KR101321635B1 - Injection device - Google Patents

Abstract

The cleaning module is used to spray the cleaning liquid into the flow path at a predetermined position in front of the nozzle ring 26, at a predetermined angle, with a constant or periodically varying water pressure. With the cleaning device according to the invention, uniform water distribution in the nozzle ring 26 or in the rotor blades 25 of the turbine impeller 24 is realized.

Description

Injection device {INJECTION DEVICE}

The present invention relates to an injection device for injecting a medium into a flow channel. Such injectors are used for injecting the cleaning medium into the flow path of the exhaust gas turbine of the turbocharger as a cleaning module, for example in the field of supercharged internal combustion engines.

Exhaust gas turbochargers are commonly used today to improve the performance of internal combustion engines, which have a compressor arranged upstream of the engine and a turbine in an exhaust train of the internal combustion engine connected thereto. . With the supercharging of the internal combustion engine, the amount of charge, and therefore the amount of fuel in the cylinders, increases, which results in a significant performance improvement. In some types of medium speed motors in the marine sector, heavy fuel oil HFO is used as fuel along with diesel fuel. Heavy oil (HFO) is distinguished by a large share of sulfur, vanadium, sodium, nickel, water and other elements. Compared with higher value fuels such as diesel or kerosene, in the combustion of HFOs, a very large share of hazardous deposits are present in the exhaust lines, in the flow area of the exhaust turbine, on the turbine blades, turbine channel contours. And in particular on the guide elements (guide vanes) of the guide device (nozzle ring) which are connected in series with the turbine blades in the flow passage. Sediments in the slender guide vane passages of the nozzle ring cause blockage of the flow cross section, impede the operational behavior of the turbine, and reduce the efficiency of the overall supercharge system. In addition, sediment on the channel walls reduces the gap between the turbine blade tip and the corresponding corresponding contour. Due to the continued contamination, and also with the thickening of the sediment, the blade ends of the turbine wear out. After cleaning (maintenance) of the turbocharger and removal of the deposit, too large tip clearance occurs, which can reduce the charger efficiency for other operations.

In order to ensure continuous smooth operation under full performance, contaminated parts, ie turbine blades, and in particular deposits from the guide elements of the guiding device, are regulated using a cleaning liquid injected into the exhaust stream in the flow path. Should be removed at regular intervals.

An axial turbine with a device for introducing a cleaning medium into the impeller channel is known from CH 335 901. In this case, a nozzle holder is formed which forms a ring, which is provided with outlet portions, guiding the cleaning medium, which is radially outside the flow path, at the inlet into the impeller channel of the turbine, from the guide vane holder. Are placed. The spacing to the guide vane holder, and the arrangement of the radially external nozzle holders, ensure that no thermal stresses are formed between the nozzle holder and the guide vane holder. Also, to ensure that the cleaning medium is dispensed before it hits the guide vanes in the flow, the nozzle holder and the nozzles for introducing the cleaning medium into the flow path are spaced from the guide vanes. However, this spacing from the guide vanes causes too much of the cleaning medium in the flow to dismantle, and therefore the cleaning action of the concentrated jet cannot be realized. Thus a targeted cleaning of the guide elements cannot be achieved.

Similar devices are known from DE 2 008 503. In this case, the cleaning liquid is radially injected into the flow at a large distance from the outside of the flow path.

A device for cleaning turbine blades of an exhaust gas turbocharger is known from DE 35 15 825, in which water is injected into the exhaust stream upstream of the guide elements using water injection nozzles. The water is led by high pressure-water supply through individual water injectors through the water supply line, which then delivers a suitable flow of droplets for cleaning. The water supply line, the water injectors, and the water injection nozzles are arranged outside of the housing parts forming the flow path, and are realized as separate parts.

