KR101210646B1 - LED having vertical structure and method of making the same - Google Patents
LED having vertical structure and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
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- KR101210646B1 KR101210646B1 KR1020060042861A KR20060042861A KR101210646B1 KR 101210646 B1 KR101210646 B1 KR 101210646B1 KR 1020060042861 A KR1020060042861 A KR 1020060042861A KR 20060042861 A KR20060042861 A KR 20060042861A KR 101210646 B1 KR101210646 B1 KR 101210646B1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a vertical light emitting device, and more particularly, to a vertical light emitting device having a high quality semiconductor thin film having high conductivity and a method of manufacturing the same. The present invention, the first electrode; A first conductive layer on the first electrode; An active layer positioned on the first conductive layer; A second conductive layer on the active layer, the second conductive layer comprising at least one semiconductor layer and at least one conductive semiconductor layer; It is preferably configured to include a second electrode located on the second conductive layer.
Conductive, LED, dopant, GaN, semiconductor.
Description
1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a second conductive layer of the present invention.
2 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1.
3 is a graph showing the source gas injection when forming the mixed layer of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a graph showing the source gas injection when forming the conductive semiconductor layer of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the manufacturing step of the light emitting device of the present invention.
6 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a light emitting device of the present invention.
<Brief description of the main parts of the drawing>
100
210: nucleation layer 220: mixed layer
230: conductive semiconductor layer 300: active layer
400: first conductive layer 500: p-type electrode
510: ohmic electrode 520: reflective electrode
600: support layer 710: n-type electrode
720: electrode pad
The present invention relates to a vertical light emitting device, and more particularly, to a vertical light emitting device having a semiconductor thin film with improved conductivity and quality, and a method of manufacturing the same.
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are well-known semiconductor light emitting devices that convert current into light.In 1962, red LEDs using GaAsP compound semiconductors were commercialized, along with GaP: N series green LEDs. It has been used as a light source for display images of electronic devices, including.
The wavelength of light emitted by such LEDs depends on the semiconductor material used to make the LEDs. This is because the wavelength of the emitted light depends on the band-gap of the semiconductor material, which represents the energy difference between the valence band electrons and the conduction band electrons.
Gallium nitride compound semiconductors (Gallium Nitride (GaN)) have high thermal stability and wide bandgap (0.8 to 6.2 eV), which has attracted much attention in the development of high-power electronic components including LEDs.
One reason for this is that GaN can be combined with other elements (indium (In), aluminum (Al), etc.) to produce semiconductor layers that emit green, blue and white light.
This adjustable emission wavelength allows the material to be tailored to specific device characteristics. For example, GaN can be used to create a white LED that can replace the blue LEDs and incandescent lamps that are beneficial for optical recording.
Due to the advantages of these GaN-based materials, the GaN-based LED market is growing rapidly. Therefore, since commercial introduction in 1994, GaN-based optoelectronic device technology has rapidly developed.
The basic structure of the above-mentioned nitride semiconductor LED thin film layer is composed of a gallium nitride layer, an n-type gallium nitride layer, a light emitting layer, and a p-type gallium nitride layer in order on a heterogeneous substrate.
The n-type gallium nitride layer and the p-type gallium nitride layer are electrically conductive thin films, and a conventional method for manufacturing a nitride semiconductor thin film having such conductivity is a source of elements constituting the thin film during thin film growth. source gases and dopant gases are injected together into the growth equipment.
In this case, the dopant is incorporated into the thin film during the growth of the thin film, and the electrons or holes are supplied into the thin film according to the properties of the dopant to have the electrical conductivity of the p-type or n-type thin film.
At this time, the dopants for supplying electrons or holes in the thin film are placed in a substitutional position in the lattice position of the main elements constituting the thin film in the thin film and are evenly distributed throughout.
As described above, when the conductive thin film is manufactured, the dopants occupy the positions of the lattice sites of the main elements in the thin film during the thin film growth, thereby changing the surface characteristics and the growth mode of the growing thin film.
In particular, when a high electrical conductivity is required, the amount of dopant to be injected increases, in which case a significant change occurs in the surface characteristics and the growth mode of the growing thin film.
In the case of a nitride semiconductor thin film, when a large amount of dopant is injected, the surface mobility of atoms deposited on the growing thin film surface is greatly reduced, and thus, the crystallinity of the nitride semiconductor thin film is greatly reduced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in an effort to provide a vertical light emitting device having a high quality nitride semiconductor thin film having high conductivity without deterioration of thin film crystallinity and a method of manufacturing the same.
As a first aspect for achieving the above technical problem, the present invention, the first electrode; A first conductive layer on the first electrode; An active layer positioned on the first conductive layer; A second conductive layer on the active layer, the second conductive layer comprising at least one semiconductor layer and at least one conductive semiconductor layer; It is preferably configured to include a second electrode located on the second conductive layer.
At least a portion of the second conductive layer may be alternately positioned between the semiconductor layer and the conductive semiconductor layer.
Preferably, the first conductive layer is a p-type semiconductor layer, and the second conductive layer is an n-type semiconductor layer, wherein the conductive semiconductor layer of the second conductive layer is a semiconductor layer containing a silicon dopant. desirable.
The second conductive layer may include: a mixed layer in which at least one semiconductor layer and at least one first conductive semiconductor layer are alternately positioned; It may be configured to include a second conductive semiconductor layer in contact with the mixed layer, in some cases, may further include a nucleation layer.
The first electrode may include an ohmic electrode; It may be configured to include a reflective electrode, the lower side of the first electrode, may further include a support layer made of a metal or a semiconductor.
