JP2004168836A - Method for treatment of waste wood - Google Patents

Method for treatment of waste wood Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004168836A
JP2004168836A JP2002334092A JP2002334092A JP2004168836A JP 2004168836 A JP2004168836 A JP 2004168836A JP 2002334092 A JP2002334092 A JP 2002334092A JP 2002334092 A JP2002334092 A JP 2002334092A JP 2004168836 A JP2004168836 A JP 2004168836A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
cooling
waste wood
gas
coke
waste
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Pending
Application number
JP2002334092A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masatoshi Shinagawa
昌俊 品川
Takuro Iwama
卓郎 岩間
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Priority to JP2002334092A priority Critical patent/JP2004168836A/en
Publication of JP2004168836A publication Critical patent/JP2004168836A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78Recycling of wood or furniture waste

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for treatment of a waste wood, by which a useful fuel gas and char can be obtained without requiring any special heating source. <P>SOLUTION: A waste wood is crushed to form chips. The chips are charged into a prechamber 11 of a cooling tower 10 in a coke dry quenching installation, which is an installation for cooling a red-hot coke charged therein by blowing a cooling gas comprising mainly nitrogen gas therein. The charged waste wood is heated to be gasified or carbonized, thus producing a combustible gas and forming a char. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は有用な燃料ガスやチャーが得られる廃木材の処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
分別収集されて都市ごみ焼却場へ搬入される粗大ごみのうち、家具類などの木質系の廃棄物は都市ごみ全体の約1%〜1.5%にも及び、又、木造家屋を解体した時などに発生する建築廃材中の木材は700万トン/年にも及ぶと言われている。さらに、製材工場や木製品の製造工場においても、多量の端材が発生している。これらの廃木材はその大部分が焼却処理されている。
【0003】
又、林業においては、樹木の成長に伴って間伐が行われるが、その極めて多量の間伐材はその一部が利用されているだけであって、大部分のものはそのまま放置され、朽ち果てている。
【0004】
上記のような廃木材を有効活用する技術として、廃棄枕木又は間伐材を室炉式コークス炉で乾留する方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
特許文献1には、室炉式コークス炉の炭化室に廃棄枕木又は間伐材を装入して乾留し、生成する乾留ガスを燃料ガスとして回収すると共に、処理残留物を木炭として回収する方法が示されている。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開昭64−79294号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、室炉式コークス炉は燃焼室と炭化室とが交互に配置されており、燃焼室で燃料を燃焼させることにより炭化室内が加熱されるようになっている。このため、廃木材を炭化室へ装入して乾留しようとする場合には、炭化室内の廃木材を加熱するための熱源が必要である。そして、廃木材を乾留する際に別途にエネルギーが必要であると言うことは、廃木材を燃料ガスと木炭に変換するために、廃木材が有するエネルギーの一部が消費されるのと同じことであり、廃木材が有するエネルギーが十分に有効活用されていないと言うことになる。
【0007】
本発明は、上記従来技術の課題に鑑み、別途の加熱源を必要とせずに、有用な燃料ガスやチャーが得られる廃木材の処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明においては、廃木材をコークス乾式消火設備における冷却塔のプレチャンバーへ装入してガス化・炭化させる。
【0009】
コークス乾式消火設備は、その冷却塔に赤熱コークスを装入し、そのコークスに窒素ガスを主とする冷却ガスを通気することによりコークスを冷却する設備である。そして、冷却塔へ装入されるコークスは約1000℃の高温状態であり、又、冷却塔内は窒素ガスを主とする無酸素雰囲気であるので、廃木材をプレチャンバー内へ装入すれば、セルロースを主成分とする木材は熱分解される。この熱分解によって、一酸化炭素や水素などの可燃性ガスが発生してガス化し、残留物としてチャー生成する。
