KR101140428B1 - Electric direct current network for water vessels and for offshore units having increased shut-off security - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to at least one direct current source (2), in particular a battery and fuel cell installation, at least one electrical consumer device (3), for example an electric drive motor or on-board electrical system, and a direct current network (1). A direct current network (1) for submarines, ships, and offshore units, having at least one interruption device (4) for interrupting a flowing direct current, in which case the interruption device (4) is a vacuum connected within the network. Having a switch 5 and a current device 8 or 9, an arc generated when the switch 5 is opened can be erased through the current device, and the vacuum switch 5 is connected to the first switch pole 5a. And by having a second switch pole 5b, the breaking stability can be increased, in which case the first switch pole 5a is connected from the plus pole of the DC current source 2 to the consumer device 3; Connected to the current branch line 6, and The second switch pole 5b is connected to a current branch line 7 which is connected from the negative pole of the DC current source 2 to the consumer device 3, in which case the two switch poles 5a, 5b are mechanical Are coupled to each other, and in this case the disconnecting device 4 is adapted to cancel the arc generated within the switch pole 5a or 5b for at least one of the two switch poles 5a and 5b. It has one current device 8 or 9.

Description

ELECTRIC DIRECT CURRENT NETWORK FOR WATER VESSELS AND FOR OFFSHORE UNITS HAVING INCREASED SHUT-OFF SECURITY}

The present invention relates to an electric direct current network for ships, in particular submarines and offshore units, according to the preamble of claim 1; Electrical DC networks of this type are known, for example, from DE 10 2005 031 761 B3.

DE 10 2005 031 761 B3 discloses electric DC networks of ships, in particular submarines, in which case the current interrupter is a DC current source, for example a battery or fuel cell installation and an electricity consuming device, for example. For example, it is connected between a propulsion motor or an on-board electrical system, the current interrupter comprising a circuit breaker and a commutation device formed by a vacuum switch.

The arc generated by the current flowing through the switch at switch opening can be cleared by the current device. To this end, the current device feeds the vacuum switch in the opposite direction immediately after the arc is generated, which compensates for the current flowing in the arc or at least reduces the current to such an extent that the arc is erased.

In this case, the current device can be configured in various ways. For example, the current device has a current electrical circuit lying parallel to the vacuum switch, which includes a switch and a charge reservoir, for example a capacitor. Through the control device, the switch is driven immediately after the opening of the vacuum switch, which ensures that the charge reservoir is connected in parallel and in the opposite polarity to the vacuum circuit breaker in order to eliminate the arc generated in the switch. Instead of a charge store, a charge generator, for example an electric inductor, may also be provided, which is driven by a controller to generate a compensation current after opening the vacuum switch, the compensation current being a vacuum switch. Eliminates arcs generated when opening

The object of the present invention starts from improving the direct current network according to the preamble of claim 1 to have further increased breaking stability.

The solution of this object is achieved by the DC network according to claim 1 according to the invention. Preferred embodiments are each subject of the dependent claims.

Two current branch lines are simultaneously separated by placing one switch pole (i.e. one switching section) each in the current branch line connected to the positive pole as well as in the current branch line connected to the minus pole and through mechanical coupling of the two switch poles. Therefore, simultaneous simultaneous separation of both the consumer device and the direct current source is performed. For this reason, the breaking stability in a DC network can be expanded. In this case, it is sufficient that the breaker has a current device for canceling the arc generated within the switch pole for at least one of the two switch poles, since it cuts off the current in the one switch pole. This is because, in normal cases, other switch poles become non-current in a short time due to current zero crossings, and as a result, the other switch poles likewise experience current zero crossings that cause arc cancellation at the switch poles.

However, to further increase the breaking stability, the breaking device can have its own current device for each of the two switch poles. This can even break the double ground in the DC network.

