KR101268137B1 - Small hydropower generation apparatus and method for contrlling the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A small hydropower generating apparatus and a controlling method thereof are provided to simultaneously implement prediction control and feedback control, thereby increasing the generation efficiency of a water wheel and maximally utilizing an optimal flow rate. CONSTITUTION: A small hydropower generating apparatus includes a water storage tank, a water wheel(20), a feeding pipe(30), an inlet valve(40), a hydraulic actuation unit(50), and a generator(60). Multiple blades having variable pitch angles are installed on the outer circumferential surface of a hub of the water wheel placed at the lower side of the water storage tank. The feeding pipe is connected from the water storage tank to the water wheel. The inlet valve at the upstream end of the water wheel opens and closes a flow path of the feeding pipe. The hydraulic actuation unit opens and closes the inlet valve, and controls the pitch angle of the blades. A controlling unit controls the actuation of the hydraulic actuation unit. An electronic switch is turned on when the RPM(Revolutions Per Minute) of the water wheel reaches a rated RPM in order to connect an output terminal of the generator to a system of KEPCO(Korea Electric Power Corporation).

Description

SMALL HYDROPOWER GENERATION APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTRLLING THE SAME}

The present invention relates to a hydrophobic power generation apparatus, and more particularly, to a hydrophobic power generation apparatus and a control method capable of maximizing the proper flow rate and utilizing a proper flow rate by simultaneously implementing predictive control and feedback control.

Small hydro power means small-scale hydropower with less than 15,000 kW of capacity, but in Korea, less than 10,000 kW (2003.1, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy No. 192) is called hydropower. Small-scale hydropower generation is no different from general large-scale hydropower generation in principle, but considering that large-scale hydropower generation has a negative impact on the environment, it can be regarded as a small and technically simple hydroelectric power generation in harmony with local conditions.

Small hydro power generation is clean energy without pollution, and the amount of 15MW is confirmed in Korea, and because it has higher energy density than other renewable energy sources, it is considered as a rich resource with high development value. And development support projects are competitively active.

In addition, small hydro power generation has less CO ₂ emissions than other energy sources and is regarded as an eco-friendly representative low-carbon green technology.It has the longest history of applied element technology as the highest energy production per unit capacity among domestic renewable energy. It is a proven utility energy with low overseas dependence of raw materials.

On the other hand, recently, a method for recycling sewage treatment water by applying hydroelectric power generation to a sewage treatment plant has been widely researched and developed. However, in the sewage treatment plant, the flow rate fluctuates severely according to time slots, and thus, the fluctuation of the amount of power generated by the flow rate fluctuation occurs severely, which causes the generation efficiency to be extremely reduced.

Accordingly, the hydropower generator using the Kaplan aberration, which has a variable pitch angle of the blade, is applied in a place where the flow rate fluctuates severely, such as a sewage treatment plant, and the hydropower generator using the Kaplan aberration responds to the fluctuation of the flow rate. By varying the pitch angle of the blade is configured to obtain an appropriate power generation efficiency in response to the flow rate variation.

On the other hand, the conventional hydropower generator using the Kaplan aberration is configured to vary the pitch angle of the blades of the Kaplan aberration through a relay control method, the control accuracy is not high, and in particular does not correspond to the sudden flow fluctuations, because some of the flow rate As a result of the discharge, the power generation efficiency could not be increased.

The present invention has been researched and developed in order to solve the disadvantages of the prior art as described above, and by applying the predictive control and feedback control method, it is possible to precisely control the aberration power generation system in response to the fluctuation of the flow rate, in particular the pitch of the aberration blades The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydroelectric power generation apparatus and a control method thereof capable of maximally improving the power generation efficiency of the aberration and controlling the optimum flow rate by controlling each variable by the constant flow control method.

One aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is a hydropower generator,

A reservoir connected to the outlet of the sewage treatment plant; An aberration having a plurality of blades having a variable pitch angle on an outer circumferential surface of the hub and disposed below the reservoir; A transfer pipe connected from the reservoir to the aberration; An inlet valve installed at an upstream end of the aberration to open and close a flow path of a transport pipe; A hydraulic drive unit for opening and closing the inlet valve and adjusting a pitch angle of the blade; Control unit for controlling the operation of the hydraulic drive unit; A generator connected to the aberration; And an electronic switch that is turned on when the rotation speed of the aberration reaches the set rotation speed of the generator to connect the output terminal of the generator to the KEPCO system.

