KR101125295B1 - Bi-directional handover method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for bidirectional handover is disclosed. An apparatus is disclosed that is configured to perform handover from a wireless code division multiple access (WCDMA) to a wireless broadband (WiBro) network. An apparatus configured to perform handover from a WCDMA network to a WiFi (IEEE 802.11x) network is disclosed. An apparatus configured to perform handover from a WiFi network to a WCDMA modem is disclosed.

Description

Bidirectional handover method and apparatus {BI-DIRECTIONAL HANDOVER METHOD AND APPARATUS}

The disclosed subject matter relates to wireless communication.

The IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard defines mechanisms and procedures to assist in the implementation and management of mobility management between access technologies. IEEE 802.21 defines three major services available for mobility management applications. Referring to FIG. 1, these services are event service 100, information service 105, and command service 110. These services provide information and triggers from the lower layer 115 to the upper layer 120 via a media independent handover function (MIHF) 125, and the lower layer command from the upper layer 120 to the lower layer 115. ) To help manage handover operations, system discovery, and system selection. Although FIG. 1 shows MIHF 125 as an intermediate layer in a protocol stack, MIHF 125 may also be implemented as a MIH plane that may directly exchange information and triggers with each of all layers of a technology specific protocol stack.

An event may indicate a change in the state and transmission behavior of the physical layer, the data link layer, and the logical link layer, or may predict a change in state of these layers. Event service 100 may also be used to indicate management operations or command status for portions of the network or management entities. The command service 110 allows the upper layer to control the physical layer, the data link layer, and the logical link layer (collectively referred to as lower layer). The upper layer may control the reconfiguration or selection of the appropriate link through the handover command set. If the MIHF supports command services, all MIH commands are mandatory in nature. When the MIHF receives a command, it is always expected to execute the command. Information service 105 provides a framework and corresponding mechanisms that enable MIHF entities to discover and obtain network information residing within a geographic area to facilitate handover.

Wireless code division multiple access (WCDMA), IEEE 802.11x (WiFi), IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.14, IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.16e (WiBro), Third Generation Partnership Project MIH standards may be applied to support handover between various radio access technologies (RATs), including Project (3GPP) technology and Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) technology. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may be handed over from one type of network to another. If the WTRU can communicate via WCDMA and WiBro technologies, it would be beneficial for the WTRU to support MIH handover from WCDMA to WiBro and MIH handover from WiBro to WCDMA. If the WTRU can communicate over WCDMA and WiFi technologies, it would be beneficial for the WTRU to support MIH handover from WCDMA to WiFi and MIH handover from WiFi to WCDMA. In this and other contexts, there is a need for a way for the WTRU to support MIH bidirectional handover. Therefore, it would be beneficial for MIH handover to be supported at the WTRU through the MIH middleware.

An apparatus for bidirectional handover is disclosed. An apparatus is disclosed that is configured to perform handover from a wireless code division multiple access (WCDMA) to a wireless broadband (WiBro) network. An apparatus configured to perform handover from a WCDMA network to a WiFi (IEEE 802.11x) network is disclosed. An apparatus configured to perform handover from a WiFi network to a WCDMA network is disclosed.

A device configured to perform handover from a wireless code division multiple access (WCDMA) to a wireless broadband (WiBro) network, a device configured to perform a handover from a WCDMA network to a WiFi (IEEE 802.11x) network, and from a WiFi network An apparatus may be provided that is configured to perform handover to a WCDMA network.

A more detailed understanding of the invention may be obtained from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 is an IEEE 802.21 protocol architecture.
2 is a block diagram of an example WTRU.
3 is a block diagram of an exemplary PC.
4 is a functional block diagram of an example registration procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro.
5 is a functional block diagram of an example registration procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro.
6 is a functional block diagram of an example detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro.
7 is a functional block diagram of an example detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro.
8 is a functional block diagram of an example detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro.
9 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary handover trigger and execution start procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro.
10 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary handover trigger and end execution procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro.
11 is a functional block diagram of an example registration procedure for handover from WiFi to WCDMA.
12 is a functional block diagram of an example detection procedure for handover from WiFi to WCDMA.
13 is a functional block diagram of an example handover and execution start procedure for handover from WiFi to WCDMA.
14 is a functional block diagram of an example handover end execution procedure for handover from WiFi to WCDMA.
15 is a functional block diagram of an example registration procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi.
16 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary alternative registration procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi.
17 is a functional block diagram of an example detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi.
18 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary alternative detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi.
19 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary alternative detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi.
20 is a functional block diagram of an example handover trigger and execution start procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi.
21 is a functional block diagram of an example handover end execution procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi.

In the following description, the term "wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU)" refers to a user equipment (UE), mobile station, fixed subscriber unit or mobile subscriber unit, pager, cellular phone, personal assistant (PDA), computer, or wireless environment. And any other type of user device that may be, but is not limited to these examples. In the following description, the term “base station” includes, but is not limited to, a Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), or any other type of interfacing device capable of operating in a wireless environment.

2 is a WTRU 200 according to an embodiment. The WTRU includes a transceiver 201, a receiver 202, and an antenna 203. Communicating with the transceiver 201 and receiver 202 is an 802.11x modem 210, an 802.16 / WiBro modem 220, and a WCDMA modem 230. Communicating with the modems 210, 220, 230 is a processor 204 that includes a MIH middleware 250. According to various embodiments, the WTRU need not include all three types of modems shown in FIG. 2. According to an embodiment, the WTRU may include a modem pair such as an 802.11x modem and a WCDMA modem. According to another embodiment, the WTRU may include a modem pair such as an 802.16 / WiBro modem and a WCDMA modem.

3 illustrates a PC 300 for wireless communication in accordance with an embodiment. The PC 300 includes a network connection manager 301 that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to a user. The network connection manager 301 communicates with the MIH middleware 350 via the MIH API 312. The MIH middleware 350 communicates with the Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP) client 302 via the MIH API 311. The MIH middleware 350 communicates with the network protocol module 310 of the PC operating system via the operating system socket API 309. Protocols that may be implemented by the network protocol module 310 include a User Datagram Protocol (UDP), a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and an Internet Protocol (IP). The MIH client 302 also communicates with the network protocol module 310 via the operating system socket API 309. The MIH middleware communicates with a number of RAT device drivers, including a WiFi driver 303 and a WiBro driver 304, via the MIH API 313. The WiFi driver 303 communicates with the WiFi stack 306, and the WiBro driver 304 communicates with the WiBro stack 307. The WiFi stack 306 may be integrated into a technology such as a Mini Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) WiFi card 308. Middleware 350 may also communicate with WCDMA stack 305 via communication technologies such as a universal serial bus (USB), a serial port, or a virtual serial port implemented over USB. When the middleware 350 communicates with the WCDMA stack 305 via serial port or virtual serial port technology, the middleware 350 does so via a dedicated communication port using AT commands that conform to the third generation partnership project (3GPP). Can communicate. In an embodiment, the WCDMA stack 305 may be integrated into a USB device 314, such as a USB dongle. Communication between the WiBro device driver 304 and the WiBro stack 307 may be accomplished through a communication technology such as USB. MIH middleware 350 may communicate with other functional units, drivers, and RATs using MIH applications, and other operating system applications such as Microsoft Windows applications. If the PC operating system is Microsoft Windows, WiFi is supported in the operating system through the use of ObjectID (OID). In an embodiment, the OID may be mapped to a MIH primitive; In this case, the MIH middleware 350 may process the OID for link detection, handover detection, and the like.

