KR101188440B1 - Electronic paper having particles having particles for barrier rib or spacer and its fabrication method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to electronic paper having particles for partitions or spacers and to a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to an upper substrate and a lower substrate facing each other at predetermined intervals, and to patterning the substrate by in contact with the upper substrate and the lower substrate. Each of the upper and lower insulating layers covering the upper and lower substrates, including the upper and lower pixel electrodes, and the upper and lower pixel electrodes. For barrier ribs formed of particles larger than the driving particles injected into the pixel space, the upper and lower partition electrodes, the upper partition electrode and the lower partition electrode, which surround the pixels to form a pixel space, and are surrounded by an insulator between the upper partition electrode and the lower partition electrode. The present invention relates to an electronic paper having particles for partition walls or spacers composed of particles and to a method of manufacturing the same.

Description

ELECTRONIC PAPER HAVING PARTICLES HAVING PARTICLES FOR BARRIER RIB OR SPACER AND ITS FABRICATION METHOD}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to electronic paper, and more particularly, to electronic paper having particles for partition walls or spacers, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Today, the need for a transformation into a way of communicating and sharing information that corresponds to an information society that requires a new paradigm is accelerating technological development of electronic paper that can be bent as a flexible display and entering the commercial development stage. .

Electronic paper, which has the advantage of being bent as a flexible display, is cheaper to produce than conventional flat display panels, and can be driven with very little energy because it does not require background lighting or continuous recharging like a liquid crystal display device. Ahead.

In addition, the electronic paper is very sharp, has a wide viewing angle, and has a memory function that does not completely disappear even in the absence of power. These great advantages make it possible for electronic paper to be used in a wide range of applications, such as e-books with paper-like sides and moving illustrations, self-renewable newspapers, reusable paper displays for mobile phones, disposable TV screens and electronic wallpaper. It has a huge potential market.

The technical approach for the electronic paper implementation is largely liquid crystal method, organic EL, reflective film reflective display, electrophoresis, twist ball, electrochromic method, mechanical reflective indicator and double twist ball method. In the phase change of, there is no voltage threshold and it has a critical defect.Electrochromic devices also have low chemical stability when the colored layer is exposed to air and moisture, and the response speed is high due to the diffusion rate of ions in the electrolyte. Due to the slow drawback, the electrophoretic display technology that is currently attracting the most attention is the electrophoresis method using the electrophoresis phenomenon.

The electrophoretic phenomena can be divided into wet and dry methods.

Representative of the wet method is a display device using a microcapsules proposed by MIT media Lab and E-Ink, which was established separately (US Patent No. 5961804, etc.). 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the schematic structure. As shown, 200-300 μm in diameter containing ink particles of a specific color with specific charge (103a) and ink particles of different colors (or colored dielectric fluid, 103b) and transparent dielectric fluid 104 having opposite charges. The transparent microcapsules 100 were prepared. These microcapsules are mixed with the binder 107 to be positioned between the upper and lower transparent electrodes 105 and 106 and a voltage is applied to display characters or images by the method described above.

However, this wet method has a problem in realizing a video due to the slow response speed of about 100ms due to the viscous resistance of the liquid, and also has a problem in that a large portion of the upper part of the capsule is shielded by a binder or partially consumed so that the light efficiency is relatively low. .

In addition, the specific gravity between the two charged electrophoretic particles and the dielectric fluid should be kept the same, and the physical and chemical treatment for charge bonding to prevent aggregation between the two charged electrophoretic particles and to have electrophoretic mobility Additionally required. In other words, a chemical or physical polymer coating or a polymer ball is produced, followed by a complex process of two or three steps for introducing white and introducing functional groups that facilitate the bonding of charge control agents.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a dry electrophoretic display to solve this problem. As shown, the dry electrophoretic display encloses two kinds of electrophoretic particles 116 having different colors and charging characteristics between the transparent substrates 111 and 112 having the electrodes 114 and 115 formed on one surface thereof, and the upper and lower electrodes ( After applying a voltage to the electrophoretic particles to impart electrophoretic particles to each other, the electrophoretic particles are charged from collisions, and then the electrophoretic particle groups charged from the upper and lower electrodes 114 and 115 having different potentials. It comprises one or more pixels separated from each other by the partition wall 113 to give an electric field to move to display the image.