The advantage of the vacuum switch is to have an additional third switch pole, which is mechanically coupled with the first switch pole and the second switch pole, from the negative pole of the direct current source in series with respect to the second switch pole. It is connected to a current branch line that leads to the consumer device. As described above, the two poles are simultaneously disconnected, that is, the process of disconnecting a consumer device having only one vacuum switch composed of three poles (that is, a break in two current split lines) and two poles. By simultaneously cutting off a series circuit composed of two switching sections (ie, two switching sections) within one current branch line, a very high breaking stability can be attained by redundancy of voltage strength.

In this case, the second and third switch poles do not necessarily have to have their own current devices. It is sufficient that the second switch pole and the third switch pole have one common current device, that is, it is sufficient that the current device is connected in parallel to the series circuit of the two switch poles. It is also sufficient that the second switch pole has a current device, whereas the third switch pole does not have a current device, ie the current device is only connected in parallel to the second switch pole. When the current device erases the arc in the second switch pole, the flow of current is also interrupted, so that the erasure of the arc occurs in the third switch pole.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention the contact gap is 1.5 mm to 15 mm, preferably 2 mm to 5 mm when the switch pole is opened. This achieves a particularly stable magnetic field within the switch pole, thereby achieving a particularly good breaking force.

The triggering of the commutation impulse in the current device is only performed at a preset minimum contact gap (e.g., 3 mm minimum contact gap) at the switch pole, allowing further rise in breaking stability. This further increase in breaking stability can be made possible by, for example, delaying the triggering impulse of the current device by a time corresponding to the vacuum switch.

 The total inductance of the current electrical circuit of the current device is preferably at most 0.5 μH. In particular, a fast current rise (dI / dt) can be achieved by the structure having a low induction coefficient as described above.

Preferably the triggering of the rectifying impulse takes place only after the minimum arc duration has ended. This ensures a sufficient diffusion of the arc, thus enabling a reliable shutoff.

If the current device has RC-elements and / or varistors connected in parallel to the switch poles, the excess recovery voltage at the switch poles (transient voltage after a short-circuit current interruption) is below 500 V / μs. Can be limited to values.

Preferably the isolating device is one device for measuring the triggering parameters in the DC network and for generating a triggering impulse for the mechanical opening of the vacuum switch and for a current device comprising one or more of the triggering parameters. Has

The advantage of the breaker is that it has at least one overcurrent release for the vacuum switch, in which case the overcurrent relief is not delayed by the overcurrent relief (i.e. the overcurrent triggering is only delayed by the inherent time of the switch). And delayed overcurrent alleviation (i.e., overcurrent triggering is delayed through the inherent time of the switch and through an adjustable time within the overcurrent alleviation). This makes it possible to select or grade overcurrent triggering of various switches within the DC network.

Further preferred embodiments of the invention according to the features of the invention and the dependent claims are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments of the figures.

1 is a basic circuit diagram of a DC network having a vacuum switch having three poles connected between a DC current source and a consuming device, and a circuit breaker having two current devices.

2 is a preferred embodiment of the current device,

3 is a side view of the blocking device,

4 is a front view of the blocking device.

The DC network 1 shown in a particularly simplified view in FIG. 1 is designed to cut off a current flowing between the DC current source 2, the electricity consuming device 3 and the DC current source 2 and the consuming device 3. Has a shut-off device 4. The disconnect device 4 comprises a vacuum switch 5 having three switch poles (ie three switching sections) 5a, 5b, 5c, connected between the direct current source 2 and the consuming device 3. do. In this case the switch poles are mechanically coupled to one another to have a common mechanical drive, ie the opening or closing of the three switch poles is always at the same time.

The switch pole 5a is connected to a current branch line 6 which connects the positive pole of the direct current current source 2 to the consuming device 3. The switch poles 5b and 5c are connected in series with a current branch line 7 which connects the negative pole of the DC current source 2 to the consumer device 3.

The breaking device 4 has a first current device 8, which is connected in parallel to the switch pole 5a, and supplies a reverse current to the switch pole 5a in the switch pole 5a. Used to mute the arc. The breaking device 4 also has a second current device 9 connected in parallel to a series circuit composed of two switch poles 5b and 5c.

