KR101198882B1 - Method for improving organic selenium production - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a method for improving organic selenium productivity, more specifically in organic selenium production method using yeast, using the S. cerevisiae 6M (KACC93114P) mutant strain as the strain and optimization of carbon source or nitrogen source for productivity improvement It is an invention related to a condition.

Description

Method for improving organic selenium production

The present invention is a method for improving organic selenium productivity, more specifically in organic selenium production method using yeast, using the S. cerevisiae 6M (KACC93114P) mutant strain as the strain and optimization of carbon source or nitrogen source for productivity improvement It is an invention related to a condition.

As agriculture develops intensively, the quantity of fine minerals available in the soil is decreasing year after year. As a result, trace minerals are scarce in crops produced in soil. Therefore, in general, in order to supplement the deficiency of trace minerals in feed grains and forages, it is necessary to add inorganic trace minerals in the feed formulation.

Selenium, one of the important trace minerals for livestock, is a semi-metal with chemical properties similar to sulfur (S), a group 6b element with atomic number 34 and molecular weight of 78.96, and is reduced to selenide (Se ^-2 ), When oxidized, they may be present as selenite (Se ⁺⁴ ) or selenate (Se ⁺⁶ ). In general soils, selenium content is very low (1 ppm), but depending on the region, the soil content is so high that selenium transfers to plants and causes selenosis in animals and humans who eat the plants (Kim YY 2000). J. Anim. Sci. & Technol. (Kor.) 42 (6): 835-848).

Selenium was named by the Swedish chemist JJ Berzelius in 1817 in the residues of sulfuric acid produced during the metal smelting process. However, by Schwarz and Foltz, selenium is known to be a substance that can prevent liver damage in rats, and it was later discovered that it was a component of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), which physiologically plays an antioxidant role in the cytoplasm (Rotruck JT, et al. 1973. Science. 179: 588-590) Selenium is recognized as an essential trace mineral. Selenium deficiency decreases the activity of GSH-Px and does not effectively remove peroxides (H ₂ O ₂ ) during metabolism, causing cell dysfunction or cell destruction (Eklow L., et al. 1981. FEBS Lett 127: 125-128).

The deficiency of selenium in animals and humans causes a variety of metabolic diseases. Major physiological changes include growth retardation, skin disease, hair loss, blindness, reproduction, and liver or muscle necrosis (Kohrl J., et al. 2000. Biol Chem 381 (9-10): 849-864). White muscle disease in sheep and cattle is caused by necrosis of muscle tissue, and muscle-specific myogloblin is destroyed by oxides such as H ₂ O ₂ formed in the body due to deficiency of selenium. The redness of the muscles and the thinning of the muscle as a whole make it a good way to easily determine whether slaughtered animals have selenium deficiency (Schwarz K. 1976. Essentiality and metabolic functions of selenium.Med.Clin North America. 60: 745-757.

The selenium deficiency is common in grazing ruminants around the world, especially in young animals born to mothers with selenium deficiency, but it is difficult to visually identify deficiencies in late-stage animals (Ammerman CB). and SM Miller. 1975. Selenium in ruminant nutrition: A review.J. Dairy Sci. 58: 1561-1577).

In chickens, selenium deficiency has hepatic necrosis, muscle atrophy, exudative disease, pancreatic fibrosis, poor plumage, immunodeficiency, decreased fertility, and many other symptoms (Shamberger RJ 1983. Selenium deficiency diseases in animals. Pages 31-58 In: Biochemistry of Selenium.Plenum press, New York, NY 10013). On the other hand, laying hens fed low-energy selenium diets were 54-58%, but the addition of selenium significantly improved egg laying rates (75-80%) (Latshaw JD and Osman. 1974. A selenium and vitamin E responsive condition in the laying hen.Poultry Sci. 53: 1704-1708).

The discovery of selenium as an antioxidant component of GSH-Px in the body of animals led the US FDA in 1974 to allow the addition of 0.1 ppm of inorganic selenium to all pig feeds. Also, in 1987, the FDA revised the addition of 0.3 ppm mineral selenium to all pig feeds. On June 6, 2000, the US FDA approved the use of selenium yeast in the form of organic selenium for the first time in poultry feed. Currently, the Enforcement Decree of the Korean Feed Control Act suggests that the allowable range of selenium that can be added to blended feed is 4 ppm for pigs and poultry, and 2 ppm for other livestock, including beef and cattle.

Since inorganic selenium (selenite or selenate) is absorbed by simple diffusion, its apparent digestibility is generally higher than organic selenium transported by active transport (Kim YY and D. C Mahan. 2001. Asian-Aus. J.). Sci. 14 (2): 243-249). However, most of the mineral selenium absorbed is excreted again through the urine, and the amount of selenium actually accumulated in the body is higher when the organic selenium is added to the body, which is less excreted in vitro (Kim YY and DC mahan). 2001. J. Anim. Sci).

The absorbed selenium is transported and accumulated through the blood to various tissues in the body, with the highest concentrations in the liver and kidney. In animal blood, selenium shows short-term nutrition, but since selenium takes a long time to accumulate in tissue, selenium concentration in tissues shows long-term selenium nutrition. The selenium concentration in the liver of animal tissue can be used as a good indicator of selenium deficiency in animals (Ammerman C. B. and S. M. Miller. 1975. A review. J. Dairy Sci. 58: 1561-1577). The amount of accumulation also varies depending on the tissues in which the organic form is generally higher than the inorganic selenium (Kim YY and D. C Mahan. 2001. Asian-Aus. J. Animal. Sci. 14 (2)). : 243-249).

Unlike humans and animals, plants have the ability to convert sodium selenite to selenomethionine. More than 80% of the total selenium in soybean meal, wheat and corn is in this organic form. When it is fed to livestock, it is accumulated and used in tissues such as muscles and liver. Therefore, the role of selenomethionine is very important by accumulating the necessary amount of protein in the body for reproduction and disease prevention.

Meanwhile, Saccharomyces Yeast extract produced by autolysis of cerevisiae is widely used as a raw material for microbial fermentation medium, seasoning, and health food (Choi SJ and Chung BH 1998. Korean J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 13: 308-311 ). The advantage of S. cerevisiae as a biosorbent for metal absorption is that S. cerevisiae can be easily mass-produced using uncomplicated fermentation techniques, the growth medium is inexpensive and the cell mass is high. S. cerevisiae can be obtained from a variety of foods and industrial beverages, and the supply of S. cerevisiae to waste residuals is considered to be fundamentally safe. In general, S. cerevisiae is not only widely accepted in practical applications, but also an ideal model organism for elucidating the mechanism of absorption of metal-microbial interactions in metal ion removal, particularly at the molecular level.

The present invention solves the above problems and the object of the present invention is to provide a yeast mutant strain with high organic selenium production efficiency.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the productivity of organic selenium.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an organic selenium production method using yeast, characterized in that S. cerevisiae 6M (KACC93114P) mutant strain is used as the strain in the organic selenium production method using yeast.

In one embodiment of the invention, the method is S. cerevisiae 6M (KACC93114P) mutant strain is preferred to add galactose as a carbon source during the culture, and S. cerevisiae 6M (KACC93114P) peptone as the nitrogen source during the culture mutant strain It is preferable to add, and it is preferable to add magnesium sulfate or potassium chloride as a mineral in culturing S. cerevisiae 6M (KACC93114P) mutant strain, but is not limited thereto.

The present invention is described below.

In the present invention, the strains having excellent organic selenium production efficiency among wild type strains were searched, and after the UV mutation was performed to develop a further improved strain, the culture components and culture conditions were optimized to improve organic selenium productivity.

First, in the present invention, UV type mutants of wild type S. cerevisiae and S. cerevisiae with excellent organic selenium productivity were selected.

Among 13 S. cerevisiae wild type strains, S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 was selected as the wild type strain for UV mutagenesis because of its highest selenium uptake efficiency. UV mutagenesis was performed on the S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 through 5 minutes of UV irradiation, and mutant strains surviving at 2000 ppm of selenium were selected to compare selenium uptake efficiency. S. cerevisiae among strains produced by mutations 6M strain showed the highest selenium uptake. UV mutant S. cerevisiae 6M is wild type S. cerevisiae Selenium production efficiency increased 1.23 times than KCCM 12635.

