KR101269324B1 - Combustible Waste Gasification apparatus and, method for manufacturing adsorbent by thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is characterized in that the pyrolysis apparatus is provided with steam generated from a waste heat boiler to activate a char generated as a by-product in the process of pyrolyzing combustible waste, and a zeolite material synthesized between the activated char surface or pores is supported, And an adsorbent to which ion exchange performance is imparted, and a method for producing char from the adsorbent using the apparatus.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a flammable waste gasification apparatus and a method for producing the same from an adsorbent,

The present invention relates to a flammable waste gasification apparatus and a method of manufacturing the char by the apparatus and, more particularly, to a method of producing a combustible waste gasification apparatus by activating an inert char and carrying a synthesized zeolite material between activated char surfaces or pores The present invention relates to a combustible waste gasification apparatus which can be used as an adsorbent by imparting adsorptivity and ion exchange performance, and a method for producing char from the adsorbent by the apparatus.

Generally, as one of the methods of treating wastes, there is a method of disposing of incineration using an incinerator. This incineration treatment method can reduce the volume and weight of the waste rather than the landfill method, but air pollutants are generated and it is difficult to thoroughly prevent pollution.

The incineration apparatus, that is, the gasification apparatus for flammable waste, includes a pretreatment facility for uniformly supplying flammable waste to an incinerator together with an incinerator, a waste heat boiler for recovering the heat of the exhaust gas and cooling the exhaust gas, Gas treatment facility, and so on.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a conventional flammable waste gasification apparatus. As shown in Fig. 1, there is shown a waste gas supply apparatus 10 for supplying flammable waste and an oxygen- And a pyrolysis apparatus 20 of a rotary kiln type which indirectly heats and pyrolyzes in the state of the pyrolysis.

Here, in the process of pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis apparatus 20, a char 90, which is a combustible gas and a carbide, is produced as a by-product.

Thus, the flammable waste gasification apparatus includes a combustion apparatus 30 that receives and completely burns a combustible gas, and further includes a waste heat boiler 50, a dryer 60, gas circulation means 72, 74, 76, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 80 < / RTI >

The waste heat boiler 50 receives combustion gas from the combustion device 30 to generate steam and the dryer 60 dries the combustible waste before the gasification step of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis device 20, The apparatus 10 functions to supply the combustible waste dried by the dryer 60 to the pyrolysis apparatus 20.

The gas circulating means 72, 74 and 76 circulate a part of the combustion gas discharged from the combustion device 30 sequentially through the pyrolysis apparatus 20 and the drier 60 and then return to the combustion apparatus 30 And the heat exchanger 80 circulates the gas (waste gas) returned to the combustion device 30 by the gas circulation means 72, 74 and 76 and the external air (combustion air) supplied to the combustion device 30 Heat exchange occurs.

In the flammable waste gasification apparatus having the above-described configuration, as described above, in the process of pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis apparatus 20, a char 90, which is a combustible gas and a carbide, is produced as a by-product.

Since the char 90 produced here has a high content of carbon in its constituents, it can be used as a soaking agent, but it is discharged in an inactive state. Therefore, in order to use it as a soaking agent, it must undergo physical or chemical treatment for activation, There has been a problem that the equipment cost is increased due to expansion of the chemical treatment facility.

Further, even if the activated char is obtained through the physical or chemical treatment process, the performance of the char is lower than that of the activated carbon provided as a conventional adsorptive agent, and the utilization thereof is not high.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a pyrolysis apparatus and a pyrolysis apparatus, Or a chemical treatment process, thereby ultimately reducing the production cost, and a method of manufacturing the char by using the charger as the adsorbent.

In addition, the present invention is characterized in that components such as silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al), which are constituents of char, are synthesized with a zeolite material and carried on the surfaces and pores of activated char to thereby provide adsorption performance and ion exchange performance, There is also an object in providing a method for manufacturing.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a flammable waste gasification apparatus comprising: a waste supply device for supplying flammable waste; A pyrolysis apparatus for pyrolyzing combustible waste provided from the waste supply apparatus; A combustion device for completely burning a combustible gas generated as pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis device; A waste heat boiler for generating steam by receiving combustion gas from the combustion apparatus; And a char activation tank for supplying an inert char generated as a by-product as pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis device, and activating the char by receiving steam from the waste heat boiler.

