KR101120949B1 - Power supply for array antenna and array antenna forming conical beams connected to power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a plurality of 90 ° delay lines each having an input port and an output port; A plurality of 90 ° hybrids interconnected between the respective 90 ° delay lines and each of the 90 ° delay lines immediately adjacent to each other; And a plurality of intersecting lines intersecting each other between two adjacent 90 ° delay lines, except for 90 ° delay lines positioned at both ends of the plurality of 90 ° delay lines. And an array antenna including an n × n array antenna (where n is the square root of the number of output ports) connected to an output port of the 90 ° delay line. The array antenna feeding device of the present invention and the array antenna for conical beam formation connected thereto are formed at a position of about 45 ° with the horizon because the beam is configured to have a directional beam in four directions by dividing the conical beam into four. It is a structure suitable for receiving satellite signals. And because it is a planar structure, it can be used integrated on the roof of high-speed moving objects (cars, trains, etc.).

Feeder, Array Antenna

Description

Power supply for array antenna and array antenna forming conical beams connected to power supply

The present invention relates to an array antenna feeding device and an array antenna for forming a conical beam connected thereto, and more particularly, to an array antenna for forming a cone antenna having directivity to a divided area as an array antenna feeding device and a radiation pattern. More specifically, the beams of the highly directional antennas are formed in each divided area by dividing the azimuth angle in a predetermined altitude direction (although the altitude may vary depending on the structure of the antenna, preferably 45 °) on a three-dimensional plane. It relates to a power feeding device and an array antenna connected thereto.

In order to receive satellite signals from a fast moving animal such as a car or a train, a beam forming apparatus is required. The beam forming apparatus includes a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports, and uses a coupler, a phase shifter, a cross line, and the like to adjust a phase of a signal. Accordingly, the antenna for receiving the satellite signal needs a function to find the position of the satellite to form a beam.

For beam forming of the antenna, a beam forming apparatus using an array antenna and exciting a signal to each antenna is required. The array spacing of the antennas and the magnitude and phase of the signal excited by each antenna determine the shape of the antenna beam.

As a method for adjusting the phase of the antenna, a phase shifter is used for each feed line of the array antenna or a beam selected by using a switch is selected.

The use of phase shifters is expensive and has the disadvantages of loss of equipment, so switching methods are used to form a fixed beam in a fixed direction.

As described above, a beam forming apparatus capable of forming a beam in a desired direction by adjusting a phase excited by each antenna of an array antenna has been studied in the past, but a phase shifter must be used to adjust the phase. There was a costly disadvantage. In the case of a device which does not use a phase shifter, a switch is used to select a fixed beam.

The technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to use an array antenna feeder and a method of selecting a fixed beam connected to it, but an object thereof is to provide an array antenna for forming a conical beam not previously presented.

Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to modify a Butler matrix, which is a beam forming circuit for implementing an array antenna feeding device and a switching beam forming device, and connected to the array antenna feeding device so that the beam shape is conventional. Its purpose is to provide an array antenna that is formed entirely different from the structure.

The present invention, in order to achieve the above technical problem, a plurality of 90 ° delay lines each having an input port and an output port;

A plurality of 90 ° hybrids interconnected between the respective 90 ° delay lines and each of the 90 ° delay lines immediately adjacent to each other; And

An array antenna feeding apparatus including a plurality of intersecting lines to be cross-connected between two adjacent 90 degrees delay lines, except for 90 degrees delay lines positioned at both ends, among the plurality of 90 degrees delay lines.

The present invention, in order to achieve the above technical problem, a plurality of 90 ° delay lines each having an input port and an output port;

A plurality of 90 ° hybrids interconnected between each 90 ° delay line and each adjacent 90 ° delay line; And

A plurality of intersecting lines for mutually connecting between two adjacent 90 DEG lines except for 90 DEG lines positioned at both ends of the plurality of 90 DEG lines;

An array antenna including an n × n array antenna (where n is the square root of the number of output ports) connected to an output port of the 90 ° delay line is provided.