【0010】
上記のように、廃木材は高温のコークスが有する顕熱によって加熱されて熱分解されるので、廃木材を熱分解させるための熱源を別途に必要としない。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明に係る実施の形態の一例を示す図である。この図は本発明で使用する設備であるコークス乾式消火設備の概略の構成を示したものであって、10は高温のコークスを冷却する冷却塔、15は冷却塔10から排出された高温の冷却ガスの熱回収を行う廃熱ボイラである。冷却塔10は内部が上下2つの区域に区分され、上部が高温のコークスを受け入れるプレチャンバー11、下部が冷却ガスを吹き込んで高温のコークスを冷却する冷却室12になっている。13は冷却室の下部に設けられた冷却ガスのディストリビューター、14は冷却室の下端に設けられ、冷却されたコークスを排出する切り出し装置である。又、16,17は冷却塔10と廃熱ボイラ15の間に冷却ガスの循環路を形成するための循環ダクト、18は冷却ガスの循環ファンである。そして、19は冷却ガスの抜き出し配管である。
【0012】
上記コークス乾式消火設備においては、約1000℃のコークスが冷却塔のプレチャンバー11へ装入される。この高温のコークスは下降して冷却室12へ入り、順次下降しながら塔下部から吹き込まれる窒素を主体とする冷却ガスによって冷却され、200℃程度に冷却されて排出される。
【0013】
一方、塔下部から吹き込まれた冷却ガスは、下降してくる高温のコークスと向流接触し、800℃程度の高温ガスになって廃熱ボイラ15へ送られ、熱回収される。熱回収されて冷却された冷却ガスは、再び冷却媒体として冷却塔10へ送られる。このようにして冷却ガスが循環使用されている間に、冷却ガス中の可燃性ガス成分がある限度以上に増加した場合には、その一部が抜き出し配管19から抜き出され、燃料用ガスの用途に供される。
【0014】
上記構成のコークス乾式消火設備を使用する廃木材の処理は次のように行われる。廃木材を破砕して30mm〜50mmのチップにし、この廃木材を約1000℃の赤熱コークスが装入されている冷却塔のプレチャンバー11へ装入する。プレチャンバー11内においては、まず、木材中の水分が蒸発して水蒸気が発生する。次いで、セルロースを主成分とする木材が熱分解し、一酸化炭素や水素などの可燃性ガスが発生する。又、木材から発生した水蒸気と高温の炭素類との接触により、水素と一酸化炭素が生成する反応も起こる。このように、廃木材を装入することにより、水分の蒸発や吸熱反応である化学反応が起こるので、廃木材がコークスを冷却する作用をなし、冷却塔の冷却効率が向上する。上記の反応は冷却室12においても行われ、装入された廃木材はチャーになってコークスとともに排出される。
【0015】
上述のように、コークス乾式消火設備の冷却塔10へ廃木材を装入することにより、廃木材が赤熱コークスを冷却する作用をなし、冷却塔の冷却効率が向上する。
【0016】
又、冷却塔10へ廃木材を装入することにより、冷却ガス中の可燃性ガス成分の濃度が上昇するので、抜き出し配管19から燃料用ガスとして抜き出す冷却ガスの量が増加する。
【0017】
又、廃熱ボイラ15へ導入する冷却ガスに空気を供給して可燃性ガスの一部を燃焼させる処理を行う場合には、廃熱ボイラ15へ導入する冷却ガスの温度が上昇し、廃熱ボイラ15における熱回収量が増加する。
【0018】
図2はコークス乾式消火設備による廃木材のガス化・炭化プロセスの一例を示す図である。図2において、破砕された廃木材が冷却塔10へ装入されて乾留され、生成したチャーはコークスと一緒に排出される。チャーはコークスと共に高炉用の原料、燒結用の原料、転炉熱付与原料などの用途に供することができ、有効活用することができる。さらに、良質の固形燃料として外販することもできる。抜き出されたガスは、燃料用ガスとして製鉄所内の加熱炉や発電設備へ供給される。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、廃木材をコークス乾式消火設備における冷却塔のプレチャンバーへ装入し、被冷却物である高温コークスの顕熱によって廃木材を加熱してガス化・炭化させるので、その処理に別途の加熱源を必要とせずに、有用な燃料ガスやチャーが得られる。
【0020】
又、本発明によれば、有用な燃料ガスやチャーを得ながら廃棄物を処理することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る実施の形態の一例を示す図である。
【図2】コークス乾式消火設備による廃木材のガス化・炭化プロセスの一例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
10 冷却塔
11 プレチャンバー
12 冷却室
13 ディストリビューター
14 切り出し装置
15 廃熱ボイラ
16,17 冷却ガスの循環ダクト
18 冷却ガスの循環ファン
19 冷却ガスの抜き出し配管
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating waste wood from which useful fuel gas and char can be obtained.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Among the oversized garbage collected and transported to the municipal waste incineration plant, wood-based waste, such as furniture, accounts for about 1% to 1.5% of the total municipal waste, and wooden houses have been dismantled. It is said that the amount of wood in construction waste generated at times such as 7 million tons / year. Further, a large amount of offcuts are generated in a sawmill and a wood product manufacturing plant. Most of these waste woods have been incinerated.