A method for supporting handover in MIH that spans WCDMA from WiBro or vice versa is to detect a WiBro when the WTRU is in a WCDMA network, so that a media independent handover (MIH) server, not by WCDMA radio access It may include a handover triggered by, and a policy for performing a bidirectional handover. Techniques and methods such as Mobile Internet Protocol (IP), break before make, etc. may be utilized.

To facilitate bidirectional handover between WiBro technology and WCDMA technology, the MIH server side may include a method for detecting WiBro when placed in WCDMA. This can be accomplished by providing the WiTro neighbor list to the WTRU when the WTRU is in WCDMA coverage. A database can be utilized in the MIH server to correlate the topologies of WiBro and WCDMA cells. Alternatively, a periodic scan command can be sent to the WTRU to search for WiBro neighbors. The MIH server may include policies to trigger handover. Additionally, aspects of middleware that support MIH messaging and associated processing may include obtaining a WiBro neighbor list, a periodic scan command for WiBro, a MIH controlled handover back to WiBro, and the like.

4 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary registration procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro in accordance with an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WIBRO modem 220. WCMDA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. The IP stack 465 communicates with a Domain Name Server (DNS) 470, a Foreign Agent (FA) server 475, and a MIH server 480 via IP. The IP stack 465 may be configured to use User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) at the transport layer.

The registration procedure is initiated on the WCDMA network. At 401, a Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context is activated and an IP connection is set up. At 402, middleware interaction begins. At 403, MIH middleware 250 operates to initiate MIH discovery. At 404, WCDMA modem 230 performs MIH server discovery with DNS 470. At 405, the MIH middleware 250 operates to obtain a Home Agent (HA) IP address. The home agent address query message 406 is forwarded to the WCDMA modem 230. At 407, the WCDMA modem 230 sends a query for the mobile IP HA address to the FA server 475 via the IP stack 465. At 408, MIH middleware 250 operates to initiate a MIH session. The MIH session may include a capability function, a discovery function, a registration function, an event subscription function, and a link configuration function. At 409, the WCDMA modem 230 forwards the MIH Session Start message to the MIH server 480 via the IP stack 465.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 4, state 1 410 is achieved.

5 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary registration procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro according to another embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WIBRO modem 220. WCMDA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. IP stack 465 communicates with MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. As shown in FIG. 5, the registration procedure is performed after handover to WCDMA.

At reference numeral 501, a successful handover to WCDMA is completed, and an IP connection is established. At 502, middleware interaction begins. At 503, the MIH middleware 250 operates to register with the MIH server 480. At 504, the WCDMA modem 230 re-registers with the MIH server 408 via the IP stack 465. At 505, the MIH middleware 250 continues the MIH session. The MIH session includes event subscription and link configuration functions. At 506, the WCDMA modem 230 communicates the duration of the MIH session to the MIH server 480 via the IP stack 465.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 5, state 1 410 is achieved.

6 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro in accordance with an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WIBRO modem 220. WCMDA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. IP stack 465 communicates with MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. The procedure of FIG. 6 may begin when state 1 410 is achieved.

As shown at 601, a WCDMA session is in progress. As shown at 602, in the procedure of FIG. 6, WiBro cell availability may be detected through proprietary system information (SI). At 603, the WCDMA modem 230 predicts the availability of WiBro coverage and reports this prediction in a WiBro Available (Indicated Link Detected) message 604. At 605, the MIH middleware 250 operates to notify the MIH server 480 about the availability of the WiBro cell. At 606, the availability of the WiBro cell is communicated by the WCDMA modem 230 via the IP stack 465. At 605, if the WTRU returns to a WCDMA cell without WiBro coverage, a ROLLBACK_INDICATION message can be sent to the MIH server 480.

At 607, MIH server 480 sends a list of WiBro cells and reporting thresholds via IP stack 465 of WCDMA modem 230. At 608, the MIH middleware 250 operates to operate the WiBro stack and request a scan report for potential handover. Execution of reference numeral 608 includes sending a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 609 to the WiBro modem 220. At 610, the WiBro modem 220 turns on in receiver (Rx) mode and starts scanning. The WiBro modem 220 then sends a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 611 to the MIH middleware 250.

At 612, the WCDMA modem 230 sends a WCDMA measurement report 613 to the MIH middleware 250. At 614, the WiBro modem 220 periodically provides the WiBro measurement report 615 to the MIH middleware 250 after the WiBro scan results indicate that internal thresholds have been crossed.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 6, state 2 690 is achieved.

7 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro according to another embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WIBRO modem 220. WCMDA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. IP stack 465 communicates with MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. As shown at 701, a WCDMA session is in progress. As shown at 702, in the procedure of FIG. 7, periodic registration with the MIH server allows the MIH server to know the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cell ID. The procedure of FIG. 7 can begin when state 1 410 is achieved.

At 703, the MIH server 480 sends a scan request that includes a request for a list of WiBro cells and a reporting threshold. This may be in the form of a MIH_SCAN_REQUEST message 704. At 705, the MIH middleware 250 operates to operate the WiBro stack of potential handovers and request scan reports. MIH middleware 250 may perform 705 by sending a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 706 to WiBro modem 220. At 707, WiBro modem 220 turns on in receiver (Rx) mode and starts scanning. The WiBro modem then sends a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 708 to the MIH middleware 250.

At 711, the WiBro modem 220 periodically reports the requested WiBro scan results after the internal thresholds have been crossed. This WiBro modem report may be in the form of a WiBro measurement report 712 for the MIH middleware 250. At 709, the WCDMA modem 230 sends the WCDMA measurement report in the WCDMA measurement report message 710 to the MIH middleware 250.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 7, state 2 690 is achieved.

8 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro according to another embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WIBRO modem 220. The procedure of FIG. 8 may begin when state 1 410 is achieved.

As shown at 801, a WCDMA session is in progress. At 802, the MIH middleware 250 operates the WiBro modem 220 to request a scan report for subsequent scanning. This may be in the form of a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 803 delivered to the WiBro modem 220. At 804, WiBro modem 220 turns on in receiver (Rx) mode and starts continuous scanning. WiBro modem 220 may send a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 805 to MIH middleware 250.

