KR101217711B1 - Metal hydride vessels for hydrogen isotope storage with rapid cooling characteristics - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a quench-type hydrogen isotope storage container, and the technical problem to be solved is that the heating and cooling of the container is made smoothly, rapid heating and cooling is possible to improve the integrity of the hydrogen isotope to efficiently store and supply To provide a quench hydrogen isotope storage container.
To this end, the quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to the present invention includes an outer container, a first cylinder pipe located in the outer container and a second cylinder pipe located in the first cylinder pipe, but the long axis is positioned vertically. An inner container formed of a vertical annular cylindrical tube, a thermosiphon loop installed through the outer container and the inner container to circulate a working fluid into and out of the inner container, and between the first and second cylinder pipes. Powder-type hydrogen storage metal provided in the vertical annular space formed, the heater wire is provided between the outer vessel and the inner vessel and brazed in the inner vessel, and installed through the outer vessel and the inner vessel Hydrogen isotope inlet pipe for introducing external hydrogen isotopes into the vertical annular space, and installed through the outer container and the inner container. But including a hydrogen isotope discharge pipe for discharging the hydrogen isotope in the vertical annular space to the supply source and a heat shield plate formed between the outer container and the inner container to block heat and prevent leakage of the hydrogen isotope, the hydrogen Isotopes are moved to the vertical annular space through the hydrogen isotope inlet pipe and then occluded in a hydrogen storage metal in the vertical annular space and stored in the hydrogen isotope metal, and heated by the heater wire. Hydrogen isotope in the digested metal is hermetically transferred to a supply source through the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe, and the temperature of the inner container is rapidly cooled by cooling of the working fluid circulating through the thermosiphon loop.

Description

Metal hydride vessels for hydrogen isotope storage with rapid cooling characteristics

The present invention relates to a container for storing a hydrogen isotope used as a fusion reaction fuel and other hydrogen isotopes such as hydrogen used as a fuel of a hydrogen automobile in a metal alloy, and more specifically, compared to a conventional metal alloy hydrogen storage container. A quenchable hydrogen isotope storage container capable of heating and cooling.

Nuclear fusion energy, which has recently been spotlighted as a future energy source, can be produced by nuclear fusion reaction of tritium and deuterium, which are hydrogen isotopes.

Since tritium-related technology is a sensitive technology with controlled import and export between countries, there are many limitations in technology transfer from developed countries, and even if the technology is introduced from abroad, it is approved by the technology supplier for use in other fields or when exporting technology to a third country. Corresponds to a sensitive technology that must receive.

A fusion reaction product such as helium and an unreacted hydrogen isotope generated in a fusion reactor such as tokamak are separated into helium and pure hydrogen isotope in the palladium-silver alloy metal membrane device of the tokamak exhaust treatment process.

The separated pure hydrogen isotope is separated into hard hydrogen, deuterium and tritium in an ultra low temperature distillation column, of which tritium is circulated back to the toka membrane through a storage process and a fuel injection system. At this time, the tritium container is installed in the tritium storage process.

Conventional tritium containers are made of a structure in which tritium is immobilized in a solid phase in the form of tritium metal using hydrogen storage metal, and then placed in a container and a heating wire is installed in the container.

In this case, immobilized storage of tritium is possible, but since tritium cannot be stored and stored rapidly or hernia supplied at a high rate, an increase in tritium inventory is inevitable due to the adoption of a large number of tritium containers. A problem occurred. In addition, the conventional tritium container capable of relatively fast suction and removal has a problem in that the internal structure is complicated and the safety and economy is reduced.

Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have applied for the tritium container of Patent Application No. 2010-0109150. However, although the method proposed in the above patent application is an advanced new technology, rapid cooling still needs to be improved.

Hydrogen isotopes form metal hydrides through chemical reactions with metal powders and are stored in containers, and they can store more hydrogen per unit volume than physical methods where hydrogen is simply absorbed into the powder. There is an advantage.

The reaction in which hydrogen reacts with the metal powder to form a metal hydride is exothermic and is called occlusion. On the other hand, the reaction in which the metal hydride is separated into hydrogen and metal powder is an endothermic reaction and is called hernia. Therefore, when the hydrogen is occluded, the vessel is cooled, and when the hydrogen is degassed, the vessel can be heated to increase the reaction rate.

In general, in order to rapidly heat and cool a hydrogen storage vessel, the heat capacity of the storage vessel should be reduced. However, the heat capacity of the metal powder and the stainless steel, which is a container material, is fixed, and since the thickness of the container that can withstand the required pressure conditions is already determined, the heat capacity cannot be changed without the development of a breakthrough material.