[0003]
In the forestry, thinning is performed as the trees grow, but only a part of the extremely large amount of thinned wood is used, and most of the thinned wood is left alone and decayed. .
[0004]
As a technique for effectively utilizing waste wood as described above, a method of carbonizing waste sleepers or thinned wood with a room-type coke oven has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
Patent Literature 1 discloses a method in which a waste sleeper or a thinned wood is charged and carbonized in a carbonization chamber of a coke oven furnace, and a generated carbonized gas is recovered as a fuel gas, and a processing residue is recovered as charcoal. It is shown.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-64-79294
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the chamber-type coke oven, the combustion chamber and the carbonization chamber are alternately arranged, and the combustion chamber is heated by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber. Therefore, when the waste wood is charged into the carbonization chamber to be carbonized, a heat source for heating the waste wood in the carbonization chamber is required. And the fact that waste wood requires extra energy to carbonize is the same as consuming some of the energy of waste wood to convert it into fuel gas and charcoal. This means that the energy of waste wood is not fully utilized.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the related art, and has as its object to provide a method for treating waste wood from which useful fuel gas and char can be obtained without requiring a separate heating source.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, waste wood is charged into a pre-chamber of a cooling tower in a coke dry fire extinguishing system and gasified and carbonized.
[0009]
A coke dry fire extinguishing system is a system in which red-hot coke is charged into a cooling tower, and the coke is cooled by passing a cooling gas mainly containing nitrogen gas through the coke. Then, the coke charged into the cooling tower is in a high temperature state of about 1000 ° C. In addition, since the cooling tower has an oxygen-free atmosphere mainly containing nitrogen gas, if the waste wood is charged into the pre-chamber, Wood containing cellulose as a main component is thermally decomposed. This pyrolysis generates flammable gas such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen to gasify and generate char as a residue.
[0010]
As described above, the waste wood is heated and thermally decomposed by the sensible heat of the high-temperature coke, so that a separate heat source for thermally decomposing the waste wood is not required.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment according to the present invention. This figure shows a schematic configuration of a coke dry-type fire extinguishing facility, which is a facility used in the present invention, in which 10 is a cooling tower for cooling high-temperature coke, and 15 is a high-temperature cooling tower discharged from the cooling tower 10. A waste heat boiler that recovers heat from gas. The inside of the cooling tower 10 is divided into upper and lower two sections, and an upper part is a pre-chamber 11 for receiving hot coke, and a lower part is a cooling chamber 12 for blowing hot gas to cool hot coke. Reference numeral 13 denotes a cooling gas distributor provided at a lower portion of the cooling chamber, and reference numeral 14 denotes a cutout device provided at a lower end of the cooling chamber to discharge cooled coke. Reference numerals 16 and 17 denote circulation ducts for forming a circulation path for cooling gas between the cooling tower 10 and the waste heat boiler 15, and reference numeral 18 denotes a cooling gas circulation fan. Reference numeral 19 denotes a cooling gas extraction pipe.
[0012]
In the above coke dry fire extinguishing equipment, coke at about 1000 ° C. is charged into the pre-chamber 11 of the cooling tower. The high-temperature coke descends into the cooling chamber 12, is cooled by a cooling gas mainly containing nitrogen blown from the lower part of the tower while descending sequentially, is cooled to about 200 ° C., and is discharged.
[0013]
On the other hand, the cooling gas blown from the lower part of the tower comes into countercurrent contact with the descending high-temperature coke, becomes a high-temperature gas of about 800 ° C., is sent to the waste heat boiler 15, and is recovered. The cooling gas cooled by the heat recovery is sent to the cooling tower 10 again as a cooling medium. When the flammable gas component in the cooling gas increases beyond a certain limit while the cooling gas is being circulated in this way, a part of the flammable gas component is extracted from the extraction pipe 19 and the fuel gas is removed. Provided for use.
[0014]
The treatment of waste wood using the coke dry fire extinguishing system having the above configuration is performed as follows. The waste wood is crushed into chips of 30 mm to 50 mm, and the waste wood is charged into the pre-chamber 11 of the cooling tower in which red hot coke at about 1000 ° C. is charged. In the pre-chamber 11, first, water in the wood evaporates to generate water vapor. Next, the wood containing cellulose as a main component is thermally decomposed to generate flammable gas such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen. In addition, a reaction of generating hydrogen and carbon monoxide occurs by contact between steam generated from wood and high-temperature carbons. In this way, by charging the waste wood, a chemical reaction such as evaporation of water and an endothermic reaction occurs, so that the waste wood acts to cool the coke, and the cooling efficiency of the cooling tower is improved. The above reaction is also performed in the cooling chamber 12, and the waste wood charged is discharged as char with coke.
