KR101194389B1 - Fluid drive type drill beat assembly and drilling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A fluid driven drill bit assembly and an excavation device including the same are disclosed. Drill bit assembly according to an aspect of the present invention, the rotary nozzle portion rotatably mounted to the drill string end through the bearing and formed a plurality of holes, and extends downward straight from the rotary nozzle portion in a spiral on the outer surface A rotating body including a body part attached to at least two blades at regular intervals in a direction; And a drill bit mounted at a lower end of the body portion and forming a plurality of drilling edges for drilling. The drilling apparatus includes a casing pipe; A hollow drill string installed along the inside of the casing pipe and having a path formed therein for fluid movement used as cooling and lubricant; And a fluid driven drill bit assembly installed at the drill string end and rotating by the fluid provided from the drill string.

Description

FLUID DRIVE TYPE DRILL BEAT ASSEMBLY AND DRILLING MACHINE

The present invention relates to a drill bit assembly and a drilling apparatus including the same, which is used to collect the seabed resources present in the deep sea.

In order to know the structure and characteristics of the strata, drilling a small diameter hole in the crust is called drilling. Drilling is carried out to gain knowledge of the interior of the earth's crust or to collect underground resources such as oil, natural gas, hot springs, and groundwater.

Drilling is progressing in various forms according to its purpose, and the construction length varies from several m to several thousand m, and from several mm to several tens of cm in diameter. Today, large-scale drilling of several meters in diameter is also carried out for use as vertical tunnels.

According to the excavation method, there is a shock type that impacts the drill bit and breaks the rock and drills it, and a rotary type that drills by rotating the bit inserted with the diamond cemented carbide at the end of the steel pipe (pipe) against the rock surface.

In the offshore drilling operation for oilfield development and exploration, offshore exploration drilling has conventionally been carried out using a ship such as a drill ship equipped with a single derrick.

Recently, offshore drilling was carried out using a drill ship equipped with a double derrick, which was able to perform both main and secondary exploration drilling operations in addition to the drilling method using a single derrick. have.

In the case of a single derrick or multiple derrick device as described above, drilling proceeds in the form of drilling a plurality of holes while decreasing the diameter of the drill bit in sequence, where these drilling depths depend on the rock formation and depth of the deposit. And diameter are determined.

Figure 1 schematically shows a configuration for a drilling apparatus used for conventional deep sea resource collection.

Referring to FIG. 1, a drill ship, that is, a crude oil drilling line 1 floating on the sea and a seabed is connected to a riser 10 and the inside of the riser 10 is Kelly and a symbol (not shown). A drill string 30 consisting of a drill pipe (not shown) and a drill collar (not shown) extends through the well to the well.

Also, at the end of riser (10) adjacent to the sea bottom, a BOP (12) is installed to prevent the gas from exploding by exploding if the gas field in the ground is touched incorrectly, and the inlet of the well is the wellhead housing. 14) This blockade. From the well inlet in the seabed is located in order from the casing 20 having a large diameter, the drill string 30 extending from the drilling line 1 is located inside the casing 20.

In addition, the drill bit 40 is installed at the end of the drill string 30 according to the drilling depth, different diameters, the drilling line (1) and the mined rock or fluid (Mud: Mud) and the casing 20 A circulation pump 2 is installed which transfers through the outside of the drill string 30 and delivers it back to the drill string 30 at a pressure suitable for the drilling depth.

In performing the drilling by using the above-described drilling apparatus, the downward direction generated by moving the fluid (mud) having energy (pressure) with the straightness along the drill string 30 while passing through the circulation pump 2. Excavation with respect to the excavation surface is performed by the rotation of the drill bit 40 by the vertical force and the rotation force of the drill string 30.

The fluid (mud) provided as cooling and lubricant of the mining rock and the drill bit 40 generated during the excavation process is again passed between the casing 20 and the riser 10 and the drill string 30 to the circulation pump 2. In this case, the pressure of the fluid proceeds in the form of appropriately adjusting the formation (formation) so as not to collapse while maintaining the pressure of the well hole.

In the drilling apparatus for the conventional drilling configured as described above, the rotational force of the drill string 30 is obtained through a rotary table 16 located on the drilling line 1, and the rotary table 16 is a drilling line 1. Power is transmitted from a driving means such as a motor (not shown) provided in place.

That is, in the case of the conventional excavation device of the above configuration, additional power equipment such as a motor for driving the rotary table in addition to the rotary table (16) to obtain the rotational force for drilling, that is excavation must be required It is a configuration, and there is a problem that space for installing additional equipment must be secured.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a fluid-driven drill bit assembly that does not require additional equipment, such as a rotary table and a motor, by providing rotational force to the drill bit using fluid (mud) pressure provided as cooling and lubricant. To provide an excavation device.