S. cerevisiae of the present invention The 6M strain was deposited as KACC93114P at the National Institute of Agricultural Science, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Seodun-dong, Suwon-si, Korea, on December 21, 2010.

Next, in the present invention, the culture conditions of S. cerevisiae 6M with enhanced selenium uptake efficiency by UV mutation were performed.

S. cerevisiae In 6M fed-batch culture, various concentrations of selenium were arranged at levels of 0, 31, 63, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm, and selenium was added at concentrations of 0 hours for culture for 24 hours at 30 ° C and 180 rpm. Incubated for The highest selenium uptake was observed when the concentration of selenium in the culture was 125 ppm. When selenium was added at 0, 3 and 9 hours, organic selenium production was highest when selenium was added at 0 hours. Selenium was incubated for 24 hours after adding 0 hours of selenium, and the highest selenium yield was obtained at 9 hours of culture. In addition, when the initial pH was investigated from 3 to 7, the selenium production was the highest at 10.87 mg / L when the initial pH was adjusted to 6.

Next, in the present invention, optimization of the medium for increasing the organic selenium production efficiency in fed-batch culture of the mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M was performed.

As a carbon source, glucose, fructose, sucrose, galactose, maltose and lactose were added, and selenium uptake was the highest when galactose was added, and yeast extract, malt extract, peptone, urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate as nitrogen sources. In addition, selenium uptake was the highest when peptone was added. When glucose and galactose were used as the carbon source, and peptone was used as the nitrogen source, the C / N ratio was 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. When the C / N ratio of glucose and peptone was 7, the selenium uptake was the most. Many. To investigate the effect of mineral addition on selenium uptake, a total of 12 minerals (MgSO ₄ , KCl, K ₂ HPO ₄ , KH ₂ PO ₄ , NaCl, CaCl ₂ , FeSO ₄ , ZnSO ₄ , MnSO ₄ , MgCl ₂ , CuSO ₄ and FeCl ₃ ) were added 0.05% each, and the highest selenium uptake was observed when MgSO ₄ and KCl were added. The optimum concentrations of glucose, peptone, MgSO ₄ and KCl were investigated to optimize the medium by Response surface model. The experiments were designed with Box-Behnken design with three levels of each media component, and a total of 27 experiments were performed. As a result, the optimal concentrations of glucose, peptone, MgSO ₄ and KCl were 27.73, 11.40, 0.30, 0.81 g / L, and the expected response of total selenium production was 31.57 mg / L.

In order to enhance the production efficiency of organic selenium in the present invention, 6M mutant strain isolated from various wild type S. cerevisiae isolates by UV irradiation was added to the optimal culture conditions in fed-batch, and the addition of selenium at 0 hours of culture. The culture was completed at 9 hours, the concentration of selenium in the culture medium was 125 ppm, and the initial pH of the culture was 6.

In addition, galactose was the most efficient carbon source and peptone was the most efficient carbon source. The C / N ratio of glucose and peptone was 7, and when magnesium sulfate and potassium chloride were added as mineral sources, the production efficiency of organic selenium was the highest. It was supposed to be possible.

As can be seen through the present invention, experiments were performed to match the optimal culture conditions for the production of selenium yeast of the mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M. The selenium uptake was the highest when the concentration of selenium was 125 ppm. The selenium uptake was highest after 9 hours of incubation with selenium at 0 hours. In addition, selenium uptake was the highest when the initial pH was 6.

In addition, the medium was optimized to increase the production efficiency of selenium yeast of mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M. Among the carbon sources, selenium uptake was the highest when galactose was added, and the selenium uptake was the highest when nitrogen was added with peptone. In addition, the C / N ratio by carbon source was highest when the C / N ratio was 7 for glucose and peptone. The selenium uptake was the highest when MgSO ₄ and KCl were added, respectively. When the concentration of glucose, peptone, MgSO ₄ and KCl was 27.73, 11.40, 0.30 and 0.81 g / L, the response surface response was 31.57 mg / L.

From the above results, in the fed-batch culture of S. cerevisiae 6M, after adding selenium at culture time 0 hours, the culture was completed at 9 hours, the concentration of selenium in the culture medium was 125 ppm, and the initial pH of the culture was adjusted to 6. The production efficiency is the highest, and galactose is the most efficient carbon source and peptone is the most efficient nitrogen source. The ratio of glucose and peptone is 7 and magnesium sulfate and potassium chloride are added as mineral sources. In addition, the organic selenium production efficiency was shown to be the highest.

