KR101132928B1 - Unit of breakwater - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A breakwater unit is provided to prevent damage of anchored ships and facilities caused by delivering wave energy to a harbor because the breakwater unit is designed in consideration of flowing direction and route of waves. CONSTITUTION: A breakwater unit comprises a body portion(110), projection portions(130), side uneven grooves(150), communication holes(170), and corner uneven grooves(190). The body portion is made of concrete material in the form of polyhedron. The projection portions are formed in one sides of the body portion. The side uneven grooves are corresponded to the projection portions and formed in the other sides of the body portion. The communication holes are formed in one side of the body portion and extended to the other side of the body portion. The corner uneven grooves are formed inward of the body portion in the each corner of the body portion.

Description

Breakwater Unit {Unit of Breakwater}

The present invention relates to a unit of the breakwater, and more particularly to a breakwater unit unit for effectively absorbing and dispersing energy transmitted from the wave by providing one or more communication holes and grooves in the body portion of the polyhedron shape.

A breakwater is an artificial structure of a port that reduces the energy when blue waves coming from the open sea enter a port facility, thereby maintaining the calmness of the sea level, and allowing various facilities in the port or anchored vessels to anchor safely.

The structure of breakwater can be classified into uprights, warpants, and hybrids. Upright structures are concrete structures that are constructed by standing upright at the bottom as they are widely used in small breakwaters. While the effect of preventing the inflow of blue waves into the harbor is excellent, the ground is weak and may sink or collapse the foundation sandstone. The inclined structure is a pile of sandstone or tetrapod, which can be constructed even when the soil is weak. On the other hand, blue waves are crushed on the slopes, which can cause a lot of waves. In deep water, materials for constructing breakwaters are provided. It takes a lot of disadvantages that are not economical. The hybrid structure is a laminate of uprights on the above-mentioned inclining agent and is currently widely used to compensate for the disadvantages of both.

In addition, the classification of breakwater can be divided into fixed and floating. Fixed breakwater refers to a method of fixing to the bottom surface of the sea floor as a base structure, floating breakwater refers to a way formed to allow the seawater to pass under the breakwater by floating the breakwater on the sea surface.

These existing breakwaters interfere with the natural flow of seawater, which prevents the movement of sediment according to seasons, deteriorates the water quality, deposits of sediment in the ports, loses sand in the beach, and destroys the marine ecological environment. It is causing a problem. In addition, when the wave energy is not effectively absorbed, secondary damage caused by the moon wave may occur.

The present invention has been proposed to solve the problems described above, in order to effectively absorb and disperse the wave energy, by designing a unit unit of the breakwater in consideration of the flow direction and path of the wave to install the facility as the wave energy is delivered into the harbor And it is an object to provide a unit of the breakwater for preventing the damage of the vessel in the berth.

To this end, the present invention can achieve the object of the present invention by providing a plurality of communication holes with a polyhedral-shaped body portion, allowing a portion of the wave energy to pass through and proceeding to the unit unit of the breakwater provided next to each other.

In order to achieve the above object, the breakwater unit unit according to the present invention,

Polyhedron-shaped body portion provided with a concrete material, at least one protrusion provided on the side of the body portion, a side groove corresponding to the shape of the protrusion and provided at least one on the other side of the body portion, formed on any one side of the body portion And at least one communication hole provided at one or more so as to communicate with the other side of the body part and at least one corner recess formed in the inward direction of the body part from the corner along the edge of the body part, wherein the breakwater unit unit is stacked next to each other. In this case, the corner groove is combined with the corner groove of the neighboring unit unit, to form a hemispherical hollow, the communication hole is the communication hole inlet provided on one side of the body portion and the communication hole outlet provided on the other side and the communication hole It consists of a communication path between the inlet and outlet of the communication hole, the communication The cross-section is characterized by increasingly smaller toward the communication hole outlet in the inlet communication hole.

In addition, the side of the body portion is provided flat, the protrusion is characterized in that the protruding in the form of the cross-sectional area becomes smaller toward the direction away from the side of the body portion.

In addition, at least one of the side groove, the communication hole and the corner groove is characterized in that it comprises a ring-shaped connecting means to easily bind and move the breakwater unit unit.