Therefore, the present inventors should improve the thermal insulation performance of the container in order to improve the storage speed and supply speed of hydrogen isotope, which is a problem of the known technology, and to prevent the rapid heating of the container or heat transfer to the outside of the room temperature. However, such a heat insulating container is not necessary when rapid cooling is required, and excellent heat insulating performance, but when cooling is required to focus on a container that can be cooled quickly, while maintaining the durability, reliability and health of the container, The present invention has been accomplished by studying a hydrogen isotope container capable of safely and economically handling isotopes.

The present invention has been invented to solve the above problems, and when the heat transfer is promoted, the heating and cooling of the container is made smoothly and rapid heating and cooling is possible, and the storage container and the cooling system have a simple structure to break down. The aim of the present invention is to provide a quenched hydrogen isotope storage container with improved soundness that can efficiently store and supply hydrogen isotopes without additional operating costs by minimizing the use of power for cooling.

In order to achieve the object as described above, the quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to the present invention includes an outer container, a first cylinder pipe located in the outer container and a second cylinder pipe located in the first cylinder pipe. An inner container formed of a vertical annular cylindrical tube having a long axis located in a vertical direction, a thermosiphon loop installed through the outer container and the inner container to circulate a working fluid into and out of the inner container, and the first cylinder pipe A hydrogen-storage metal in powder form provided in a vertical annular space formed between the second cylindrical tube and a heater wire provided between the outer container and the inner container and brazed in the inner container, and the outer container. Hydrogen isotope inlet pipe installed through the inner container to introduce external hydrogen isotopes into the vertical annular space, and for external use A train installed between the inner container and the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe for discharging the hydrogen isotope in the vertical annular space to the supply source, and formed between the outer container and the inner container to block heat and prevent leakage of the hydrogen isotope. Including a closed plate, the hydrogen isotope is moved to the vertical annular space through the hydrogen isotope inlet pipe and then stored in the hydrogen storage metal in the vertical annular space and stored in the hydrogen isotope metal, using the heater wire The hydrogen isotope in the hydrogen isotope is desorbed by heating and rapidly transported to the supply through the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe, and the temperature of the inner container is rapidly cooled by the cooling of the working fluid circulating through the thermosiphon loop. It is characterized by.

The thermosiphon loop may further include a condensation unit provided at an upper portion of the outer container, an evaporation unit provided in the inner container, a connection between the condensation unit and the evaporation unit through the outer container and the inner container, And a condensed liquid inlet pipe through which the condensed liquid is introduced into the evaporator, and an evaporated gas discharge pipe connected to the evaporator and the condenser while discharging the evaporated gas in the evaporator to the condenser. The working fluid is condensed in the condenser and introduced into the evaporator through the condensed liquid inlet pipe, evaporated in the evaporator to quench the temperature in the inner container, and discharged to the condenser through the evaporation gas discharge pipe and then condensed. The heat can be recondensed by releasing heat into the atmosphere.

In addition, the condensed liquid inlet pipe may further include a flow control valve for opening and closing the condensed liquid inlet pipe to control the flow of the condensed liquid flowing from the condenser to the evaporator.

In addition, the condensation part may be made of copper, and the evaporation part, the condensation liquid inlet pipe, and the evaporation gas discharge pipe may be made of stainless steel.

The apparatus may further include a helium loop tube provided through the outer vessel and the inner vessel by brazing the inner vessel and having a helium gas flowing in and out to circulate the hydrogen isotope in the vertical annular space. Hydrogen isotope in the hydrogen isotope may be metered by the helium gas.

In addition, the vertical annular space may be provided with a horizontal annular outflow prevention filter to prevent the outflow of the hydrogen storage metal in the upper and lower portions, respectively.

In addition, the horizontal annular outflow filter may be a sintered metal filter.

In addition, the horizontal annular outflow prevention filter may be installed in a plurality of horizontally in the vertical annular space.

In addition, the vertical annular space is provided with a cylindrical outflow prevention filter for preventing the outflow of the hydrogen storage metal in the upper and lower, the cylindrical outflow prevention filter may be a cylindrical sintered metal filter.

In addition, the first cylinder tube or the second cylinder tube may be provided with a heat transfer promoting pin for promoting heat transfer in the vertical annular space.

In addition, the heater wire may be provided separately in the first cylinder tube and the second cylinder tube, respectively.

In addition, the helium loop pipe may be provided separately in the first cylinder tube and the second cylinder tube, respectively.