The dry electrophoretic display does not exist in a pixel space such as a liquid having a high viscosity, so the response speed is considerably fast, which is suitable for realizing a video, and has a simple structure and excellent stability.

The dry electronic paper display device is a reflective display device, and since the image is expressed by mutual movement due to collision of charged particles, the reflectivity or contrast ratio of these particles is very important.

However, according to the conventional partition wall, when the charged particles are applied in the pixel space or after driving for a long time, the particles are stuck together in the partition wall. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views and optical diagrams illustrating a state in which particles 122 are agglomerated in the partition wall 121 of a conventional dry electronic paper display device.

As shown in FIG. 3A, when the electrophoretic particles 122 adhere to the upper and lower electrodes and the partition walls 121 with high adhesion, the sides of the pixel space may be applied even if a high voltage is applied to the upper and lower vertical electrodes of the pixel space from the outside. The charging particles 122 attached to the partition wall 121 may not be separated from each other, which causes a serious problem in that the contrast of the pixel is dropped.

As such, the phenomenon in which the charged particles 122 adhere to both partition walls 121 of the pixel space is maximized in a situation in which no electric field is applied after driving for a long time or after driving.

In FIG. 3B, the fact that the charged particles 122 are stuck around the partition wall 121 may be confirmed. In this way, the contrast of the pixel may be increased due to the phenomenon that the charged particles 122 stick to the partition wall 121. In addition to falling, the movement of the particles is limited, resulting in a very low reflectivity or contrast ratio of the pixel, resulting in a problem of uneven image quality.

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to form a partition wall using the same material as the driving particles.

In addition, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to form a spacer of the same material as the driving particles in order to maintain a constant distance between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.

Electronic paper having a particle for the partition wall according to an aspect of the present invention comprises: an upper substrate and a lower substrate facing each other at a predetermined interval; An upper pixel electrode and a lower pixel electrode inscribed and patterned on the upper substrate and the lower substrate, respectively; An upper insulating layer and a lower insulating layer covering the upper substrate and the lower substrate including the upper pixel electrode and the lower pixel electrode; An upper partition electrode and a lower partition electrode which internally contact the upper insulating layer and the lower insulating layer to divide pixels to form a pixel space; And partition particles formed between the upper partition electrodes and the lower partition electrodes by being formed larger than driving particles injected into the pixel space.

The partition particles of the electronic paper having the partition particles according to the above features are characterized in that they are of the same material as the drive particles or larger particles than the drive particles.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an electronic paper having partition particles, the first step of forming a patterned upper pixel electrode and a lower pixel electrode by internally contacting an upper substrate and a lower substrate that are disposed to face each other at predetermined intervals; ;

A second step of forming an upper insulating layer and a lower insulating layer covering the upper substrate and the lower substrate including the upper pixel electrode and the lower pixel electrode;

A third step of forming an upper partition electrode and a lower partition electrode in which the pixels are inscribed in the upper insulating layer and the lower insulating layer, respectively, to form a pixel space;

Attaching partition particles to one of the upper partition electrode and the lower partition electrode;

A fifth step of implanting driving particles in the pixel space; And

And a sixth step of placing the partition particles between the partition electrode and the other partition electrode to which the partition particles are bonded.

The electronic paper manufacturing method having the particles for partition walls according to the above characteristics is further characterized in that the step of immersing in the volatiles to strongly bond the partition particles in the fourth step after the volatiles are evaporated.

The electronic paper manufacturing method having the partition particle according to the above characteristics is respectively injected into the opposite pixel space in which the partition particle is formed in the fifth step, or drive particles having different charges or drive in the pixel space on either side. The particles are mixed and injected.

According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic paper having particles for spacers includes: an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed to face each other at a predetermined interval; An upper pixel electrode and a lower pixel electrode inscribed and patterned on the upper substrate and the lower substrate, respectively; Barrier ribs formed by dividing pixels into any one of the upper pixel electrode and the lower pixel electrode to form a pixel space; Driving particles injected into the pixel space; And particles for spacers formed by being scattered over the barrier ribs and the driving particles.