More preferably, it comprises four 90 ° delay lines to have four input ports and four output ports.

More preferably, it is characterized by using a phase shifter fixed with the delay line or a line for generating phase delay.

More preferably, the delay line is characterized by a phase delay of 90 ° or -270 °.

More preferably, the 90 ° hybrid is characterized in that the signals of the two ports outputted have a phase difference of 90 ° to each other.

More preferably, a branch line coupler is used for a 90 ° hybrid to implement a planar shape.

More preferably, the intersection line is configured in a ladder shape or configured so that the two lines do not overlap each other so that the intersection line is configured without the intersection line.

More preferably, when a signal is applied to the port 1, the output 1 and the output 2 has a phase difference of 180 ° through the feeder, and the output 3 and 4 have the same phase and the phase difference between the output 2 and 90 °. Excitation of a signal to port 2 is the same as excitation of a signal to port 1, except that the phases of outputs 3 and 4 have a phase difference of 90 ° compared to output 1, and ports 3 and 4 Are exactly symmetrical structures of ports 1 and 2, and the antennas with 180 ° phase difference are located diagonally from each other, so the output of the feeder is Out 1 = Ant 1, Out 2 = Ant 4, Out 3 = Ant 2, Out 4 = It is connected to Ant 3.

More preferably, the power feeding device and the array antenna are formed in the plane.

The array antenna feeding device of the present invention and the array antenna for conical beam formation connected thereto are formed at a position of about 45 ° with the horizon because the beam is configured to have a directional beam in four directions by dividing the conical beam into four. It is a structure suitable for receiving satellite signals. And because it is a planar structure, it can be used integrated on the roof of high-speed moving objects (cars, trains, etc.).

If the antenna is arranged in a rectangular grid in a planar array antenna structure, the array factor AF may be expressed as follows.

,

는 각 x 방향 및 y 방향으로 안테나가 떨어진 간격,

,

는 각 방향으로 여기 되는 신호의 크기에 해당한다.

와

는 x와 y 방향으로의 증가되는 위상 값(progressive phase)을 의미한다. Where M is the number of antennas arranged in the x direction, N is the number of antennas arranged in the y direction,

,

Is the distance apart from the antenna in each x and y direction,

,

Corresponds to the magnitude of the signal excited in each direction.

Wow

Denotes a progressive phase in the x and y directions.

According to Equation 1, if a signal having the same magnitude and having a different phase value in the x direction and the y direction is excited, a radiation pattern having the maximum directivity in the desired direction can be obtained.

The array antenna feeding device according to the present invention and the array antenna for conical beam formation connected thereto have a conical beam having directivity in a desired area according to the selection of an input port, and the conventional butler matrix feed device has an antenna for one plane. Although the beams have the characteristic that the beams are orthogonal, the structure proposed in the present invention is characterized by forming a beam having directivity in each region by dividing the ground surface and the point of a specific altitude into a quadrilateral structure as one embodiment. The four beams formed respectively add up to a conical beam. The four beams that can be formed in FIG. 1 are shown briefly. 1 schematically shows a beam shape divided into four zones for receiving a signal of a satellite located at an altitude of 45 ° according to one embodiment of the present invention.

In order to achieve the present invention, the phase of the delay line in the existing butler matrix structure is implemented differently from the conventional structure, and as shown in FIG.

2 is a diagram schematically showing a structure of a 2x2 array antenna and each antenna name according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In Fig. 2, the radiation pattern of a 2x2 array antenna depends on the magnitude and phase of the signal excited at each antenna stage.