In addition, the helium loop pipe may have one inlet connected to the plurality of branch pipes by the inlet manifold, and the plurality of branch pipes may be connected to the one outlet port by the discharge manifold.

In addition, the helium loop pipe may be connected in series or in parallel with the helium loop pipe passing through the outer container and the inner container of the plurality of other vertical hydrogen isotope storage container.

In addition, the hydrogen storage metal is ZrCo, depleted uranium, uranium, titanium, palladium, ZrNi, ZiNi _x Co _y (x = 0.01 ~ 0.99, y = 1-x), ZrNi _x Co _y Fe _z (x = 0.01 ~ 0.99 , y = 0.01-0.99, z = 0.01-0.99, x + y + z = 1), and Zi _x Hf _y Co (x = 0.01-0.99, y = 1-x).

Further, the hydrogen storage metal _{ZrNi 0 .3 Co 0 .7, ZrNi} 0 .2 Co 0 .7 Fe 0 .1, ZrNi 0 .3 Co 0 .5 Fe 0 .2, Zr 0.5 Hf 0.5 Co and Zr _{0 0.7} may be selected from the group consisting of Hf _{0 .3} Co.

In addition, the heat shield plate may be plated with silver.

In addition, the thermocouple may be connected to the inner container, the vertical annular cylindrical tube or helium loop tube to measure the temperature of each part.

In addition, the helium loop pipe may be installed in the helium gas flow meter to measure and record the flow rate of the helium gas, and an alarm in the event of overload may be included.

In addition, a thermostat installed in the helium loop pipe may be included to heat or cool the helium gas to a predetermined temperature to introduce a constant temperature.

In addition, when the hydrogen isotope is installed in the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe overpressure may include a rupture disk (rupture disk) to protect the outer container and the inner container.

In addition, it is installed on the rupture disk (rupture disk) to measure and record the pressure of the hydrogen isotope that is rapidly transported to the supply, and may include a hydrogen isotope pressure gauge that sounds an alarm at a set temperature.

In addition, the hydrogen isotope flow meter may be installed in the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe for measuring and recording the flow rate of the hydrogen isotope rapidly transported to the supply.

In addition, a high vacuum condition may be formed between the outer container and the inner container to reduce convective heat transfer.

In addition, helium (He) may be included to increase convective heat transfer between the outer container and the inner container.

As described above, according to the quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to the present invention, it is possible to drastically improve the storage and degassing rate in the repeated use of the storage container, and tritium and hydrogen are isotopes in the same way as the metal powder. Because it reacts with and is applied as a container that can effectively store and discharge the hydrogen of the hydrogen vehicle fuel has an excellent economic efficiency.

1 is a schematic first front view of a quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic second front view of a quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a graph showing the heating rate using a quench hydrogen isotope storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a graph showing the cooling rate using the quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, it should be noted that the same components or parts among the drawings denote the same reference numerals whenever possible. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted so as not to obscure the subject matter of the present invention.

1 is a schematic first front view of a quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the outer container 100, the inner container 200, the thermosiphon loop 300, and the hydrogen isotope inflow The pipe 500 includes a hydrogen isotope discharge pipe 600 and a heat shield 800.

The outer container 100 maintains vacuum insulation and covers the inner container 200 located therein.

Therefore, the outer container 100 can prevent the external leakage of the hydrogen isotope present in the inner container 200. At this time, the inner surface of the outer container 100 can be minimized radiant heat loss during rapid heating by lowering the surface emissivity through surface polishing (polishing).

The inner container 200 may be formed in a vertical annular cylindrical tube shape.

Specifically, the inner container 200 includes a hollow cylindrical first cylindrical tube 210 and the hollow cylindrical second cylindrical tube 220 which is located in the first cylindrical tube 210, the long axis in the vertical direction It is disposed and may be located in the outer container (100).

That is, the inner container 200 is formed such that the inner diameter of the first cylinder tube 210 is larger than the outer diameter of the second cylinder tube 220, the second cylinder tube 220 is the first cylinder tube 210 By being located in the hollow portion of the) it can be made in an annular shape as a whole.

At this time, the outer surface of the inner container 200 is the same as the inner surface of the outer container 100 to lower the surface emissivity through the surface (polishing) to minimize the radiant heat loss during rapid heating.

In addition, the inner container 200 is the hydrogen isotope inlet pipe 500, the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe 600, the condensed liquid inlet pipe 330 and the evaporation gas discharge pipe 340 to be described later of the thermosiphon loop 300. It can be supported by).

In addition, a high vacuum state may be formed between the outer container 100 and the inner container 200 to reduce convective heat transfer, and helium (He) may be included to increase convective heat transfer.