1 is a graph showing the dry cell weight of several wild type S. cerevisiae strains cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three iterations.
Figure 2 is a graph showing the selenium concentration of several wild type S. cerevisiae strains cultured in YM medium containing 125ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three iterations.
Figure 3 is a graph showing the total selenium production of several wild-type S. cerevisiae strains cultured in YM medium containing 125ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three iterations.
Figure 4 is a graph showing the dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae strains cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three iterations.
5 is a graph showing the selenium concentration of the mutant S. cerevisiae strain cultured in YM medium containing 125ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three iterations.
Figure 6 is a graph showing the total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae strains cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three iterations.
Figure 7 S. cerevisiae incubated in YM medium containing 125ppm selenium It is a graph showing the dry cell weight of wild type (KCCM 12635) and mutant strain (6M). Error bars represent standard deviation of three iterations.
8 is S. cerevisiae cultured in YM medium containing 125ppm selenium It is a graph showing the selenium concentration of wild type (KCCM 12635) and mutant strain (6M). Error bars represent standard deviation of three iterations.
9 is S. cerevisiae cultured in YM medium containing 125ppm selenium It is a graph showing the total selenium production of wild type (KCCM 12635) and mutant strain (6M). Error bars represent standard deviation of three iterations.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing dry cell weight in mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing several selenium concentrations. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing selenium concentration in mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing several selenium concentrations. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
Figure 12 is a graph showing total selenium production in mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing several selenium concentrations. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
Figure 13 is a graph showing the change in dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium.
14 is a graph showing the change in absorbance of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing 125ppm selenium.
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the effect of selenium supplementation on dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of 3 replicates.
Figure 16 is a graph showing the effect of selenium feeding time on the selenium concentration of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. The error bar shows the standard deviation of three replicates.
FIG. 17 is a graph showing the effect of selenium supplementation on the overall selenium production rate of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of 3 replicates.
18 is a graph showing the effect of collection time on dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
19 is a graph showing the effect of collection time on selenium concentration of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
FIG. 20 is a graph showing the effect of collection time on total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
Figure 21. S. cerevisiae incubated in YM medium containing 125ppm selenium KCCM 12635 (a) and mutant S. cerevisiae A graph showing the effect of initial pH on dry cell weight of 6M (b). Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
Figure 22. S. cerevisiae cultured in YM medium containing 125ppm selenium KCCM 12635 (a) and mutant S. cerevisiae It is a graph showing the effect of the initial pH on the selenium concentration of 6M (b). The error bar shows the standard deviation of three replicates.
Figure 23. S. cerevisiae incubated in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium KCCM 12635 (a) and mutant S. cerevisiae A graph showing the effect of initial pH on total selenium production of 6M (b). Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
Figure 24 shows the effect of different carbon sources on dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental media containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
FIG. 25 shows the effect of different carbon sources on selenium concentration of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
FIG. 26 shows the effect of several carbon sources on the total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
FIG. 27 shows the effect of several nitrogen sources on dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental media containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
FIG. 28 shows the effect of several nitrogen sources on selenium concentration of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
FIG. 29 shows the effect of several nitrogen sources on the total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental media containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
Figure 30 shows the effect of carbon source and C / N ratio on dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of 3 replicates. a) Glucose / peptone, (b) Galactose / peptone.
FIG. 31 shows the effect of carbon source and C / N ratios on selenium concentration of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of 3 replicates. (A ) Glucose / peptone, (b) Galactose / peptone.
FIG. 32 shows the effect of carbon source and C / N ratios on total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of 3 replicates. ( a) Glucose / peptone, (b) Galactose / peptone.
FIG. 33 shows the effect of different mineral sources on dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
FIG. 34 shows the effect of different mineral sources on selenium concentration of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental media containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
FIG. 35 shows the effect of different mineral sources on the overall selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Error bars represent standard deviation of three replicates.
36 shows a secondary multiple regression model for the response of dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Y represents the predicted response of dry cell weight (g / l) , X ₁ , X ₂ , X ₃ and X ₄ are glucose, peptone, MgSO ₄ And the uncoded value of the variable for KCl (g / l).
Figure 37 shows the observed and predicted values of the dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in the test medium containing 125ppm selenium.
FIG. 38 is a three-dimensional plot showing the effect of nutrients on dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. (A) the effect of glucose and peptone at the central point of MgSO ₄ and KCl; (B) the effect of glucose and MgSO ₄ at the central point of peptone and KCl; (C) the effect of glucose and KCl at the central point of peptone and MgSO ₄ ; (D) the effect of peptone and MgSO ₄ at the central point of glucose and KCl; (E) the effect of peptone and KCl at the central point of glucose and MgSO ₄ ; (F) the effect of MgSO ₄ and KCl at the central point of glucose and peptone.
FIG. 39 shows a secondary multiple regression model for cellular selenium of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Y means the predicted response of the predicted response (ug / g) of cellular selenium , X ₁ , X ₂ , X ₃ and X ₄ are glucose, peptone, MgSO ₄ And the uncoded value of the variable for KCl (g / l).
40 is a diagram showing the observed and predicted values of the selenium concentration of the mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in the test medium containing 125ppm selenium.
FIG. 41 is a three-dimensional plot showing the effect of nutrients on the selenium concentration of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. (A) the effect of glucose and peptone at the central point of MgSO ₄ and KCl; (B) the effect of glucose and MgSO ₄ at the central point of peptone and KCl; (C) the effect of glucose and KCl at the central point of peptone and MgSO ₄ ; (D) the effect of peptone and MgSO ₄ at the central point of glucose and KCl; (E) the effect of peptone and KCl at the central point of glucose and MgSO ₄ ; (F) the effect of MgSO ₄ and KCl at the central point of glucose and peptone.
Figure 42 shows a secondary multiple regression model for the response of total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Y is the prediction of the predicted response (mg / l) of total selenium production rate. And X ₁ , X ₂ , X ₃ and X ₄ represent glucose, peptone, MgSO ₄ , respectively. And the uncoded value of the variable for KCl (g / l).
FIG. 43 shows the observed and predicted values of total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium.
FIG. 44 is a three-dimensional plot showing the effect of nutrients on total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. (A) the effect of glucose and peptone at the central point of MgSO ₄ and KCl; (B) the effect of glucose and MgSO ₄ at the central point of peptone and KCl; (C) the effect of glucose and KCl at the central point of peptone and MgSO ₄ ; (D) the effect of peptone and MgSO ₄ at the central point of glucose and KCl; (E) the effect of peptone and KCl at the central point of glucose and MgSO ₄ ; (F) the effect of MgSO ₄ and KCl at the central point of glucose and peptone.
Figure 45 shows mutant S. cerevisiae cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium using the secondary model. Figure shows the response profile for 6M dry cell weight.
46 shows mutant S. cerevisiae cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium using a secondary model. Figure shows the response profile for a selenium concentration of 6M.
47 shows mutant S. cerevisiae cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium using a secondary model. Figure shows the reaction result profile for 6M total selenium production.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to non-limiting examples. However, the following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and the scope of the present invention is not to be construed as limited by the following examples.

Example  1-1: S. cerevisiae wild type  Among the strains selenium  Resistance and selenium uptake  Screening strains with good efficiency

1) strain

13 S. cerevisiae strains used in the present invention are shown in Table 1. Eight strains of S. cerevisiae (KCTC 7928, 7108, 7906, 7112, 7964, 7107, 7106, 7905) provided by Korea Collection for Type Culture (KCTC) and Korea Microbiological Conservation Center (Korea) Five strains of S. cerevisiae (KCCM 50559, 12635, 50151, 12648, 11520) provided by Culture Center of Microorganism (KCCM) were used.

Table 1 shows the Saccharomyces used in the present invention. cerevisiae A table showing strains.

2) Medium and culture

YM broth (glucose 10 g / L, yeast extract 3 g / L, malt extract 3 g / L, peptone 5 g / L) was used as a basic medium for culturing S. cerevisiae . Agar was added at 1.5% to prepare YM agar. All media was used after sterilization at 121 ° C., 1 kg / cm ² for 15 minutes. The strain used in this experiment was used by storing 10% DMSO (dimethylsulphoxide) in -70 ℃ deep freezer. S. cerevisiae was plated in YM agar for revive and incubated at 30 ° C. for 48 hours.

The medium for viewing the resistance of high concentration selenium was prepared after sterilization by adding sodium selenite (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ) to YM agar so that the selenium concentration was 50, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm. .

Culture medium for the fed-batch experiments in S. cerevisiae after production was 1000 mL sterile YM broth a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, inoculated with 3 mL inoculum of S. cerevisiae by shaking incubator (30 ℃, 180 rpm ) (VS-8480SF, VISION Scientific co., Korea) is incubated for 24 hours. 60 mL of S. cerevisiae culture was dispensed in a sterile 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and 30 mL of YM broth with sodium selenite (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ) was added to the feeding medium to adjust the concentration of selenium to 125 ppm. Incubated for 24 hours in a shaking incubator (30 ℃, 180 rpm).

Example  1-2: S. cerevisiae KCCM  12635 UV  Selection of Mutant Strains

1) strain

In Example 1-1, S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 having the highest organic selenium production efficiency was used.

2) Medium and culture

The high concentration selenium medium for selecting resistance strain after UV irradiation was adjusted to 2,000 ppm by adding sodium selenite (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ) to YM agar. After UV irradiation, the bacterial solution was incubated at 30 ° C. for 2 days in high-strength selenium medium, and colonies were survived. After several passages, selenium uptake efficiency was examined.

Culture medium for the fed-batch experiments in S. cerevisiae after production was 1000 mL sterile YM broth a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, inoculated with 3 mL inoculum of S. cerevisiae by shaking incubator (30 ℃, 180 rpm ) (VS-8480SF, VISION Scientific co., Korea) is incubated for 24 hours. 60 mL of S. cerevisiae culture was dispensed in a sterile 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and 30 mL of YM broth with sodium selenite (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ) was added to the feeding medium to adjust the concentration of selenium to 125 ppm. Incubated for 24 hours in a shaking incubator (30 ℃, 180 rpm).

Example  1-3: Wild type and UV  Mutant strain yeast selenium  Production capacity comparison

1) strain

In Example 1-1, S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635, which had the best organic selenium production efficiency, and S. cerevisiae 6M having improved production efficiency by mutating in Example 1-2 were used.

2) Medium and culture

Culture medium for the fed-batch experiments in S. cerevisiae after production was 1000 mL sterile YM broth a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, inoculated with 3 mL inoculum of S. cerevisiae by shaking incubator (30 ℃, 180 rpm ) (VS-8480SF, VISION Scientific co., Korea) is incubated for 24 hours. 60 mL of S. cerevisiae culture was dispensed in a sterile 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and 30 mL of YM broth with sodium selenite (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ) was added to the feeding medium to adjust the concentration of selenium to 125 ppm. Incubated for 24 hours in a shaking incubator (30 ℃, 180 rpm).

4) mutation

In Example 1-1, strains with the highest organic selenium production efficiency were selected and used as mutant strains. Colony was inoculated in YM broth and incubated for 24 hours in a shaking incubator (VS-8480SF, VISION Scientific co., Korea) (30 ° C, 180 rpm). The diluted bacteria solution was irradiated with UV Lamp (6 W, 254 nm, Sankyo denki, Japan) at a height of 30 cm for 5 minutes with a survival rate of about 20% for mutation.