The spacer particles of the electronic paper having the spacer particles according to the above characteristics are characterized in that they are of the same material as the driving particles or larger particles than the driving particles.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an electronic paper having a particle for a spacer, the first step of forming a patterned upper pixel electrode and a lower pixel electrode by internally contacting an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed to face each other at predetermined intervals. Wow;

Forming a partition wall for dividing the pixel into any one of the upper pixel electrode and the lower pixel electrode to form a pixel space;

A third step of implanting driving particles having different electrodes and colors into the pixel space;

A fourth step of dispersing spacer particles on top of the barrier rib and the driving particle; And

A fifth step of bonding the upper substrate and the lower substrate; Characterized in that made.

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According to this aspect of the present invention,

The present invention has the effect of eliminating the phenomenon that the particles are attached to the wall surface of the partition wall material is the same as the driving particles actually move.

In addition, the present invention has the effect of maintaining a constant distance between the upper substrate and the lower substrate by forming a particle for the spacer of the same material as the drive particles.

In addition, the present invention has the effect that the particle for the spacer can be formed on the drive particles to reduce some opening ratio.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a wet electronic paper display device using a conventional microcapsule.
2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional dry electronic paper display device.
3A and 3B are cross-sectional views and optical diagrams showing a state in which particles are agglomerated in a partition of a conventional dry electronic paper display device.
4 is a cross-sectional view showing an electronic paper having partition particles for the first embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a flow cross-sectional view showing a method for producing an electronic paper having partition particles for the first embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a cross-sectional view showing an electronic paper having a spacer particle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing an electronic paper having a particle for a spacer according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

4 is a cross-sectional view showing an electronic paper having partition particles for the first embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 4, the configuration of the electronic paper having the partition particle according to the first embodiment of the present invention is largely composed of the upper substrate 100 and the lower substrate 200, but the upper substrate 100 has an upper portion. The pixel electrode 110, the upper insulating layer 120, and the upper partition electrode 130 are formed, and the lower substrate 200 is the lower pixel electrode 210, the lower insulating layer 220, and the lower partition electrode 230. It further comprises a drive particle (140, 240), and partition particles 300 are injected into the pixel space.

The upper substrate 100 and the lower substrate 200 are basic configurations of electronic paper disposed to face each other at a predetermined interval. The type can be selected as a flexible material of glass substrate or flexible plastic type.

The upper pixel electrode 110 and the lower pixel electrode 210 are formed by being inscribed and patterned on the upper substrate 100 and the lower substrate 200, respectively.

At this time, a voltage is applied to the upper pixel electrode 110 and the lower pixel electrode 210 to implement an image on the surface of the upper plate by moving the driving particles charged by the electric field.

The upper insulating layer 120 and the lower insulating layer 220 include the upper pixel electrode 110 and the lower pixel electrode 210 to cover the upper substrate 100 and the lower substrate 200, respectively. In this case, the upper insulating layer 120 and the lower insulating layer 220 may be used to protect the upper pixel electrode 110 and the lower pixel electrode 210.

The upper partition electrode 130 and the lower partition electrode 230 are internally in contact with the upper insulating layer 120 and the lower insulating layer 220 to divide pixels to form a pixel space.

At this time, the partition electrode 130 and the lower partition electrode 230 is formed by patterning with a conductive material having a high conductivity so that the driving particles can be located in the region where the partition wall is present.

In addition, the upper partition electrode 130 and the lower partition electrode 230 may be formed by stacking an insulating layer. Since this corresponds to the upper insulating layer 120 or the lower insulating layer 220 and the same principle, description thereof will be omitted.

The partition particle 300 is formed between the upper partition electrode 130 and the lower partition electrode 230 and is formed of particles larger than the driving particles 140 and 240 injected into the pixel space.

The driving particles 140 and 240 are injected into the pixel space of the upper substrate 100 and the pixel space of the lower substrate 200 to be substantially used for image representation.

