JP2011518989A - Injection device - Google Patents

Abstract

The cleaning module is used to inject the cleaning liquid into the flow path at a predetermined position before the nozzle ring (26) at a preset angle and at a constant water pressure or a periodically changing water pressure. The cleaning device according to the invention achieves an even distribution of water in the nozzle ring (26) or the rotating blade (25) of the turbine wheel (24).
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an injection device for injecting a medium into a flow path. Such an injection device is used, for example, as a cleaning module for injecting a cleaning medium into a flow path of an exhaust gas turbine of a turbocharger in the field of a supercharged internal combustion engine.

  In order to increase the output of an internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas turbocharger with a compressor in front of the engine and a turbine coupled to the compressor is used in the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine today. . By supercharging the internal combustion engine, the filling amount and thus also the fuel amount is increased in the cylinder, which results in a significant increase in output. In addition to diesel fuel, heavy fuel oil (Heavy Fuel Oil HFO) is also used as fuel in the case of certain engine applications (medium speed engines) in the navy sector. Heavy oil (HFO) is characterized by sulfur, vanadium, sodium, nickel and water and other elements. In comparison to higher value fuels, such as diesel oil or kerosene, during combustion of HFO, in the exhaust gas pipe, and in the exhaust gas turbine flow region, turbine blades and contour sections of the turbine passageway, and In particular, an excessive proportion of harmful deposits occur in the guide elements (guide blades) of the guide device (nozzle ring) that precedes the turbine blade in the flow path. Deposits in the narrow passages of the nozzle ring, where the guide blades are provided, result in blockage of the channel cross-section, impairing the mode of operation of the turbine and reducing the efficiency of the entire supercharging system. Deposits in the passage walls further reduce play between the tips of the turbine blades and the corresponding conforming profile members. As the contamination progresses and deposits become thicker with contamination, the blade end of the turbine is noticeably worn away due to wear. After cleaning (maintenance) of the turbocharger and removal of deposits, too much play of the tip occurs. This may reduce the efficiency of the charger for further operation.

  In order to be able to guarantee a permanent failure-free operation at full power, the contaminated parts, i.e. the turbine blades of the guide device and in particular the deposits of the guide elements, must be regularly spaced. Open and must be removed by a cleaning liquid injected into the exhaust gas flow in the flow path.

  From Patent Document 1, an axial turbine having means for introducing a cleaning medium into a passage provided with blades is known. Here, a nozzle support means for carrying the cleaning medium, having an outlet point and forming a ring is disclosed. The nozzle support means is provided at a distance from the guide blade support means at the entrance to the passage of the turbine where the blades are provided, outside the inflow passage in the radial direction. The spacing from the guide blade support means and the installation of the nozzle support means on the radially outer side causes the thermal stress between the nozzle support means and the guide blade support means not to be formed. The nozzle support means and the nozzle for introducing the cleaning medium into the flow path are further provided at a distance from the guide blade. The purpose is to ensure that the cleaning medium can be dispersed in the flow before hitting the guide blade. However, this spacing from the guide blade can lead to the cleaning medium being decomposed too strongly in the flow and thus no focused beam cleaning action can be achieved. Thus, it is not possible to achieve a proper cleaning of the guide element.

  A similar device is known from US Pat. Similarly, the cleaning liquid is injected into the flow at a large interval from the radially outer side of the flow path.

  From patent document 3, an apparatus for cleaning turbine blades of an exhaust gas turbocharger is known. In this device, water is injected into the exhaust gas stream upstream of the guide element by means of a water injection nozzle. Water is guided from the high-pressure water supply device to individual water injection devices via water pipes. The water jet then provides the appropriate flow of droplets for cleaning. The water pipe, the water injection device, and the water injection nozzle are provided outside the housing portion that forms the flow path, and are realized as separate components.

