KR101271105B1 - Methods of recycling a catalyst - Google Patents

Abstract

In the method for regenerating a honeycomb catalyst, the spent catalyst is first washed with pure water bubbles. The first flushed spent catalyst is washed with bubbles of acidic or basic solution. The washed waste catalyst is washed second with pure air bubbles of 30 ° C to 90 ° C. On the second flushed spent catalyst, the active ingredient is coated using a mixed solution comprising vanadium pentoxide (V ₂ O ₅ ) and tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ). The cleaning process may be repeatedly performed using microbubbles to effectively remove the inert material, and then, by coating the active ingredient, a regeneration catalyst having high denitrification efficiency and low sulfur compound conversion may be prepared.

Description

Regeneration method of the catalyst {METHODS OF RECYCLING A CATALYST}

The present invention relates to a process for regenerating a catalyst. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for regenerating a denitration catalyst.

Denitrification catalyst for removing or purifying nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in exhaust gases generated from automobiles, thermal power plants, chemical plants, etc., and removing nitrogen oxides using a reducing agent such as ammonia (NH ₃ ) or urea. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are commercially available. As the SCR catalyst, a catalyst supporting a metal such as vanadium pentoxide (V ₂ O ₅ ) and tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ) using titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) as a support is widely used.

In addition, as the form of the SCR catalyst, a honeycomb form, a plate form, a corrugate form, and the like may be used. A honeycomb catalyst capable of securing a large specific surface area is commercially available.

Since vanadium and tungsten used in the SCR catalyst are expensive metals, there is a need to re-use SCR catalysts by reusing already used SCR catalysts in consideration of economical aspects and economical aspects. In order to regenerate and use the SCR catalyst, a process of removing inert materials including fly ash, heavy metals such as arsenic, alkali metals, dust, etc. deposited on the catalyst body and reproviding catalytic activity is provided. need.

In Patent Document 1 (Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-0038184), a mixed solution containing an ammonium metavanadate solution, ammonium paratungstate, and sulfuric acid solution is flowed into a waste catalyst to generate bubbles, thereby cleaning fly ash and alkali metals. Disclosed is an SCR catalyst regeneration process that elutes and simultaneously replenishes catalytic activity.

However, according to Patent Document 1, a problem may occur in which the active ingredient coats the inactive material by the mixed solution even before the inactive materials are removed, and the inactive material and the mixed solution may cause side reactions to generate salts. Moreover, there is a problem that it is uneconomical because the inert material is removed with a mixed solution containing expensive vanadium and tungsten.

Patent Document 1: Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2006-0038184 (May 3, 2006)

It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for catalytic regeneration that can improve denitrification efficiency.

However, the problem to be solved by the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned problem, and may be variously expanded within a range without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

According to the catalyst regeneration method according to the embodiments of the present invention to achieve the above object, the waste catalyst is first washed with pure water bubbles. The spent flushed spent catalyst is washed with bubbles of acidic or basic solution. The washed waste catalyst is washed secondly using pure air bubbles of 30 ° C to 90 ° C. On the second flushed spent catalyst, the active ingredient is coated using a mixed solution comprising vanadium pentoxide (V ₂ O ₅ ) and tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ).

According to exemplary embodiments, the spent catalyst may be a honeycomb type denitrification catalyst by selective catalytic reduction (SCR).

According to exemplary embodiments, the pure bubbles and the bubbles of the acidic or basic solution may be formed using compressed air passed through the porous body.

According to exemplary embodiments, the porous body may include holes having a diameter of 10 to 20 μm regularly arranged.

According to example embodiments, the bubbles may be dispersed using ultrasonic waves.

According to example embodiments, the mixed solution may include a vanadyl oxalate solution and an ammonium metatungstate (AMT) aqueous solution.

According to exemplary embodiments, the mixed solution may include 0.5 to 3 wt% of vanadium pentoxide and 1 to 6 wt% of tungsten oxide based on the total weight of the mixed solution.

According to exemplary embodiments, sulfuric acid solution and ammonia water may be used as the acidic solution and the basic solution, respectively, and the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution and the ammonia water may be 0.5% by mass to 1.5% by mass, respectively.

According to exemplary embodiments, a drying process may be further performed on the second washed waste catalyst.

As described above, according to the catalyst regeneration method according to the embodiment of the present invention, after the inert material is removed from the spent catalyst through a washing process, the catalytic activity may be supplemented with a mixed solution including V ₂ O ₅ and WO ₃ . . Therefore, the use of expensive catalyst metal can be reduced and economical, and the mixed solution can be coated or side reactions can be prevented from forming by-products on the inert materials remaining in the spent catalyst.

In addition, since the cleaning process is repeatedly performed in a multi-step process, various inert materials can be efficiently removed.