In this case, it is preferable that the char activation vessel contains a char activation mixture which activates the inert char and the zeolite material is synthesized to be supported between the surface of the activated char or the pores.

The char activation mixture is preferably a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al), more preferably sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide (KOH) 30 ~ 100% by weight, of sodium silicate _{(Na 2 SiO 3) 0 ~} 35 % by weight of sodium aluminate (NaAlO ₂₎ 0 ~ 35 the mixture or blend to the weight% ratio of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) 30 ~ 100% by weight, of sodium silicate _{(Na 2 SiO 3) 0 ~} 35 % by weight of sodium aluminate (NaAlO ₂₎ 0 ~ 35% by weight ratio of the gel-like mixture of water in the mixed powder to It is advisable to apply a mixture.

In addition, it is preferable that steam is supplied from the waste heat boiler to the char activation tank at a temperature of 300 to 350 ° C for a set time.

Meanwhile, the method for producing char from the combustible waste gasification apparatus by the combustible waste gasification apparatus according to the present invention comprises the steps of: (a) combusting combustible waste with pyrolysis by a pyrolysis apparatus; Supplying an inert char generated as a by-product to the char activation tank; (b) supplying hot steam from the waste heat boiler to the char activation tank; (c) a step in which the activated char supplied to the char activation vessel is activated by the char activation mixture and steam contained in the char activation vessel, and the zeolite material synthesized between the surfaces or pores of the activated char is supported .

Here, the tank wherein (a) the previous steps, the char activation, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) 30 ~ 100% by weight, of sodium silicate _{(Na 2 SiO 3) 0 ~} 35 % by weight, sodium aluminate (NaAlO ₂₎ 0 ~ mixed with 35% by weight ratio or a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) 30 ~ 100% by weight, of sodium silicate _{(Na 2 SiO 3) 0 ~} 35 % by weight, sodium aluminate (NaAlO ₂ ) in an amount of 0 to 35% by weight based on the total weight of the powder mixture.

In addition, it is preferable that steam is supplied from the waste heat boiler to the char activation tank at a temperature of 300 to 350 ° C for a set time, and the set time is preferably set to 6 to 24 hours.

As described above, according to the combustible waste gasification apparatus and the method of manufacturing the char by the adsorbent according to the present invention, the char produced as a by-product in the pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis apparatus is generated in the waste heat boiler Activated steam, thereby reducing the equipment required for the physical or chemical treatment process for the activation of the char, which in turn reduces the production cost.

In addition, components such as silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al), which are constituent components of char, are synthesized as a zeolite material and carried on the surfaces and pores of the activated char, whereby adsorption performance and ion exchange performance are imparted, The adsorbent thus manufactured can be applied as a filling material to an incinerator and a gasification furnace which are operated at a high temperature, thereby improving the removal efficiency according to adsorption of tar.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional flammable waste gasification apparatus. FIG.
2 is a configuration diagram of a flammable waste gasification apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the char activation tank in Fig. 2; Fig.
4 and 5 are SEM photographs of a zeolite material carried on the char surface activated by the flammable waste gasification apparatus according to the present invention.
6 is a graph showing the results of XRD analysis in a state in which a zeolite material is carried on activated char surfaces.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a flammable waste gasification apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a char activation tank in FIG.

In the following description of the present invention, the same components as those in the conventional art will be denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown, the combustible waste gasification apparatus according to the present invention comprises a waste supply apparatus 10 for supplying flammable waste, and indirectly heating the combustible waste supplied from the waste supply apparatus 10 in an anaerobic or hypoxic state And a pyrolysis apparatus 20 of a rotary kiln type pyrolysis type.

Here, in the process of pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis apparatus 20, a char which is a combustible gas and a carbide is produced as a by-product.