5) Analysis method

dry Cell weight  Measure

After centrifugation (3000 gx 10 min, 4 ℃) (SUPRA 21K, Hanil co., Korea), the culture solution was placed in a centrifuge tube, and the supernatant was washed three times with distilled water. After drying for 24 hours in a dryer (NDO-500, EYELA, Japan) set to the cell weight was measured.

Selenium  dose

After centrifugation (3000 gx 10 min, 4 ℃) in a centrifuge tube (SUPRA 21K, Hanil co., Korea), 10 mL of distilled water was added to the discarded cells and washed twice. Add 10 mL of HNO _{3 and} 1 mL of H ₃ PO ₄ to the cell weight, decompose at 190 ° C for 15 minutes using microwave (MARS, CEM corperation, USA), and dilute with distilled water to induce ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometers). , Varian VISTA-PRO, USA).

6) Statistical Analysis

The results of Examples 1-1 and 1-2 obtained in the present invention were analyzed by variance analysis of treatment intervals using a general linear model (GLM) procedure of the SAS package program (2002, release 9.1 version), the significance of Duncan's multiple range The test was performed at the 5% probability value (Steel and Torrie, 1980). In addition, the results obtained in Experiments 1-3 were analyzed using a T-test procedure to compare the average value between two treatment groups (wild type strain vs mutamt strain).

The result of Example 1 is as follows.

S. cerevisiae Eight strains ( S. cerevisiae) that were sold by KCTC were selected to select strains with high resistance to selenium among wild type strains. KCTC 7928, KCTC 7108, KCTC 7906, KCTC 7112, KCTC 7964, KCTC 7107, KCTC 7106, KCTC 7905) and 5 types ( S. cerevisiae KCCM 50559, KCCM 12635, KCCM 50151, KCCM 12648, KCCM 11520) The results of investigating the viability by the addition of selenium to the YM agar for each strain of are shown in Table 2.

The addition of selenium tended to decrease the viability of S. cerevisiae . Two strains of KCCM 12648 and KCTC 7107 were found to have no resistance to selenium in the selenium 50 ppm medium, and the remaining 11 strains survived to a selenium concentration of 125 ppm. However, at the concentration of 250 ppm of selenium, two strains of KCTC 7964 and KCTC 7905 also inhibited survival, and the CFU / mL of the other nine strains tended to decrease slightly. Only 500 strains of KCTC 7928, KCTC 7108, KCCM 12635, and KCTC 7106 survived at 500 ppm of selenium concentration, and the highest resistance was 7.4x10 ⁶ CFU / mL in KCCM 12635. In addition, KCTC 7106 showed low viability of 4.8x10 ³ CFU / mL, but it survived 1.1x10 ⁴ CFU / mL even at 2500 ppm of selenium, showing high resistance to selenium.

S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 showed the highest viability of 7.4 × 10 ⁶ CFU / mL at 500 ppm concentration of selenium in the medium. On the other hand, S. cerevisiae KCTC 7106 1.8x10 ³ CFU / mL showed low viability but high resistance to survival even at high concentration of 2500 ppm.

Table 2 is a table showing the viability of wild-type S. cerevisiae strain cultured in YM medium containing various concentrations of selenium.

As a result of comparing selenium uptake ability against S. cerevisiae wild type strain, the dry cell weight of KCTC 7107 was 1.83 g / L, which was significantly higher (P <0.05) (Table 3), but selenium in dry cell weight The content was as low as 2.25 mg / g. S. cerevisiae KCCM 50559 and S. cerevisiae In the KCCM 12635 strain, the selenium content in the dry cell mass was 3.77 and 3.98 mg / g, respectively (P <0.05).

S. cerevisiae showed resistance to selenium that survived at high concentrations with low survival rate in the resistance test for selenium concentrations. The dry cell mass, intracellular selenium content and total selenium production of KCCM 7106 were the lowest in all items, 1.30 g / L, 1.29 mg / g and 1.68 mg / L, respectively (P <0.05). Therefore, S. cerevisiae KCTC 7106 was able to survive at high concentrations without selenium uptake. S. cerevisiae showed high survival rate and high resistance at 500 ppm of selenium in the medium. KCCM 12635 had the highest selenium content and total selenium production (P <0.05) of 3.98 mg / g and 6.69 mg / L, respectively (Figs. 1, 2, and 3).

The selenium content in the dry cells of 13 wild type strains varied from 1.29 mg / g to 3.98 mg / g.

Consequently, S. cerevisiae wild type 13 kinds of high resistance ability to the selenium is in KCCM 12635 of the strain, the productivity as a wild type strain the dried cells within selenium content and the total production is determined as the highest strain in the following experiments, the highest S . cerevisiae KCCM 12635 was used.

Table 3 shows the dry cell weight and selenium uptake of several wild-type S. cerevisiae strains cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. The data in the table represent the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates, with ^{a, b, c, d, e, and f} ; the mean with different superscripts in the same column was significantly different (P <0.05).

In Example 1-1, S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 was selected as the strain with the highest organic selenium production. Mutant strains with high resistance to selenium were selected and the comparison of dry cell weight, selenium content and total selenium production in fed-batch culture in selenium-added medium is shown in Table 1-4.

The dry cell mass of the S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 (1.61 g / L) of UV mutant strains S. cerevisiae 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8M (1.82, 1.71, 1.77, 1.77, 1.75 and 1.78 g / L, respectively) Higher than L). Dry cell weight in S. cerevisiae 3M is 1.82 g / L was the highest (P <0.05) (Fig. 4), but the selenium content and the total selenium production in the dry cells were the lowest (P <0.05) 3.61 mg / L and 6.56 mg / L, respectively. The dry cell mass was 1.77 g / L in S. cerevisiae 6M, and the selenium content and total selenium yield in dry cell mass were The highest (P <0.05) was found to be 4.55 mg / L and 7.94 mg / L, respectively (FIG. 5). Total selenium production was higher (P <0.05) than the parent strain ( S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635) in all mutant strains (FIG. 6).

From these results, UV mutations were able to improve the dry cell weight, selenium content in the dry cell weight, and total selenium production than S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635, which had the highest selenium productivity in the wild type, and in mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M. The highest yield was obtained.

Table 4 is a table showing the dry cell weight, selenium concentration and total selenium production of several mutant S. cerevisiae strains cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. The data in the table represent the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates, and ^{a, b, c, d} ,; mean with different superscripts in the same column was significantly different (P <0.05).

Relative S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 and S. cerevisiae 6M having the highest organic selenium production efficiency among UV mutant strains of Example 1-1 and Slenium uptake and organic selenium production efficiency among wild type strains. The results of comparing the superiority are shown in Table 5.

Dry cell weight, selenium content and total selenium yield of UV mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M were 1.77 g / L, 4.94 mg / g, and 8.76 mg / L, respectively, and the dry cell weight of S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 and selenium in dry cell weight Content and total selenium production were significantly higher than 1.63 g / L, 4.36 mg / g and 7.11 mg / L (P <0.05) (FIGS. 7, 8, and 9). Therefore, when comparing S. cerevisiae 6M and S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635, the dry cell weight, selenium content and total selenium production of dry cell weight increased by 1.09, 1.13 and 1.23, respectively.

In the present invention, it was confirmed that the mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M produced by performing UV mutations was more enhanced in organic selenium production efficiency than S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 selected as a strain having high organic selenium production efficiency among wild type strains.

Table 5 shows S. cerevisiae incubated in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Table shows dry cell weight, selenium concentration and total selenium production of wild type (KCCM 12635) and mutant strains (6M). Data in the table are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates, *; P <0.05 is shown.

In the embodiment of the present invention resistance to selenium of 13 S. cerevisiae wild type strains (KCTC 7928, 7108, 7906, 7112, 7964, 7107, 7106, 7905; KCCM 50559, 12635, 50151, 12648, 11520) Strains with high and high organic selenium productivity were selected, and a strain was developed to enhance organic selenium production by performing UV mutation.