The hydraulic drive unit is connected to the inlet valve cylinder for opening and closing the inlet valve, a blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder for varying the pitch angle of the blade, and a constant flow rate control for controlling the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder connected to the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder. It consists of a hydraulic circuit with a valve,

The control unit receives an analog multiplexer, an A / D converter for converting an analog signal transmitted from the analog multiplexer into a digital signal, and receives the digital signal converted from the A / D converter and then calculates and processes the analog signal at a blade pitch angle. A CPU for generating a digital control signal, and a D / A converter for converting the digital control signal transmitted from the CPU into an analog control signal,

The analog multiplexer includes a water level detector for detecting the water level of the reservoir, a pitch angle detector for detecting the pitch angle of the blade, a rotation speed detector for detecting the rotation speed of the aberration, and a generator temperature sensing for detecting the internal temperature of the generator. Additional connections,

The analog control signal converted by the D / A converter is transmitted to the static flow control valve side, so that the static flow control valve controls the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder.

The analog control signal is characterized in that the voltage value of a certain range.

The predicted flow rate value predicted for each time zone is input to the CPU, and the CPU generates a digital control signal for the pitch angle of the blade using the predicted flow rate value and the used flow rate value calculated according to the change in the water level of the reservoir. The digital control signal is converted into an analog control signal by a D / A converter and then transmitted to the constant flow control valve side.

Another aspect of the present invention is a control method of a small hydro power generator for controlling a small hydro power generator,

An aberration driving step of driving the aberration by the flow rate of the sewage transferred toward the aberration from the reservoir as the inlet valve is opened;

A KEPCO system linkage step of linking the generator to the KEPCO system by turning on the electromagnetic switch when the rotational speed of the aberration reaches the rated speed compared to the rated speed; And

A setting step of setting a pitch angle of a blade using a flow rate value calculated by analyzing a change in the water level of the reservoir and a predicted flow rate value for each time zone;

And a control step of automatically controlling the pitch angle of the blade according to the set pitch angle of the blade.

Further comprising the step of gradually increasing the pitch angle of the blade between the aberration driving step and the KEPCO system linkage step.

When an abnormal signal is generated on the generator and the aberration side, the aberration stop step of stopping the driving of the aberration by closing the inlet valve, characterized in that it further comprises.

According to the present invention, the aberration power generation system is precisely controlled in response to flow fluctuations by simultaneously applying a predictive flow rate value predicting the flow rate for each time period and a predictive flow rate and feedback control method using the calculated flow rate value calculated according to the water level change of the reservoir. In particular, by controlling the pitch angle adjustment of the aberration blades in a constant flow rate control method, it is possible to respond quickly to rapidly changing flow rates and to slowly adjust the pitch angles of the blades even for a slowly changing flow rate. It has the advantage of greatly improving the power generation efficiency and maximizing the proper flow rate.

1 is a block diagram showing a hydrophobic power generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1.
Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a hydraulic drive unit of the hydropower generator according to the present invention.
4 is a configuration diagram showing a control unit of the hydro-power generator according to the present invention.
5 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of the hydropower generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. For the sake of convenience, the size, line thickness, and the like of the components shown in the drawings referenced in the description of the present invention may be exaggerated somewhat. In addition, terms used in the detailed description of the present invention are defined in consideration of the functions in the present invention and may vary according to a user, an operator's intention, customs, and the like. Therefore, the definition of this term should be based on the contents throughout the specification.

1 to 4 show a hydropower generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown, the hydrophobic power generation apparatus according to the present invention is aberration 20 having a plurality of blades 22, the pitch angle is variable on the outer circumferential surface of the reservoir 21, the hub 21 is connected to the outlet of the sewage treatment plant , An inlet valve 40 and an inlet valve 40 which are installed at an upstream end of the aeration tube 30 and an upstream end of the aberration 20 connected from the reservoir 10 to the aberration 20. In addition to opening and closing the hydraulic drive unit 50 is configured to adjust the pitch angle of the blade 22, and includes a generator 60 connected to the aberration 20.