A cleaning device for an exhaust gas turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger is known from EP 1 627 993 A1, which is used for spraying cleaning liquid into a ring-shaped flow path from a radial inner surface, which flows into the flow path upstream of the nozzle ring. Openings. In addition, the apparatus includes a hollow space for dispensing the cleaning liquid in the openings, and a supply line for supplying the cleaning liquid toward the hollow space.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a reliable injection device for injecting a medium into a flow path, which can be used as a simple and reliable cleaning device, especially in an exhaust gas turbine.

This is achieved according to the invention with an injection module, the injection module which at least partially surrounds the flow path, a hollow space for receiving the medium to be injected, and connecting the hollow space with the flow path, An exit opening for injecting the medium into the flow path, the outlet opening being closed using a pretensioned cover sheet, the cover sheet being more than within the hollow space. The application of high pressure separates the pretension and opens the outlet opening.

In a first embodiment of the spray module according to the invention, an outlet opening is provided between the supporting element and the cover sheet for ejecting the medium to be sprayed, the cover sheet being preliminary in the region of the outlet opening. Under tension, it rests on the support element guided to the edge of the flow path, so that the outlet opening is closed by the cover sheet between the support element and the cover sheet. Only when higher pressure is applied in the hollow space is the cover sheet separated from the support element against its pretension, thereby opening the outlet opening. At this moment, the medium to be injected flows from the hollow space through the outlet opening between the cover sheet and the support element into the flow path.

Optionally, the cover sheet can be clamped between the clamping element and the support element. The clamping element and the support element are then connected to each other in a formally and / or frictionally coupled manner (for example by screws or rivets) or secured to each other using a safety element that engages behind.

In a second embodiment of the spray module according to the invention, an outlet opening for ejecting the medium to be sprayed is provided between the two sheets, wherein the cover sheet is optionally under pretension in the region of the outlet opening, optionally It lies on a supporting sheet connected to the supporting element, so that the outlet opening is closed between the two sheets. The two sheets are optionally connected with the support element at their inner ends, which together form a hollow space. Upon application of higher pressure in the hollow space, the cover sheet separates from the support sheet against pretension, thereby opening the outlet opening. At this moment, the medium to be injected flows from the hollow space into the flow path through the outlet opening between the two sheets.

Optionally, one of the two sheets, or both, may be clamped between the clamping element and the support element. The clamping element and the support element are then connected to each other in a formally and / or frictionally coupled manner (for example by screws or rivets) or secured to each other using a safety element that engages behind.

Alternatively, the cover sheet or the support sheet may be welded or soldered to the support element or otherwise connected to the support element materially, shapely or frictionally.

Optionally, the cover sheet and the support sheet can be connected and formed from one sheet. Optionally, the support element can then be surrounded by this sheet.

Optionally, the inlet channel into the hollow space can be arranged at an angle so that the medium to be injected has a tangential component on and affects the medium when it is introduced into the hollow space, thereby An improved distribution of the medium to be injected of is achieved.

The injection module according to the invention can be used in axial flow turbines and radial or mixed flow turbines as cleaning modules, or in compressors, or in flow guide pipes present in the supercharging system connected thereto. Can be.

As a cleaning module in an exhaust gas turbine, the injection module according to the invention is used for injecting the cleaning liquid as the medium to be injected into the flow path with a constant or periodically varying pressure (wave) at a certain position in front of the nozzle ring. do. Because of this, the nozzle ring must be wetted and impurities must be removed.

In general, such cleaning modules can be used to clean the flow path of any line system, for example, guiding hot exhaust gases or highly contaminated air over short or long distances.

The support element, the clamping element, the cover sheet and the support sheet may at least partially surround the flow path in a ring shape or in a partial ring shape (annular segments), or in a ring or annular channel in a circle or in a partial circle. It can be placed inside of.