At 809, the WCDMA modem 230 sends the WCDMA measurement report in the WCDMA measurement report message 806 to the MIH middleware 250. At reference numeral 807, the WiBro modem 220 periodically reports the requested WiBro scan results after the internal thresholds are crossed. This WiBro modem report may be in the form of a WiBro measurement report 808 sent to MIH middleware 250.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 8, state 2 690 is achieved.

9 is a functional block diagram of a handover trigger and execution start procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro according to an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WIBRO modem 220. WCDMA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. IP stack 465 communicates with MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. The procedure of FIG. 9 may begin when state 2 690 is achieved.

At 901, the MIH middleware 250 operates to send a measurement report 902 to the MIH server 480. The measurement report 902 is sent to the MIH server 480 when the thresholds set by the MIH server 480 are crossed via the MIH_LINK_CONFIGURE_THRESHOLDS command. The measurement report 902 is sent from the MIH middleware 250 to the WCDMA modem 230 and then sent by the WCDMA modem 230 to the MIH server 480 via the IP stack 465.

At 903, the WCDMA modem 230 receives a handover command from the MIH server 480. The handover command is then passed to the MIH middleware 250. At 904, WCDMA Quality of Service (QoS) is mapped to WiBro QoS. At 905, the MIH middleware 250 operates to power down the WCDMA modem 230. The MIH middleware sends a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 906 to the WCDMA modem 230, and at 907 the WCDMA modem 230 enters a low power receive only mode. The WCDMA modem 230 may send a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 908 to the MIH middleware 250.

At 910, the MIH middleware 250 performs switching to WiBro. The LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 911 is sent by the MIH middleware 250 to the WiBro modem 220. At 912, the WiBro modem 220 powers on the transmitter (Tx) side. WiBro modem 220 sends LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 913 to MIH middleware 250. The MIH middleware 250 then sends a C-NEM-REQ (REG) message 915 to the WiBro modem 220. At 914, the WiBro modem 220 registers with the WiBro network. The WiBro modem 220 responds to the C-NEM-REQ (REG) message 915 by sending an acknowledgment (OK) message 916 to the MIH middleware 250. MIH middleware 250 sends a C-SFM-REQ (CREATE) message 917 to WiBro modem 220. WiBro modem 220 creates a new QoS service flow. The WiBro modem 220 responds to the C-SFM-REQ (CREATE) message 917 by sending an acknowledgment (OK) message 918 to the MIH middleware 250.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 9, state 3 990 is achieved.

10 is a functional block diagram of a handover trigger and execution termination procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiBro according to an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WIBRO modem 220. WIBRO modem 220 communicates with IP stack 1050. The IP stack 465 communicates with the MIH server 480 and the FA server 1055 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. The procedure of FIG. 10 may begin when state 3 990 is achieved.

At 1001, the MIH middleware 250 operates to update the mobile IP binding. Mobile IP registration information 1002 is communicated between MIH middleware 250 and WiBro modem 220. At reference numeral 1003, a discovery relating to FA server 1055 is performed, and a mobile IP binding update is performed. Operation 1003 is performed via IP stack 1050. At reference numeral 1004, the MIH middleware 250 operates to send a MIH switching response. At 1006, the WiBro modem 220 sends a MIH switching response through the IP stack 1050 to the MIH server 480. At 1007, a WiBro data session is in progress. At 1008, MIH middleware 250 operates to tear down the WCDMA link. MIH middleware 250 sends a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 1009 to WCDMA modem 230. At 1010, the WCDMA modem 230 turns off WCDMA and sends a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 1011.

At reference numeral 1012, the middleware interaction ends and the procedure of FIG. 10 is complete.

11 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary registration procedure for handover from WiFi to WCDMA in accordance with an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WiFi modem 210, and a WCDMA modem 230. WiFi modem 210 communicates with IP stack 1165. IP stack 1165 communicates with DNS 1170, FA server 1175, and MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 1165 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer.

At reference numeral 1101, the MIH middleware is operated. At reference numeral 1102, MIH middleware 250 operates to initiate MIH discovery. At reference numeral 1103, the WiFi modem 210 sends a MIH server discovery command to the DNS 1170 via the IP stack 1165. At reference numeral 1004, the MIH middleware 250 operates to obtain an HA address. MIH middleware 250 sends home agent address query message 1105 to WiFi modem 210. At reference numeral 1106, the WiFi modem 210 sends a command to the FA server 1175 via the IP stack 1165 to query the mobile IP HA address. At reference numeral 1107, the MIH middleware 250 operates to initiate a MIH handover session. At reference numeral 1109, WiFi modem 210 delivers a MIH session initiation message to IP server 1480 via IP stack 1165.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 11, state 1 1190 is achieved.

12 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary detection procedure for handover from WiFi to WCDMA in accordance with an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WiFi modem 210, and a WCDMA modem 230. The procedure of FIG. 12 may begin when state 1 1190 is achieved.

As shown at 1201, a WiFi session is in progress. At reference numeral 1202, the MIH middleware 250 operates to request periodic reporting of the ObjectID (OID) associated with the message strength. MIH middleware 250 sends a WiFi measurement request message 1203 to WiFi modem 210. At reference numeral 1204, WiFi modem 210 periodically sends a signal strength report. At reference numeral 1205, WiFi modem 210 delivers signal strength information to MIH middleware 250 via WiFi measurement report message 1206. At 1207, MIH middleware 250 uses this signal strength data to predict the end of WiFi coverage. At reference numeral 1208, in response to the prediction of the end of WiFi coverage, MIH middleware 250 operates to operate WCDMA modem 230 for potential handover. MIH middleware 250 sends a start message (AT + CFUN) 1209 to WCDMA modem 230. At 1210, the WCDMA modem 230 operates in idle mode. After operating in idle mode, WCDMA modem 230 sends an OK message 1211. At 1212, the WiFi modem 210 continues to provide signal strength information to the MIH middleware 250. This is done by sending a WiFi measurement report message 1213. At 1214, MIH middleware 250 continues to periodically request signal quality information. This is done by sending a Signal Quality Request (AT + CSQ) message 1215. At 1216, the WCDMA modem 230 periodically reports the requested WCDMA signal strength information. This is done by sending a signal strength response (AT + CSQ-<rssi>, <ber>) message 1217.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 12, state 2 1290 is achieved.

13 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary handover and execution start procedure for handover from WiFi to WCDMA according to an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WiFi modem 210, and a WCDMA modem 230. WiFi modem 210 communicates with IP stack 1165. IP stack 1165 communicates with MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 1165 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. The procedure of FIG. 13 may begin when state 2 1290 is achieved.