The reservoir 10 is connected to the discharge port 11 of the sewage treatment plant, it may be configured as a concrete box to store a certain amount of sewage.

The aberration 20 is installed at a lower position than the reservoir 10, and the aberration 20 includes a hub 21 and a plurality of blades 22 provided on the outer circumferential surface of the hub 21. The blade 22 is rotatably installed at the hub 21 so that the pitch angle a is variably installed. The pitch angle a of the blade 22 is variably installed within various angle ranges such as 0 ° (minimum pitch angle) to 30 ° (maximum pitch angle) with respect to the horizontal line. As the pitch angle a of the blade 22 increases, the flow rate of use increases, resulting in an increase in the rotational speed of the aberration 20.

 The transfer pipe 30 is connected to the aberration 20 from the reservoir 10, and the sewage discharged from the outlet 11 of the sewage treatment plant is temporarily stored in the reservoir 10 and then aberration 20 through the transfer pipe 30. Is transported to the side. The aberration 20 rotates at a predetermined rotational speed as the sewage conveyed through the transfer pipe 30 contacts the blade 22 of the aberration 20.

Inlet valve 40 is composed of a butterfly valve and the like is installed to open and close the flow path of the transfer pipe 30 in the upstream end of the aberration 20.

The hydraulic drive unit 50 is configured to open and close the inlet valve 40 and adjust the pitch angle of the blade 22, and in particular, the hydraulic drive unit 50 opens and closes the inlet valve 40 as shown in FIG. The blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder 52 is connected to the inlet valve opening adjustment cylinder 51, the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder 52 for adjusting the pitch angle of the blade 22, and the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder 52. It consists of a hydraulic circuit having a constant flow control valve 53 for controlling the operation of the. The constant flow control valve 53 is an electronic control valve or a proportional control valve for precisely controlling the operation of the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder 52 according to the degree of input of an electrical signal value such as a voltage value or a current value in a predetermined range. It consists of a kind.

The generator 60 is connected to the aberration 20 and is configured to generate a predetermined electric energy by driving the aberration 20.

The output terminal of the generator 60 is connected to the KEPCO system side through an electromagnetic switch (not shown), and the electromagnetic switch (not shown) is operated when the rotation speed of the aberration 20 reaches the rated speed, thereby turning on the generator to the KEPCO system. Is configured to connect to.

The control unit 70 is installed on one side of the hydropower generator, the control unit 70 is configured to control the hydraulic control unit 50, the inlet valve 40, the pitch angle control operation of the blade 22 and the like. The control unit 70 may be installed on the upper surface of the reservoir 10 or adjacent to the aberration 20.

As shown in FIG. 3, the control unit 70 includes an analog multiplexer 71, an A / D converter 72 for converting an analog signal transmitted from the analog multiplexer 71 into a digital signal, and an A / D converter. CPU 73 for generating a digital control signal for the pitch angle of the blade 22 by processing the received digital signal after receiving the digital signal converted by the 72, and the digital transmitted from the CPU 73. And a D / A converter 74 for converting the control signal into an analog control signal.

The analog multiplexer 71 includes a water level detector M1 for detecting the water level of the reservoir 10, a pitch angle detector M2 for detecting the pitch angle a of the blade 22, and a rotation speed of the aberration 20. Rotational speed detection unit (M3) for detecting the generator temperature detection unit (M4) for detecting the internal temperature of the generator is connected. By this connection structure, the analog multiplexer 71 detects the water level of the reservoir 10 detected by the water level detector M1, the pitch angle of the blade 22, and the rotational speed detected by the pitch angle detector M2. The rotational speed of the aberration 20 detected by the unit M3 and the internal temperature of the generator 60 detected by the generator temperature detector M4 (particularly, the coil temperature of the generator) are sequentially transmitted to the A / D converter. send.

Here, the information about the water level of the water tank 10 detected by the water level detecting unit M1 is used for the purpose of calculating the flow rate value used for the rotation of the aberration 20, and the pitch angle detecting unit M2. The information about the pitch angle a of the blade 22 detected by the blade 22 is used for checking the current pitch angle a of the blade 22, and the aberration 20 detected by the rotation speed detecting unit M3. Rotational speed of) is used for comparing with the rated speed of the generator 60, the internal temperature of the generator 60 sensed by the generator temperature sensor (M4) is an abnormal occurrence such as an overheating state in the generator (60) It can be used to check the.