Meanwhile, the quenched hydrogen isotope storage container 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention has a vertical annular space formed between the first cylinder pipe 210 and the second cylinder pipe 220 of the inner container 200 ( 230 may be provided with a hydrogen storage metal in the form of a powder.

The thermosiphon loop 300 may be installed through the outer container 100 and the inner container 200 to circulate the working fluid into and out of the inner container 200. Accordingly, the temperature of the inner container 200 may be rapidly cooled by the cooling of the working fluid circulating in the thermosiphon loop 300.

Specifically, the thermosiphon loop 300 may include a condenser 310, an evaporator 320, a condensed liquid inlet pipe 330, and an evaporated gas discharge pipe 340.

The condensation unit 310 is provided on the upper portion of the outer container 100 to release heat to the atmosphere at room temperature, the evaporator 320 is provided in the inner container 200 is an internal container during rapid cooling Heat may be absorbed from 200.

In this case, the condensation unit 310 may be made of a copper material having excellent thermal conductivity, and the evaporator 320 may be made of a stainless steel having high strength.

In addition, the condensation liquid inlet pipe 330 penetrates the outer container 100 and the inner container 200 and connects the condenser 310 and the evaporator 320, but the condensed liquid in the condenser 310. May be introduced into the evaporator 320, and the evaporation gas discharge pipe 340 passes through the outer container 100 and the inner container 200 and connects the evaporator 320 and the condenser 310. However, the evaporation gas in the evaporator 320 may be discharged to the condenser 310.

At this time, the condensation liquid inlet pipe 330 and the evaporation gas discharge pipe 340 may be made of a stainless steel material of high strength as the evaporator 320.

In the thermosiphon loop 300, the working fluid evaporated by heat in the evaporator 320 moves to the condenser 310 to condense, and the condensed liquid flows back into the evaporator 320 by gravity. To cycle.

Specifically, the working fluid is condensed in the condensation unit 310 and introduced into the evaporator 320 through the condensed liquid inlet pipe 330 by gravity, and is evaporated by heat in the evaporator 320 to the The temperature in the inner container 200 is quenched.

Thereafter, the working fluid evaporated from the evaporator 320 is discharged to the condenser 310 through the evaporation gas discharge pipe 340 and is recondensed by dissipating heat from the condenser 310 to the outside atmosphere.

On the other hand, the condensed liquid inlet pipe 330 is a flow control valve 331 for opening and closing the condensed liquid inlet pipe 330 to control the flow of the condensed liquid flowing from the condenser 310 to the evaporator 320 ) May be further included.

The flow control valve 331 may be opened and closed according to the need for rapid cooling. When the flow control valve 331 is closed, the working fluid evaporated by the heat of the inner container 200 in the evaporator 320. Is condensed by moving to the condenser 310, but the condensed working fluid does not flow back into the evaporator 320.

As a result, all the working fluid inside the evaporator 320 is evaporated and moved to the condenser 310 so that no further heat transfer occurs.

That is, the flow control valve 331 is opened only when rapid cooling is required to act as a heat switch to discharge heat to the outside.

Meanwhile, the quenched hydrogen isotope storage container 1 includes a heater wire 400 that is brazed in the inner container 200 through the outer container 100 and the inner container 200. can do.

At this time, the heater wire 400 is brazed to each of the first cylindrical pipe 210 and the second cylindrical pipe 220 separately, when one heater wire 400 is disconnected, the other heater wire By operating 400, the hydrogen isotope remaining in the hydrogen storage metal may be safely heated and released.

The vertical annular space 230 is a large area inside space to induce a reaction between the hydrogen isotope and the hydrogen storage metal, the horizontal annular outflow filter 700 for preventing the outflow of the hydrogen storage metal on the top and bottom, respectively It may be provided.

In this case, the horizontal annular outflow filter 700 may be a sintered metal filter, and the hydrogen storage metal may be arranged in multiple stages by installing a plurality of horizontally in the middle of the vertical annular space 230. Therefore, when the amount of the metal hydride is large, the load applied to the horizontal annular outflow filter 700 can be minimized, and heat transfer and mass transfer can be promoted in the metal hydride.

The hydrogen isotope flowing into the vertical annular space 230 passes through the horizontal annular outflow prevention filter 700 and is occluded in the hydrogen storage metal. However, the hydrogen isotope in which the hydrogen isotope is stored is horizontal when hermetic. Since it does not pass through the annular outflow prevention filter 700, the outflow of the hydrogen isotope metal powder can be prevented.