Thus, the flammable waste gasification apparatus includes a combustion apparatus 30 that receives and completely burns a combustible gas, and further includes a waste heat boiler 50, a dryer 60, gas circulation means 72, 74, 76, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 80 < / RTI >

The waste heat boiler 50 receives combustion gas from the combustion device 30 to generate steam and the dryer 60 dries the combustible waste before the gasification step of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis device 20, The apparatus 10 functions to supply the combustible waste dried by the dryer 60 to the pyrolysis apparatus 20.

The gas circulating means 72, 74 and 76 circulate a part of the combustion gas discharged from the combustion device 30 sequentially through the pyrolysis apparatus 20 and the drier 60 and then return to the combustion apparatus 30 And the heat exchanger 80 circulates the gas (waste gas) returned to the combustion device 30 by the gas circulation means 72, 74 and 76 and the external air (combustion air) supplied to the combustion device 30 Heat exchange occurs.

Meanwhile, in the process of pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis apparatus 20, the char generated as a by-product is supplied and the steam generated by the waste heat boiler 50 is supplied to activate the inactive char And further includes a char activation tank 100.

The char activating tank 100 contains a mixture 110 for activating the inert tars 90 generated during the pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis apparatus 20.

The char activation mixture 110 consists of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) The silicon (Si), and the aluminum (Al) components 110 may be contained in the char activation chamber 100 in a powder state or may be mixed with water to be immersed in a gel state. Details will be described below.

A method of producing char as an adsorbent using the combustible waste gasification apparatus having the above-described structure will be described as follows.

The char 90, which is a carbide produced as a byproduct in the pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis apparatus 20, is composed of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), silicon (Si) Is supplied to the char activation tank 100 in which the mixture 110 is placed.

Here, the char 90 is composed of the following components as shown in the following table, indicating that zeolite synthesis is possible.

Constituent Content (% by weight) C 29.96 O 35.31 Na 1.24 Mg 1.15 Al 6.58 Si 7.53 P 0.90 S 0.92 Cl 2.96 K 0.26 Ca 10.35 Ti 0.80 Fe 2.03

In other words, as shown in the table above, it can be seen that the char (90) is composed of Na, K, Al, Si, and O components uniformly distributed in the zeolite synthesis.

However, the skeleton of the zeolite materials of construction is silicon (Si) and aluminum addition of sodium silicate to (Al) component because it is within 6-8% of the total weight of increasing the amount of synthesized zeolite (Na ₂ SiO _3), sodium aluminate (NaAlO ₂ ) is preferably implanted.

In addition, since sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) used as a zeolite skeleton inducing material is also used as an activator of char, sodium charcoal (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) (Si), and a mixture (110) of aluminum (Al) components.

Thus, char activation mixture 110, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or hydroxide karyum (KOH) 30 ~ 100% by weight, of sodium silicate _{(Na 2 SiO 3) 0 ~} 35 % by weight of sodium aluminate (NaAlO ₂₎ 0 ~ By weight and 35% by weight, respectively.

As described above, when the pyrolysis apparatus 20 pyrolyzes combustible waste, the char 90, which is a carbide produced as a byproduct, is mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), silicon (Si) ) Is supplied to the char activation tank 100 in which the char activation mixture 110 of the activated charcoal mixture 110 is contained and mixed in evenly and the high temperature steam generated in the activation tank 100 through the waste heat boiler 50 is supplied for a set time It was found that the activated zeolite material was supported on the surface or the pores of the activated char.

Here, the temperature of the steam supplied through the waste heat boiler 50 is preferably 150 to 700 ° C., more preferably 350 to 500 ° C., and the reaction time according to the steam supply time Further, it is preferable that the reaction time is 1 to 24 hours, more preferably, the optimal reaction time is 6 to 24 hours.

The zeolite materials were synthesized in the same manner as described above. As a result, it was found that hydroxy sodalite, sodalite, zeolite A, zeolite Y, faujasite-Na, A zeolite material such as hydroxy cancrinite was synthesized.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are SEM images of the zeolite material carried on the char surface activated by the flammable waste gasification apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a SEM photograph showing the XRD FIG.