1 is a flowchart illustrating a catalyst regeneration method according to exemplary embodiments.
2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a catalyst regeneration apparatus according to exemplary embodiments.

Hereinafter, a catalyst regeneration method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of the structures are enlarged to illustrate the present invention in order to clarify the present invention.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present application, the terms "comprising ", or" having ", and the like, are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, or combinations thereof, , Steps, operations, elements, or combinations thereof, as a matter of principle, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in the commonly used dictionaries should be construed as having meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the related art and shall not be construed in ideal or excessively formal meanings unless expressly defined in this application. Do not.

1 is a flowchart illustrating a catalyst regeneration method according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the catalyst regeneration method includes a cleaning process S10 and an active ingredient coating process S20. An inert substance such as fly ash, dust, heavy metal, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, sulfur compound, etc. deposited on the spent catalyst may be removed by the cleaning process S10.

Examples of the spent catalysts include SCR honeycomb catalysts that have undergone flue gas denitrification in thermal power plants, automobiles, ships, incinerators, chemical plants, and the like.

According to exemplary embodiments, the cleaning process S10 may include a first washing step S11, a washing step using an acidic solution or a basic solution (S12), and a second washing step (S12).

In the first washing step (S11), the waste catalyst is washed with pure water. Fly ash or dust deposited on the spent catalyst may be removed by the first washing (S11).

The waste catalyst in which the first washing (S11) is terminated is washed using an acidic solution or a basic solution (S12). By the washing step, inert materials including alkali metals such as Na and K, alkaline earth metals such as Mg and Ca, heavy metals such as arsenic and sulfur compounds such as SO ₂ or SO ₃ may be removed to reduce the catalytically active site. have.

According to exemplary embodiments, an aqueous sulfuric acid solution may be used as the acidic solution, and ammonia water may be used as the basic solution. The concentration of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution and ammonia water may have a value in the range of 0.5% by mass to 1.5% by mass. When the concentration is less than 0.5% by mass, the washing effect of the inert material is inferior, and when the concentration is more than 1.5% by mass, it is not preferable because even active metals such as vanadium or tungsten contained in the spent catalyst can be removed together.

The waste catalyst washed with an acidic or basic solution is subjected to secondary washing (S13) using pure water. The secondary water washing can remove the acidic or basic solution and the remaining inert substances remaining in the spent catalyst.

In exemplary embodiments, the second washing may be performed using hot water of 30 ° C to 90 ° C.

According to exemplary embodiments, each step of S11 to S13 may be performed using microbubbles of pure water or microbubbles of an acidic or basic solution.

2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a catalyst regeneration apparatus according to exemplary embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 2, the catalyst regeneration apparatus 10 includes a waste catalyst accommodating part 20 and a microbubble generating part 40. The waste catalyst 25 to be regenerated is accommodated in the waste catalyst accommodating part 20, and in particular, an SCR honeycomb catalyst having undergone denitrification may be accommodated. The waste catalyst is immersed in the cleaning solution 30 and accommodated in the waste catalyst accommodating part 20. The cleaning solution 30 may include pure water, an acidic solution such as sulfuric acid, or a basic solution such as ammonia water.

The waste catalyst accommodating part 20 may be configured to communicate with the cleaning solution supply line 15 and the cleaning solution discharge line 65 to enable continuous replacement of the cleaning solution 30.

The microbubble generating unit 40 communicates with the waste catalyst accommodating unit 20 to generate microbubbles of the cleaning solution 30. The microbubble generating unit 40 may include a porous body. According to exemplary embodiments, fine holes having a diameter of about 10 μm to 20 μm may be regularly formed in the porous body.

When compressed air is injected into the microbubble generating unit 40 through the air injecting unit 60, the compressed air passes through the porous body to generate microbubbles of the cleaning solution 30, thereby improving the effectiveness of the waste catalyst cleaning. You can. In particular, it is possible to generate micro-sized bubbles by passing through micro holes having a diameter of about 10 μm to 20 μm, and to effectively remove inert materials deposited in fine pores of the waste catalyst.

In example embodiments, the catalyst regeneration apparatus 10 may further include an ultrasonic wave generator disposed adjacent to the microbubble generator 40. After the microbubbles are generated by the porous body, the microbubbles may be dispersed throughout the waste catalyst by applying waves or energy to the microbubbles through an ultrasonic generator.

In example embodiments, a drying process may be further performed on the spent catalyst having the cleaning process S10 completed. The drying process may be performed using hot air at 40 ° C to 90 ° C. Since NH ₃ , alkali metal or alkaline earth metal which may remain in the spent catalyst may react with water to generate salt, it is preferable to completely remove water on the spent catalyst through the drying process.