From patent document 4, a cleaning device for an exhaust gas turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger is known. This cleaning device has an opening communicating with the flow channel upstream of the nozzle ring for injecting the cleaning liquid from the radially outer side to the annular flow channel. The apparatus further includes a cavity for dispersing the cleaning liquid in the opening and a supply pipe for supplying the cleaning liquid to the cavity.
Swiss Patent No. CH 335 901 German patent DE 2 008 503 German patent DE 35 15 825 European Patent Application Publication EP 1 627 993 A1 Specification

  The subject of this invention is providing the reliable injection apparatus for injecting a medium to a flow path. This injection device can be used as a simple and reliable cleaning device, particularly in an exhaust gas turbine.

  According to the invention, this is achieved by the following injection device. The injection device has a cavity that at least partially addresses the flow path for containing the medium to be injected, and an outlet opening that connects the cavity to the flow path for injecting the medium into the flow path. ing. The outlet opening is closed by a pre-tensioned cover sheet so that the cover sheet separates against prestress and opens the outlet opening when applying pressure above atmospheric pressure in the cavity. .

  In the first embodiment of the ejection module according to the present invention, an outlet opening for ejecting a medium to be ejected is provided between the support element and the cover sheet. The cover sheet is supported in the region of the outlet opening by a support element that extends to the edge of the channel by prestress. The outlet opening between the support element and the cover sheet is therefore closed by the cover sheet. Only when a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure is applied in the cavity, the cover sheet moves away from the support element against prestress, thereby opening the outlet opening. At this moment, the jetted medium flows from the cavity through the outlet opening between the cover sheet and the support element to the flow path.

  As an option, the cover sheet may be clamped between the clamping element and the support element. In this case, the clamping element and the support element are connected to each other by shape and / or force (for example by screws or rivets), or are fixed in contact with each other by a safety element gripping the rear.

  In the second embodiment of the ejection module according to the present invention, the outlet opening for ejecting the ejected medium is provided between the two sheets. The cover sheet is, as an option, a guide sheet that is coupled to the support element and is in the region of the outlet opening and is supported by prestress. Therefore, the exit opening is closed between the two sheets. As an option, the inner ends of the two sheets are coupled with a support element, which forms a cavity with the support element. When applying a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure in the cavity, the cover sheet separates from the guide sheet against prestress, thereby opening the outlet opening. At this moment, the ejected medium flows from the cavity through the outlet opening between the two sheets to the flow path.

  As an option, one or both of the two sheets may be clamped between the clamping element and the support element. The clamping element and the support element are in this case connected to each other by shape or by force (for example by screws or rivets), or fixed in contact with each other by a safety element gripping the rear.

  Instead, the cover sheet and / or guide sheet may be welded or soldered, or may be joined by other methods, materials, shapes or forces.

  As an option, the cover sheet and the guide sheet may be integrally formed from one sheet. In this case, as an option, the support element may be surrounded by this sheet.

  As an option, the inlet passage to the cavity may be provided at an angle. Therefore, as the injected medium enters the cavity, the medium is applied to the tangential component, thereby achieving improved dispersion of the injected medium in the cavity.

  The injection module according to the invention can be used as a cleaning module in axial turbines, for example in radial or mixed flow turbines or in compressors and in pipes that are connected to the turbine and compressor and direct the flow.

  As a cleaning module in an exhaust gas turbocharger, an injection module according to the present invention uses a cleaning liquid as a medium to be injected, at a predetermined position before a nozzle ring, at a steady pressure or a periodically changing pressure (pulsation). Used to inject into the flow path. This is intended to wet the nozzle ring and remove impurities.

  In general, such a cleaning module for cleaning the flow path of any guide system can be used. This guide system carries, for example, hot exhaust gases or strongly polluted air over short or long distances.

  The support element, the clamping element, the cover sheet or the guide sheet at least partly surrounds the flow path in an annular or partly annular form (as a ring element), or a circular or partly circular annular passage It may be provided inside.

  Other advantages are apparent from the dependent claims.