As described above, the char activated by the flammable waste gasification apparatus according to the present invention, on which the zeolite material is supported on its surface, has a high adsorption performance and ion exchange capacity, and thus is very likely to be used as an adsorbent.

For example, in order to produce energy by applying a gas turbine or a gas engine in an energy conversion process through combustible waste or biomass gasification, tar removal is essential.

In the gasification process, tar means a substance capable of condensing in organic gasification products in a broad sense, and usually refers to aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene.

Conventionally, a physical removal method such as wet cleaning and filtration has been widely used in the post-gasification process for removing tar, but the efficiency of the combined gasification process due to the generation of waste water, cooling and reheating is reduced, In order to compensate, the catalyst was used in conjunction with the high temperature reforming method.

Recently, zeolite material, calcined dolomite, dolomite, olivine, and Ni catalyst have been used instead of silica sand to remove tar generated during operation of fluidized bed and fixed bed gasification furnaces. However, it has been difficult to apply the technology because of shortening of the lifetime of the catalyst and lack of strength due to rapid deactivation due to the characteristics of the incinerator and gasification furnace operated at high temperature.

Particularly, zeolite has characteristics such as molecular sieve and solid acid, and is considered to be highly applicable to tar removal. However, since it is inactivated due to characteristics of incinerator and gasification furnace operated at high temperature, it is difficult to apply zeolite .

However, when the flammable waste gasification apparatus according to the present invention and the charger activated by the apparatus and charged with the zeolite material are charged as an adsorbent on an incinerator and a gasifier operated at a high temperature, the removal efficiency due to the adsorption of tar It can be greatly improved.

The technical ideas described in the embodiments of the present invention as described above may be performed independently of each other, or may be implemented in combination with each other. While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is possible. Accordingly, the technical scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

10: waste supply device 20: pyrolysis device
30: Combustion apparatus 50: Waste heat boiler
60: dryer 72, 74, 76: gas circulation means
80: Heat exchanger 90: Char
100: activating group 110: mixture

Claims (10)

A dryer for drying flammable waste;
A waste supply device for supplying flammable waste;
A pyrolysis device for pyrolyzing combustible waste provided from the waste supply device;
A combustion device for completely burning a combustible gas generated as pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis device;
A waste heat boiler for generating steam by receiving combustion gas from the combustion apparatus;
A gas circulating means for circulating a part of the combustion gas discharged from the combustion device so as to return to the combustion device after sequentially passing through the pyrolysis device and the drier;
A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the gas (waste gas) returned to the combustion device by the gas circulation means and the outside air supplied to the combustion device; And
And a char activation tank for supplying an inert char generated as a by-product as pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis device, and activating the char by receiving steam from the waste heat boiler.
The method according to claim 1,
The above-
Activating mixture for activating the inert chars and for allowing the zeolite material to be synthesized and carried between the surfaces or pores of the activated char. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > 8. < / RTI >
3. The method of claim 2,
The Kar-
Characterized in that it is a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) components.
delete delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the char activation tank is provided with steam at a temperature of 300 to 350 DEG C for a set time from a waste heat boiler.
A method for producing an inert char as an adsorbent by using the combustible waste gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 6,
(a) an inert char generated as a by-product as pyrolysis of the combustible waste by the pyrolysis apparatus is supplied to the char activation tank;
(b) supplying hot steam from the waste heat boiler to the char activation tank;
(c) a step in which the activated char supplied to the char activation vessel is activated by the char activation mixture and steam contained in the char activation vessel, and the zeolite material synthesized between the surfaces or pores of the activated char is supported ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > 1, < / RTI > with a combustible waste gasifier.

delete 8. The method of claim 7,
In the char activation tank,
Wherein steam is supplied from the waste heat boiler at 300 to 350 DEG C for a set time.
10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the set time is between 6 and 24 hours. ≪ Desc / Clms Page number 24 >

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