[0015]
As described above, by loading the waste wood into the cooling tower 10 of the coke dry fire extinguishing equipment, the waste wood acts to cool the red hot coke, and the cooling efficiency of the cooling tower is improved.
[0016]
Further, by charging the waste wood into the cooling tower 10, the concentration of the combustible gas component in the cooling gas increases, so that the amount of the cooling gas extracted as the fuel gas from the extraction pipe 19 increases.
[0017]
Further, when performing a process of supplying air to the cooling gas introduced into the waste heat boiler 15 to burn a part of the combustible gas, the temperature of the cooling gas introduced into the waste heat boiler 15 increases, The amount of heat recovery in the boiler 15 increases.
[0018]
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a gasification and carbonization process of waste wood by a coke dry fire extinguishing facility. In FIG. 2, crushed waste wood is charged into a cooling tower 10 and carbonized, and the generated char is discharged together with coke. The char can be used together with coke for applications such as a raw material for a blast furnace, a raw material for sintering, and a raw material for imparting converter heat, and can be effectively utilized. Furthermore, it can be sold as a high quality solid fuel. The extracted gas is supplied as a fuel gas to a heating furnace and a power generation facility in an ironworks.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, waste wood is charged into a pre-chamber of a cooling tower in a coke dry fire extinguishing system, and the waste wood is heated and gasified and carbonized by the sensible heat of a high-temperature coke which is a cooled object. Thus, useful fuel gas and char can be obtained without requiring a separate heating source.
[0020]
Further, according to the present invention, waste can be treated while obtaining useful fuel gas and char.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a gasification and carbonization process of waste wood by a coke dry fire extinguishing facility.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cooling tower 11 Pre-chamber 12 Cooling chamber 13 Distributor 14 Cut-out device 15 Waste heat boiler 16, 17 Cooling gas circulation duct 18 Cooling gas circulation fan 19 Cooling gas extraction pipe

Claims (1)

廃木材をコークス乾式消火設備における冷却塔のプレチャンバーへ装入してガス化・炭化させることを特徴とする廃木材の処理方法。A method for treating waste wood, wherein the waste wood is charged into a pre-chamber of a cooling tower in a coke dry fire extinguishing system and gasified and carbonized.
JP2002334092A 2002-11-18 2002-11-18 Method for treatment of waste wood Pending JP2004168836A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8017550B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2011-09-13 Praxair Technology, Inc. Catalytic adsorbents for mercury removal from flue gas and methods of manufacture therefor
US8124561B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2012-02-28 Praxair Technology, Inc. Production of activated char using hot gas
US8309052B2 (en) 2009-07-02 2012-11-13 Pneumatic Processing Technologies, L.L.C. Carbon heat-treatment process
CN103087728A (en) * 2012-08-06 2013-05-08 山西鑫立能源科技有限公司 Continuous coking device of coal pyrolysis furnace
US9109801B2 (en) 2009-07-02 2015-08-18 Pneumatic Processing Technologies, Llc Coal heat-treatment process and system
CN113122289A (en) * 2019-12-30 2021-07-16 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Dry quenching furnace diffused gas pre-conditioning treatment system and method

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8017550B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2011-09-13 Praxair Technology, Inc. Catalytic adsorbents for mercury removal from flue gas and methods of manufacture therefor
US8124561B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2012-02-28 Praxair Technology, Inc. Production of activated char using hot gas
US8309052B2 (en) 2009-07-02 2012-11-13 Pneumatic Processing Technologies, L.L.C. Carbon heat-treatment process
US9109801B2 (en) 2009-07-02 2015-08-18 Pneumatic Processing Technologies, Llc Coal heat-treatment process and system
CN103087728A (en) * 2012-08-06 2013-05-08 山西鑫立能源科技有限公司 Continuous coking device of coal pyrolysis furnace
CN103087728B (en) * 2012-08-06 2014-04-30 山西鑫立能源科技有限公司 Continuous coking device of coal pyrolysis furnace
CN113122289A (en) * 2019-12-30 2021-07-16 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Dry quenching furnace diffused gas pre-conditioning treatment system and method
CN113122289B (en) * 2019-12-30 2022-07-22 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Pre-tempering treatment system and method for dry quenching furnace diffused gas

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