At reference numeral 1301, MIH middleware 250 operates to send a measurement report to MIH server 480 when threshold sets by the MIH server are crossed. Thresholds may be passed from the MIH server to the MIH middleware via the MIH_LINK_CONFIGURE_THRESHOLDS command. At reference numeral 1302, WiFi modem 210 transmits signal strength report to MIH server 480 via IP stack 1165. In response to this report, MIH server 480 may initiate a handover. At reference numeral 1303, the WiFi modem receives a handover command from the MIH server 1303. The WiFi modem 210 then sends this command to the MIH middleware 250.

At reference numeral 1304, WiFi Quality of Service (QoS) is mapped to WCDMA QoS by MIH middleware 250. This is done by creating a new PDP context in WCDMA modem 230 and by specifying a WCDMA QoS profile. To create a new PDP context, a new PDP context creation (AT + CGDCONT) message 1305 is delivered by the MIH middleware 250 to the WCDMA modem 230. At reference numeral 1306, WCDMA modem 230 creates a new PDP context. The WCDMA modem 230 then sends an OK message 1307 to the MIH middleware 250. MIH middleware 250 sends a profile detail (AT + CGEQREQ) message 1308 to WCDMA modem 230. At 1309, the WCDMA modem 230 stores a QoS profile for the PDP context. The WCDMA modem 230 then sends an OK message 1301 to the MIH middleware 250.

At reference numeral 1311, the MIH middleware 250 operates to switch to WCDMA. The MIH middleware 250 sends a Packet-Switched (PS) Subscription (AT + CGATT) message to the WCDMA modem 230. At reference numeral 1313, the WCDMA modem 230 proceeds to the connected mode (CELL_DCH state). The WCDMA modem 230 sends an OK message 1314 to the MIH middleware 250. MIH middleware 250 sends a network registration status (AT + CGATT) message 1315 to WCDMA modem 230. At 1316, the WCDMA modem 230 reports a network registration status change by sending a registration status code message 1317. MIH middleware 250 sends a PDP context activation (AT + CGACT) message 1318 to WCDMA modem 230. At 1319, the WCDMA modem 230 activates a number of PDP contexts and establishes a radio access bearer (RAB). The WCDMA modem 230 sends an OK message 1320 to the MIH middleware 250. MIH middleware 250 then sends a current setting request (AT + CGEQREQ) message 1321 to WCDMA modem 230. At reference numeral 1322, WCDMA modem 230 carries the current settings for each of the defined contexts. This is done by sending a current setting message 1323 to the MIH middleware 250.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 13, state 3 1390 is achieved.

14 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary handover end execution procedure for handover from WiFi to WCDMA according to an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WiFi modem 210, and a WCDMA modem 230. WCDMA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. The IP stack 465 communicates with the MIH server 480 and the FA server 475 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. The procedure of FIG. 14 may begin when state 3 1390 is achieved.

At reference numeral 1401, MIH middleware 250 enters a data state. MIH middleware 250 sends an AT + CGDATA message 1402 to WCDMA modem 230. At 1403, the WCDMA modem sets up a packet switched (PS) session. The connection message 1404 is then forwarded to the MIH middleware 250. At reference numeral 1405, the MIH middleware operates to initiate a mobile IP binding update. The MIH middleware sends a mobile IP registration initiation message 1406 to the WCDMA modem 230. At reference numeral 1407, a discovery relating to FA server 475 is performed, and a mobile IP binding update is performed. Operation 1407 is performed via the IP stack 465. At reference numeral 1408, MIH middleware 250 sends a MIH switching response to WCDMA modem 230. At 1409, the WCDMA modem 230 sends a MIH switching response to the MIH server 480 via the IP stack 465. At 1410, the MIH middleware 250 sends a link switching command to tear down the WiFi link. This is done by sending a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 1411 to the WiFi modem 210. At 1412, the WiFi modem 210 turns off WiFi. The WiFi modem 210 then sends a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 1413 to the MIH middleware 250. At reference numeral 1415, the middleware interaction ends and the procedure of FIG. 14 is complete.

15 is a functional block diagram of a registration procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi according to an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WiFi modem 210, and a WCDMA modem 230. WCDMA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. IP stack 465 communicates with DNS 470, FA server 475, and MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer.

As shown at 1501, the PDP context is activated and an IP connection is set up. At 1502, MIH middleware interaction begins. At reference numeral 1504, MIH middleware 250 operates to begin MIH discovery. At 1503, WCDMA modem 230 operates to perform MIH server discovery by sending a request to DNS 470 via IP stack 465. At reference numeral 1507, the MIH middleware 250 operates to obtain a home agent IP address. This is done by sending a home agent address query message 1506 to the WCDMA modem 230. At 1505, the WCDMA modem 230 queries the FA server 475 via the IP stack 465 for the mobile IP HA address for the WTRU. At reference numeral 1509, the MIH middleware 250 operates to initiate a MIH session. The MIH session may include a capability function, a discovery function, a registration function, an event subscription function, and a link configuration function. At 1508, the WCDMA modem 230 forwards the MIH Session Start message to the MIH server 480 via the IP stack 465.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 15, state 1 1590 is achieved.

16 is a functional block diagram of an alternative registration procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi according to an alternative embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WiFi modem 210. WCMDA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. IP stack 465 communicates with MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer.

As shown at 1601, the WTRU has successfully completed a handover to WCDMA and an IP connection is established. MIH middleware 250 is already in operation. At reference numeral 1602, middleware interaction begins. At reference numeral 1603, the MIH middleware 250 operates to register with the MIH server 480. At 1604, the WCDMA modem 230 re-registers with the MIH server 408 via the IP stack 465. At reference numeral 1605, the MIH middleware 250 continues the MIH session. The MIH session may include event subscription and link configuration functions. At 1606, the WCDMA modem 230 continues the MIH session by delivering to the MIH server 480 via the IP stack 465.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 16, state 1 1590 is achieved.

17 is a functional block diagram of a detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi according to an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WiFi modem 210. WCMDA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. IP stack 465 communicates with MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. The procedure of FIG. 17 may begin when state 1 1590 is achieved.