Alternatively, the disconnecting device 4 may have only the current device 8 or only the current device 9.

The measuring device 19 is used to measure the triggering parameters in the DC network 1 and consists of a triggering parameter for the mechanical opening device 21 of the vacuum switch 5 and one or more of the triggering parameters. It is used to generate the triggering impulse for the current devices 8, 9. For this purpose the measuring device 19 is connected to the opening device 21 and the current devices 8, 9 via the control lines 20.

The illustrated breaker 4 with two current devices 8, 9 and a total of three switch poles (or switching sections) 5a, 5b, 5c connected in series and mechanically coupled to each other are compactness. In the case of large), it is characterized by particularly high breaking force and especially high breaking stability. The two current devices 8, 9 allow even a double ground break in the DC network 1.

In this case, each current device 8, 9 is preferably? It has a current electrical circuit formed of an impulse circuit 10, the current electrical circuit has a high output semiconductor switch 11 for a high impulse current, for example a thyristor, a surge capacitor 12, a capacitor ( 12, and a starter 14 for starting the high power semiconductor switch 11 for charging.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a preferred configuration of the blocking device 4 according to FIG. 1. The vacuum output switch 5 is disposed above the current device 8 or 9, which is formed by a substantially high output thyristor 11 and a capacitor 12. In this case, the vacuum switch tubes 15 of the vacuum output switch 5 are connected to the housing of the switch drive device 17 through the insulators 16. The capacitor 12 and the high output thyristor 11 are connected in parallel to the vacuum switch tube 15 through the current strip 18. In the best arrangement, switch tubes 15 and insulators 16 for low nominal voltage are used, which enables a much more compact and simpler construction.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a preferred configuration of the blocking device 4 according to FIG. 1, shown in side view in FIG. 3. The three vacuum switch tubes 15 of the three poles 5a, 5b, 5c of the switch 5 are shown in FIG. It is arranged on the current devices 8, 9 and connected to the housing of the switch drive 17 via insulators. Current strips are not shown for ease of overview. The current device 8 is connected in parallel to the switch pole 5a and the current device 9 is connected in parallel to the series circuit of the switch poles 5b and 5c. The current devices 8, 9 each comprise one high output thyristor 11 and a capacitor 12.

The use of the vacuum output switch 5 having two current devices 8 and 9 and having the three poles as described above enables the best breaking stability by a total of three switching sections in series when the structure is compact. Two of the three switch systems are actively commutated.

In addition, the blocking device has the following features:

Limit the maximum current variation rate below 2000 A / μs during rectification through the vacuum switch tubes,

By installing parallel RC-elements and / or varistors, limit the transient recovery voltage (transient voltage after the short-circuit current interruption) in vacuum switch tubes to values below 500 V / μs,

Low inductive structure with a total induction coefficient of up to 0.5 μH in current electrical circuits,

Measuring the current flowing in the DC network and / or measuring the rate of current rise occurring in the DC network and / or measuring the supply voltage and for the mechanical opening of the vacuum switch and the triggering Generating a triggering impulse for a current electrical circuit consisting of one or more of the triggering parameters,

Use analogue of triggering parameters to obtain a triggering signal, eg current transducer,

Digitize the required triggering parameters and digitally process them as triggering signals,

A minimum contact gap of 1.5 to 2 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm, 5 to 15 mm or more; Basis for 15 mm or less: Larger gaps reduce the stable magnetic field and thereby the blocking force,

The commutation impulse is triggered only when the minimum contact distance in the vacuum switch is 3 mm by measuring the contact gap.

The commutation impulse is triggered only when the minimum contact gap in the vacuum switch is 3 mm due to the delay of the triggering impulse of the current electrical circuit by the duration corresponding to the vacuum switch device.