On the other hand, although not shown in the vertical annular space 230 may be provided with a cylindrical outflow prevention filter which is a cylindrical sintered metal filter on the top and bottom, thereby preventing the outflow of the hydrogen storage metal and smooth flow path of the hydrogen isotope It can be provided and the pressure drop can be minimized. At this time, by installing a heat transfer promoting pin (not shown) in the first cylindrical pipe 210 and the second cylindrical pipe 220 can promote heat transfer in the vertical annular space (230).

Since the hydrogen storage metal is thinly spread in the vertical annular space 230 to provide a wide reaction area, it is possible to rapidly occlude hydrogen isotope flowing through the hydrogen isotope inlet pipe 500.

ZrCo, depleted uranium, uranium metal, titanium, palladium, ZrNi, ZiNi _x Co _y (x = 0.01-0.99, y = 1-x), ZrNi _x Co _y Fe _z (x = 0.01-0.99, y = 0.01 ~ 0.99, z = 0.01 ~ 0.99, x + y + z = 1) , and _{Zi x Hf y Co (x =} 0.01 ~ 0.99, preferably one that uses y = 1-x), ZrNi 0 .3 _{Co 0 .7, ZrNi 0 .2 Co} 0 .7 Fe 0 .1, ZrNi 0 .3 Co 0 .5 Fe 0 .2, Zr 0 .5 Hf 0 .5 Co and Zr Hf _{0 .7 0 .3} Co More preferably.

The reason for using the hydrogen storage metal as the above-described metals and alloys is that the metals and alloys are easy to activate, have a large storage capacity for isotopes of hydrogen, absorption rates of hydrogen isotopes and release rates of hydrogen isotopes upon heating. Because of the size.

In addition, the plateau region, which has a heat of reaction suitable for the operating temperature, exhibits a flat pressure during the absorption and release of hydrogen isotopes, is relatively large and its slope is small.

In addition, due to repeated absorption and storage of hydrogen isotopes, it is not easily deteriorated and can be easily regenerated, and the endothelial toxicity to impurity gas is large, the price is relatively inexpensive, the micronization is small, and the durability is excellent.

The hydrogen isotope is stored and stored in the hydrogen storage metal by the occluding chemical reaction as shown in <Reaction Scheme 1>.

<Reaction Scheme 1>

Where M is a hydrogen storage metal, T _n is a hydrogen isotope, and MT _n is a hydrogen isotope metal)

The occlusion chemical reaction is a spontaneous exothermic reaction, and the hydrogen storage metal thinly unfolded in powder form in the vertical annular space 230 of the light area provides a wide reaction area, thereby enabling fast occlusion of the hydrogen isotope. Thus, rapid recovery and safe storage of hydrogen isotopes are possible.

Although not shown, the heater wire 400 is connected through an external power source and an electric wire feed-through, and grooved in the inner container 200 to be brazed. In order to minimize the heat loss of the furnace and also to prevent the leakage of hydrogen isotopes, the outer container 100 and the inner container 200 may be processed and installed as feed-through.

The hydrogen isotope inlet pipe 500 may be formed in a tubular shape penetrating the outer container 100 and the inner container 200, and may introduce an external hydrogen isotope into the vertical annular space 230.

At this time, the hydrogen isotope inlet pipe 500 may be configured to go down to the bottom surface to discharge the hydrogen isotope from the lower surface of the powder.

The hydrogen isotope discharge pipe 600 is formed in a tubular shape penetrating the outer container 100 and the inner container 200, it is possible to discharge the hermetic hydrogen isotope of the vertical annular space 230 to the supply destination. .

The heat shield 800 is formed between the outer container 100 and the inner container 200 to block heat and prevent the leakage of hydrogen isotopes, and the surface is plated with silver to minimize radiant heat transfer.

Figure 2 is a schematic second front view of a quench hydrogen storage isotope container according to an embodiment of the present invention.

On the other hand, quenching hydrogen isotope storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include a helium loop tube 900, as shown in FIG.

The helium loop tube 900 is brazed in the inner container 200 through the outer container 100 and the inner container 200, and the hydrogen isotope in the vertical annular space 230 is provided. Helium gas flows in and out to circulate for metering.

At this time, the helium loop pipe 900 may be provided separately in the first cylinder pipe 210 and the second cylinder pipe 220, respectively, although not shown, a circulation pump (not shown) to adjust the circulation flow rate And flow controllers (not shown) may be used.

Meanwhile, although not shown, the helium loop tube 900 is formed in a structure in which one inlet is connected to a plurality of branch pipes by an inlet manifold and the plurality of branch pipes are connected to one outlet by a discharge manifold. This allows rapid cooling heat transfer and can be connected in series or in parallel with a helium loop tube that penetrates the outer and inner containers of a plurality of different quenched hydrogen isotope storage containers.