The A / D converter 72 converts an analog signal sequentially selected by the analog multiplexer 71 into a digital signal, and the converted digital signal is transmitted to the CPU 72.

The CPU 73 collects the received analog signal (the water level of the reservoir 10, the pitch angle of the blade 22, the rotational speed of the aberration 20, the internal temperature of the generator 60), and the like by a processing processor that is set. By arithmetic processing, a digital control signal for the pitch angle of the blade 22 is generated and transmitted.

The D / A converter 74 converts the digital control signal transmitted from the CPU 73 into an analog control signal, and then transfers it to the constant flow control valve 53 side of the hydraulic drive unit 50 so that the constant flow control valve 53 The operation of the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder 52 is controlled by adjusting the opening degree.

According to one embodiment, the analog control signal transmitted to the constant flow control valve 53 is characterized in that the voltage value of a predetermined range. For example, when the analog control signal is set to a voltage value of (-10V) to (+ 10V), when the voltage value of -10V is transmitted to the constant flow control valve 53, the constant flow control valve 53 is the blade 22 The blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder 52 is controlled as quickly as possible so that the pitch angle of the controller is 0 ° (minimum pitch angle). When the voltage value of 10V is transmitted to the constant flow rate control valve 53, the constant flow rate control valve 53 is The blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder 52 can be controlled as quickly as possible so that the pitch angle of the blade 22 becomes 30 degrees (maximum pitch angle).

On the other hand, the CPU 73 analyzes the water level change value of the water tank 10 detected by the water level detection unit M1 to calculate the use flow rate value, and the pitch of the blade 22 using the calculated use flow rate value. The control signal for each angle can be set. In addition, the predicted flow rate value predicted for each time zone is input to the CPU 73, and the CPU 73 uses the predicted flow rate value and the used flow rate value calculated according to the change in the water level of the reservoir 10. After generating a digital control signal for the pitch angle of the D / A converter 74, the digital control signal is converted into an analog control signal by the D / A converter 74, the constant flow control valve ( 53) is sent to the side.

A digital input unit 76 and a digital output unit 77 are connected to the CPU 73, and a buffer 77a is connected between the CPU 73 and the digital output unit 77.

The digital input unit 76 has an auto / manual selection button SW1, an operation / stop selection button SW2, and an inlet valve opening / closing sensor M5 for digitally transmitting a completely open and completely closed state of the inlet valve 40. , The blade position sensor M6, which digitally transmits a state in which the pitch angle a of the blade 22 is located at the lowest pitch angle or at the maximum pitch angle, the pitch angle a of the blade 22 is manually The manual operation button SW3 used when operating the controller is connected, and the operation detecting unit M7 of the electronic switch which digitally transmits the on / off state of the electronic switch is connected.

The digital output unit 77 has a first output unit OUT1 for outputting a control signal for the full opening and closing of the inlet valve 40, and a second output for outputting a control signal for the on / off operation of the electronic switch. The unit OUT2 and the third output unit OUT3 indicating the operation control state are connected.

An RS485 communication interface 78 is connected to the CPU 73, and the CPU 78 communicates the operating state of the hydroelectric power generator to the panel PC 81 and the mobile terminal 82 through the RS485 communication interface 78. Can transmit In addition, after the data on the power generation status by the generator 60, for example, voltage, current, power generation current, current consumption, power factor, frequency, power amount, etc. are acquired using the digital meter 83, such data is transferred to the communication port 78. The CPU 73 transfers the data to the CPU 73 via.

In addition, the control unit 70 is provided with a memory 79a and a battery 79b.

5 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of the hydropower generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 5, in the method of controlling the hydrophobic power generation apparatus according to the present invention, as the inlet valve 40 is opened (S1), the sewage aberration 20 is carried out through the transfer pipe 30 from the reservoir 10. While driving toward the aberration 20 drives (S2).

After driving the aberration 20 as described above, the rotational speed of the aberration 20 is gradually increased by gradually increasing the pitch angle a of the blade 22 (S3).