At this time, the driving particles (140, 240) is injected by mixing particles having different electrodes and colors.

Figure 5 is a flow cross-sectional view showing a method for producing an electronic paper having partition particles for the first embodiment of the present invention.

The electronic paper manufacturing method having the partition particle according to the first embodiment of the present invention consists of the following steps, but in FIG. 5, the upper substrate 100 and the lower substrate 200 are represented as one.

First, (a) a patterned upper pixel electrode 110 and a lower pixel electrode 210 are formed to be inscribed in the upper substrate 100 and the lower substrate 200 which are disposed to face each other at predetermined intervals.

Subsequently, (b) each of the upper insulating layer 120 and the lower insulating layer 220 including the upper pixel electrode 110 and the lower pixel electrode 210 to cover the upper substrate 100 and the lower substrate 200. To form.

Subsequently, (c) an upper partition electrode 130 and a lower partition electrode 230 forming a pixel space by dividing the pixels by internally contacting the upper insulating layer 120 and the lower insulating layer 220 are formed.

At this time, the upper partition electrode 130 and the lower partition electrode 230 may form an insulating layer to protect the electrode as shown in step (d) of Figure 5, in some cases even if the insulating layer is not formed It is not unreasonable to carry out.

Subsequently, (e) the partition particle 300 is bonded to any one of the upper partition electrode 130 and the lower partition electrode 230.

Here, the partition particles 300 are applied to the entire surface by bonding the partition particles 300 to the partition electrodes 130 and 230, and a voltage is applied to the charging plate and the partition electrodes, and the partition particles ( The driving particles 140 and 240 which are not in contact with the partition particle 300 are applied while being applied to the substrates 100 and 200 to which the voltage of the opposite polarity is applied to the charge amount of the 300.

In order that the partition particles do not adhere to the pixel electrodes 110 and 210, the pixel electrodes 110 and 210 apply a voltage having the same polarity as that of the partition particles 300 so that the partition particles easily fall.

It is also possible to carry out light blowing with a nitrogen gun.

At this time, in order to strongly adhere the partition particle 300 to the upper partition electrode 130 or the lower partition electrode 230, the volatile material is evaporated and then bonded.

In addition, the partition particle 300 is made of the same material as the drive particles (140, 240), but the size is larger than the drive particles (140, 240), preferably twice the diameter of the drive particles (140, 240) It corresponds to 10 times.

Finally, (f) it is injected to accumulate driving particles (140, 240) in the pixel space.

In this case, the driving particles 140 and 240 injected into the pixel space are injected by mixing particles having different electrodes and colors, that is, driving particles 140 and 240 having positive and negative charges. The mixture may be injected into the pixel space of the upper substrate 100 or the pixel space of the lower substrate 200.

In addition, although not shown in FIG. 5, the following implementation is also possible. Driving particles having a single charge may be injected into the pixel space of the upper substrate 100 and the pixel space of the lower substrate 200, respectively. That is, for example, a driving particle having a negative charge is injected into a pixel space of the upper substrate 100 to which a positive voltage is applied, and a pixel space of the lower substrate 200 to which a negative voltage is applied. Inject driving particles with positive charge.

In addition, the driving particles 140 and 240 apply a voltage opposite to the polarity of the driving particles 140 and 240 by the charging plate to the pixel electrodes 110 and 210 to easily drive the driving particles 140 and 240 into the pixel space. Can be charged.

The upper substrate 100 and the lower substrate 200 formed in the above-described steps may be bonded together with the partition particle 300 between any one of the partition electrode and the other partition electrode to which the partition particle 300 is bonded. Electronic paper having a particle for partition walls such as 4 can be implemented.

6 is a cross-sectional view showing an electronic paper having a spacer particle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 6, the configuration of the electronic paper having the spacer particles according to the second embodiment of the present invention is largely composed of the upper substrate 400 and the lower substrate 500, but the upper substrate 400 has an upper portion. The pixel electrode 410 and the upper insulating layer 420 are formed, and the lower substrate 500 is formed of the lower pixel electrode 510, the lower insulating layer 520, and the partition wall 530, and additionally injected into the pixel space. It comprises a driving particle 540, and a particle 600 for the spacer.