1 shows an overall view of an exhaust gas turbocharger based on the prior art. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an axial turbine having a cleaning device according to the present invention implemented based on a first embodiment. Fig. 3 shows a detailed view of the scavenging cleaning device of the axial turbine shown in Fig. 2; Similarly, sectional drawing of the mixed flow turbine which has the washing | cleaning apparatus based on this invention implemented based on 1st embodiment is shown. Fig. 5 shows a detailed view of the open scrubber of the mixed flow turbine shown in Fig. 4. FIG. 6 shows a view of an open mixed flow turbine representing a first variant of the cleaning module according to the invention implemented according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 shows a view of an open mixed flow turbine representing a second variant of the cleaning module according to the present invention implemented according to the second embodiment.

  Hereinafter, various embodiments of an injection module according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments show an injection device according to the present invention as a cleaning module for an exhaust gas turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger. In this case, the concept of a cleaning module is used instead of the concept of an injection device. However, all features are intended to apply to the general embodiment as an injector.

  FIG. 1 shows a conventional exhaust gas turbocharger having an exhaust gas turbine 20 and a compressor 10 and a bearing housing 50 provided therebetween. The exhaust gas turbine has a gas inflow housing 21. Through this gas inlet housing, hot exhaust gas flows towards the turbine wheel and drives the turbine wheel. The exhaust gas is then supplied to the exhaust system through the gas outlet housing 22. The turbine wheel is provided at one end of a shaft that can rotate about the axis A, and this shaft is rotatably attached to the bearing housing 50. At the other end of the shaft is a compressor wheel. The compressor wheel compresses the air sucked through the air inflow housing 11. The air is subsequently collected in the air outflow housing 21 and supplied to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. In the illustrated embodiment, the turbine is an axial turbine that is axially exposed to the exhaust gas flow. Instead, the exhaust gas could be sent to the turbine wheel in a strictly radial direction or in a slightly inclined direction with respect to the radial direction. In this case, it refers to a mixed flow turbine.

  The following drawings relate to an axial flow turbine and a radial turbine or mixed flow turbine, and relate to a first embodiment of a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention, which is composed of a plurality of components as a cleaning module, and to a radial turbine and a mixed flow turbine. And a second embodiment described only in one figure. However, radial turbines and mixed flow turbines can be fully used in place of axial turbines. As the medium to be ejected, a liquid, particularly water or a compound of water and an additive is usually used. However, it is possible to use air, water vapor or a mixture of both media as the ejected medium.

  In the case of the axial turbine shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cleaning module 40 according to the invention is first composed of an annular or partly annular support element 41 and a cover sheet 43. The cover sheet 43 is provided relative to the support element 41 so that the support element 41 and the cover sheet 43 surround an annular or partially annular cavity 46. In this case, as an option, the support element 41 has a shape that divides the cavity 46 on at least two sides so that the cover sheet 43 extends over the cavity 46 like a cover plate. In this case, the cover sheet is supported on one side of the support element 41 on this support element. This support is made under prestress in the present invention. For this purpose, the cover sheet 43 is attached to the support element 41 under deformation on the other side of the support element 41.

  The cover sheet is clamped in the axial direction of the support element 41 by, for example, an annular or partially annular clamping element 42. The axial support surfaces of the cover sheet 43 at the inner and outer diameters of the support element 41 are slightly shifted in the axial direction by a predetermined length for tightening. In the subsequent assembly stage, the support element 41 is fastened to the fastening element 42 according to the bending strength of the cover sheet 43. Therefore, the cover sheet bends slightly. In the region of the inner support surface, this results in the prestressed support. The clamping force of the sheet depends on the material used, according to the thickness of the selected sheet, during the extension stroke (Verspannweg).

  As an option, an annular or partially annular safety element 44 prevents relative movement of the components in the axial direction, thereby preserving the prestressing of the clamping assembly.

  As an option, the concentric position of the cover sheet 43 with respect to the support element 41 can be ensured by an inner seat of the annular clamping element 42.