Subsequently, a regenerated catalyst is prepared by coating (S20) an active ingredient on the washed waste catalyst.

According to exemplary embodiments, the spent catalyst, which has undergone the cleaning process, is dipped into a coating solution in which a first solution containing vanadium pentoxide (V ₂ O ₅ ) and a second solution containing tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ) are mixed. The active ingredient can be coated by dipping.

Ammonium vanadate (AMV) or sodium metavanadate solution may be used as a coating solution for replenishing vanadium pentoxide. However, AMV solution is difficult to form an aqueous solution at room temperature, and sodium metavanadate solution has a problem that sodium ions (Na ⁺ ) bind to the catalyst surface or form a salt to reduce the catalytic activity.

Thus, according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a vanadyl oxalate solution in which vanadium pentoxide is dissolved in an oxalic acid solution is used as the first solution for replenishing vanadium pentoxide.

On the other hand, the denitrification efficiency can be increased by supplementing the spent catalyst with vanadium pentoxide, but at the same time, the conversion of sulfur compounds (for example, conversion of SO ₂ to SO ₃ ) may also be increased. The second solution can be used simultaneously.

According to exemplary embodiments, an aqueous solution of ammonium metatungstate (AMT), an aqueous solution of ammonium paratungstate (APT), or a monoethanolamine (MEA) solution may be used as the second solution. .

In example embodiments, the content of the vanadium pentoxide may be 0.5 to 3% by weight, and the content of tungsten oxide may be 1 to 6% by weight based on the total weight of the coating solution mixed with the first and second solutions.

When the content of the vanadium pentoxide is less than 0.5% by weight, the denitrification efficiency may decrease, and when the content of the vanadium pentoxide exceeds 3% by weight, the conversion rate of the sulfur compound may be increased. In addition, when the content of the tungsten oxide is less than 1% by weight, it is difficult to suppress the sulfur compound conversion rate increase, when the content of more than 6% by weight is uneconomical.

The pH of the coating solution may be appropriately adjusted to prevent the weakening of the catalyst strength and to suppress the increase in sulfur compound conversion. According to exemplary embodiments, the pH of the coating solution may be adjusted in the range of 3 to 6.

By supplementing the active ingredient with the coating solution, the spent catalyst can be formed into a reusable catalyst. On the other hand, the drying or firing process may be further performed for the regeneration catalyst performed up to the step S20.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples and comparative examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

1) Evaluation of cleaning process efficiency

Example 1

The waste catalyst which passed through the denitrification process was collected and a cleaning process was performed. The SO ₃ content and specific surface area of the spent catalyst were 1.2 wt% and 68.5 m ² / g, respectively, and the SO ₃ content and specific surface area after denitrification (before regeneration) were 6.8 wt% and 23.7 m ² / g, respectively. Was measured.

A cleaning process was performed on the spent catalyst. Specifically, primary water washing was performed for 90 minutes by applying ultrasonic waves to pure water formed of microbubbles using compressed air passing through the porous body having a pore size of 10 μm and dispersing the waste catalyst on the spent catalyst. Thereafter, 0.5% by weight of ammonia water was also microbubbled in the same manner as described above, and then dispersed by ultrasonic waves to wash the spent catalyst for 90 minutes.

Example 2

The same process as in Example 1 was performed except that a sulfuric acid solution of 0.5 wt% was used instead of ammonia water.

Example 3

After performing the same process as in Example 2, the hot water microbubbles at 70 ° C. were formed through the porous body, and then ultrasonically dispersed, and the second catalyst was washed with the waste catalyst for 30 minutes.

Comparative Example 1

For the same spent catalyst used in Example 1, only the first washing with pure microbubbles was performed for 90 minutes.

Comparative Example 2

Instead of washing the spent catalyst with ammonia-water microbubbles, it was washed by dipping the spent catalyst in ammonia water. The rest of the process was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.

Comparative Example 3

Instead of washing the spent catalyst with sulfuric acid solution microbubbles, it was washed by dipping the spent catalyst into the sulfuric acid solution. The rest of the process was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2.

The results of re-measuring SO ₃ content and specific surface area of the waste catalysts washed according to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1 below.

[Table 1]

Referring to Table 1, in the case of Examples 1 and 2 washed with ammonia water or sulfuric acid solution microbubble after the first washing, the SO ₃ content of the spent catalyst was reduced by about 1/2 than before regeneration, and the specific surface area was also used. About 70% of the total specific surface area was recovered. In particular, in Example 3, which was further subjected to the second washing with hot water microbubbles, the content of SO ₃ was reduced to about one third of that before regeneration, and more than 90% of the specific surface area was recovered before use.