S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 had the highest resistance of 7.4x10 ⁶ CFU / mL at the concentration of 500 ppm of selenium in the medium. On the other hand, S. cerevisiae KCTC 7106 showed low viability of 4.8x10 ³ CFU / mL, but showed high resistance to 1.1x10 ⁴ CFU / mL survival even at 2500 ppm of selenium. In Fed batch cultures, the selenium content and total selenium production in dry cells were 3.98 mg / g and 6.69 mg / L, respectively, in S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 for 24 hours at 125 ppm of selenium concentration in the medium. It was high (P <0.05).

UV mutations in wild type strain KCCM 12635 resulted in mutant strains S. cerevisiae 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8M (1.82, 1.71, 1.77, 1.77, 1.75 and 1.78 g / L, respectively). (parent strain) was higher than S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 (1.61 g / L). Among the mutant strains, S. cerevisiae 6M showed the highest selenium content and total selenium production of dry cells at 4.55 mg / g and 7.94 mg / L, respectively.

S. cerevisiae 6M, which was selected by UV mutation, had a 1.09, 1.13 and 1.23 fold increase in dry cell weight, selenium content and total selenium production rate than wild type strain S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635, respectively.

In conclusion, in Example 1 of the present invention, S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635, which has the best selenium uptake efficiency in the wild type, was selected, and a mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M having enhanced UV production efficiency was developed by performing UV mutation. .

Example  2:

In order to enhance the production efficiency of organic selenium in Example 1, a series of experiments were performed to optimize the culture conditions for S. cerevisiae 6M selected by performing UV mutations, and the culture method was fed in the same manner as in Example 1. -batch culture was performed.

Example  2-1: in culture selenium  Concentration S. cerevisiae  6M selenium  impact on uptake

The medium for determining the concentration of selenium in the culture medium was adjusted by adding sodium selenite (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ) to YM broth. The selenium concentrations of the cultures were varied at 7, 0, 31, 63, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm levels, and the selenium was added to the culture at 0 hours and harvested at 24 hours.

Example  2-2: According to the culture time S. cerevisiae  6M Cell mass  change

1, 2, 3 when culturing in shaking incubator (30 ℃, 180 rpm) (VS-8480SF, VISION Scientific co., Korea) using YM medium without adding selenium to determine the cell growth rate according to the incubation time The bacterial growth of, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 hours was examined.

Example  2-3: Selenium  When to add selenium uptake Impact on

In order to determine the addition time and incubation time of selenium with high uptake effect of selenium, the addition time was set to 0, 3 and 9 hours, and the incubation time was investigated at 10 and 24 hours, and the selenium concentration in the medium was cultured at 125 ppm. It was.

Example  2-4: incubation time selenium uptake Impact on

In order to determine the incubation time of selenium with high uptake effect of selenium, the selenium addition time, which had the highest selenium uptake efficiency in Example 2-3, was fixed at 0 hours, and was 1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 12, and 24 hours. Incubation time was determined to be high selenium uptake when incubated at various times. The culture was incubated at 125 ppm selenium concentration.

Example  2-5: Initial pH end S. cerevisiae KCCM With 12635 S. cerevisiae  6M selenium uptake Impact on

In order to investigate the effect of initial pH on selenium uptake, the initial pH was adjusted to five levels (pH 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) using 0.1 N HCl and 0.1 N NaOH, and then selenium uptake. Determined the highest initial pH. The culture was incubated at 125 ppm selenium concentration, and selenium was added at 0 hours and culture was completed at 9 hours.

Example  2-6: Analysis Method

1) Dry cell weight and pH measurement

Dry cell mass was measured in the same manner as in Example 1-3, the pH of the culture was measured using a pH meter (METTLER TOLEDO 320).

2) Selenium  dose

It is the same as that of Example 1-3.

The result of Example 2 is as follows.

The effects of selenium concentration, dry selenium content, and selenium production on the amount of selenium in the culture during fed-batch culture are shown in Table 6.

The dry cell weight was the highest as 3.15 g / L when selenium was not added. As the concentration of selenium was increased, the dry cell weight was lower. The dry cell weight was 1.69 g / L and the dry cell weight was decreased to 1.64 g / L up to 125 ppm when incubated at 31 ppm of selenium. On the other hand, the selenium concentration of 1000 ppm was the lowest as 1.21 g / L (Fig. 10). In addition, it showed a tendency similar to the resistance test results of wild type S. cerevisiae in Example 1. Wild type S. cerevisiae in YM agar plate with Selenium In strains, colony counts were reduced in some strains when incubated with 250 ppm selenium, and some strains inhibited survival. On the other hand, selenium showed a tendency to show no inhibition of S. cerevisiae survival at concentrations up to 125 ppm. Therefore, the selenium concentration of 125 ppm was determined to be the highest selenium concentration that does not resist cell production.

The selenium content in the dry cells was 1.39 mg / g at the concentration of selenium in the medium at 31 ppm, and the selenium content in the dry cells increased to 5.03 mg / g as the concentration of selenium in the medium was increased to 125 ppm. However, as the concentration of selenium in the medium increased to 250, 500, and 1000 ppm, it gradually decreased to 4.51, 1.38, and 0.61 mg / g.

The same trend was observed for total selenium production. As the concentration of selenium in the medium increased to 31, 63 and 125 ppm, the yield increased. The concentration of selenium in the medium was the highest at 8.24 mg / L at 125 ppm, but the concentration of selenium in the medium gradually increased to 250, 500 and 1000 ppm. Higher values were lowered to 6.45, 1.72 and 0.67 (FIG. 11).

Therefore, the optimum selenium concentration in the medium was 125 ppm because the selenium concentration in the medium was the highest at 5.0 ppm and 8.24 mg / L, respectively.

Table 6 shows mutant S. cerevisiae cultured in YM medium. Table shows the effect of different selenium concentrations on dry cell weight, selenium concentration and total selenium production at 6M. Data in the table are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates, 1; not detected.

Basic experiments to determine the addition time and incubation time of selenium. S. cerevisiae according to incubation time when selenium was not added The results of investigating the growth rate of 6M are shown in Table 7.

The dry cell mass gradually increased with incubation time, the highest dry cell mass was 2.44 g / L at 9 hours of cultivation, and then decreased (Fig. 13). When the absorbance was measured, the same tendency was observed and gradually increased with the incubation time, and the highest O.D. was 1.16 at 9 and 10 hours of incubation (FIG. 14).

These results are believed to enter the growth phase up to 9 hours of cultivation, the stop phase of 9 to 10 hours, and the death phase after 10 hours of cultivation. In the following experiments, it is necessary to study the effects of adding selenium on organic selenium production rate during induction period, proliferation period and stop phase.

Table 7 shows mutant S. cerevisiae cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Table shows the effect of incubation time on dry cell weight and growth of 6M. Data in the table are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates.

In order to determine the addition time and incubation time of selenium with high selenium uptake effect against selected strain S. cerevisiae 6M, selenium addition time was set to 0, 3 and 9 hours during the growth curve of S. cerevisiae 6M. , And the comparison experiments with different incubation times of 10 and 24 hours are shown in Table 8.

When fed selenium at 0, 3 and 9 hours in fed-batch culture, 1.72 and 1.60, 2.05 and 1.82 and 2.58 and 2.34 g / L at 10 and 24 hours of incubation respectively. Increased (FIG. 15). The addition of selenium in the medium has the effect of inhibiting the growth of S. cerevisiae . Therefore, the highest dry cell mass was observed when selenium was added at 9 hours of cultivation. In addition, the dry cell mass tended to be higher than that of the 24-hour cultivation at 10 hrs at all selenium addition periods. This result suggests that the resistance to selenium decreases as the cultivation time becomes longer. After 9 hours of incubation and the addition of selenium at 10 hours, the dry cell mass was the highest at 2.58 g / L, and the highest resistance to selenium was found in the treatment group which added selenium in the logarithm and the shortest incubation time. It is feed.

When slenium was added at the beginning of culture (0 hours), the selenium content in dry cells was the highest at 5.73 and 5.13 mg / g at 10 and 24 hours of incubation, respectively, and as selenium addition time was delayed to 0, 3 and 9 hours, At time incubation, there was a tendency to decrease to 5.73, 2.41 and 1.25 mg / g, respectively (FIG. 16).