According to one aspect of the present invention as a means for solving the above problems, in a drill bit installed at the hollow drill string end, the drill bit is rotatably mounted to the drill string end via a bearing and has a plurality of holes through which fluid can pass; A rotating body comprising a rotating nozzle portion and a body portion extending downward from the center of the rotating nozzle portion in a straight line and having at least two blades attached at regular intervals in the circumferential direction thereof; And a drill bit mounted at a lower end of the body part and forming a plurality of excavation blades for excavation, wherein the plurality of blades are attached to the outer surface of the body part in a manner of dividing a predetermined spiral in the length direction of the body part. A fluid driven drill bit assembly may be provided.

Here, the plurality of holes formed in the rotating nozzle portion may be formed to have an arc-like arrangement.

In addition, the plurality of holes formed in the rotating nozzle part may be nozzle type holes having a smaller outlet diameter than the inlet diameter.

In addition, the plurality of holes formed in the rotating nozzle part may be spiral holes formed in a spiral shape having a phase difference by being present at a position spaced apart from the inlet in an oblique direction.

Alternatively, the plurality of holes formed in the rotating nozzle portion may be a nozzle-type hole having a smaller outlet diameter than the inlet diameter, and may be a spiral hole having a phase difference from the inlet at a position spaced diagonally apart from the inlet.

In the case where the hole is a spirally formed hole, the spiral direction of the hole may be opposite to the spiral forming direction of the blade formed in the body portion.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, to prevent the loss of the fluid discharged to the body portion through the hole of the rotating nozzle portion, the guide feather which is installed on the outer periphery of the drill string end in a form surrounding the body portion; may further include.

In this case, the guide feather may be a spherical guide feather having a curved inner surface convex central portion throughout.

According to another aspect of the present invention as a means for solving the above problems, as an excavation device for harvesting the seabed resources present in the deep sea, riser installed forward into the sea for drilling the oil well; A hollow drill string installed along the inside of the riser and having a path formed therein for fluid movement used as cooling and lubricant; A fluid circulation pump providing and circulating fluid to the drill string; And the above-described fluid-driven drill bit assembly installed at the end of the drill string and rotating by the fluid provided from the drill string.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to implement a device in which the drill bit is rotated by the fluid (mud) pressure provided as cooling and lubricant, so that additional equipment such as a rotary table, which is a power transmission means, and a motor, which is a power means, as in the prior art. There is no need, and accordingly there is no need for a separate space for installing additional equipment.

In addition, due to the elimination of equipment, it is possible to implement a drilling device that can be managed and operated more economically and efficiently, and above all, the rotational force of the drill bit is obtained through the pressure of the fluid (mud) provided as cooling and lubricant. For example, there is an effect to improve energy efficiency, such as more efficient use of available energy.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically showing the configuration of a conventional drilling device for drilling.
2 is a side elevational view of a fluid driven drill bit assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a plan view illustrating a rotating body shown in FIG. 2 according to one embodiment.
4 is a side configuration diagram of a rotating body according to another embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a plan configuration diagram of the rotating body according to FIG. 4.
6 is a side configuration diagram of a rotating body according to another embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a plan configuration diagram of the rotating body according to FIG. 6.
8 is a schematic configuration diagram schematically showing the configuration of an excavation device including a fluid-driven drill bit assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 2 is a side configuration of the fluid drive drill bit assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is a plan view according to an embodiment of the rotating body shown in FIG.

2 to 3, the drill bit assembly 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention is to obtain the rotational force of the drill bit from the fluid (mud) provided to the cooling and lubricant during the excavation process, largely, the drill string (30) It is composed of a rotating body 52 rotatably installed at the end and a drill bit 54 mounted at the lower end of the rotating body 52.

The drill string 30 is a hollow pipe formed therein a path through which fluid can flow, and the rotating body 52 is rotatable to the end of the drill string 30 through a rotating tool such as a bearing 53. Is installed. The rotating body 52 is further divided into a rotating nozzle part 520 rotatably coupled to the end of the drill string 30 and a body part 522 extending downward in a straight line from the center of the rotating nozzle part 520. do.

The rotating nozzle part 520 corresponds to a part rotatably mounted to the end of the drill string 30 through the bearing 53 as shown in the figure, and a plurality of high-pressure fluids provided from the drill string 30 can pass therethrough. It has a hole 521a.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the hole 521a has an arrangement arranged in an arc shape at a position spaced a predetermined distance from the center of the rotating nozzle portion 520, as shown in Figure 3, each hole 521a is As shown in FIG. 2, the body 522 is vertically communicated with the body 522.