However, in the case of Comparative Example 1, which performed only the first water washing, the specific target was hardly increased than before regeneration, and in the case of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 dipped in ammonia water or sulfuric acid solution, In comparison, it can be seen that the specific surface area increase is measured to be low.

2) Performance Evaluation of Regenerated Catalyst

Experimental Example 1 Performance Evaluation According to Vanadium Dioxide Content Change

Denitrification efficiency and sulfur compound conversion (SO ₂ → SO ₃ ) after regeneration were measured for the spent catalysts washed by the method of Example 3 using a coating solution in which a vanadil oxalate solution and an AMT aqueous solution were mixed. At this time, the tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ) content in the coating solution was fixed to 1.5% by weight and the denitrification efficiency and sulfur compound conversion were calculated while changing the vanadium pentoxide (V ₂ O ₅ ) content, and the results are shown in Table 2 below. Shown in

[Table 2]

Experimental Example  2: Performance Evaluation According to Tungsten Oxide Change

The vanadium pentoxide content was fixed at 1.0% by weight, and the denitrification efficiency and sulfur compound conversion were measured in the same manner as in Experiment 1 while changing the tungsten oxide content. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

[Table 3]

Referring to Table 2, it can be seen that when the content of vanadium pentoxide is 1.2 to 1.5% by weight, the denitrification efficiency was maintained at 98% or more, and the sulfur compound conversion was suppressed to less than 1%. Referring to Table 3, tungsten oxide In the case where the content is in the range of 3.5% by weight to 5.0% by weight, it can be seen that the denitrification efficiency was maintained at 96% or more and the sulfur compound conversion was effectively suppressed to less than 0.6%.

3) Measurement of catalyst composition after washing

The waste catalyst was washed in the same manner as in Example 3, except that 1 wt% sulfuric acid solution was used. The catalyst composition was then compared after coating the active ingredients on the spent catalyst cleaned using a coating solution comprising 1.0 wt% vanadium pentoxide and 1.5 wt% tungsten oxide. The results are shown in Table 4 below.

[Table 4]

Referring to Table 3, it can be seen that after washing, the composition of inactive substances such as sulfur compounds, arsenic compounds, alkali metals or alkaline earth metal compounds decreased while the contents of active ingredients such as tungsten oxide, titanium dioxide, and vanadium pentoxide increased.

As mentioned above, according to this invention, a regeneration catalyst can be manufactured by replenishing an active ingredient, after removing the inert substance on a waste catalyst by a washing | cleaning process. In particular, when replenishing the active ingredient, by appropriately adjusting the content of vanadium pentoxide and tungsten oxide, it is possible to restore the denitrification efficiency while maintaining a low sulfide conversion rate.

In addition, when the washing process is performed, the first washing, the acidic or basic solution washing and the third washing are carried out step by step, and by dispersing the microbubbles formed from the porous body by ultrasonic waves, the inert material deposited in the pores of the spent catalyst can be effectively Can be removed

According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method capable of effectively regenerating a selective reduction catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases generated in automobiles, power plants, chemical plants, and the like.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It will be understood that the invention may be modified and varied without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

i) first washing the SCR spent catalyst using pure water bubbles;
ii) washing the first flushed spent catalyst with bubbles of an acidic solution or a basic solution;
iii) washing the spent catalyst secondly with pure water at 30 ° C to 90 ° C; And
iv) 0.5-3 wt% of vanadium pentoxide (V ₂ O ₅ ) dium pentoxide and 1-6 wt% of tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ) of the total weight of the mixed solution on the _second flushed spent catalyst Coating the active ingredient using a mixed solution comprising the step of regenerating the catalyst. The method of regenerating a catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the SCR spent catalyst is a honeycomb type denitrification catalyst by selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The method of regenerating a catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the pure bubbles and the bubbles of the acidic or basic solution are formed using compressed air that has passed through the porous body. The method of regenerating a catalyst according to claim 3, wherein the porous body includes holes having a regularly arranged diameter of 10 to 20 mu m. The method of regenerating a catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the steps i) to iii) are performed by dispersing the bubbles using ultrasonic waves. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed solution comprises a vanadyl oxalate solution and an aqueous ammonium metatungstate (AMT) solution. delete The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed solution comprises 1.2 to 1.5 wt% of vanadium pentoxide and 3.5 to 5 wt% of tungsten oxide, based on the total weight of the mixed solution. The sulfuric acid solution and ammonia water are used as the acidic solution and the basic solution, respectively.
The concentration of the sulfuric acid solution and the ammonia water is 0.5 mass% to 1.5 mass%, respectively. The method of regenerating a catalyst according to claim 1, further comprising, after step iii), drying the secondary flushed spent catalyst.

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