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In addition, the body portion is separable into the first body portion and the second body portion, characterized in that it comprises a connecting means for connecting or separating the first body portion and the second body portion.

In addition, the side of the body portion of the wave-like recess and convex portion is continuously formed along the side, the recess is fitted with the convex portion of the neighboring breakwater unit unit, the convex portion is fitted with the recess of the neighboring breakwater unit unit It is characterized by being combined.

In addition, the protrusion is protruded from the body portion, the cross-sectional shape of the cross section is provided to be convex in the '+' shape, the side grooves or the communication hole is concave in the '+' shape so as to correspond to the shape of the protrusion. Characterized in that it is provided.

The unit of the breakwater according to the present invention configured as described above has the following effects.

First, the impact of the waves can be effectively absorbed and dispersed.

Secondly, the breakwater unit according to the present invention may prevent secondary damage due to waves over the breakwater by colliding with the breakwater.

Third, the breakwater unit according to the present invention may function as a fishery.

1 is a perspective view of a breakwater unit according to the present invention,
2 is a perspective view of stacking a plurality of breakwater unit units according to the present invention,
3, 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views of FIG.
6 is a perspective view of a breakwater according to the present invention,
7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the breakwater unit according to the present invention;
8 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the breakwater unit according to the present invention;
9 is a plan view of the breakwater unit according to FIG.
10 is an explanatory view showing a state of carrying the breakwater unit unit of the present invention provided with a connecting means.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail with respect to the unit of the breakwater according to an embodiment of the present invention to be easily carried out by those skilled in the art. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and may be implemented in various different forms.

In order to clearly describe the present invention, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted, and like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification.

Figure 1 shows a unit of the breakwater according to the invention, the unit unit includes a body portion 110, protrusions 130, side grooves 150, communication holes 170 and corner grooves 190.

The body portion 110 is provided in a polyhedral shape, as shown in Figure 1 may have one or more grooves 190 in each corner and vertex in the body portion 110 of the rectangular parallelepiped shape.

Each corner of the body portion 110 may be provided with a groove 190 in a spherical shape of 1/4, and each vertex may be provided with a groove 190 in a spherical shape of 1/8. Thus, the groove 190 provided at the corner is combined with the corner groove 190 of the unit unit of the neighboring breakwater to form a hemispherical hollow 195, the groove 190 provided at the vertex of the neighboring breakwater The hollow 195 having a quarter or hemispherical shape may be combined with the vertex recess 190 of the unit unit.

The body part 110 may be made of a concrete material, and may be made by injecting concrete into a mold provided with a protrusion having a shape corresponding to the groove 190 so that the groove 190 of the corner and the vertex is formed. .

Of course, the body portion 110 may form the body portion 110 by filling the concrete, mortar, gravel, sand, etc. in advance to form a state in which the interior is empty. At this time, after manufacturing the metal frame (frame) of the body portion 110 shape, and then filling the inside can be combined with the mold separated by welding or coupling means to produce a unit unit of one breakwater.

In some cases, seawater may be filled in the mold of the breakwater unit according to the present invention and then stacked to form a breakwater. At this time, it is possible to reduce the consumption of the raw material of the breakwater unit unit, it may be easy to transport and move.

Preferably, the body portion 110 may have a ratio of width, length, and height in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, and in some cases, may be provided in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. Of course, the shape of the body portion 110 or the size of each portion is not limited to the above ratio, various modifications are possible.

The surface of the body portion 110 may be provided as a curved surface. That is, when a wave hits the surface of the unit of the breakwater, the effect of dispersion by the curved surface may increase.

In addition, when the breaker unit units are stacked by the curved surface, voids may be generated between neighboring breakwater unit units, so that some waves may pass through the voids, thereby absorbing or dispersing wave energy.

A protrusion 130 may be provided on the side surface of the body 110. The protrusion 130 may be provided in a cylindrical shape having a circular cross-sectional area, and may have various cross sections, such as a triangle and a quadrangle. In addition, the protrusion 130 may be provided in a shape of decreasing cross-sectional area toward the top.