As shown at 1701, a WCDMA session is in progress. At reference numeral 1702, the availability of WiFi cells is detected via proprietary system information (SI). At 1703, the WCDMA modem 230 predicts the availability of WiFi coverage and reports this prediction to the MIH middleware 250. This is done by sending a WiFi enabled (LINK_DETECTED_INDICATION) message 1704 to the MIH middleware 250. At reference numeral 1705, the MIH middleware 250 operates to notify the MIH server 480 about the availability of WiFi cells. At reference numeral 1706, the WCDMA modem 230 informs the MIH server 480 about the availability of WiFi cells by delivering to the MIH server 480 via the IP stack 465. Execution of reference numeral 1706 includes delivering a LINK_DETECTED_INDICATION message to the MIH server 480. At reference numeral 1707, the MIH server 480 delivers a list of WiFi cells and reporting thresholds to the WCDMA modem 230 via the IP stack 465. The WCDMA modem 230 then passes this information to the MIH middleware 250. At 1708, the MIH middleware 250 operates to operate the WiFi stack and request a scan report for potential handover. This is done by sending a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 1709 to the WiFi modem 210. At reference numeral 1710, the WiFi modem is turned on in receive mode and begins scanning. The WiFi modem 210 then sends a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 1711 to the MIH middleware 250. At reference numeral 1712, the WiFi modem periodically generates a scan result and forwards the WiFi measurement report 1713 to the MIH middleware 250. At 1714, the WCDMA modem sends a WCDMA measurement report 1715 to MIH middleware 250.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 17, state 2 1790 is achieved.

18 is a functional block diagram of an alternative detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi according to an alternative embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WiFi modem 210. WCMDA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. IP stack 465 communicates with MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. The procedure of FIG. 18 may begin when state 1 1590 is achieved.

As shown at 1801, a WCDMA session is in progress. As shown at 1802, periodic registration with the MIH server is performed, thereby allowing the MIH server to know the UMTS cell ID. At 1803, the MIH server 480 forwards the scan request to the WCDMA modem 230, which includes a list of WiFi cells and reporting thresholds. The WCDMA modem 230 sends a MIH_SCAN_REQUEST message to the MIH middleware 250. At 1805, MIH middleware 250 operates to operate the WiFi stack and request scan results for potential handover. Execution of reference numeral 1805 includes forwarding a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 1806 to the WiFi modem 210. At reference numeral 1807, the WiFi modem 210 is turned on in the receive mode to begin scanning. WiFi modem 210 sends a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 1808 to MIH middleware 250. In reference numeral 1810, the WiFi modem 210 periodically generates the requested scan result and transmits the WiFi measurement report 1809 to the MIH middleware 250. At 1811, the WCDMA modem 230 sends a WCDMA measurement report 1812 to the MIH middleware 250.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 18, state 2 1790 is achieved.

19 is a functional block diagram of an alternative detection procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi according to an alternative embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WiFi modem 210. The procedure of FIG. 19 may begin when state 1 1590 is achieved.

As shown at 1901, a WCDMA session is in progress. At reference numeral 1902, the MIH middleware operates the WiFi stack for continuous scanning and requests for scan reports. Execution of reference numeral 1902 includes sending a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 1903 to the WiFi modem 210. At reference numeral 1904, WiFi modem 210 is turned on in receive mode to begin continuous scanning. WiFi modem 210 sends a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 1905 to MIH middleware 250. At reference numeral 1906, WiFi modem 210 periodically generates the requested scan results and forwards WiFi measurement report 1907 to MIH middleware 250. At 1908, the WCDMA modem sends a WCDMA measurement report 1909 to the MIH middleware 250.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 19, state 2 1790 is achieved.

20 is a functional block diagram of a handover trigger and execution start procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi according to an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WiFi modem 210. WCMDA modem 230 communicates with IP stack 465. IP stack 465 communicates with MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 465 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. The procedure of FIG. 20 may begin when state 2 1790 is achieved.

MIH server 480 sends a MIH_LINK_CONFIGURE_THRESHOLDS command to the WTRU. At reference numeral 2003, when the thresholds set by this command are crossed, the MIH middleware 250 acts to deliver a measurement report to the MIH server 480. This report is communicated to the MIH server 480 via the WCDMA modem 230 via the IP stack 465. At 2008, the WCDMA modem 230 receives a handover command from the MIH server 480 via the IP stack 465. The WCDMA modem 230 then forwards the handover command to the MIH middleware 250.

At reference number 2009, MIH middleware 250 maps WCMDA QoS to WiFi QoS. At 2010, the MIH middleware 250 operates to power off the WCDMA modem 230. The performance of 2010 includes sending a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 2011 to the WCDMA modem 230. At 2012, the WCDMA modem 230 enters a low power / receive only mode. The WCDMA modem 230 may then send a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 2013 to the MIH middleware 250.

At 2014, the MIH middleware 250 switches to WiFi. The MIH middleware sends a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 2015 to the WiFi modem 210. At reference numeral 2016, the WiFi modem 210 powers on its sender and registers with the WiFi network. The WiFi modem 210 then sends a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 2017 to the MIH middleware 250. MIH middleware 250 then sends a QoS message 2018 to WiFi modem 210 detailing the QoS. At 2019, the WiFi modem 210 generates a QoS flow. The WiFi modem then sends an OK message 2020 to the MIH middleware 250.

As a result of the procedure shown in FIG. 20, state 3 2090 is achieved.

21 is a functional block diagram of a handover execution termination procedure for handover from WCDMA to WiFi according to an embodiment. The WTRU 200 includes a MIH middleware 250, a WCMDA modem 230, and a WiFi modem 210. WiFi modem 210 communicates with IP stack 1165. WiFi modem 210 communicates with IP stack 1165. IP stack 1165 communicates with FA server 1175 and MIH server 480 via IP. IP stack 1165 may be configured to use UDP or TCP at the transport layer. The procedure of FIG. 21 can begin when state 3 2090 is achieved.

At reference numeral 2101, the MIH middleware 250 operates to initiate a mobile IP binding update. Mobile IP registration information 2102 is passed between MIH middleware 250 and WiFi modem 210. At reference numeral 2103, the WiFi modem 210 performs a discovery related to the FA server 1055 and a mobile IP binding update is performed. Operation 2103 is performed via the IP stack 1165.

At 2104, the MIH middleware 250 sends a MIH switching response to the WiFi modem 210. At reference numeral 2105, the WiFi modem 210 sends a MIH switching response to the MIH server 480 via the IP stack 1165. As shown at 2106, a WiFi data session is in progress.

At 2107, MIH middleware 250 operates to tear down the WCDMA link. This is done by sending a LINK_ACTION_REQUEST message 2108 to the WCDMA modem 230. At 2109, WCDMA modem 230 turns off WCDMA. The WCDMA modem 230 then sends a LINK_ACTION_CONFIRM message 2110 to the MIH middleware 250. At reference numeral 2115, the middleware interaction ends and the procedure of FIG. 21 is complete.

Although features and components of the present invention have been described above in the preferred embodiments in specific combinations, each feature or component may be used alone or without other features and components, or other features and components. It may be used in the form of various combinations with or without a part. The methods or flowcharts provided herein can be implemented with computer programs, software, or firmware that are tangibly embedded in a computer readable storage medium for execution by a general purpose computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable storage media include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magnetic optical media, CD-ROMs. Optical media such as discs, and DVDs.