As shown in FIG. 2, in a 2 × 2 array antenna structure separated by half wavelength in the y-direction in the x direction, the phase is 0 ° for antenna 1 (Ant. 1), the phase is 90 ° for antennas 2 and 3, and the phase is 180 for antenna 4 Exciting the signal at °, as shown in FIG. 3, the point having the maximum directivity is φ = 225 ° (case 1) in the xy plane when the x axis is referenced, and the z axis when the vertical direction of the xy plane is the z axis. It becomes the point which inclined from (theta) = 45 degrees. If the antenna is excited by rotating the phase by 90 ° sequentially (for each case in Table 1), the angles with maximum directivity are φ = 135 ° (case2), 45 ° (case3) and 325 ° (case4). It covers all areas where θ = 45 °.

A power feeding device capable of exciting a 2 × 2 array antenna is shown in FIG. 4. The proposed feeder consists of four 90 ° hybrids, one crossover, and four 90 ° delay lines. The cross line serves to cause the input signal to cross and come out of the opposite output. When a signal is excited at each port, a nearby port is an isolated port, and thus the signal is not transmitted. The signal is evenly distributed to the output, and the phases are different from each other. The output phase for each input port is shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the relative phase of the output port according to the input port of the power feeding device of the present invention.

Relative phase Out 1
(Ant. 1) Out 2
(Ant. 4) Out 3
(Ant. 2) Out 4
(Ant. 3) Port 1 (case 3) 180 ° 0 ° 90 ° 90 ° Port 2 (case 1) 0 ° 180 ° 90 ° 90 ° Port 3 (case 2) -90 ° -90 ° 180 ° 0 ° Port 4 (case 4) 90 ° 90 ° 0 ° 180 °

As shown in Table 1, when a signal is applied to port 1, output 1 and output 2 have a phase difference of 180 ° through the feeder, and output 3 and 4 have the same phase and output 2 and 90 ° Has a phase difference of. Exciting a signal on port 2 is the same as exciting a signal on port 1, except that the phases of outputs 3 and 4 have a phase difference of 90 ° compared to output 1. Ports 3 and 4 are exactly symmetrical structures of ports 1 and 2. In FIG. 2, the antennas having a 180 ° phase difference are positioned diagonally to each other, so the output of the power feeding device should be connected to Out 1 = Ant 1, Out 2 = Ant 4, Out 3 = Ant 2, Out 4 = Ant 3.

For one particular embodiment of the present invention, a 2x2 array antenna was fabricated, and a feeder was designed and fabricated. The distance between each antenna was 60 mm in the x and y directions, respectively. This is about half the wavelength at 2.6 GHz. The feeder was designed and manufactured using microstrip. The substrate used in the design is a substrate with a dielectric constant of 6.5 and a thickness of 25 mils. The design frequency was 2.6 GHz. A 90 ° hybrid was used in the direction of the input port, and a branch-line coupler with the same size and 90 ° out of phase with the two output ports. The intersecting lines used a structure arranged at intervals of wavelength / 4 in a ladder shape using a 50-ohm line. The 90 ° delay line has the effect of phase delay by varying the length of the feed line. In order to improve the phase characteristics and the reflection characteristics in the feeder line, the number of times the signal excited at each port goes to the output port is the same. The connection between the feeder and the antenna was connected to the antenna input at each output port using coaxial lines of the same length.

The manufactured array antenna and the power feeding device are shown in FIG. 6A and 6B show radiation patterns when signals are excited to input ports 1 and 2 based on the fabricated antenna. Simulated and measured at the center frequency 2.57 GHz. The radiation pattern is a pattern cut into planes including the φ = 45 ° axis and the z axis. 6A shows a radiation pattern when a signal is excited to port 1. The vertical axis is an axis indicating φ = 225 °. Therefore, the maximum directivity in the figure occurs at θ = 45 ° based on φ = 45 ° and z-axis which are the centers of the x and y axes. Exciting a signal at port 2 has maximum directivity at φ = 225 ° and θ = 45 ° as shown in FIG. 6B. When the signal is excited at the ports 3 and 4, the radiation pattern feeding device has the same radiation pattern as that of FIG. 5 when cut to a plane including φ = 135 ° and the z-axis.

