ball mill. At this time, a stainless steel ball (about 1.5 kg) having a diameter of 5 mm was added thereto, and the carbon nanotube dispersion solution was prepared by applying physical energy (kinetic energy) by rotating the vessel at a speed of 500 rpm for 6 hours. Thereafter, the dispersion solution was applied to each of five aluminum plates using a spray and dried, and then rolled to prepare a metal base composite having nanofibers dispersed therein. Rolling was carried out 10 times, and once reduction ratio was 20%.

Example  2

Except for mixing carbon nanotubes to 1.5 vol% based on the dispersion solution in Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a metal-based composite in which nanofibers are dispersed.

Example  3

In Example 1, a carbon-based composite was prepared in which the nanofibers were dispersed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the carbon nanotubes were mixed to be 3 vol% based on the dispersion solution.

Example  4

Except for mixing carbon nanotubes to 4.5 vol% based on the dispersion solution in Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a metal-based composite in which nanofibers are dispersed.

Comparative Example  One

An aluminum plate having the same thickness as the above examples was prepared for comparison with the above examples.

Comparative Example  2

Except not applying carbon nanotubes in Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an aluminum plate with a fine structure of the same thickness as the above examples.

3 is a photograph of the metal-based composite prepared according to Example 3 with a transmission electron microscope. Here, (a) shows the state after performing 2 to 3 times of rolling, (b) shows 25 times the enlargement of (a), and (c) shows the state after completion of 10 times of rolling. CNTs means carbon nanotubes.

Referring to FIG. 3, it can be seen that due to repeated rolling, the tissues are stacked in a layered structure, and carbon nanotubes appearing in white are arranged in parallel to uniformly disperse in a metal base.

Figure 4 is a graph showing the tensile test results for the metal plate prepared according to the Examples and Comparative Examples.

Referring to Figure 4, the general aluminum shows a tensile strength of about 100 ~ 150MPa, while the aluminum produced by miniaturizing the particles shows a tensile strength of less than 300MPa, in the case of the metal base composite according to an embodiment of the present invention It can be seen that the excellent tensile strength of about 350 ~ 500MPa.

As described above, the metal-based composite material 100 in which the nanofibers prepared according to the manufacturing method of the present invention is dispersed can be easily applied in a general industry because the process is simple, and the nanofibers 10 may be formed in the metal base. It can be uniformly dispersed in (20), it can exhibit excellent mechanical properties.

The foregoing is a description of specific embodiments of the present invention. The above embodiments according to the present invention are not to be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention or the matter disclosed for the purpose of description, and those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention various changes and modifications It should be understood that this is possible. It is therefore to be understood that all such modifications and alterations are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as disclosed in the following claims or their equivalents.

10: nanofiber (dispersion solution) 20: metal plate
100: metal base composite

Claims (10)

(a) preparing a nanofiber dispersion solution using a solvent;
(b) preparing two or more metal plates to apply the nanofiber dispersion solution to each of the metal plates to form a nanofiber layer;
(c) stacking two or more metal plates on which the nanofiber layer is formed, and laminating the metal plate and the nanofiber layer repeatedly; And
(d) rolling at least two metal plates on which the stacked nanofiber layers are formed;
Nanofiber-dispersed metal-based composite manufacturing method comprising a. The method of claim 1,
The solvent is a method of manufacturing a metal base composite dispersed in nanofibers, characterized in that water or an organic solvent. 3. The method of claim 2,
The organic solvent is a method for producing a metal-based composite material dispersed in the nanofiber, characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, acetones, dimethylformaldehyde. The method of claim 1,
The dispersion solution manufacturing method, the nanofiber-dispersed metal base composite manufacturing method, characterized in that using at least one selected from the group consisting of ultrasonic, roll mill, ball mill, jet mill and screw mixing. The method of claim 1,
Wherein the nanofiber, nanofiber dispersed metal base composite manufacturing method, characterized in that contained 1 ~ 10vol% with respect to the dispersion solution. The method of claim 1,
The nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, fullerenes, nanocarbon black and carbon fiber is a metal-based composite material manufacturing method, characterized in that the nanofiber is dispersed. The method of claim 1,
The metal plate is a metal-based composite material manufacturing method of the nanofibers, characterized in that plastic deformation is possible. The method of claim 7, wherein
The metal plate is nano-fiber dispersed metal base composite manufacturing method, characterized in that made of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, titanium and magnesium. The method of claim 1,
The coating is a method of manufacturing a metal-based composite material is nanofiber dispersed, characterized in that using a spray or roll coating method. The metal-based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the nanofibers are dispersed in which a metal plate and a nanofiber layer are repeatedly laminated and rolled.

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