Total selenium production was also high at 9.83 and 8.20 mg / L at 10 and 24 hours of incubation with selenium at the beginning of culture (0 hours). When the incubation time was 10 hours, as the selenium addition time was delayed to 0, 3 and 9, the total selenium production tended to decrease to 9.83, 4.94 and 3.21 mg / L (FIG. 17).

As a result, organic selenium production efficiency was highest when selenium was added at 0 hours of incubation. And although the production efficiency of organic selenium was higher at 10 hours of cultivation than 24 hours of cultivation, it is necessary to study and optimize organic selenium production efficiency according to various culture times.

Table 8 shows mutant S. cerevisiae cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Table shows the effects of selenium feeding and incubation time on dry cell weight, selenium concentration, and total selenium production rate of 6M. Data in the table are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three replicates.

The absorption time of the metal plays an important role in the absorption and desorption process and therefore needs to be optimized. In Example 2-3, selenium was added at 0 hours having the highest organic selenium production efficiency. The effects on selenium uptake when the incubation periods were varied at 1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 12 and 24 hours are shown in Table 9.

Dry cell weight according to incubation time was 1.85 at 1 hour of incubation It was highest as g / L, and gradually decreased as the incubation time was longer, and as low as 1.63 g / L at 12 hours and 24 hours of incubation (FIG. 18).

The selenium content in dry cell mass was the lowest at 1 hour of cultivation at 2.01 mg / g, and gradually increased with increasing cultivation time, and the highest at 6.07 mg / g at 9 hours of cultivation. The content of selenium tended to be lowered to 4.95 mg / g at 24 hours of culture (FIG. 19).

Total selenium production also showed the same tendency as selenium content in dry cells (Fig. 20). At 1 h of incubation, it was the lowest at 3.72 mg / L. As the incubation time was increased, total selenium production tended to increase, and at 9 h of incubation, the highest was 10.32 mg / L. The 24 hour incubation tended to decrease to 8.07 mg / L. As the incubation time increased, the selenium content and total selenium production tended to increase despite the decrease of dry cell mass. The highest selenium uptake efficiency was observed at 9 hours of cultivation and gradually decreased at higher incubation time. Therefore, the uptake of 9 hours of culture in this study was thought to be due to in vivo accumulation rather than surface adsorption and was determined to be the optimal incubation time for selenium uptake.

Table 9 shows the effect of collection time on dry cell weight, selenium concentration and total selenium production rate of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. The data in the table shows the average of three replicates. Expressed as ± standard deviation.

Initial pH is S. cerevisiae In order to investigate the effect of wild type KCCM 12635 and mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M on selenium uptake, the initial pH was adjusted to 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 levels. After 9 hours of incubation, the effects of dry cell weight, selenium content in dry cell weight and total selenium yield were shown in Table 10.

The dry cell mass was 1.48 and 1.49, 1.70 and 1.66 g / L at the initial pH of 6 and 7 in wild type and mutant strains, respectively. At pH 3, the lowest was 1.12 and 1.31 g / L, respectively (FIG. 21).

In the culture of wild type and mutant strains, the optimum initial pH condition of selenium content in dry cell mass was different. In the case of the wild type, the selenium content tended to increase as the pH was increased. The highest value was 5.80 mg / g at pH 5. The selenium content was lower as the pH was higher than 5. In the mutant strains, the selenium content tended to increase as the initial pH was increased, and the highest selenium content was found to be 6.40 mg / g at pH 6, and the selenium content was significantly lower as the pH was higher than 6. (Figure 22).

The total selenium production also showed a tendency to increase with increasing pH, and when the initial pH was adjusted to 5 and 6 in culturing wild type and mutant strains, the total selenium production was the highest at 7.91 and 10.87 mg / L, respectively. It was confirmed that, as the initial pH is higher than 6, the selenium production tends to be lowered (FIG. 23).

Therefore, in order to increase selenium production efficiency, wild type S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 adjusts the initial pH to 5 and mutant S. cerevisiae 6M is most effective to adjust to initial pH 6, and mutant strain S. cerevisiae At 6M, total selenium production was increased to 10.87 mg / L.

Table 10 shows S. cerevisiae cultured in YM medium containing 125 ppm selenium. KCCM 12635 and Mutant S. cerevisiae Table shows the effect of initial pH on final pH, dry cell weight, selenium concentration and total selenium production of 6M.

Example 2 was carried out to optimize the culture conditions of S. cerevisiae 6M selected as a strain with excellent selenium uptake ability by UV mutation. S. cerevisiae In 6M fed-batch culture, the concentration of selenium was varied at levels of 0, 31, 63, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm, and incubated at 30 ° C. and 180 rpm for 24 hours by adding selenium at 0 hours. . When the concentration of selenium in the culture medium was 125 ppm, the selenium content in the dry cell was 5.30 mg / g and the total selenium production was 8.24 mg / L, which was the highest.

The highest selenium uptake was obtained at 0 hours when the selenium addition time was 0, 3 and 9 hours, and when the incubation time was varied up to 24 hours after adding selenium at 0 hours, Total selenium production was the highest at 6.07 mg / g and 10.32 mg / L, respectively.

The effect of initial pH on selenium uptake was investigated from pH 3 to 7, wild type S. cerevisiae KCCM 12635 showed the highest efficiency at pH 5. Whereas S. cerevisiae 6M showed the highest production efficiency with a selenium content of 6.40 mg / g and total selenium production of 10.87 mg / L when the initial pH was 6.

From the above results, S. cerevisiae When 6M incubation was performed, the concentration of selenium and initial pH were 125 ppm and pH 6, respectively, and the production of organic selenium was determined to be highest when the incubation was completed at 9 hours after the addition of selenium at 0 hours.

Example  3:

In Example 3, optimum medium conditions of S. cerevisiae 6M mutant strain having high organic selenium production efficiency were derived. We also explored carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and mineral sources to maximize organic selenium production, and used the Box-Behnken design and response suface methodology to derive the optimum conditions for each medium component.

 In order to improve the production efficiency of organic selenium in Example 1, a series of experiments were performed to optimize the medium conditions for S. cerevisiae 6M selected by performing UV mutations, and the culture method was fed in the same manner as in Example 1. -batch culture was performed.

Example  3-1: Carbon source  The addition was S. cerevisiae  6M selenium uptake Impact on

In order to investigate the effect of carbon source in culture on selenium uptake, 10 g / L of glucose, fructose, sucrose, galactose, maltose and lactose were added as carbon sources, respectively, and yeast extract, 3 g / L as nitrogen sources. , malt extract, 3 g / L and peptone, 5 g / L were added. The concentration and pH of selenium in the medium were 125 ppm and pH 6, and the culture was completed at 9 hours by adding selenium at 0 hours.

Example  3-2: The addition of the nitrogen source is S. cerevisiae  6M selenium uptake Impact on

To investigate the effect of nitrogen source in culture on selenium uptake, six kinds of nitrogen source yeast extract, malt extract, peptone, urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate were added 10 g / L, respectively. L was added. The concentration and pH of selenium in the medium were 125 ppm and pH 6, and the culture was completed at 9 hours by adding selenium at 0 hours.

Example  3-3: The ratio of carbon and nitrogen is S. cerevisiae  6M selenium uptake Impact on

In order to investigate the effect of carbon and nitrogen in the culture on the selenium uptake, 20 g / L of glucose and galactose were added to the carbon source, respectively.The ratio of carbon and nitrogen was 1, 3, 5, Experiments were carried out with adjustment to five levels of 7 and 9. The concentration of selenium and the initial pH of the medium were 125 ppm and pH 6, and the incubation was completed at 9 hours by adding selenium at 0 hours.

Example  3-4: The addition of the source of minerals is S. cerevisiae  6M selenium uptake Impact on

To investigate the effect of minerals in culture on selenium uptake, a total of 12 minerals (MgSO4, KCl, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaCl, CaCl2, FeSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, MgCl2, CuSO4 and FeCl3) were added 0.05% each The experiment was carried out. Glucose and peptone were used as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, and the carbon and nitrogen ratio were 7, the concentration and pH of selenium in the medium were 125 ppm and pH 6, and the incubation was completed at 9 hours by adding selenium at 0 hours. .