1 is a perspective view schematically showing a beam shape divided into four regions for receiving a signal of a satellite located at an altitude of 45 ° according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a diagram schematically showing a structure of a 2x2 array antenna and each antenna name according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a diagram illustrating Ant phases between antennas in the antenna structure of FIG. 1 = 0 °, Ant. 2 = 90 °, Ant. 3 = 90 °, Ant. Figure 4 shows the relative radiation size (part A where radiation occurs, part B where radiation occurs weakly) according to position when applied at 4 = 180 °.

Figure 4 is a plan view showing one embodiment of the array antenna feeder for forming a conical beam proposed in the present invention.

5 is a photograph showing a state of a power feeding device connected to an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6A is a simulation and measured radiation pattern of a 2 × 2 array antenna including a power feeding device proposed in the present invention at 2.57 GHz in the present invention, and illustrates a case where a signal is excited to port 1, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the case where a signal was excited.

Claims (18)

In the feeding device of the array antenna, A first 90 ° delay line having one input port and one output port; A second 90 DEG delay line having one input port and one output port; A third 90 [deg.] Delay line having one input port and one output port; A fourth 90 DEG delay line having one input port and one output port; An intersecting line that cross-connects a phase delay front end of the second 90 DEG line and a phase delay front end of the third 90 DEG line; The phase delay front end of the first 90 DEG delay line and one end of the crossing line are interconnected, one end connected between the phase delay front end of the first 90 DEG delay line and the input port of the first 90 DEG delay line, and the other end is A first 90 ° hybrid connected between one end of the intersecting line and the input port of the second 90 ° delay line; It is connected between the phase delay rear end of the first 90 DEG delay line and the other end of the crossing line, one end of which is connected between the phase delay rear end of the first 90 DEG delay line and the output port of the first 90 DEG delay line, and the other end is A second 90 ° hybrid connected between the phase delay front end of the second 90 ° delay line and the other end of the intersection line; One end of the crossing line and a phase delay front end of the fourth 90 ° delay line, one end of which is connected between one end of the intersection line and an input port of the third 90 ° delay line, and the other end of the fourth 90 ° delay line A third 90 ° hybrid connected between the phase delay front end and the input port of the fourth 90 ° delay line; And The other end of the intersecting line and the rear end of the fourth 90 ° delay line are interconnected, one end of which is connected to the front end of the third 90 ° delay line and the other end of the intersecting line, and the other end of the fourth 90 ° delay. And a fourth 90 [deg.] Hybrid connected between the rear end of the line and the output port of the fourth 90 [deg.] Delay line. delete 2. The array antenna feeding device according to claim 1, wherein a phase shifter fixed to said delay line is used, or a line shift generating phase delay is used. The array antenna feeding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the delay line has a phase delay of 90 degrees or -270 degrees. 2. The array antenna feeding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the 90 [deg.] Hybrid has an input / output signal having a phase difference of 90 [deg.] With each other. The array antenna feeding device of claim 1, wherein a branch line coupler is used as a 90 ° hybrid to implement a planar shape. The array antenna feeding apparatus of claim 1, wherein the intersection line is configured in a ladder shape or is formed so as not to overlap each other so that the intersection line is configured without an intersection line. 2. The phase difference of claim 1, wherein when a signal is applied to an input port of the first 90 ° delay line, an output port of the first 90 ° delay line and an output port of the second 90 ° delay line are 180 ° from each other through a feeder. The output port of the third 90 ° delay line and the output port of the fourth 90 ° delay line have the same phase and have a phase difference of 90 ° with the output port of the second 90 ° delay line, and the second 90 ° The excitation of the signal to the input port of the delay line is the same as the excitation of the signal to the input port of the first 90 ° delay line. The difference is the phase of the output port of the third 90 ° delay line and the output port of the fourth 90 ° delay line. Compared to the output port of the first 90 ° delay line has a