Other advantages are described in the dependent claims.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the injection module according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is an overall view of an exhaust gas turbocharger according to the prior art,
2 is a cross-sectional view of an axial turbine with a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention carried out according to the first embodiment,
3 is a detailed view of the cleaning device cut out of the axial turbine according to FIG. 2, FIG.
4 is a cross section of a mixed flow turbine with a cleaning device according to the invention, likewise carried out according to the first embodiment,
5 is a detailed view of the cleaning device cut out of the mixed flow turbine according to FIG. 4;
6 is an illustration of a truncated mixed flow turbine with a first variant of the cleaning module according to the invention, carried out in accordance with a second embodiment, FIG.
7 is an illustration of a truncated mixed flow turbine with a second variant of the cleaning module according to the invention, carried out according to the second embodiment.

The following examples show the injection device according to the invention as a cleaning module for an exhaust gas turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger. In this case, the concept of the cleaning module is used instead of the concept of the injection device. However, all features should also apply to the general embodiment as an injection device.

1 shows a conventional exhaust gas turbocharger with an exhaust gas turbine 20 and a compressor 10, and a bearing housing 50 disposed therebetween. The exhaust gas turbine includes a gas inlet housing 21, wherein hot exhaust gas passing through the gas inlet housing is supplied to a turbine wheel before being supplied to the exhaust system through the gas outlet housing 22. Flows into the bed and drives the turbine wheel. The turbine wheel is disposed at one end of the shaft rotatable about the axis A, and the shaft is rotatably mounted in the bearing housing 50. At the other end of the shaft is located a compressor wheel, the compressor wheel compresses the air sucked through the air inlet housing 11, and subsequently the air is collected in the air outlet housing 12, the combustion of the internal combustion engine Supplied to the chambers. In the embodiment shown, the turbine is an axial flow turbine. Alternatively, the exhaust gas can be guided to the turbine wheel in a strictly radial direction, or in a direction slightly inclined in the radial direction, in which case it is called a mixed-flow turbine.

The following figures show a first embodiment and a second embodiment of a cleaning device according to the invention, in which the cleaning device is a radial-flow turbine or a mixed flow turbine for an axial flow turbine. It consists of a number of components as a cleaning module for this purpose, the second embodiment is described with reference to the drawings for a radial or mixed flow turbine, but the same can be applied for an axial turbine. As the medium to be sprayed, a liquid, in particular water, or a compound of water and additives is used. However, as the medium to be injected, air, steam, or a mixture of the two mediums may be used.

In the axial turbine according to FIGS. 2 and 3, the cleaning module 40 according to the invention consists essentially of a support element 41 in the form of a ring or a partial ring, and a cover sheet 43. The cover sheet 43 is disposed with respect to the support element 41 such that the support element 41 and the cover sheet 43 surround a ring-shaped or partially ring-shaped hollow space 46. Optionally, the support element 41 has a profile defining the hollow space 46 on at least two sides, such that the cover sheet 43 extends over the hollow space 46 like a cover plate. The cover sheet lies on the support element on one side of the support element 41, wherein the support is carried out under pretension according to the invention. For this purpose, the cover sheet 43 is fixed to the support element 41 under deformation on the other side of the support element 41.

The cover sheet is clamped on the support element 41 in the axial direction, for example by means of a clamping element 42 in the form of a ring or part ring. The axial support surfaces of the cover sheet 43 at the inner and outer diameters of the support element 41 are moved slightly for this purpose by a predetermined length in the axial direction. In a subsequent assembly step, the support element 41 is tightened under the action of the bending stiffness of the cover sheet 43 with respect to the clamping element 42, so it is slightly bent. This results in the pre-tensioned support mentioned above in the region of the inner support surface. The clamping force of the sheet depends on the tightening distance, the selected sheet thickness or the material used.

Optionally, the ring or partial ring shaped safety element 44 can inhibit the relative movement of the components in the axial direction, thereby maintaining the pretension of the clamping assembly.

Optionally, the concentric position of the cover sheet 43 relative to the support element 41 can be ensured by the inner mounting of the ring-shaped clamping element 42.