  During the cleaning of the exhaust gas turbine, a cleaning liquid, usually water, is injected into the cavity 46 through a plurality of openings arranged in the periphery, ideally tangential to the circumferential surface. . The cover sheet 43 is slightly deformed by the rising water pressure in the cavity. Therefore, the cover sheet leaves the support on the support element 41 and an outlet opening in the form of an annular gap between the cover sheet 43 and the support element 41 opens. The water leaks through the minimally expanding annular gap into the flow path, wetting the dirty nozzle ring 26 over the entire circumference. After completion of the cleaning process, the water pressure decreases. Therefore, the annular ring is closed to prevent contamination particles from entering the cleaning module 40, particularly into the cavity 46.

  The surface structure of the cover sheet 43 can be designed to be smooth or with a certain surface structure, but it is possible to have local openings, for example slots, in the injection direction. Through the opening, it is possible for water to leak into the flow path at preferred locations. Alternatively, these slots can be formed in the support element 41.

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cleaning module according to the present invention is provided in a region on the radially outer side of the flow path. When the flow channel is annular, the cleaning module may likewise be provided in this radially inner region of the flow channel when it has a radially inner housing boundary.

  In the case of the radial and mixed flow turbines shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the cleaning module 40 according to the invention likewise has an annular or partly annular support element 41 and an annular, closed or open type. And a cover sheet 43. This creates an outlet opening 47 in the form of an annular gap between the cover sheet 43 and the support element 41. Water can be injected into the flow path through the outlet opening. The bending strength of the cover sheet 43 and the increased water pressure in the cavity 46 determine the level of the annular gap. The thicker the cover sheet 43, the smaller the gap even if the water pressure is the same, and the higher the degree of penetration of the water injected into the flow path. After completion of the cleaning process, the pressure in the cavity 46 also decreases. This closes the outlet opening 47 and prevents contamination of the cleaning module. In the unlikely event that a deposit occurs on the cover sheet 43, the annular gap 47 or the support element 41, the deposit will be broken by the curving action of the cover sheet, thus in the ideal case for the cleaning module. Self-cleaning action is achieved.

  In the manufacturing of the cleaning module according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the cover sheet 43 is pressed radially outward in the region of the outlet opening 47 by plastic deformation. Subsequently, when the cover sheet 43 is assembled with the support element 41 in the axial direction, and subsequently the cover sheet is tensioned onto the support element 41, the outlet opening 47 is in an assembled state due to increased prestress. Closed against water pressure, still lacking. Due to this, the demands on the manufacturing tolerances of the cover sheet 43 and of the support element 41 are not critical and the function of the cleaning module according to the invention is not significantly impaired due to the achievable processing dimensions.

  Furthermore, a cover sheet 43 having a conical outer diameter is clamped radially to the support element 41 by a closed or open clamping element 42 and is fixed by an axial safety element 44. The clamping assembly comprising the support element 41, the cover sheet 43, the clamping element 42 and the safety element 44 is locked to the turbine housing by a plurality of screws 60. Water is supplied to the cavity 46 of the cleaning module according to the present invention through one or a plurality of distributed inlets 45 on the peripheral surface. These inlets must be implemented as tangential as possible, and therefore at an angle in the axial direction towards the cavity 46. Thereby, a good distribution of the water in the cavity 46 is achieved by allowing the wash water to flow evenly through the narrow gap of the outflow opening 47 between the cover sheet 43 and the support element 41.

  The surface structure of the cover sheet 43 can likewise be implemented smoothly or with a certain surface structure.

  In the second embodiment of the cleaning module according to the present invention shown in FIG. 6, a guide sheet 411 is used as a support means for the cover sheet 43 instead of the support element 41 extending to the edge of the flow path. Is provided. This guide sheet 411 is regarded as a flexible extension of the support element 41 and is itself a part of the support element. The two sheets 43 and 411 together with the support element 41 define a cavity 46. The two sheets are pressed toward each other by prestress.

  The two sheets, namely the guide sheet 411 and the cover sheet 43, are brazed or welded to the support element 41 at corresponding brazing points or welding points. As an option, these sheets may be attached to the support element 41 by fastening elements (not shown).

  The two sheets, that is, the guide sheet 411 and the cover sheet 43 may be integrally manufactured from a single sheet as shown in FIG.