As a second aspect for achieving the above technical problem, the present invention, forming a second conductive layer including at least one semiconductor layer and at least one conductive semiconductor layer on the substrate; Forming an active layer on the second conductive layer; Forming a first conductive layer on the active layer; Forming a first electrode on the first conductive layer; Separating the substrate; And forming a second electrode on the surface of the second conductive layer from which the substrate is separated.
The forming of the second conductive layer may be performed by repeatedly injecting or blocking a dopant on at least a portion of the semiconductor source on the substrate.
More specifically, the forming of the second conductive layer includes: forming a nucleation layer using a semiconductor source; Repeatedly injecting or blocking a dopant on the nucleation layer in a semiconductor source to form a mixed layer; It is preferably configured to form a conductive semiconductor layer comprising a semiconductor source and a dopant on the mixed layer.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, first, a second
Hereinafter, the second
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view illustrating a state in which the second
In the case of a nitride semiconductor (GaN) thin film, since the same substrate is not commercially available yet, the nitride semiconductor thin film is grown on a
As such, when the nitride semiconductor thin film is grown on the
Among these crystal defects, threading dislocations in particular penetrate into the thin film and propagate through the light emitting layer of the device to the surface. Therefore, in order to manufacture a high performance device, it is required to grow a high quality nitride thin film having a low crystal defect density.
The
Then, the growth temperature is raised to a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or more to grow a high temperature nitride thin film layer on the island-
At this time, in order to grow a high-definition thin film of low crystal defects, the thin film growth starts on the island-shaped initial nuclei and the degree of lateral growth is important at the same time as the vertical growth.
As thin-film growth continues, the early islands meet and mix with each other by lateral growth.
At this time, the pinholes are deeply formed in the portions where the islands meet laterally. These pinholes fill gradually as the thin film growth continues vertically and simultaneously with the vertical growth, and the thin film surface eventually becomes flat.
As described above, the nitride semiconductor grown on the
At this time, the evolution from flat to thin film is highly dependent on the lateral growth rate of the film.
However, when silicon (Si) is implanted with an n-type dopant during nitride thin film growth, the silicon dopant changes the surface characteristics at the thin film growth surface, thereby decreasing the mobility of major elements on the surface, thereby increasing the lateral growth rate of the thin film. Lowers.
In general, conventional light emitting devices implement a high performance device having high quality crystallinity by continuously growing an active layer and a p-type thin film layer on the n-type nitride thin film.
However, in the case of the vertical light emitting device, since the n-type electrode metal layer should be formed on the exposed surface after removing the heterogeneous substrate, the exposed thin film should be an n-type nitride thin film having excellent electrical conductivity.
The present invention can form a high quality conductive n-type nitride semiconductor layer by repeating injection and blocking of dopants periodically.
That is, the
As shown in FIG. 3, the
The thickness of the
As described above, the dopant is periodically implanted and grown thin film is maintained at a high temperature for a certain time, or in the subsequent process step, the dopant is dispersed by thermal diffusion process, and eventually the entire
As such, while the dopant is injected during the growth of the thin film, the surface properties of the thin film are changed and the growth behavior is changed, resulting in crystalline degeneration.
However, while dopant implantation is blocked, the surface properties of the growing thin film are restored and eventually the crystallinity of the thin film is restored. Therefore, the repetition of implantation and blocking of the dopant minimizes the deterioration of thin film crystallinity by the dopant.
In particular, when the n-type nitride thin film is grown on a heterogeneous substrate, the dopant effect on the growth behavior of the thin film is very large.
As such, when the second
In the continuous dopant implantation to form the
In this process, the second
As described above, the
The
In the
In addition, the
The first
A thin n-
Thereafter, the p-type electrode 500 is formed. The p-type electrode 500 may include a transparent
The
The
When the
Thereafter, the process of removing the
The substrate 10 may be removed by a laser using a so-called laser lift off method, or may be removed by a chemical method using an etching method.
In the process of removing the
As described above, the second
In this case, the outer surface of the second
As described above, an n-
<Examples>
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
In this embodiment, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is used to grow the nitride semiconductor thin film.
Sapphire is used as the
Organometallic gallium (TMGa), organometallic indium, and organometallic aluminum were used as gallium, indium and aluminum sources, respectively. The n-type dopant was made of silicon (Si), and the p-type dopant was made of magnesium (Mg). Siylene (SiH 4 ) is used as the silicon source gas.
The second
First, the
Next, after increasing the growth temperature to 1030 ℃ large amount of silicon source gas is injected with gallium source gas and ammonia.
At this time, the injection of the silicon source gas has a predetermined period during the growth of the thin film to grow the
The injection and blocking of the silicon source gas is controlled so that the thickness of the thin film having the dopant is 50 nm and the thickness of the thin film having no dopant is 50 nm. At this time, the repetition cycle is repeated 20 times.
Then, the growth of the
After the growth of the second
The first
In order to facilitate the injection of holes, the
Next, after the
The above embodiment is an example for explaining the technical idea of the present invention in detail, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, various modifications are possible, and various embodiments of the technical idea are all of the present invention. Naturally, it belongs to the scope of protection.
The present invention as described above has the following effects.
First, in the growth of the conductive layer, a high quality nitride semiconductor thin film having high conductivity can be produced by repeating the injection and blocking of dopants at regular cycles without deterioration of thin film crystallinity.
Second, the conductive layer according to the present invention has a high conductivity, and at the same time the nitride semiconductor thin film having high quality crystallinity will greatly improve the device performance of the nitride semiconductor optical device and optoelectronic device.
Moreover, the vertical optical device grown on the dissimilar substrate will greatly improve its productivity.
Claims (14)
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