Suitable processors include, for example, general purpose processors, special purpose processors, conventional processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with DSP cores, controllers, microcontrollers, application specific integrated circuits ( ASICs), field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuits, any type of integrated circuits (ICs), and / or state machines.

The processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), terminal, base station, radio network controller (RNC), or any host computer. WTRUs include cameras, video camera modules, video phones, speaker phones, vibrators, speakers, microphones, television transceivers, handfree headsets, keyboards, Bluetooth® modules, frequency modulated (FM) wireless units, liquid crystal display (LCD) display units, organic To be used with modules implemented in hardware and / or software, such as light emitting diode (OLED) display units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, Internet browsers, and / or any wireless local area network (WLAN) modules. Can be.

Examples

Embodiment 1 A processor configured to operate a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) modem, a second modem of a second technology type, and a media independent handover (MIH) middleware. WTRU.

Embodiment 2 The system of Embodiment 1, wherein the MIH middleware receives MIH link configuration threshold messages from a MIH server via the WCDMA modem, sets thresholds based on the MIH link configuration threshold messages, Determine when thresholds are crossed, and in response to determining that the thresholds have been crossed, forwarding a measurement report to the MIH server via the WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 3 The system of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, wherein the WCDMA modem, in response to the measurement report, receives a handover command from a MIH server over a WCDMA connection and forwards the handover command to the MIH middleware. WTRU, configured to.

Embodiment 4 The system of any of Embodiments 1-3, wherein the MIH middleware also maps WCDMA Quality of Service (QoS) to QoS of the second technology type in response to the handover command. And in response to completion of the mapping of the WCDMA QoS to QoS of the second technology type, a power down command to the WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 5 The system of any of Embodiments 1-4, wherein the WCDMA modem is further configured to, in response to a power down command, power down in a receive only mode and issue a power down acknowledgment to the MIH middleware. WTRU, configured to forward.

Embodiment 6 The system of any of Embodiments 1-5, wherein the MIH middleware and the second modem are configured to perform switching to the second modem in response to the power down acknowledgment. And the second modem is configured to power on the transmitting side of the second modem, register with the network of the second technology type, generate a QoS flow, and communicate a switching confirmation to the MIH middleware. WTRU.

Embodiment 7 The system of any of Embodiments 1-6, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to forward a Mobile IP Registration Initiation message to the second modem in response to the switching acknowledgment. , WTRU.

Embodiment 8 The mobile terminal of any one of embodiments 1 through 7, wherein the second modem is further configured to respond to the mobile IP registration initiation message with a mobile IP to a foreign agent (FA) server. Performing a binding update.

Embodiment 9 The system of any of Embodiments 1-8, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to forward a MIH switching response message to the second modem in response to the completion of the mobile IP binding update. WTRU.

Embodiment 10 The system of any of Embodiments 1-9, wherein the second modem is further configured to forward the MIH switching response message to the MIH server in response to the MIH switching response message. WTRU.

Embodiment 11 The system of any of Embodiments 1-10, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to send a teardown message to the WCDMA modem in response to completion of the delivery of the MIH switching response message to the MIH server. WTRU, configured to forward to.

Embodiment 12 The system of any of Embodiments 1-11, wherein the WCDMA modem is further configured to, in response to the teardown message, disconnect the WCDMA connection and forward a WCDMA teardown acknowledgment to the MIH middleware. WTRU, which is configured.

Embodiment 13. The MIH middleware of any of embodiments 1-12, wherein in response to the initiation of initialization, the MIH middleware sends a MIH discovery message via a WCDMA modem to a Domain Name System (DNS). WTRU) configured to forward to the server.

Embodiment 14 The system of any of Embodiments 1-13, wherein the MIH middleware also sends a home agent IP address query via the WCDMA modem in response to completion of the delivery of the MIH discovery message. And forward an MIH session initiation message to the MIH server via the WCDMA modem in response to completion of delivery of the home agent IP address query.

Embodiment 15 The system of any of Embodiments 1-14, wherein the MIH middleware forwards a MIH server registration message through the WCDMA modem in response to a successful handover to a WCDMA network. And in response to completion of delivery of the MIH server registration message, forward a MIH session persistence message to the MIH server via the WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 16 The system of any of Embodiments 1-15, wherein the WCDMA modem detects the availability of cells of the second technology type via proprietary system information (SI) during an ongoing session. And forward a first cell availability message to the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 17 The system of any of Embodiments 1-16, wherein the MIH middleware is configured to forward a second cell availability message to the WCDMA modem in response to the first cell availability message. WTRU.

Embodiment 18 The system of any of Embodiments 1-17, wherein the WCDMA modem further forwards the second cell availability message to the MIH server in response to the second cell availability message. And in response to the second cell availability message, receive a cell list and threshold report message from the MIH server and forward the cell list and threshold report message to the MIH middleware. , WTRU.

Embodiment 19 The system of any of Embodiments 1-18, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to send a power on and scanning start message in response to the cell list and threshold report message. WTRU, configured to forward to a second modem.

Embodiment 20 The device of any of Embodiments 1-19, wherein the second modem is further turned on in receiver mode in response to the power on and scanning start message and performs scanning. Start, forward power on and scanning start confirmation to the MIH middleware, and periodically send a measurement report to the MIH middleware when internal thresholds are crossed.

Embodiment 21 The system of any of Embodiments 1-20, wherein the WCDMA modem is further configured to report a WCDMA measurement report in response to completion of delivery of the cell list and threshold report message to the MIH middleware. And to forward the MIH to the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 22 The system of any of Embodiments 1-21, wherein the WCDMA modem receives a MIH scan request message from the MIH server during an ongoing WCDMA session and sends the MIH scan request message to the MIH middleware. And the scan request message includes a list of cells of the second technology and a threshold for reporting.

Embodiment 23 The system of any of Embodiments 1-22, wherein the MIH middleware is configured to deliver a power on and scanning start message to the second modem in response to the MIH scan request message. WTRU.

Embodiment 24 The device of any one of embodiments 1-23, wherein the second modem turns on in receiver mode and starts scanning in response to the power on and scanning start message. And forward a power on and scanning start confirmation to the MIH middleware, and periodically deliver a measurement report to the MIH middleware when internal thresholds are crossed.

Embodiment 25 The system of any of Embodiments 1-24, wherein the WCDMA modem is further configured to report a WCDMA measurement report to the MIH in response to completion of the delivery of the MIH scan request message to the MIH middleware. WTRU, configured to forward to middleware.

Embodiment 26 The WTRU of any one of embodiments 1-25, wherein the MIH middleware is configured to forward successive scan and report request messages to the second modem during an ongoing WCDMA session. .

Embodiment 27 The system of any of Embodiments 1-26, wherein the second modem is turned on in receiver mode in response to the continuous scan and report request message and is continuous. Initiate scanning, forwarding successive scan and report request confirmations to the MIH middleware, and periodically delivering measurement reports to the MIH middleware when internal thresholds are crossed.