  For applications where the flow path carries hot gas, it is advantageous for the cover sheet and possibly the guide sheet to be made from a high temperature material. This material retains its own shape which is central to the device according to the invention, even at high temperatures.

  The cover sheet and the guide sheet may be manufactured from the same material or from materials having different properties, in particular different coefficients of thermal expansion. This makes it possible to maintain the prestress between the two sheets even when the temperature variation is large. For this purpose, the cover sheet and the guide sheet may have different sheet thicknesses and / or different surface structures.

  In order to regulate the temperature in the region of the injection device, during operation, a series of gaseous and liquid media or mixtures having the same or different temperatures and the same or different thermal conductivities are flowed by the injection module. Can be injected. This makes it possible to prevent the cover sheet from losing its shape due to repeated temperature shocks and thus possibly being unable to be maintained for a long period of prestress. In the case of a cleaning module for an exhaust gas turbine in an exhaust gas turbocharger, for example, the cover sheet heated on the basis of the hot exhaust gas in the flow path is cooled to a predetermined temperature with warm water or warm air, followed by Thus, a cooler cleaning liquid is sprayed into the flow path.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Compressor, 11 ... Air inflow housing, 12 ... Air outflow housing, 20 ... Exhaust gas turbine, 21 ... Gas inflow housing, 22 ... Gas outflow housing, 23 ... Diffuser, 24 ... Turbine wheel, 25 ... Rotating blade of turbine wheel , 26 ... guide device, nozzle ring, 30 ... shaft, 40 ... cleaning module, 41 ... support element, 411 ... guide sheet, 42 ... clamping element, 43 ... cover sheet, 44 ... safety element, 45 ... inflow port, 46 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Cavity, 47 ... Outlet opening, 48 ... Fixing flange, 49 ... Fixing hole, 50 ... Bearing housing, 60 ... Fixing screw, 61 ... Brazing place or welding place, A ... Rotation axis of a shaft.

Claims (14)

An apparatus for injecting a medium into a flow path, the cavity (46) for containing the medium at least partially surrounding the flow path, and the cavity for injecting the medium into the flow path ( 46) with an outlet opening (47) connecting to the flow path,
The outlet opening (47) is closed by a cover sheet (43) that is elastically deformed, and this cover sheet is elastically deformed when a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure is applied to the cavity (46). A device characterized in that it opens against the prestress generated and opens the outlet opening (47).   The cover sheet (43) together with the support element (41) surrounds the cavity (46), and the cover sheet (43) is pre-stressed in the region of the outlet opening (47) by the support element ( 41. The device according to claim 1, supported on 41).   The cover sheet (43) surrounds the cavity (46) together with the guide sheet (411), and the cover sheet (43) is pre-stressed in the region of the outlet opening (47). The device of claim 1, supported by   The device according to claim 3, wherein the cover sheet (43) and the guide sheet (411) are fixed to a support element (41) and together with the support element surround the cavity (46).   The device according to claim 3, wherein the cover sheet (43) and the guide sheet (411) are manufactured integrally from a single sheet.   The device according to claim 3, wherein the cover sheet (43) and the guide sheet (411) are manufactured from sheets having different material properties.   7. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity (43) is designed to be circular or partly circular or annular or partly annular.   A cleaning module for injecting a cleaning medium into a dew, comprising the device according to claim 1.   A fluid machine having the cleaning module according to claim 8.   An exhaust gas turbocharger provided with an exhaust gas turbine having a compressor or a cleaning module according to claim 8.   A guide system comprising the apparatus according to claim 1 and comprising at least one flow path. A method for injecting a medium into a flow path by an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
In order to adjust the temperature in the region of the cover sheet (43), different media having different thermal conductivities or media having different temperatures are introduced into the cavity (46) in sequence. how to.   13. A method according to claim 12, wherein a gaseous medium and a liquid medium are introduced into the cavity (46) in sequence.   13. The method according to claim 12, wherein a liquid medium having a high temperature and a liquid medium having a low temperature are introduced into the cavity (46) in sequence.

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