The protrusion 130 is fitted to the side groove 150 and the through hole of the unit of the breakwater stacked adjacent to each other, and is bound between the unit of the breakwater. The protrusion 130 may be integrally formed with the body 110, and may be separately formed to be separated from or coupled to the body 110 in some cases.

The other side of the body portion 110 is provided with side grooves 150 or through-holes that are fitted with the protrusions 130. The side groove 150 is provided in a shape corresponding to the protrusion 130 to be tightly coupled between the unit unit of the breakwater while being fitted with the protrusion 130.

The protrusion 130 may be fitted into a through hole provided on the other side of the body 110. Therefore, the side groove 150 and the through hole of the unit of the breakwater according to the present invention may be provided with the same size, any one or more may be provided.

Here, the side groove 150 and the through hole may have the same function, and may be called the same meaning in some cases. Therefore, the side recess 150 and the through hole may be replaced with any one.

The inner diameter of the side recess 150 and the through hole may be greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the protrusion 130 so that the protrusion 130 may be fitted.

The side recess 150 and the protrusion 130 are provided to correspond to the shape, and may be provided in a circular or various shapes, for example, a '+' shape to further increase the coupling force.

The side recesses 150 and the through-holes may be integrally formed at the same time as the body portion 110 is formed, and may be provided through a separate cutting process after the body portion 110 is formed.

Side surfaces of the body 110 are provided with a plurality of communication holes 170 of various shapes and sizes. The communication hole 170 may pass a portion of the wave that collides with the body portion 110. Therefore, the wave entering the inlet 171 of the communication hole 170 proceeds along the communication path 175 between the outlet 173 of the communication hole 170, the wave energy is reduced, the advanced wave is adjacent to It enters another communication hole 170 of the unit of breakwater (located at the rear).

The communication hole 170 may have different sizes of the inlet 171 and the outlet 173, and the communication path 175 between the inlet 171 and the outlet 173 may be provided in an oblique form or a curved form. Can be. Therefore, by increasing the area and time of the wave contact while passing through the communication path 175, it is possible to effectively absorb and disperse the wave energy.

The communication hole 170 may be referred to in the same sense as the through-hole as described above, and may also function as a side recess 150 fitted with the protrusion 130 as well as passing the wave. .

The communication hole 170 may have a different size for each breakwater unit. For example, the size of the communication hole 170 of the breakwater unit unit that primarily meets the wave may be provided largest, and the size of the communication hole 170 of the breakwater unit unit that meets the second wave may be provided small.

The size of the communication hole 170 may occupy at least 1/2 of the surface area of the side of the body portion (110). As the size of the communication hole 170 increases, waves that collide with the breakwater unit may be easily communicated through the inside of the breakwater unit.

Corner grooves and vertex grooves 190 are provided at the corners or vertices of the body 170. That is, the corner groove 190 and the vertex groove 190 are combined with the groove 190 of the neighboring breakwater unit unit to form a hollow, and the hollow becomes a movement path of the wave. Accordingly, the grooves 190 may be combined with neighboring breakwater unit units to provide hemispherical hollows 195, and the hollows may communicate with the communication holes 170 to pass waves.

The corner groove 190 and the vertex groove 190 may have a curved surface having a predetermined curvature, and in some cases, may be provided as a rectangular groove.

As described above, a plurality of breakwater unit units according to the present invention constitute a breakwater by stacking a plurality of breakwater units, and a protrusion of one breakwater unit unit is referred to as a first protrusion and a protrusion of another breakwater unit unit as a second protrusion. You may.

2 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which a plurality of breakwater unit units are stacked to explain a flow of waves passing through the breakwater unit unit when the breakwater unit units are stacked adjacent to each other according to the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the breakwater unit units may be bound to each other by a protrusion 130 or a connection unit (not shown) provided on a side surface, and in some cases, after stacking the breakwater unit units, concrete is divided into the breakwater units. It can also be cast between units.