Embodiment 28 The WTRU of any one of embodiments 1-27, wherein the WCDMA modem is configured to forward a WCDMA measurement report to the MIH middleware in response to the ongoing WCDMA session.

Embodiment 29 The WTRU of any one of embodiments 1-28, wherein the second technology is a Wireless Broadband (WiBro) technology and the second modem is a WiBro modem.

Embodiment 30 The WTRU according to embodiment 29, wherein the WTRU further includes an IEEE 802.11x (WiFi) modem.

Embodiment 31 The WTRU according to any one of embodiments 1 to 28, wherein the second technology is an IEEE 802.11x (WiFi) technology and the second modem is a WiFi modem.

Embodiment 32 The WTRU of any one of embodiments 1-28 and 30, wherein the WTRU further comprises a wireless broadband (WiBro) modem.

Embodiment 33 A WTRU comprising a processor configured to operate a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) modem, an IEEE 802.11x (WiFi) modem, and a media independent handover (MIH) middleware.

Embodiment 34 The system of embodiment 33, wherein the MIH middleware receives MIH link configuration threshold messages from a MIH server via the WiFi modem, sets thresholds based on the MIH link configuration threshold messages, Determine when thresholds are crossed, and in response to determining that the thresholds were crossed, forwarding a measurement report to the MIH server via the WiFi modem.

Embodiment 35 The system of embodiment 33 or 34, wherein, in response to the measurement report, the WiFi modem receives a handover command from a MIH server through a WiFi connection and forwards the handover command to the MIH middleware. WTRU, configured to.

Embodiment 36. The system of any of embodiments 33-35, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to generate a new Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context (AT +) in response to the handover command. A CDGCONT) message to the WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 37. The system of any of embodiments 33-36, wherein the WCDMA modem generates a new PDP context in response to the Create New PDP Context (AT + CDGCONT) message, and generates a new PDP context. And forward a generation (AT + CDGCONT) confirmation to the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 38. The system of any of embodiments 33-37, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to respond to the new PDP context creation (AT + CDGCONT) acknowledgment: WCDMA Quality of Service (QoS) Profile (AT). + CGEQREQ) message to the WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 39 The system of any one of embodiments 33-38, wherein the WCDMA modem is further configured to respond to the WCDMA Quality of Service (QoS) Profile (AT + CGEQREQ) message for the new PDP context. Store a QoS profile and forward a WCDMA QoS profile (AT + CGEQREQ) confirmation to the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 40 The method of any one of embodiments 33-39, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to be packet-switched (PS) in response to the WCDMA QoS profile (AT + CGEQREQ) confirmation. And transmit a Subscribe (AT + CGATT) message to the WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 41 The system of any one of embodiments 33-40, wherein the WCDMA modem also enters a connected mode in response to the PS subscription (AT + CGATT) message and performs a PS subscription (AT +). CGATT) confirmation to the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 42 The system of any one of embodiments 33-41, wherein the MIH middleware also sends a network registration status (AT + CGATT) message in response to confirming the PS subscription (AT + CGATT). WTRU, configured to forward to a WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 43 The system of any one of embodiments 33-42, wherein the WCDMA modem further reports a network registration state change in response to the network registration state (AT + CGATT) message and registers. And transmit a code message to the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 44 The system of any one of embodiments 33-43, wherein the MIH middleware also forwards a PDP context activation (AT + GCACT) message to the WCDMA modem in response to the registration status code message. WTRU, configured to.

Embodiment 45 The system of any of embodiments 33-44, wherein the WCDMA modem is further configured to activate a plurality of PDP contexts in response to the PDP context activation (AT + GCACT) message, and to access wirelessly. Establish a radio access bearer (RAB) and communicate a PDP context activation (AT + GCACT) confirmation to the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 46. The system of any one of embodiments 33-45, wherein the MIH middleware also responds to the PDP context activation (AT + GCACT) acknowledgment with a current setting request (AT + CGEQREQ) message. And to forward the WCDMA modem to the WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 47 The system of any one of embodiments 33-46, wherein the WCDMA modem also sends a current setting message to the MIH middleware in response to the current setting request (AT + CGEQREQ) message. And the current setting message indicates a setting for the activated plurality of PDP contexts.

Embodiment 48 The system of any of embodiments 33-47, wherein the MIH middleware also enters a data state in response to the current setting message, and a PS session setup (AT + CGDATA) message. And to forward the WCDMA modem to the WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 49 The system of any one of embodiments 33-48, wherein the WCDMA modem also sets up a PS session in response to the PS session setup (AT + CGDATA) message, and then connect message. And to forward the MIH to the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 50 The system of any of embodiments 33-49, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to forward a Mobile IP Registration Initiation message to the WCDMA modem in response to the connection message. WTRU.

Embodiment 51 The mobile station of any of embodiments 33-50, wherein the WCDMA modem further performs a mobile IP binding update to an external agent (FA) server in response to the mobile IP registration initiation message. WTRU, configured to.

Embodiment 52 The system of any of embodiments 33-51, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to forward a MIH switching response message to the WCDMA modem in response to the completion of the mobile IP binding update. WTRU.

Embodiment 53 The system of any one of embodiments 33-52, wherein the WCDMA modem further forwards the MIH switching response message to the MIH server in response to the MIH switching response message. In response to completing the delivery of the MIH switching response message to the server, forwarding a teardown message to the WiFi modem.

Embodiment 54 The system of any one of embodiments 33-53, wherein the WiFi modem is further configured to, in response to the teardown message, terminate the WiFi connection and forward a WiFi teardown confirmation to the MIH middleware. WTRU, which is configured.

Embodiment 55 The system of any of embodiments 33-54, wherein the MIH middleware also sends a MIH discovery message to a Domain Name System (DNS) server via the WiFi modem in response to initiation of initialization. Forwarding, in response to completion of the delivery of the MIH discovery message, forwarding a home agent IP address query to an external agent (FA) server via the WiFi modem, and in response to completion of delivery of the home agent IP address query, And forward a MIH session initiation message to the MIH server via the WiFi modem.

Embodiment 56 The WTRU of any one of embodiments 33-55, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to forward a WiFi measurement request to the WiFi modem during an ongoing WiFi session.

Embodiment 57 The system of any one of embodiments 33-56, wherein the WiFi modem further forwards a WiFi measurement report to the MIH middleware in response to the WiFi measurement request, and sends WiFi measurement reports to the MIH middleware. The WTRU, configured to continue to deliver to the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 58. The system of any one of embodiments 33-57, wherein the MIH middleware is further configured to, in response to the WiFi measurement report, determine a prediction of the end of WiFi coverage, and determine the end of the WiFi coverage. In response to the prediction, configured to forward a WCDMA start (AT + CFUN) message to the WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 59 The system of any of embodiments 33-58, wherein the WCDMA modem also operates in idle mode, in response to the WCDMA start (AT + CFUN) message, and WCDMA start (AT + CFUN) is configured to forward the confirmation to the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 60 The system of any one of embodiments 33-59, wherein the MIH middleware also sends a Signal Quality Request (AT + CSQ) message in response to the WCDMA start (AT + CFUN) confirmation. WTRU, configured to forward to a WCDMA modem.