 Using a vacuum switch drive with a maximum triggering delay of up to 50 ms (applying a triggering impulse up to a contact opening of 3 mm or more),

Using a vacuum switch drive with a triggering delay of less than 50 ms, preferably less than 30 ms (applying a triggering impulse up to a contact opening of 3 mm or more),

Use vacuum switch drive with a contact compression force of at least 4 kN per switch tube,

In order to reach the maximum switching capability of the vacuum switch tubes used, the contact lifting operation is limited to a maximum of 5 to 6 mm,

Using vacuum switch tubes with axial magnetic field contacts having a typical axial field strength of at least 5 mT / kA, preferably 8 to 10 mT / kA,

Galvanically separating the charger of the energy accumulator at the same time or after the triggering impulse by means of an electromechanical or pneumatically actuated switching member,

Extremely compact structure by using a vacuum switch with three poles,

It has a particularly compact structure by using reverse conductive semiconductor switches to connect an energy store (capacitor).

Claims (15)

Increased breaking stability, with at least one direct current source (2), at least one electricity consumption device (3), and at least one breaking device (4) for cutting off the direct current flowing in the direct current network (1) Electrical direct current network (1) for submarines, ships and offshore units, In this case, the blocking device 4 has a vacuum switch 5 and a commutation device 8 or 9 arranged in the network, and the arc generated when the switch 5 is opened is Can be erased through the current device, The vacuum switch 5 has a first switch pole 5a and a second switch pole 5b, in which case the first switch pole 5a is connected from the positive pole of the DC current source 2 to the consumer device ( 3 is connected to a current branch line 6 connected up to 3), and the second switch pole 5b is connected to a current branch line 7 connected from the negative pole of the DC current source 2 to the consumer device 3; The two switch poles 5a, 5b are mechanically coupled to each other, and the disconnecting device 4 is adapted for the switch poles of at least one of the two switch poles 5a, 5b. With one current device 8 or 9 for canceling the arc generated within Electric dc network. The method of claim 1, The disconnect device 4 has its own current device 8 or 9 for each of the two switch poles 5a, 5b, Electric dc network. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The vacuum switch 5 has an additional third switch pole 5c, the third switch pole being mechanically coupled with the first switch pole 5a and the second switch pole 5b, Connected to the current branch line 7 connected from the negative pole of the DC current source 2 to the consumer device 3 in series with the two switch poles 5b, Electric dc network. The method of claim 3, wherein The second switch pole 5b and the third switch pole 5c have a common rectifier 9, Electric dc network. The method of claim 3, wherein The second switch pole has a current device, and the third switch pole does not have a current device, Electric dc network. The method according to claim 1 or 2, When the switch poles 5a, 5b, 5c are open, the contact gap is 1.5 mm to 15 mm, Electric dc network. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The triggering of current impulses in the current devices 8, 9 of the switch poles 5a, 5b, 5c is carried out in the minimum contact gap situation set in advance within the switch poles 5a, 5b, 5c. To be executed, Electric dc network. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The electric current circuit 10 of the current devices 8, 9 has a total induction coefficient of at most 0.5 μH, Electric dc network. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The triggering of the current impulses made in the current device 8, 9 is only executed after the minimum arc duration is over. Electric dc network. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The disconnect device 4 is adapted to at least one of the RC-elements and varistors connected in parallel to the switch poles 5a, 5b, 5c to limit excessive recovery voltages at the switch poles 5a, 5b, 5c. Branches, Electric dc network. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The blocking device 4 consists of a triggering parameter for measuring the triggering parameters in the DC network 1 and for the mechanical opening device 21 of the vacuum switch 5 and one or more of the triggering parameters. With one device 19 to generate a triggering impulse for the current device 8, 9, Electric dc network. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The blocking device 4 has at least one overcurrent relief for the vacuum switch 5, Electric dc network. The method of claim 1, The at least one DC current source 2 is at least one of a battery and a fuel cell facility, Electric dc network. The method of claim 1, The at least one electricity consuming device 3 is an electric drive motor or on-board electrical system, Electric dc network. The method of claim 6, When the switch poles 5a, 5b, 5c are open, the contact gap is 2 mm to 5 mm, Electric dc network.

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