phase difference of 90 °, the input port of the third 90 ° delay line and the input port of the fourth 90 ° delay line of the first 90 ° delay line An input port and an input port of the second 90 ° delay line Since the antennas are exactly symmetrical and the antennas with 180 ° phase difference are positioned diagonally to each other, the output of the feeder is connected to the output port of the first 90 ° delay line and connected to the first antenna, and the output port of the second 90 ° delay line is And an output port of the third 90 ° delay line is connected to a second antenna, and an output port of the fourth 90 ° delay line is connected to a third antenna. delete A first 90 ° delay line having one input port and one output port; A second 90 DEG delay line having one input port and one output port; A third 90 [deg.] Delay line having one input port and one output port; A fourth 90 DEG delay line having one input port and one output port; An intersecting line that cross-connects a phase delay front end of the second 90 DEG line and a phase delay front end of the third 90 DEG line; The phase delay front end of the first 90 DEG delay line and one end of the crossing line are interconnected, one end connected between the phase delay front end of the first 90 DEG delay line and the input port of the first 90 DEG delay line, and the other end is A first 90 ° hybrid connected between one end of the intersecting line and the input port of the second 90 ° delay line; It is connected between the phase delay rear end of the first 90 DEG delay line and the other end of the crossing line, one end of which is connected between the phase delay rear end of the first 90 DEG delay line and the output port of the first 90 DEG delay line, and the other end is A second 90 ° hybrid connected between the phase delay front end of the second 90 ° delay line and the other end of the intersection line; One end of the crossing line and a phase delay front end of the fourth 90 ° delay line, one end of which is connected between one end of the intersection line and an input port of the third 90 ° delay line, and the other end of the fourth 90 ° delay line A third 90 ° hybrid connected between the phase delay front end and the input port of the fourth 90 ° delay line; The other end of the intersecting line and the rear end of the fourth 90 ° delay line are interconnected, one end of which is connected to the front end of the third 90 ° delay line and the other end of the intersecting line, and the other end of the fourth 90 ° delay. A fourth 90 [deg.] Hybrid connected between the phase delayed end of the line and the output port of the fourth 90 [deg.] Delay line; A first antenna connected to the output port of the first 90 ° delay line; A fourth antenna connected to the output port of the second 90 ° delay line; A second antenna connected to an output port of the third 90 ° delay line; And An array antenna comprising a third antenna connected to the output port of the fourth 90 ° delay line. delete 12. The array antenna according to claim 10, wherein a phase shifter fixed to the delay line is used or a line shifting phase delay is used. 11. The array antenna of claim 10, wherein the delay line has a phase delay of 90 degrees or -270 degrees. 11. The array antenna of claim 10, wherein the 90 [deg.] Hybrid has an input / output signal having a phase difference of 90 [deg.] With each other. 12. The array antenna of claim 10 wherein a 90 ° hybrid is used as a branch line coupler to implement a planar shape. The array antenna of claim 10, wherein the crossing lines are configured in a ladder shape or configured so as not to overlap each other, so that the crossing lines are configured without crossing lines. The phase difference of claim 10, wherein when a signal is applied to an input port of the first 90 ° delay line, an output port of the first 90 ° delay line and an output port of the second 90 ° delay line are 180 ° from each other through a feeder. The output port of the third 90 ° delay line and the output port of the fourth 90 ° delay line have the same phase and have a phase difference of 90 ° with the output port of the second 90 ° delay line, and the second 90 ° The excitation of the signal to the input port of the delay line is the same as the excitation of the signal to the input port of the first 90 ° delay line. The difference is the phase of the output port of the third 90 ° delay line and the output port of the fourth 90 ° delay line. Compared to the output port of the first 90 ° delay line has a phase difference of 90 °, the input port of the third 90 ° delay line and the input port of the fourth 90 ° delay line of the first 90 ° delay line An input port and an input port of the second 90 ° delay line The antenna is characterized in that the antenna is exactly symmetrical and the antennas with 180 ° phase difference are located diagonally to each other. delete

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