The upper substrate 400 and the lower substrate 500 have a basic configuration of electronic paper disposed to face each other at a predetermined interval. The type can be selected as a flexible material of glass substrate or flexible plastic type.

The upper pixel electrode 410 and the lower pixel electrode 510 are formed by internally patterning the upper and lower substrates 400 and 500, respectively.

At this time, by applying a voltage to the upper pixel electrode 410 and the lower pixel electrode 510, the driving particles 540 charged by the electric field is moved to implement an image on the top surface.

The upper insulating layer 420 and the lower insulating layer 520 may include the upper pixel electrode 410 and the lower pixel electrode 510 to cover the upper substrate 400 and the lower substrate 500, respectively.

In this case, the upper insulating layer 420 and the lower insulating layer 520 may be used to protect the upper pixel electrode 410 and the lower pixel electrode 510.

The partition wall 530 is in contact with the upper insulating layer 420 and the lower insulating layer 520 to divide pixels to form a pixel space.

The driving particles 540 are injected into the pixel space of the upper substrate 400 and the pixel space of the lower substrate 500 to be substantially used for image representation.

In this case, the driving particles 540 are mixed with the driving particles 540 having different electrodes and colors and injected into one pixel space.

In addition, when there are partition walls on both sides of the upper substrate 400 and the lower substrate 500, driving particles having a single charge opposite to each other are injected into each pixel space. That is, a driving particle having a negative charge is injected into a pixel space of the upper substrate 400 to which a positive voltage is applied, and a positive charge is applied to a pixel space of a lower substrate 500 to which a negative voltage is applied. It is formed by injecting a driving particle having a.

The spacer particles 600 are dispersed on top of the barrier rib 530 and the driving particle 540, and a part of the spacer particles 600 scattered may exist on the barrier rib 530, but most of the spacer particles 600 are driven particle 540. Above, thereby reducing the aperture ratio.

In addition, since the amount of the spacer particles 600 is not large, there is an effect of maintaining a constant distance between the upper substrate 400 and the lower substrate 500 without affecting the image quality of the electronic paper.

In addition, the spacer particle 600 is made of the same material as the driving particle 540 and is formed of larger particles than the driving particle 540.

7 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for manufacturing an electronic paper having a particle for a spacer according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing an electronic paper having a particle for a spacer is performed in the following steps, but the upper substrate 400 and the lower substrate 500 are shown as one in FIG. 7.

First, (a) a patterned upper pixel electrode 410 and a lower pixel electrode 510 are formed to be inscribed in the upper substrate 400 and the lower substrate 500 that are disposed to face each other at predetermined intervals.

In this case, as illustrated in FIG. 7B, each of the upper insulating layer 420 and the lower insulating layer covering the upper substrate 400 and the lower substrate 500 including the upper pixel electrode 410 and the lower pixel electrode 510 is illustrated. Form layer 520.

Here, the upper insulating layer 420 and the lower insulating layer 520 is optional and not required.

Subsequently, (c) a partition wall 530 is formed in one of the upper pixel electrode 410 and the lower pixel electrode 510 to form a pixel space.

In this case, when an insulating layer is formed on the upper pixel electrode 410 and the lower pixel electrode 510, a partition wall 530 is formed on the insulating layer to form a pixel space.

In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the partition wall 530 is formed on the upper substrate 400 or the lower substrate 500, but the partition wall 530 may be formed on both sides.

Subsequently, (d) injection is carried out so that driving particles having different electrodes and colors are stacked in the pixel space.

In this case, the driving particles 140 and 240 injected into the pixel space mix and inject driving particles 540 having different electrodes and colors, and have positive and negative charges in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Is formed by mixing particles and injecting the particles into the pixel space of the upper substrate 400 or the pixel space of the lower substrate 500, but having the same charge in the pixel space of the upper substrate 400 and the pixel space of the lower substrate 500. Each of the driving particles 540 may be injected.