The body part 522 is a pillar body extending downwardly in a straight line from the center of the rotating nozzle part 520, and at least two blades 524 are attached to the outer surface thereof in a circumferential direction at regular intervals.

In the present embodiment, the plurality of blades 524 are attached to the outer surface of the body portion 522 so as to partition a predetermined spiral in the longitudinal direction of the body portion 522, so that fluid is provided from the hole 521a. When the pressure of the fluid and the force according to the linear flow is transmitted to the blade 524, the rotational force is generated in the body portion 522.

The drill bit 54 forms a plurality of excavation blades for excavation and is detachably mounted integrally or replaceable at the lower end of the body portion. Therefore, when the body 522 is rotated by the fluid provided through the rotating nozzle unit 520 as described above, the drill bit 54 is rotated to perform excavation on the excavation surface.

Reference numeral 56 denotes a guide feather. The guide feather 56 prevents the fluid discharged through the hole 521a of the rotating nozzle part 520 to the body 522 from being scattered to the outside and minimizes the energy loss delivered to the blade 524. Is installed.

As a preferred example, as the guide feather 56, as shown in the drawing, a spherical guide feather having a curved inner surface with a central convex in its entirety is suitable, and in this case, the drill string 30 in the form of surrounding the body portion 522. It can be installed on the outer edge of the end.

4 to 7 are views for showing various embodiments of the rotating body 52 in the configuration of the drill bit assembly 50 described above. With reference to the accompanying drawings will be briefly looked at the configuration of a rotating body according to another embodiment of the present invention. Prior to describing the embodiments, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those of the above-described embodiment.

4 and 5 show a side view and a plan view of the rotating body according to another embodiment of the present invention.

4 to 5, the rotating body 52 according to another exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing has a plurality of holes 521b formed in the rotating nozzle part 520 with a nozzle-type hole having a smaller outlet diameter than an inlet diameter. Except that is the same as the configuration of the rotating body according to the embodiment described above. Therefore, duplicate description of the same components as in the above-described embodiment will be omitted.

When the hole 521b for delivering the fluid is formed in the shape of a nozzle having a smaller outlet diameter than the inlet diameter, the fluid provided from the drill string 30 is ejected into the space where the blade is formed at high speed while passing through the hole. In other words, the pressure energy of the fluid can be converted into the velocity energy, it is possible to implement a drill bit assembly having a faster rotational force.

6 and 7 show side and plan views of a rotating body according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

6 to 7, in the case of the rotating body 52 according to another exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing, a plurality of holes 521c formed in the rotating nozzle part 520 have an oblique direction from the inlet to the outlet. Except that formed in a helical shape having a phase difference in the spaced apart position is the same as the configuration of the rotating body according to the above-described embodiment. Therefore, duplicate description of the same components as in the above-described embodiment will be omitted.

In this embodiment, the spiral forming direction of the hole 521c is formed to be opposite to the spiral forming direction of the blade formed in the body portion. If the hole 521c formed in the rotating nozzle portion 520 is opposite to the direction of the blade 524, the flow of fluid is perpendicular to the plane of the blade 524, and thus is provided to the blade 524 through the hole 521c. The energy of the fluid can be used more efficiently.

That is, according to still another embodiment of the rotating body shown in Figs. 6 to 7, the hole 521c of the rotating nozzle part 520 is formed in a spiral, thereby providing the pressure energy possessed by the fluid to the blade side. The conversion to mechanical energy more reliably results in a drill bit assembly with efficient driveability.

8 to 9 are side and plan views of a rotating body according to another embodiment of the present invention.

8 to 9, in the case of the rotating body 52 according to another embodiment shown in the drawings, a plurality of holes 521d formed in the rotating nozzle part 520 are illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 7. It is characterized in that the nozzle-shaped hole is formed in a spiral shape as shown in the embodiment, the outlet diameter is smaller than the inlet diameter.

As in the present embodiment, when the hole 521d formed in the rotating nozzle part 502 is partitioned in a spiral shape and formed in a nozzle type having a smaller exit diameter than the inlet, the nozzle-shaped holes of FIGS. 4 to 5 described above. By combining the advantages of and the advantages of the spiral hole of Figures 6 to 7, it is possible to implement a drill bit assembly having a more efficient driving performance.

On the other hand, Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the configuration of an excavation device according to another aspect of the present invention including the fluid-driven drill bit assembly described above. The same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as the prior art configuration shown in FIG.

Referring to FIG. 10, a drill ship, that is, an oil riser 1 floating on the sea and a seabed is connected to a riser 10, and the inside of the riser 10 is Kelly and a symbol (not shown). A drill string 30 consisting of a drill pipe (not shown) and a drill collar (not shown) extends through the well to the well.