Example  3-5: Response surface model Response 표면 model ) Badge condition  optimization

The concentration and pH of selenium in the medium were 125 ppm and pH 6, and the culture was completed at 9 hours by adding selenium at 0 hours.

Glucose, peptone, MgSO4 and KCl were selected as the optimum media components, and Box Behnken design and response surface methodology were used to explore the optimal concentration of each component. Box Behnken design (BBD) is a balanced incomplete block design that combines a 2k factor placement plan to create a basic plan and adds the number of experiments nc at the center point to estimate the second response surface equation. Programming is (Box and Behnken, 1960) were the respective components as independent variables, the variables are were placed in three different concentration levels of the density level and the Box behnken design arrangement of components is shown in Table 3-5. The experimental results were analyzed using the following second order polynomial.

Y is a reaction obtained through the experimental results, dry cell mass, selenium content in the cells, total selenium production. β0 is a constant value, βi and βj are regression coefficients, and Xi and Xj are uncoded values of the independent variable. The response surface model was analyzed using MINITAB® (version 14, Minitab Inc., USA).

2.6. Analysis method

It is the same as the method of Example 2.

The result of Example 3 is as follows.

In order to investigate the growth and selenium uptake efficiency of the mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M by the addition of the carbon source, various carbon sources commonly known to be metabolized by S. cerevisiae strains were investigated in the medium. Table 11 shows the results of dry cell mass, selenium content and total selenium production when glucose, fructose, sucrose, galactose, maltose and lactose were added as carbon sources.

When galactose was used as a carbon source, it was 1.82 g / L, higher than other carbon sources, and the following were relatively high in glucose, fructose and sucrose, 1.50, 1.59, and 1.46 g / L, respectively, and 0.63 in maltose and lactose. And as low as 0.56 g / L (FIG. 24).

The selenium content in the dry cell mass was the highest in galactose (4.62 mg / g) and relatively high in glucose and sucrose (4.23 and 4.27 mg / g, respectively) and low in maltose and Lactose (0.79 and 0.69 mg / g, respectively). Appeared (FIG. 25).

Total selenium production was also highest at 8.38 mg / L when galactose was used as the carbon source, 6.34 and 6.24 mg / L for glucose and sucrose, respectively, and 0.50 and 0.38 mg / L for maltose and Lactose, respectively. Low to L (FIG. 26).

Therefore, it was judged that galactose is the carbon source that can increase selenium uptake efficiency.

Table 11 shows the effects of different carbon sources on dry cell weight, selenium concentration and total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Data in the table are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. .

In order to investigate the growth and selenium uptake efficiency according to the addition of nitrogen source in mutant S. cerevisiae 6M culture, various nitrogen sources in the medium were investigated. Table 3-2 shows the results of dry cell mass, selenium content and total selenium production when yeast extract, malt extract, peptone, urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate were added as nitrogen sources.

In the dry cell mass, the yeast extract was the highest as 1.88 g / L, followed by the peptone at 0.90 g / L, and the inorganic nitrogen sources such as urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate. When added as a nitrogen source, the dry cell mass was 0 g / L (Fig. 27).

When Peptone was added as a nitrogen source, the content of selenium in dry cell mass was the highest as 10.84 mg / g (FIG. 28), and the total selenium production was also highest as 9.78 mg / L (FIG. 29). On the other hand, the selenium content and total selenium production of yeast extract among the nitrogen sources, which had the highest dry cell mass, were 0.65 and 1.21 mg / L, respectively.

As a result, the highest selenium uptake efficiency was obtained when peptone was used as the nitrogen source, and peptone was used as the nitrogen source in subsequent experiments.

Table 12 shows the effect of several nitrogen sources on dry cell weight, selenium concentration and total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Data in the table are expressed as mean ± standard deviation .

To investigate the effect of carbon and nitrogen on selenium uptake of the mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M, glucose and galactose as the carbon source and peptone as the nitrogen source were used to determine the C / N ratios of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 The experimental results with five levels of are shown in Table 13.

The dry cell weight was 2.14 and 1.76 g / L, respectively, when the C / N ratio was 1 using peptone as the nitrogen source and glucose and galactose as the carbon source (Fig. 30). A tendency to be lowered. This is a result of lowering the dry weight as the nitrogen content decreases. Therefore, it is considered that the supply of nitrogen is important to increase the cell weight even when selenium is added.

The selenium content in the dry cell mass tended to increase as the C / N ratio increased with the addition of glucose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. However, it tended to decrease as the ratio further increased. When galactose and peptone were added as carbon and nitrogen sources, selenium content tended to increase with increasing C / N ratio, and the highest ratio was 13.67 mg / g when the ratio was 5 (Fig. 31). ), The ratio tended to decrease as the ratio increased. From these results, the ratio of C / N is very important for selenium uptake, and the proper ratio of is different depending on the carbon source.

Glucose and peptone added tended to increase the total selenium production with increasing C / N ratio. When the C / N ratio was 7, the yield was the highest as 22.42 mg / L, and when the C / N ratio was further increased to 8, it was lowered to 18.75 mg / L (Fig. 32). The use of galactose as a carbon source showed a similar tendency, but the total selenium production tended to increase as the C / N ratio increased when galactose and peptone were added. When the C / N ratio was 5, the yield was the highest at 17.17 mg / L. As C / N ratio increased above 5, production efficiency tended to decrease.

In conclusion, the ratio of nitrogen source according to the carbon source of S. cerevisiae 6M is the highest in selenium uptake using peptone as the nitrogen source and glucose and galactose as the carbon source. The glucose / peptone C / N ratio of 7 was the highest in selenium uptake efficiency.

Table 13 shows the effects of carbon source and C / N ratios on dry cell weight, selenium concentration and total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Expressed as standard deviation.

In order to investigate the effect of mineral addition on the selenium uptake of mutant strain S. cerevisiae 6M, the results of the addition of 12 total minerals of MgSO4, KCl, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaCl, CaCl2, FeSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, MgCl2, CuSO4 and FeCl3 Is shown in Table 14.

When the carbon source and the nitrogen source were cultured under the same conditions, there was a significant difference in the cell production according to the mineral addition. The dry cell mass was high as 1.70, 1.56 and 1.57 g / L when MgSO 4, KCl and CaCl 2 were added, respectively. However, FeSO4, MnSO4 and CuSO4 addition was low as 0.40, 0.56 and 0.70 g / L, respectively (Fig. 33).

The selenium content in the dry cell mass was high at 16.38, 16.31 and 16.31 mg / g, respectively, when MgSO4, KCl and MgCl2 were added, and below 0.5 mg / g when K2HPO4, KH2PO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4 and CuSO4 were added as mineral sources. Very low efficiency was shown (FIG. 34). Therefore, the addition of Mg and K could improve the selenium uptake ability in culture.

Total selenium production was the highest at 27.87 mg / L with MgSO 4 addition (FIG. 35). However, when K2HPO4, KH2PO4, FeSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4 and CuSO4 were added, the yield was lower than 0.1 mg / L.

In these results, the effect of selenium production rate according to the mineral addition was significantly different according to the type of minerals, and it was determined that the highest organic selenium production efficiency was obtained when MgSO4 was added among the minerals.

Table 14 is a table showing the effects of various mineral sources on dry cell weight, selenium concentration and total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Data in the table are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

In order to maximize selenium uptake, the optimal concentrations of glucose selected from carbon sources, peptones selected from nitrogen sources, and mineral sources MgSO4 and KCl were investigated. Experiments were designed with the Box-Behnken design with three levels of each selected media component (Table 15). In the design table, the lowest level of each component was coded as -1, the level corresponding to the center point was 0, and the highest level was +1, and a total of 27 runs were obtained. The combination of concentrations of the components of each run, the dry cell weight, selenium content in the cell weight, and total selenium production are shown in Table 15.