3 to 5 show cross sections in the horizontal, vertical and height directions of the breakwater shown in FIG. 2. That is, the waves entering the inlet 171 of the communication hole 170 primarily passes along the communication path 175 of the breakwater unit unit, exits to the outlet 173 of the communication hole, neighboring breakwater unit It enters the inlet 171 of the communication hole 170 of the unit. In this process, the wave energy is partially absorbed, passed through and dispersed, and the energy is gradually weakened.

The inlet 171 and the outlet 173 of the communication hole 170 is provided at one or more on the side of the body portion 110, the communication path 175 leading from the inlet 171 to the outlet 173 is Its cross-sectional area may become smaller along the direction from the inlet 171 to the outlet 173.

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, since the communication paths 175 of the breakwater unit are all communicated with each other, even waves entering from any direction may be provided to pass in all directions.

The communication path 175 formed by the communication holes 170 may be provided in a straight line shape, and in some cases, may be provided in a curved shape to increase a contact area with seawater. As the contact area increases, the time for the wave to contact the breakwater unit increases, and the effect of dispersing energy occurs.

In order to enable the plurality of communication holes 170 to be connected to each other to enable the flow of sea water, the breakwater unit unit may be manufactured by injecting a filler such as concrete into a mold provided in a shape corresponding to the communication hole 170. Can be.

6 illustrates a breakwater completed by stacking the breakwater unit units. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the breakwater may be provided by stacking with a sandstone, and in some cases, without the sandstone, only the breakwater unit may be stacked to form a breakwater.

In addition, an upper portion of the breakwater unit unit may be covered with a separate cover structure such that the breakwater unit unit may be provided between the sandstone and the cover structure.

The cover structure is to allow the movement of a human or a vehicle over the breakwater unit unit, the concrete cover may be provided in a shape corresponding to the protrusion and groove of the breakwater unit unit to be firmly fixed to the breakwater unit unit. .

When the breakwater unit is laminated to form a breakwater, the breakwater unit unit disposed on the side of the breakwater that receives seawater primarily increases its strength, and the breakwater unit unit that receives seawater secondly has its strength. You can also weaken it.

In addition, the size of the side groove 150 to the communication hole 170 of the breakwater unit unit receiving the sea water primarily is the side groove 150 to the communication hole 170 of the breakwater unit unit receiving the sea water secondary. It can be larger than the size of.

The breakwater unit may be disposed obliquely in a direction in which the wave is pushed. That is, the waves do not collide with the sides of the breakwater unit simultaneously, but collide with the breakwater unit unit at the foremost among the breakwater unit units provided at an angle, and may collide sequentially.

In addition, the breakwater unit according to the present invention may be provided in addition to the existing breakwater. That is, the breakwater unit unit according to the present invention may be stacked on the front surface which collides with the wave primarily, and the existing breakwater may be positioned on the rear surface.

In addition, when stacking the breakwater unit, a barrier wall (not shown) may be further included between the breakwater unit units.

7 illustrates that the protrusion 230 is provided to have a cross section of a '+' shape according to another embodiment of the present invention. Of course, the shape of the side recess 250 or the communication hole 170 may also be concave in a '+' shape so as to correspond to the shape of the protrusion 230.

Of course, the side groove 250 to the communication hole 170 is provided in a circular shape, it may be provided larger than the size of the protrusion 230 to accommodate the protrusion 230.

 Since the protrusion 230 is provided in a '+' shape, the contact area is increased when the fitting is coupled, and thus the bonding force with the neighboring breakwater unit unit is excellent. Of course, the protrusion 230 may be provided in a '-' shape, and other various shapes are possible.

In addition, by forming a shape of the protrusion 230 in a '+' shape, the order or position may be clarified when the breakwater unit units are stacked.

8 is a concave portion 135 and a convex portion 133 are formed to form a bend on the side of the breakwater unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. The curved side can effectively absorb and disperse the wave energy, and may also form an appearance beauty.

In addition, when the breakwater unit units are stacked by the recess 135 and the convex part 133, a space spaced between the breakwater unit units may be provided, and waves may pass.

In addition, the recessed portion 135 and the convex portion 133 may increase the surface area of the body portion 110. Therefore, as the surface area is increased, it is possible to increase the settlement of algae or microorganisms attached to the breakwater unit, thereby creating an ecosystem of marine life.