Also, at the end of riser (10) adjacent to the sea bottom, a BOP (12) is installed to prevent the gas from exploding by exploding if the gas field in the ground is touched incorrectly, and the inlet of the well is the wellhead housing. Is blocked. From the well inlet in the seabed is located in order from the casing 20 having a large diameter, the inner side of the casing 20 is located of the drill string 30 extending from the drilling line (1).

In addition, the drill bit assembly 50 according to one side of the present invention is installed at the end of the drill string 30, the drilling vessel 1 is a casing 20 and the riser (mined rock or fluid (Mud)) 10) and a fluid circulation pump (2) is provided which transfers between the drill string (30) and delivers the fluid back to the drill string (30) at a pressure suitable for the drilling depth.

Drilling operation through the excavation device having the above configuration occurs in the process of providing a fluid (mud) with energy (pressure) through the circulation pump 2 from the drill string 30 to the drill bit assembly 50 side. Excavation is performed with respect to the excavation surface by the downward vertical force and the rotational force (see arrow direction) of the rotating body 52 obtained through the fluid provided from the drill string 30.

The fluid (mud) provided as cooling and lubricant of the mining rock and the drill bit 54 generated during the excavation process is transferred to the fluid circulation pump 2 through the outside of the casing 20 and the drill string 30 again. In this case, the pressure of the fluid is maintained while the pressure in the well hole is constant, and the formation is appropriately controlled so as not to collapse.

According to the embodiment of the present invention described above, the high-pressure fluid (mud) provided as a cooling and lubricant is introduced to the drill bit assembly side to implement the device so that the drill bit can be rotated. That is, the embodiment of the present invention is a configuration that does not require additional equipment, such as a rotary table and a power transmission means of the power transmission means as in the prior art, and does not require a separate space for installing additional equipment.

In addition, it is possible to implement an excavation device that can be managed and operated more economically and efficiently by eliminating equipment, and above all, to obtain the rotational force of the drill bit through the pressure of the fluid (mud) provided as cooling and lubricant. Therefore, the available energy can be utilized more efficiently.

In the foregoing detailed description of the present invention, only specific embodiments thereof have been described. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to the specific forms referred to in the description, but rather includes all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Should be.

30: drill string 50: drill bit assembly
52: rotating body 53: bearing
54: drill bit 56: guide feather
520: rotating nozzle parts 521a, 521b, 521c: holes
522: body portion 524: blade

Claims (9)

In a fluid driven drill bit installed at the end of a hollow drill string,
A rotating nozzle portion rotatably mounted to the end of the drill string via a bearing, the rotating nozzle portion having a plurality of holes through which fluid can pass, and extending downwardly in a straight line from the center of the rotating nozzle portion and at least two in its circumferential direction; Rotating body consisting of a body portion is attached to the blade at a predetermined interval; And
And a drill bit mounted at the lowermost end of the body part to form a plurality of excavation blades for excavation.
The plurality of blades are fluid-driven drill bit assembly, characterized in that attached to the outer surface of the body portion to form a predetermined spiral in the longitudinal direction of the body portion.
The method of claim 1,
And a plurality of holes formed in the rotating nozzle portion are formed in an arcuate arrangement.
The method of claim 1,
And a plurality of holes formed in the rotating nozzle portion are nozzle type holes having a smaller outlet diameter than an inlet diameter.
The method of claim 1,
The plurality of holes formed in the rotating nozzle portion, the fluid-driven drill bit assembly, characterized in that formed in a helical shape having a phase difference by being in a position spaced apart from the inlet in an oblique direction.
The method of claim 1,
The plurality of holes formed in the rotating nozzle part are nozzle-type holes having a smaller outlet diameter than the inlet diameter, and are fluid-driven, characterized in that they are located at a position spaced apart from the inlet in an oblique direction and have a phase difference. Drill bit assembly.
The method according to claim 4 or 5,
And the helical direction of the hole is opposite to the helical direction of the blade formed in the body portion.
The method of claim 1,
And a guide feather installed on the outer periphery of the drill string in a form surrounding the body to prevent the loss of the fluid discharged through the hole of the rotating nozzle part to the body part.
The method of claim 7, wherein
And the guide vane is a spherical guide vane having a curved inner surface with a central convex throughout.
As an excavation device for collecting the seabed resources in the deep sea,
Risers installed underwater submerged for oil well drilling;
A hollow drill string installed along the inside of the riser and having a path formed therein for fluid movement used as cooling and lubricant;
A fluid circulation pump providing and circulating fluid to the drill string; And
And a fluid-driven drill bit assembly according to claim 1 installed at the end of the drill string and rotating by fluid provided from the drill string.

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