Table 15 shows a Box-Behnken design configuration with code and actual values for dry cell weight, selenium concentration, and total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. 1 in the table; Actual value, 2; Code value, 3; Predicted value

Table 16 presents the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using coded units of four variables glucose, peptone, MgSO 4 and KCl for dry cell mass. The overall quadratic polynomial model for the response variable was very significant (P <0.001) and also significant for the linear term and quadratic term (P <0.001, P <0.05). However, the interaction term was not significant and the lack of conformity was 0.710. As a result of calculating the coefficient of determination (R2), which shows how well the sample regression line explains the variation of observation points on dry cell mass, R2 = 95.6%.

Table 16 shows the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis for a secondary model with code value for dry cell weight of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium.

The dry cell mass was set to the dependent variable Y and analyzed using the coded unit to obtain a model equation using the regression coefficient estimated for the dry cell mass (FIG. 36). And compared with the experimental values observed using the set model and the prediction value obtained through the model showed excellent linearity (Fig. 37).

3.5.3 Effects of Media Components on Dry Cell Weight Using Response Surface Models

The effects of media components on dry cell mass were analyzed by 3D graphs by substituting uncoded concentration values of each component into reaction surface model obtained through a series of experiments. Remaining media components that were not considered in the analysis were performed by fixing to a center point. The response of the media components to dry cell mass is shown in Figure 3-15. The independent variables MgSO4 and KCl were fixed, and Peptone and Glucose were analyzed by concentration. As a result, the dry cell mass showed the highest response value of 2.7 g / L at the concentrations of 30 g / L and 12 g / L, respectively. As the concentrations increased, the dry cell mass tended to increase. Fixing the concentrations of Glucose and peptone and analyzing the concentrations of MgSO4 and KCl showed the highest response value with dry cell weight of 2.15 g / L near 1.0 g / L of MgSO4 and KCl. The value also tended to decrease. Therefore, in the dry cell mass, the higher the concentration of glucose, peptone, MgSO4 and KCl, the higher the reaction value.

3.5.4 Variance Analysis of Box-Behnken Design Results for Selenium Content in Dry Cell Weight

Table 17 presents ANOVA using four units of glucose, peptone, MgSO4, and KCl encoded units for selenium content in dry cell mass. In variance analysis of selenium content in dry cells, the square root was significant (P <0.05). Lack of suitability was found to be 0.591. As a result of calculating the coefficient of determination (R2), which shows how well the sample regression line explains the variation of the selenium content observation points in the dry cell, R2 = 74.4%.

Table 17 shows the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis for a secondary model with code values for the cell selenium of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental media containing 125 ppm selenium.

The selenium content in the dry cell weight was set to the dependent variable Y and analyzed using a coded unit to obtain a model equation using the regression coefficient estimated for the selenium content in the dry cell weight (FIG. 39). And compared with the experimental values observed using the set model and the prediction obtained through the model showed excellent linearity (Fig. 40).

The effects of media components on the selenium content in dry cell mass were analyzed by using 3D graphs by substituting the uncoded concentration values of each component into the reaction surface model obtained through a series of experiments. Remaining media components that were not considered in the analysis were performed by fixing to a center point. Response surface analysis was performed on the model equation (Fig. 39) obtained for the selenium content in the dry cell weight to obtain the results as shown in Figure 3-18. The median concentrations of MgSO4 and KCl were fixed, and glucose and Peptone were analyzed by concentration. The selenium content in dry cell mass was 14.2 mg / g at 21 g / L and 14.2 g / L, respectively. The higher or lower each concentration, the lower the reaction value. In the case of fixation of Peptone and KCl at the median value, glucose and MgSO4 concentrations were highest at 19.0 g / L and 0.6 g / L, respectively, and the reaction value was 14.2 mg / g. The highest response was 14.2 mg / g near 18.0 g / L and 0.5 g / L KCl. When glucose and KCl were fixed, the highest reaction value was 14.7 mg / g at the concentrations of 7 g / L and 0.5 g / L of peptone and MgSO4. The highest value was 14.7 mg / g at L and around 0.5 g / L. When the concentrations of glucose and peptone were fixed and the concentrations of MgSO4 and KCl were 0.6 g / L and 0.4 g / L, respectively, the response was the highest as 14.8 mg / g. Therefore, it can be seen that the content of selenium in the dry cells increases at the proper concentration of glucoe and peptone, and the addition of the optimal concentration of minerals can increase the reaction value.

Table 18 presents the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using four units of glucose, peptone, MgSO 4, and KCl encoded units for total selenium production. For total selenium productivity, the second-order polynomial model was very significant (P <0.001) and significant in both linear and quadratic terms (P <0.001). Lack of suitability was found to be 0.150. As a result of calculating the coefficient of determination (R2), which shows how well the sample regression line accounts for the variation in observation points for total selenium production, R2 = 93.9%.

Table 18 shows Analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis for a secondary model with code values for total selenium production of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in experimental media containing 125 ppm selenium.

The selenium production was set as the dependent variable Y and the analysis was performed using the coded unit to obtain a model equation using the regression coefficient estimated for the total selenium production (FIG. 42). And compared with the experimental values observed using the set model and the prediction value obtained through the model showed excellent linearity (Fig. 43).

The effects of media components on the total selenium production were analyzed using 3D graphs by substituting the uncoded concentration values of each component into the response surface model obtained through a series of experiments. Remaining media components that were not considered in the analysis were performed by fixing to a center point. 44 shows the results of the reaction surface analysis on the model equation (Fig. 42) obtained for the total selenium production. The median concentrations of MgSO4 and KCl were fixed, and glucose and peptone concentrations were analyzed by concentrations. The selenium content in dry cell mass was 31 mg / L at 30 g / L and 12 g / L, respectively. In the case of fixation of Peptone and KCl at the median value, the concentrations of glucose and MgSO4 were highest at 28 mg / L at 20.0 g / L and 0.6 g / L, respectively. The highest response was 29 mg / L near glucose 23.0 g / L and 0.6 g / L KCl. When glucose and KCl were fixed, the highest reaction value was 29.07 mg / L at 10 g / L and 0.5 g / L of peptone and MgSO4, and 10 g / L of peptone and KCl when glucose and MgSO4 were fixed. The highest value was 30.0 mg / L at and around 0.6 g / L. In addition, when glucose and peptone were fixed to the median value, MgSO4 and KCl concentrations were the highest at 14.8 mg / g at 0.55 g / L and 0.6 g / L, respectively.

Calculation of optimal conditions

Optimal conclusions for the maximum dry cell mass are shown in Table 19 and FIG. 45. 2.7496 g / L was expected and the satisfaction was very high at 0.96967 (Table 19 and FIG. 45).

The selenium content in the dry cell weight was 15.62 mg / L and 0.82850 when the optimum medium conditions glucoe, peptone, MgSO4 and KCl concentrations were 11.75, 5.30, 1.00 and 0.10 g / L, respectively (Table 20 and 46).

The total selenium production was 27.73, 11.40, 0.30, and 0.80 g / L, respectively, with the glucoe, peptone, MgSO4 and KCl concentrations as optimum medium conditions.

Table 19 is a table showing the optimal media composition and model for the maximum dry cell yield of mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in the experimental medium containing 125ppm selenium.

Table 20 is a table showing the optimal medium composition and the prediction from the model for the maximum selenium concentration of the mutant S. cerevisiae 6M cultured in the experimental medium containing 125ppm selenium.

Table 21 shows mutant S. cerevisiae cultured in experimental medium containing 125 ppm selenium. Table shows the optimal media composition and predictions from the model for the maximum total selenium production of 6M.

Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute KACC93114P 20101221

Claims (4)

In the method of producing organic selenium using yeast, incubation for 10 hours by adding selenium at the initial culture time of 0 hours, using the S. cerevisiae 6M (KACC93114P) mutant strain as the strain, galactose as a carbon source, peptone as a nitrogen source Organic selenium productivity improvement method using yeast, characterized in that the addition of. delete delete 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method adds magnesium sulfate or potassium chloride as minerals in S. cerevisiae 6M (KACC93114P) mutant strain culture.

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