Embodiment 61. The system of any one of embodiments 33-60, wherein the WCDMA modem is further configured to respond to the signal quality request (AT + CSQ) message, to signal quality response (AT + CSQ− <rssi. >, <ber>) message to the MIH middleware periodically.

Embodiment 62 The WTRU of any one of embodiments 33-61, wherein the WTRU further comprises a wireless broadband (WiBro) modem.

Embodiment 63 The system of Embodiment 29, wherein the processor, the WCDMA modem, the WiFi modem, and the MIH middleware of the Embodiment 29 are any of the processor, WCDMA of any one of embodiments 34-61. And configured in the same manner as a modem, the WiFi modem, and the MIH middleware.

Embodiment 64 The WTRU of embodiment 63, wherein the WTRU further comprises a wireless broadband (WiBro) modem.

Embodiment 65 The method of any one of embodiments 1-64, wherein at least some of the communications performed via the Internet Protocol (IP) use User Datagram Protocol (UDP). WTRU.

120: upper layer, 105: information service
110: command service, 100: event service
125: MIH function section 115: lower layer
210: 802.16 modem, 220: 802.16 / WiBRO modem
230: WCDMA modem, 204: processor
250: middleware, 301: network access manager (GUI)
350: 802.21 mobility middleware, 304: WiBRO device driver
307: WiBRO stack, 305: WCDMA stack
302: MIP client, 309: OS socket APIS
303: WiFi device driver, 308: WiFi stack
480: MIH server, 465: IP stack

Claims (21)

In a dual mode wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU),
A wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) modem;
A second modem of a second technology type; And
A processor configured to operate a media independent handover (MIH) middleware,
The WCDMA modem is configured to communicate with a MIH server using a WCDMA connection,
The MIH middleware is configured to receive a handover command from the MIH server via the WCDMA modem,
The WCDMA modem is further configured to detect availability of cells of the second technology type via proprietary system information during an ongoing session and to communicate coverage prediction to the MIH middleware;
The MIH middleware and the WCDMA modem are further configured to forward a cell availability message to the MIH server in response to the coverage prediction;
The MIH middleware is further configured to receive a scan request message from the MIH server via the WCDMA modem in response to delivering the cell availability message;
The scan request message includes a list of the second description type cells and a reporting threshold;
And the MIH middleware and the second modem are configured to turn on the second modem in receiver mode in response to the scan request message. The method of claim 1,
The WCDMA modem is configured to map a WCDMA Quality of Service (QoS) to a QoS of the second technology type in response to the handover command;
The MIH middleware and the second modem perform switching to the second modem, then perform a Mobile IP (mobile internet protocol) binding update, and then send a MIH switching response to the MIH server. Is also configured to communicate to;
And the MIH middleware and the WCDMA modem are further configured to close the WCDMA connection in response to conveying the MIH switching response. 2. The dual mode radio transceiver of claim 1 wherein the second technology type is a WiBro (Wireless Broadband) technology and the second modem is a WiBro modem. 2. The dual mode radio transceiver of claim 1 wherein the second technology type is IEEE 802.11x (WiFi) technology and the second modem is a WiFi modem. The method of claim 1,
And the MIH middleware and the WCDMA modem are further configured to perform MIH server discovery in response to the start of initialization, then obtain a home agent internet protocol address, and then start a MIH session. The method of claim 1,
The MIH middleware and the WCDMA modem are further configured to re-register with the MIH server in response to a successful handover to a WCDMA network and then forward a MIH session continue message to the MIH server. Radio transceiver. The method of claim 1,
The MIH middleware and the second modem are further configured to operate the second modem in a receiver mode,
And the MIH middleware is further configured to receive WCDMA measurement reports from the WCDMA modem in response to operating in a receiver mode and to receive measurement reports of the second technology type from the second modem. The method of claim 1,
The WCDMA modem is further configured to periodically register with the MIH server in response to subsequent sessions,
The MIH middleware is further configured to receive a scan request message from the MIH server via the WCDMA modem during registration with the periodic MIH server,
The MIH middleware and the second modem are further configured to perform turning on the second modem in receiver mode in response to the scan request message;
And the scan request message includes a list of the second description type cells and a reporting threshold. A method implemented in a dual mode wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) having a first modem using a first technology type for communication and a second modem using a second technology type for communication, the method comprising:
Communicating, by a first modem, comprised of a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) modem, with a media independent handover (MIH) server using a WCDMA connection;
Receiving a handover command from the MIH server via the WCDMA modem;
Detecting the availability of cells of the second technology type through proprietary system information (SI) during an ongoing session;
Forwarding a cell availability message to the MIH server based on coverage prediction;
Receiving a scan request message from the MIH server via the WCDMA modem; And
The second modem powering on in a receiver mode in response to the scan request message;
And wherein the scan request message comprises a list of the second technology type cells and a reporting threshold. 10. The method of claim 9,
Mapping a WCDMA Quality of Service (QoS) to a QoS of the second type of technology in response to the handover command;
Switching to the second modem, then updating a Mobile Internet Protocol (Mobile IP) binding, and then forwarding a MIH switching response to the MIH server; And
And in response to forwarding the MIH switching response, the WCDMA modem further comprising disconnecting the WCDMA connection. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second type of technology is a wireless broadband (WiBro) technology and the second modem is a WiBro modem. The method of claim 10, wherein the second technology is an IEEE 802.11x (WiFi) technology and the second modem is a WiFi modem. 10. The method of claim 9,
And performing a search for a MIH server in response to the initiation of initialization, then obtaining a Home Agent Internet Protocol address, and then initiating a MIH session. 10. The method of claim 9,
And re-registering with the MIH server in response to a successful handover to a WCDMA network and then forwarding a MIH session continue message to the MIH server. Way. 10. The method of claim 9,
Starting the second modem in a receiver mode; And
And receiving WCDMA measurement reports from the WCDMA modem in response to starting the second modem in receiver mode and receiving measurement reports of the second technology type from the second modem. A method implemented in a wireless transceiver. 10. The method of claim 9,
Periodically registering with the MIH server in response to a subsequent session;
Receiving a scan request message from the MIH server via the WCDMA modem during registration with the MIH server periodically; And
Turning on the second modem in receiver mode in response to the scan request message,
And wherein the scan request message comprises a list of the second description type cells and a reporting threshold. delete delete delete delete delete

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