That is, a driving particle having a negative charge is injected into a pixel space of the upper substrate 400 to which a positive voltage is applied, and a positive charge is applied to a pixel space of a lower substrate 500 to which a negative voltage is applied. Inject the driving particles.

Finally, (e) the spacer particles 600 are dispersed on top of the partition wall 530 and the driving particles 540.

At this time, some of the particles for the spacer 600 scattered will be present on the partition wall 530, but most of them will be on the driving particle 540, thereby reducing the opening ratio.

The spacer particles 600 formed as described above may be bonded to each other between the upper substrate 400 and the lower substrate 500 to realize electronic paper having the spacer particles as shown in FIG. 6.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, Of course, this is possible. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined by the equivalents as well as the claims that follow.

100, 400: upper substrates 110, 410; Upper pixel electrode
120, 420: upper insulating layer 130: upper partition electrode
140, 240, 540: driving particles 300: partition particles
200, 500: lower substrate 210, 510: lower pixel electrode
220, 520: lower insulating layer 230: lower partition electrode
530: partition 600: particles for spacers

Claims (9)

An upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed to face each other at a predetermined interval;
An upper pixel electrode and a lower pixel electrode inscribed and patterned on the upper substrate and the lower substrate, respectively;
An upper insulating layer and a lower insulating layer covering the upper substrate and the lower substrate including the upper pixel electrode and the lower pixel electrode;
An upper partition electrode and a lower partition electrode which internally contact the upper insulating layer and the lower insulating layer to divide pixels to form a pixel space; And
And a partition particle formed between the upper partition electrode and the lower partition electrode so as to be larger than a driving particle injected into the pixel space. The method of claim 1,
The partition particle is an electronic paper having partition particles, wherein the partition particles are made of the same material as the drive particles or larger than the drive particles. A first step of forming a patterned upper pixel electrode and a lower pixel electrode by internally in contacting the upper substrate and the lower substrate disposed at predetermined intervals;
A second step of forming an upper insulating layer and a lower insulating layer covering the upper substrate and the lower substrate including the upper pixel electrode and the lower pixel electrode;
A third step of forming an upper partition electrode and a lower partition electrode in which the pixels are inscribed in the upper insulating layer and the lower insulating layer, respectively, to form a pixel space;
Attaching partition particles to one of the upper partition electrode and the lower partition electrode;
A fifth step of implanting driving particles in the pixel space; And
And a sixth step of placing the partition particles between the one of the partition electrodes and the other partition electrode to which the partition particles are bonded. 6. The method of claim 3,
The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of immersing in the volatile material in order to strongly bond the partition particles in the fourth step after the volatiles are evaporated and bonded. The method of claim 3,
In the fifth step, the partition particles are formed by injecting driving particles having different charges into the opposite pixel spaces in which the partition particles are formed, or by mixing the driving particles into the pixel space on either side. Electronic paper manufacturing method having. An upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed to face each other at a predetermined interval;
An upper pixel electrode and a lower pixel electrode inscribed and patterned on the upper substrate and the lower substrate, respectively;
Barrier ribs formed by dividing pixels into any one of the upper pixel electrode and the lower pixel electrode to form a pixel space;
Driving particles injected into the pixel space; And
Electronic paper having a spacer particle, characterized in that composed of particles for the spacer formed by scattering on the partition and the top of the drive particle. The method according to claim 6,
The spacer particle is an electronic paper having a spacer particle, characterized in that the material is the same material as the drive particle, or larger than the drive particle. A first step of forming a patterned upper pixel electrode and a lower pixel electrode by internally in contacting the upper substrate and the lower substrate disposed at predetermined intervals;
Forming a partition wall for dividing the pixel into at least one of the upper pixel electrode and the lower pixel electrode to form a pixel space;
A third step of implanting driving particles having different electrodes and colors into the pixel space;
A fourth step of dispersing spacer particles on top of the barrier rib and the driving particle; And
A fifth step of bonding the upper substrate and the lower substrate; The electronic paper manufacturing method which has the particle | grains for spacers characterized by the above-mentioned. delete

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