By comparing the rotational speed of the aberration 20 with the rated speed (S4), when the rotational speed of the aberration 20 reaches the rated speed, the electromagnetic switch is turned on to link the generator 60 to the electric field system (S5). At this time, if the rotational speed of the aberration 20 does not reach the rated speed, the pitch angle a of the blade 22 is gradually increased.

After being connected to the KEPCO system, it is determined whether it is in an automatic operation state (S6), and in the automatic operation state, the CPU 73 of the control unit 70 analyzes the water level change of the reservoir 10 and calculates the used flow rate value and time. The pitch angle a of the blade 22 is set using the estimated predicted flow rate value (S7), and the pitch angle a of the blade 22 according to a process previously input to the CPU 73 in response to this setting. ) Is automatically controlled (S8).

 On the other hand, in the manual operation state other than the automatic operation, the operator manually controls the pitch angle a of the blade 22 (S11).

Whether the abnormal state occurs during such automatic operation or manual operation is confirmed in real time (S9), and when an abnormal situation occurs, the inlet valve 40 is completely closed to completely stop driving of the aberration 20 (S10).

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. .

10: reservoir 20: aberration 21: hub
22: blade 30: transfer pipe 40: inlet valve
50: hydraulic drive unit 60: generator 70: control unit

Claims (6)

A reservoir connected to the outlet of the sewage treatment plant;
An aberration having a plurality of blades having a variable pitch angle on an outer circumferential surface of the hub and disposed below the reservoir;
A transfer pipe connected from the reservoir to the aberration;
An inlet valve installed at an upstream end of the aberration to open and close a flow path of a transport pipe;
A hydraulic drive unit configured to open and close the inlet valve and to adjust a pitch angle of the blade;
Control unit for controlling the operation of the hydraulic drive unit;
A generator connected to the aberration; And
And an electronic switch that turns on when the rotation speed of the aberration reaches the rated speed and connects the output terminal of the generator to the electric field system.
The hydraulic drive unit is connected to the inlet valve hydraulic cylinder for opening and closing the inlet valve, the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder for varying the pitch angle of the blade, and the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder, the fixed flow rate for controlling the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder It consists of a hydraulic circuit with a control valve,
The control unit operates an analog multiplexer, an A / D converter for converting an analog signal transmitted from the analog multiplexer into a digital signal, and a digital signal received after receiving the converted digital signal from the A / D converter. A CPU for generating a digital control signal for the blade pitch angle, and a D / A converter for converting the digital control signal transmitted from the CPU to an analog control signal,
The analog multiplexer includes a water level detector for detecting the water level of the reservoir, a pitch angle detector for detecting the pitch angle of the blade, a rotation speed detector for detecting the rotational speed of the aberration, and a generator temperature for detecting the internal temperature of the generator. The detector is connected
The hydrostatic power generation apparatus, characterized in that the analog control signal converted by the D / A converter is transmitted to the static flow control valve side, the static flow control valve controls the blade pitch angle adjustment cylinder. The method according to claim 1,
The hydroelectric power generation device, characterized in that the analog control signal is a voltage value of a predetermined range. The method according to claim 1,
The predicted flow rate value predicted for each time zone is input to the CPU, and the CPU generates a digital control signal for the pitch angle of the blade using the predicted flow rate value and the used flow rate value calculated according to the change in the water level of the reservoir. And the digital control signal is converted into an analog control signal by a D / A converter and then transmitted to the constant flow control valve side. Claims 1 to 3 of the hydrophobic power generating device control method for controlling the hydro-power generating device according to any one of the claims,
An aberration driving step of driving the aberration by the flow rate of the sewage transferred toward the aberration from the reservoir as the inlet valve is opened;
A KEPCO system linkage step of linking the generator to the KEPCO system by turning on the electromagnetic switch when the rotational speed of the aberration reaches the rated speed by comparing the rotational speed of the aberration with the rated speed; And
A setting step of setting a pitch angle of a blade using a flow rate value calculated by analyzing a change in the water level of the reservoir and a predicted flow rate value for each time zone;
And a control step of automatically controlling the pitch angle of the blade according to the pitch angle of the set blades. The method of claim 4,
And a step of gradually increasing the pitch angle of the blade between the aberration driving step and the KEPCO system linking step. The method of claim 4,
And aberration stop step of stopping the driving of the aberration by closing the inlet valve when an abnormal signal is generated on the generator and the aberration side.

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