As described above, the hydrogen isotope is moved to the vertical annular space 230 through the hydrogen isotope inlet pipe 500 and then occluded in a hydrogen storage metal in the vertical annular space 230 to be a hydrogen isotope metal. Hydrogen isotope in the hydrogen isotope is metered by the helium gas, and the hydrogen isotope in the metal isotopically desorbed by heating using the heater wire 400 to the hydrogen isotope. The element discharge pipe 600 is rapidly transported to the supply source.

On the other hand, in order to measure the hydrogen isotope in the hydrogen isotope can be measured the amount of hydrogen isotope by measuring the heat of decay of the hydrogen isotope in the metal.

Specifically, the hydrogen isotope generates a decay heat of 0.324 watt / gram while undergoing a beta decay process, and by measuring the decay heat, the amount of hydrogen isotope in the vertical annular space 230 can be reversely measured. have.

That is, the heat of decay of hydrogen isotopes in the vertical annular space 230 is determined from the temperature difference of the circulating gas inlet and outlet of the helium loop tube 800 installed in the inner container 200, the flow rate of the circulating gas, and the specific heat of the circulating gas. It can be calculated by the following Equation 1.

Where Q is the hydrogen isotope decay heat, m is the flow rate of the circulating gas, C _P is the specific heat of the circulating gas, and ΔT is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the circulating gas.

Meanwhile, although not shown, the quenched hydrogen isotope storage container 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is a thermocouple, a helium gas flow meter, a thermostat, a rupture disk, and a hydrogen isotope pressure. Meter and hydrogen isotope flow meter may be further included.

The thermocouple (not shown) feed-throughs to the heat shield 800 and the outer container 100 and the inner container 200 to minimize the heat loss to the outside and to prevent the leakage of hydrogen isotopes. It is fastened to the inner container 200 or helium loop tube 900 is connected to measure the temperature of each part.

The helium gas flow meter (not shown) may be installed in the helium loop pipe 900 to measure and record the flow rate of the helium gas, and to alarm an overload.

The thermostat (not shown) may be installed in the helium loop tube 900 to heat or cool the helium gas to a predetermined temperature to introduce a constant temperature.

For example, the helium gas may be set to about 35 ℃ higher than the installation environment temperature of the outer container 100 by the thermostat.

The rupture disk (not shown) is installed in the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe 600 may protect the outer container 100 and the inner container 200 when the hydrogen isotope is overpressure.

The hydrogen isotope pressure gauge (not shown) is installed on the rupture disk (rupture disk) to measure and record the pressure of the hydrogen isotope that is rapidly transported to the supply, it can be alarmed at the set temperature.

The hydrogen isotope flow meter (not shown) may be installed in the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe 600 to measure and record the flow rate of the hydrogen isotope rapidly transported to the supply destination.

Figure 3 is a graph showing the heating rate using the quench hydrogen isotope storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a test example of the heating rate of the inner container according to the specifications of the inner container and the heater will be described in detail.

<Experimental Example 1>

 An experimental example for storing hydrogen as ZrCo metal powder is as follows. In the case of heating to 350 ° C. (623 K) when degassing and cooling to 35 ° C. (308 K) when occluding, heating and cooling performance are as follows.

For example, when storing 70 g of hydrogen, ZrCo needs 1.25 kg. Since the density of ZrCoH ₂ is 1.645 g / cm ³ , the volume of ZrCoH ₂ is 760 cm ³ . Therefore, an inner container with an inner diameter of 146 mm and an outer diameter of 166 mm is made of stainless steel having a thickness of 5 mm.

The inner container was manufactured with the same specifications as above, and heat was applied to the heater of 18 kW to observe the rate at which the inner container was heated.

The result of the high speed heating in such an inner container shows the temperature achieved for 4 minutes when supplying 18 kW, as shown in FIG.

That is, it was confirmed that the inner container reached 350 ° C. within about 2.7 minutes, and the temperature reached about 500 ° C. in about 4 minutes, thereby achieving high speed heating.

The inner vessel in contact with the hydrogen isotope metal for the smooth supply of hydrogen isotopes to the tokamak should preferably reach the desired temperature within 10 minutes.

Through the <Experimental Example 1>, it can be seen that the quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to the present invention is suitable as a hydrogen isotope storage supply container because the inner container reaches 350 ~ 500 ℃ within a few minutes.