In the cleaning of the exhaust turbine, the cleaning liquid, generally water, is injected into the hollow space 46 through a plurality of inlets, distributed around the periphery, ideally tangential to the perimeter. The cover sheet 43 is slightly tightened by the rising hydraulic pressure in the hollow space, so that the cover sheet is lifted out of the support element 41, and the outlet opening 47 is covered with the cover sheet 43 and the support element 41. Open in the form of an annular gap between the). Water leaks into the flow path through the annular gap, which extends to a minimum, and wets the contaminated nozzle ring 26 over its entire circumference. The hydraulic pressure goes down after the cleaning process is finished, so that the annular gap is closed and the penetration of contaminant particles into the interior of the cleaning module 40, in particular into the hollow space 46 is prevented.

The surface contour of the cover sheet 43 may be designed flat or may have a surface structure, but may also have local openings in the spraying direction, for example slots, through which water Can leak into the flow path at preferred locations. Alternatively, these slots may be provided in the support element 41.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3, the cleaning module according to the invention is arranged in the radially outer region of the flow path. If the flow path is ring-shaped, the flow path has a radial inner housing restriction, and therefore the cleaning module can likewise be arranged in this radially inner region of the flow path.

In the radial or mixed flow turbine according to FIGS. 4 and 5, the cleaning module according to the invention is in this case also a ring-shaped or partially ring-shaped support element 41, and an enclosing, self-closed or open cover sheet ( 43). This results in an outlet opening 47 in the form of an annular gap between the cover sheet 43 and the support element 41, through which water can be injected into the flow path. The bending rigidity of the cover sheet 43 and the water pressure generated in the hollow space 46 determine the height of the annular clearance. The thicker the cover sheet 43 is, the smaller the gap becomes, and the deeper the penetration depth of the water injected into the flow path at the same water pressure. After the cleaning process is finished, the pressure in the hollow space 46 is lowered again, thereby closing the outlet opening 47 and preventing contamination of the cleaning module. Any deposit that may be on the cover sheet 43, on the annular clearance 47 or on the support element 41, is broken through the bending movement of the cover sheet, and in this ideal case self cleaning of the cleaning module. -cleaning) effect is realized.

In the manufacture of the cleaning module according to the invention of this embodiment, the cover sheet 43 is pressed radially outward through plastic deformation in the region of the outlet opening 47. Subsequently, in the axial assembly of the cover sheet 43 and the support element 41, and in connection with this tightening of the cover sheet on the support element 41, the outlet opening 47 is produced in the assembled state. It is closed by pre-tensioning and no hydraulic pressure yet. For this reason, the demand for manufacturing tolerances of the cover sheet 43 and the support element 41 is not critical, and the function of the cleaning module according to the present invention is less affected by the achievable manufacturing dimensions.

Subsequently, the cover sheet 43 is tightened radially into the support element 41 by means of a clamping element 42 having a conical outer diameter, which is itself closed or open, and is fixed by the axial safety element 44. . Finally, the clamping assembly consisting of the support element 41, the cover sheet 43, the clamping element 42 and the safety element 44 is screwed into the turbine housing by a plurality of screws 60. The water supply into the hollow space 46 of the cleaning module according to the invention is carried out through one or a plurality of inlets 45 distributed around. The inlets should be designed as far as possible in the tangential direction, ie obliquely to the axial direction, towards the hollow space 46. This achieves good distribution of the water inside the hollow space 46 and even outflow of the washing water through the thin gap of the outlet opening 47 between the cover sheet 43 and the support element 41.

The surface contour of the cover sheet 43 may be designed even in this case, or may be designed with a surface structure.

In a second embodiment of the cleaning module according to the invention according to FIG. 6, a support sheet 411 is arranged as a support for the cover sheet 43 instead of the support element 41 guided to the edge of the flow path. The support sheet 411 can be considered as a flexible extension of the support element 41, which is itself part of the support element. The two sheets 43, 411 together with the support element 41 define a hollow space 46. The two sheets are pressed against each other under pretension.

Two sheets, namely the support sheet 411 and the cover sheet 43, are soldered or welded to the support element 41 at the corresponding soldering or welding portions 61. Optionally, the sheets can be secured to the support element 41 using a clamping element (not shown).