When the plurality of breakwater unit units are stacked, the recessed part 135 and the convex part 133 may be fitted with the recessed part 135 and the convex part 133 of the neighboring breakwater unit unit, thereby through the breakwater unit unit. Can be fixed firmly.

The recess 135 and the convex portion 133 may be provided with a step in the form of a staircase. That is, the cross-sectional shape of the uneven parts 133 and 135 may be formed in a rectangle. As such, the breakwater unit according to the present invention may be provided in various shapes to effectively absorb and disperse waves.

In case of making the breakwater unit unit according to the present invention, after manufacturing the frame forming the appearance can be completed by filling the contents therein. Therefore, when making the breakwater unit unit, the manufacturing of the mold and the process of filling the interior are separated, so that the breakwater unit unit can be manufactured more quickly and precisely.

The mold may be provided with a light material such as plastic to facilitate transportation. Therefore, the mold may be fixed at a position where the breakwater unit is to be installed, and concrete may be injected into the mold.

10 shows a state of transporting for stacking the breakwater unit. It may further include a connecting means 191 to the binding hole 191 in the body portion to facilitate transporting the breakwater unit unit.

The connecting means 191 may be provided inside the groove 190 to the communication hole 170 of the body portion 110, preferably provided in a ring shape, when carrying the ring-shaped connecting means ( 191) to move the breakwater unit unit.

The breakwater unit unit according to the present invention has been described above. However, the spirit and scope of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments, and various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Those who have it will understand.

Therefore, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are provided so that those skilled in the art can fully understand the scope of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, The invention is only defined by the scope of the claims.

110: body 130, 230: protrusion
133: iron 135
150, 250: side grooves (through holes) 170: communication holes
171: communication hole inlet 173: communication hole exit
175: communication route 190: groove
195: Hemispherical hollow

Claims (7)

In the breakwater unit unit of one or more laminated to form a breakwater,
Polyhedron-shaped body portion 110 is provided with a concrete material;
At least one protrusion 130 is provided on the side of the body portion 110;
A side recess 150 corresponding to the shape of the protrusion 130 and provided on at least one other side of the body 110;
Communication holes 170 formed on one side of the body portion 110 is provided with one or more to communicate with the other side of the body portion 110; And
At least one corner groove 190 formed in the inward direction of the body portion 110 from the corner along the edge of the body portion 110,
When the breakwater unit unit 100 is stacked adjacent to each other, the corner groove 190 is combined with the corner groove 190 of the neighboring unit unit to form a hemispherical hollow 195,
The communication hole 170 has a communication hole inlet 171 provided on one side of the body portion 110 and a communication hole outlet 173 provided on the other side and the communication hole outlet 173 at the communication hole inlet 171. And a communication path 175 therebetween, wherein the cross-sectional area of the communication path 175 decreases gradually from the communication hole inlet 171 toward the communication hole outlet 173. The method of claim 1,
The side surface of the body portion 110 is provided flat, the breaker unit unit is characterized in that the protruding in the form of the cross-sectional area is reduced in the direction away from the side of the body portion 110 is provided . The method of claim 1,
At least one of the side recess 150, the communication hole 170 and the corner recess 170 is provided with a ring-shaped connecting means 191 to easily bind and move the breakwater unit unit 100. Breakwater unit unit characterized in that. delete The method of claim 1,
The body portion 110 is separable into the first body portion and the second body portion, breakwater unit unit characterized in that the first body portion and the second body portion is provided to be connected or separated. The method of claim 1,
A wavy recess 135 and an iron portion 133 are continuously formed along the side surface of the body portion, and the recess 135 is fitted with the iron portion 133 of a neighboring breakwater unit unit, and the iron portion 133 is a breakwater unit unit, characterized in that the fitting coupled with the main portion 135 of the neighboring breakwater unit. The method of claim 1,
The protrusion 230 is formed to protrude from the body portion 110, the cross-sectional shape of the cross section is provided to be convex in the '+' shape, the side groove 250 to the communication hole 170 is the protrusion 230 Breakwater unit unit characterized in that it is provided concave in a '+' shape to correspond to the shape of).

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