The target temperature of 500 ° C. is based on the fact that hydrogen isotopes are desorbed at about 400 ° C. for depleted uranium and at about 350 ° C. for ZrCo.

Figure 4 is a graph showing the cooling rate using the quench hydrogen isotope storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a test example of the cooling rate of the inner container according to the specification of the inner container will be described in detail.

<Experimental Example 2>

The only heat transfer path from the outer container, which is a vacuum insulated container, to the outside is the conduction heat transfer through the hydrogen isotope inlet tube, the hydrogen isotope outlet tube, the condensed liquid inlet tube of the thermosiphon loop and the evaporation gas outlet tube.

Opening the flow control valve installed in the condensed liquid inlet pipe connected from the condenser to the evaporator of the thermosiphon loop, the thermosiphon loop operates normally, and the heat of the hot inner container is discharged to the atmosphere by the thermosiphon loop. The thermosiphon loop has a stainless steel tube with an inner diameter of 4.57 mm, an outer diameter of 6.35 mm and a length of 300 mm.

The high speed cooling result in the inner container as described above shows the cooling temperature achieved for 40 minutes, as shown in FIG.

That is, it was confirmed that the inner container reached a temperature of about 250 ° C. in about 39 minutes from the initial 500 ° C., thereby achieving fast cooling.

The inner container in contact with the metal isotope of hydrogen should preferably reach the desired temperature within 120 minutes for smooth hydrogen isotope recovery from the tokamak.

Through Experimental Example 2, it can be seen that the quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to the present invention is suitable as a hydrogen isotope storage supply container because the inner container is cooled to 250 ° C. within 39 minutes.

The target temperature of 250 ° C is based on the fact that the hydrogen storage uranium metal occludes the hydrogen isotope. At this time, of course, additional cooling is also possible using a separate helium loop tube.

As described above with reference to the drawings illustrating a quenched hydrogen isotope storage container according to the present invention, the present invention is not limited by the embodiments and drawings disclosed herein, but within the technical scope of the present invention Of course, various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art.

1: Hydrogen isotope storage container
100: outer container 200: inner container
210: first cylindrical clearance 220: second cylindrical clearance
230: vertical annular space 300: thermosiphon loop
310: condensation part 320: evaporation part
330: condensed liquid inlet pipe 331: flow control valve
340: evaporation gas discharge pipe 400: heater
500: hydrogen isotope inlet tube 600: hydrogen isotope outlet tube
700: horizontal annular outflow filter 800: heat shield plate
900: helium loop tube

Claims (25)