The two sheets, namely the support sheet 411 and the cover sheet 43, can be connected according to FIG. 7 to be produced from only one piece of sheet. For application in the case where the flow path guides hot gases, the cover sheet, and in some cases the support sheet, is preferably made of a high temperature resistant material. The sheet retains its shape, which is important for the device according to the invention even at high temperatures.

The cover sheet and the support sheet may be made of the same material, or may be made of materials with different properties, in particular with different coefficients of thermal expansion, whereby the pre-tension between the two sheets results in greater temperature variations. Can be maintained at To this end, the cover sheet and the support sheet may have different sheet thicknesses and / or surface structures.

For temperature adaptation in the area of the injector, during operation, gaseous media and liquid media or mixtures of the same or different temperatures and of the same or different thermal conductivity can be subsequently injected into the flow path through the injection module. . In this way, the cover sheet loses its shape by repeated temperature shock, and in some cases, it can be prevented that the pre-tension cannot be maintained continuously. That is, in a cleaning module for exhaust gas turbines in an exhaust gas turbocharger, for example, a cover sheet with warm water or air, heated by hot exhaust gas in the flow path, is subsequently subjected to cooler cleaning liquid to be injected into the flow path. Before it is cooled to a certain temperature.

10 compressor 11 air inlet housing
12 air outlet housing 20 exhaust gas turbine
21 gas inlet housing 22 gas outlet housing
23: diffuser 24: turbine wheel
25 rotor blade of turbine wheel 26 guide device, nozzle ring
30: shaft 40: cleaning module
41: support element 411: support sheet
42: clamping element 43: cover sheet
44: safety element 45: inlet
46: hollow space 47: outlet opening
48: fixed flange 49: fixed bore
50: bearing housing 60: fixing screw
61: soldering / welding part A: axis of rotation of the shaft

Claims (14)

A device for injecting a medium into a flow path, the device comprising: a hollow space 46 formed in a ring shape or a partial ring shape for receiving the medium, at least partially surrounding the flow path, and the hollow space ( In an apparatus comprising an outlet opening 47 for injecting the medium into the passage, connecting the outlet 46 to the passage, the outlet opening 47 is closed using an elastically deformed cover sheet 43. The cover sheet lies on the support element 41 under pretension, the cover sheet being disposed relative to the support element 41 to surround the hollow space 46, the cover sheet being hollow space 46. When the pressure is applied therein, the outlet opening 47 is separated from the support element against the pretension generated through the elastic deformation, and the outlet opening 47 is connected with the cover sheet 43. Device, characterized in that it opens in a form of annular gap between the support elements (41). 2. The cover sheet (43) according to claim 1, wherein the cover sheet (43) surrounds the hollow space (46) together with the support sheet (411), the cover sheet (43) under pretension in the region of the outlet opening (47). A device lying above the support element (41). delete 3. Device according to claim 2, wherein the cover sheet (43) and the support sheet (411) are fixed to the support element (41), which together with the support element surrounds the hollow space (46). 3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the cover sheet (43) and the support sheet (411) are connected and made from only one sheet. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the cover sheet (43) and the support sheet (411) are made from sheets with different material properties. delete A cleaning module for injecting a cleaning medium into a flow path, comprising the device according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4-6. Turbomachine comprising a cleaning module according to claim 8. Exhaust gas turbocharger comprising a compressor or an exhaust gas turbine with a cleaning module according to claim 8. A line system with at least one flow path, comprising the device according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4-6. A method for injecting a medium into a flow path using the device according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4 to 6, in which the method is adapted for temperature adaptation in the region of the cover sheet 43, A process in which different media with different thermal conductivity or media with different temperatures are subsequently introduced into the hollow space (46). 13. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the gas medium and the liquid medium are introduced one after another into the hollow space (46). 13. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that, among the media having different temperatures, a liquid medium having a high temperature and a liquid medium having a low temperature are introduced one after another into the hollow space (46).

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