Outer container;
An inner container including a first cylindrical pipe located in the outer container and a second cylindrical pipe located in the first cylindrical pipe, wherein the inner container is formed of a vertical annular cylindrical pipe having a long axis in a vertical direction;
A thermosiphon loop installed through the outer container and the inner container to circulate a working fluid into and out of the inner container;
A hydrogen storage metal in powder form provided in a vertical annular space formed between the first cylinder tube and the second cylinder tube;
A heater wire provided between the outer container and the inner container and brazed in the inner container;
A hydrogen isotope inlet pipe installed through the outer container and the inner container to introduce an external hydrogen isotope into the vertical annular space;
A hydrogen isotope discharge pipe installed through the outer container and the inner container to discharge hydrogen isotopes in the vertical annular space to a supply source; And
Is formed between the outer container and the inner container includes a heat shield to block heat and prevent the leakage of the hydrogen isotope,
The hydrogen isotope is moved to the vertical annular space through the hydrogen isotope inlet pipe and then stored in a hydrogen storage metal in the vertical annular space and stored in the hydrogen isotope metal, and the water is heated by the heater wire. Hydrogen isotopes in the metal isotopic desorbed are rapidly transported to the supply through the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe, the temperature of the inner container is rapidly cooled by the cooling of the working fluid circulating the thermosiphon loop,
The thermosiphon loop is,
A condenser provided on an upper portion of the outer container;
An evaporator provided in the inner container;
A condensation liquid inlet pipe passing through the outer container and the inner container and connecting the condensation unit and the evaporation unit to introduce the condensation liquid in the condensation unit to the evaporation unit; And
And an evaporation gas discharge pipe passing through the outer container and the inner container and connecting the evaporator and the condenser, and discharging the evaporated gas in the evaporator to the condenser.
The working fluid is condensed in the condenser and introduced into the evaporator through the condensed liquid inlet pipe, evaporated in the evaporator to quench the temperature in the inner container, and discharged into the condenser through the evaporation gas discharge pipe. A quenching hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that the condensation unit releases heat to the atmosphere and is recondensed.
delete The method of claim 1,
The condensed liquid inlet pipe further comprises a flow control valve for opening and closing the condensed liquid inlet pipe to control the flow of the condensed liquid flowing from the condenser to the evaporator.
The method of claim 1,
The condensation unit is made of a copper material,
The evaporator, the condensed liquid inlet pipe and the evaporation gas discharge pipe is a quenching hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that made of stainless steel.
The method of claim 1,
It further comprises a helium loop pipe that is provided through the outer vessel and the inner vessel brazing (brazing) in the inner vessel and helium gas flows in and out to circulate the hydrogen isotope in the vertical annular space,
And a hydrogen isotope in the hydrogen isotope is metered by the helium gas.
The method of claim 1,
The vertical annular space is quenched hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that the upper and lower horizontal annular outflow prevention filter is provided to prevent the outflow of the hydrogen storage metal, respectively.
The method according to claim 6,
The horizontal annular outflow filter is a quenched hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that the sintered metal filter.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7,
The horizontal annular outflow prevention filter is quenched hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that a plurality of horizontal installation in the vertical annular space.
The method of claim 1,
The vertical annular space is provided with a cylindrical outflow prevention filter for preventing the outflow of the hydrogen storage metal in the upper and lower,
The cylindrical outflow prevention filter is a quenched hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that the cylindrical sintered metal filter.
The method of claim 1,
The first cylinder tube or the second cylinder tube is quenched hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that the heat transfer promoting pin is installed to promote heat transfer in the vertical annular space.
The method of claim 1,
The heater wire is a quenched hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that provided separately in the first cylinder tube and the second cylinder tube.
6. The method of claim 5,
The helium loop pipe is a quenched hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that provided separately in the first cylinder pipe and the second cylinder pipe.
6. The method of claim 5,
The helium loop pipe is a quench hydrogen storage container, characterized in that one inlet is connected to the plurality of branch pipes by the inlet manifold, the plurality of branch pipes are connected to one outlet port by the discharge manifold. .
6. The method of claim 5,
The helium loop tube is quenched hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that connected in series or in parallel with the helium loop pipe passing through the outer container and the inner container of the plurality of different vertical hydrogen isotope storage container.
The method of claim 1,
The hydrogen storage metal ZrCo, depleted uranium, uranium, titanium, _{palladium, ZrNi, ZiNi x Co y (} x = 0.01 ~ 0.99, y = 1-x), ZrNi x Co y Fe z (x = 0.01 ~ 0.99, y Quenching, characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of = 0.01-0.99, z = 0.01-0.99, x + y + z = 1) and Zi _x Hf _y Co (x = 0.01-0.99, y = 1-x) Hydrogen isotope containers.
The method of claim 1,
The hydrogen storage metal _{ZrNi 0 .3 Co 0 .7, ZrNi} 0 .2 Co 0 .7 Fe 0 .1, ZrNi 0 .3 Co 0 .5 Fe 0 .2, Zr 0.5 Hf 0.5 Co and Zr _{0 .7} quenching expression hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that selected from the group consisting of Hf _{0 .3} Co.
The method of claim 1,
The heat shield plate is quenched hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that the surface is plated with silver.
6. The method of claim 5,
And a thermocouple connected to the inner vessel, the vertical annular cylindrical tube, or the helium loop tube to measure the temperature of each portion.
6. The method of claim 5,
And a helium gas flow meter installed in the helium loop pipe to measure and record the flow rate of the helium gas, and to alarm an overload alarm.
6. The method of claim 5,
The quench-type hydrogen isotope storage container is installed in the helium loop tube, characterized in that it comprises a thermostat for heating or cooling the helium gas to a predetermined temperature to flow into a constant temperature.
The method of claim 1,
And a rupture disk installed in the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe to protect the outer container and the inner container when the hydrogen isotope is overpressure.
22. The method of claim 21,
Hydrogen isotopic pressure is installed on the rupture disk (rupture disk) to measure and record the pressure of the hydrogen isotope that is rapidly transported to the supply, and the hydrogen isotope pressure gauge that includes a hydrogen isotope pressure gauge that sounds an alarm at a set temperature Element storage container.
The method of claim 1,
And a hydrogen isotope flow meter installed in the hydrogen isotope discharge pipe to measure and record a flow rate of the hydrogen isotope rapidly transferred to the supply source.
The method of claim 1,
A quenched hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that a high vacuum (High vacuum) state is formed between the outer container and the inner container to reduce convective heat transfer.
The method of claim 1,
Quenching hydrogen isotope storage container, characterized in that helium (He) to increase the convection heat transfer between the outer container and the inner container.

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