KR101070452B1 - Dye Sensitized Solar Cell - Google Patents

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Download PDF

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KR101070452B1
KR101070452B1 KR1020090030113A KR20090030113A KR101070452B1 KR 101070452 B1 KR101070452 B1 KR 101070452B1 KR 1020090030113 A KR1020090030113 A KR 1020090030113A KR 20090030113 A KR20090030113 A KR 20090030113A KR 101070452 B1 KR101070452 B1 KR 101070452B1
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dye
solar cell
sensitized solar
substrate
present
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KR1020090030113A
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Korean (ko)
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KR20100111592A (en
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양계용
정성훈
이풍현
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주식회사 이건창호
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)

Abstract

Dye-sensitized solar cells are provided.

The dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention comprises: a first substrate having TiO 2 electrodes connected thereto; A dye-sensitization comprising a second substrate connected to the other side opposite to the first substrate and having a counter electrode connected to one side thereof to face the TiO 2 electrode, and an electrolyte filled between the first and second substrates. In the solar cell, the dye-sensitized solar cell is provided with a dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that it comprises a metal grid laminated only on the first substrate.

Dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention can effectively improve the effective directionality of electron transfer generated by the dye, and has a structure that shortens the electron transfer path as compared to the prior art. Thus, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention has better efficiency than the dye-sensitized solar cell of the prior art in which two grids are bonded to each other. Furthermore, since the injection of the whole electrolyte solution can be achieved only once, it also has a process effect.

Description

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell

The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell, more specifically TiO 2 The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell having a new structure, which exhibits improved efficiency and power characteristics by transporting electrons generated from an electrode through a single layer grid.

The dye-sensitized solar cell, which was presented by Michael Gratzel of Switzerland in 1991, has a lower manufacturing cost compared to conventional silicon solar cells, a high energy change efficiency compared to the unit price, and a cell that can be transparent and bent. Has been attracting attention because it can be manufactured has the advantage that can be used in a variety of applications. The dye-sensitized solar cell is composed of a photoelectrode and an electrolyte solution containing a dye molecule capable of absorbing light in the visible light region and generating electron-hole pairs, and a titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) transition metal oxide that transfers the generated electrons. It is composed of a counter electrode coated with a platinum layer serving as a catalyst for redox reaction. The photoelectrode in the form of a porous membrane is composed of an n-type oxide semiconductor having a wide bandgap such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), and tin oxide (SnO 2 ). It is adsorbed. When sunlight enters the solar cell, electrons near the Fermi energy in the dye absorb the solar energy and are excited to an upper level where the electrons are not filled. At this time, the vacancy in the lower level where the electrons escape is filled again by the ions in the electrolyte providing the electrons. Ions that provide electrons to the dye move to the photoelectrode to receive electrons. The platinum counter electrode acts as a catalyst for the redox reaction of ions in the electrolyte solution to provide electrons to the ions in the electrolyte through a redox reaction on the surface.

That is, such a dye-sensitized solar cell is composed of a transparent conductive electrode coated with a nanocrystalline oxide film on which dye molecules are adsorbed, a counter electrode coated with metal platinum, and an electrolyte for redox action. The dye-sensitized solar cell having a single substrate is used by having one dye-sensitized solar cell, or a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells are connected to each other on one substrate to be used in a module form.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell.

Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell has a sandwich structure in which a first substrate 2 and a second substrate 4 are bonded to each other, and a first substrate 2 facing the second substrate 4. On the surface of the conductive material 22, such as FTO, there is a nanoparticle oxide layer 6, such as TiO 2 , on the conductive material 22, dye molecules are adsorbed on the oxide layer 6, The surface of the second substrate opposite to the first substrate is coated with a conductive material 22 and platinum.

Conventional dye-sensitized solar cells are bonded to the grid of the upper electrode and the grid of the lower electrode, thereby manufacturing the entire grid. However, the bonded grid in which the upper and lower electrode grids are bonded in this way reduces the overall dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency due to height difference, uneven bonding, and the like. Furthermore, there is a problem in that the grid of the structure increases the overall electron migration path and also does not effectively act as a conductive passage for electrons traveling parallel to the grid direction. Furthermore, since the metal grid blocks the movement of the electrolyte between the modules (cells), there is a problem in that the electrolyte must be injected into each module.

Therefore, the first problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell of a new structure having a higher efficiency, easy maintenance.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a TiO 2 electrode is connected to the first substrate; A dye-sensitization comprising a second substrate connected to the other side opposite to the first substrate and having a counter electrode connected to one side thereof to face the TiO 2 electrode, and an electrolyte filled between the first and second substrates. In the solar cell, the dye-sensitized solar cell provides a dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that it comprises a metal grid laminated only on the first substrate.

In this case, the metal grid may represent a lattice structure in the X-Y direction.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper and side surfaces of the metal grid is provided with a protective film for protecting the metal grid from the electrolyte, the protective film may be a polyimide.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a TiO 2 electrode is connected to the first substrate; A dye-sensitization comprising a second substrate connected to the other side opposite to the first substrate and having a counter electrode connected to one side thereof to face the TiO 2 electrode, and an electrolyte filled between the first and second substrates. In a solar cell, the dye-sensitized solar cell includes first and second metal grids stacked on the first and second substrates, respectively, wherein the first and second metal grids are in physical contact with each other. Also provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that it is insulated.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the first and second metal grids include a protective film for electrically insulating the first and second metal grids while protecting the first and second metal grids from an electrolyte. The protective film is polyimide.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the first and second metal grids have a lattice structure in the X-Y direction.

The dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention can effectively improve the effective directivity of electron transfer generated by the dye, and has a structure that shortens the electron transfer path as compared with the prior art. Thus, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention has better efficiency than the dye-sensitized solar cell of the prior art in which two grids are bonded to each other. Furthermore, since the injection of the whole electrolyte solution can be achieved only once, it also has a process effect.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, this invention is demonstrated in detail with reference to drawings and an Example. The following description is for carrying out the present invention specifically, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following description.

First, the dye-sensitized solar cell used as an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

2 is a plan view showing the configuration of the dye-sensitized solar cell used in one embodiment in the present invention, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a grid of the dye-sensitized solar cell used in one embodiment in the present invention.

2 and 3, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the embodiment of the present invention includes metal grids 210a and 210b stacked on the substrate 200, wherein the metal grids are perpendicular to the XY direction. It has a lattice structure, where the XY direction refers to the direction of movement of electrons with respect to the plane of the dye-sensitized solar cell. That is, the structure refers to a grid structure in which the grids of two directions are orthogonal, and the inside of the grid constitutes a unit cell of a dye-sensitized solar cell.

The metal grid lattice structure perpendicular to the present invention is a problem of one direction of electron flow according to the prior art (that is, it is advantageous that the electrons flow in a direction perpendicular to the metal grid direction, and In this case, the metal grid is not very effective. That is, the electrons generated by the dye can effectively flow to the outside by the metal grid surrounded by the lattice structure irrespective of the initial flow direction.

Referring to FIG. 3, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention includes a first substrate 300 and a second substrate 310 facing the first substrate 300. In addition, a TiO 2 electrode 320 is provided on the first substrate 300, and a counter electrode (not shown) such as platinum is provided on the second substrate, which is the same as the prior art.

However, the present invention includes a metal grid 330 on a first substrate on which TiO 2 electrodes are stacked, and the metal grid is electrically separated from the second substrate 310. That is, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention includes a metal grid having a horizontal structure instead of the metal grid having a conventional vertical structure. Thus, by omitting the electron flow path in the vertical direction, a dye-sensitized solar cell having a shorter electron path than in the prior art is possible.

Hereinafter, the metal grid 330 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the metal grid 330 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4, the metal grid 330 according to the present invention is a protective film 330a for protecting the metal grid 330b from an electrolyte on the metal grid 330b made of a conductive material such as silver and the metal grid 330b. Has a structure consisting of In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a material having insulation and chemical resistance, such as polyimide (PI), is used as the protective layer 330a, but the present invention is not limited thereto. May also be used.

The present inventors furthermore, since the dye-sensitized solar cell of the structure shown in FIG. 3 has no support member between the substrates, the mechanical strength of the dye-sensitized solar cell is low, and the resistance between the first and second substrates is reduced. It has been recognized that the overall dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency is lowered due to asymmetry (ie, the first substrate on which the metal grid is stacked has a much lower electrical resistance than the second substrate on which the metal grid is not stacked). In order to solve this problem, a dye-sensitized solar cell having a new structure is disclosed.

5 is a cross-sectional view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5, the dye-sensitized solar cell includes another metal grid 340 stacked on the second substrate 310. The metal grid 340 (hereinafter referred to as the second metal grid) is in contact with the metal grid 330 (hereinafter referred to as the first metal grid) stacked on the first substrate 300, thereby contacting the second substrate 310 with the first. It is mechanically supported on the substrate 300.

In addition, the second metal grid 340 includes a protective film 350 that protects a metal material in the same manner as the first metal grid 330, and the protective film 350 includes the second metal grid 340 and the first metal grid 340. The metal grid is electrically insulated. As a result, as in FIG. 3, the metal grid effect of the single layer structure is achieved and the problem of mechanical durability deterioration is effectively solved.

Here, the first substrate 300 and the second substrate 310 is to provide the appearance of the dye-sensitized solar cell at the same time the light, specifically the sunlight is transmitted, the conventional substrate in the art used for this purpose Any of these may be used, but preferably, polyethersulphone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene At least one of terephthalate (PET), polyphenylenesulfide (PPS), polyallylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (CAP) It is preferable to use a plastic material or a glass material containing.

On one surface of the first substrate 300 and the second substrate 310, a dye absorbs visible light provided to the dye-sensitized solar cell and a conductive material (not shown) as a path through which the excited electrons move. The conductive material is further coated including ITO, FTO, ZnO- (Ga 2 O 3 or Al 2 O 3 ), SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 3 , and the like.

The conductive material (not shown) is a cathode (-) to the surface of the conductive material of the first substrate 300 is coated, and is generally wide in the form of nanoporous membranes such as TiO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2 It is preferable to be composed of an n-type oxide having a band gap, and when sunlight is incident on the surface by adsorbing a dye of a monomolecular layer, electrons near the Fermi energy in the dye absorb the solar energy and the upper level of the electrons is not filled. Is here.

Furthermore, in the prior art, a separate sealing member was provided on a substrate to protect the metal grid from an electrolyte, but the manufacturing process of the sealing member was difficult to perform, which should be provided with a sealing member equal to the height of the metal grid. This is due to the limitation. However, in the present invention, it is more economical than the prior art in that the grid and the sealing member can be completed simultaneously by a single process of simply laminating a protective film on a metal material.

Furthermore, the inventors have found a surprising fact that when the metal grid protective film is composed of a thermosetting resin such as polyimide, an electrolyte injected between the first substrate and the second substrate can easily penetrate, and thus, It is possible to inject the electrolyte into the entire dye-sensitized solar cell separated by the metal grid only by the electrolyte injection hole (see FIG. 6).

In particular, the grid constituting the conventional dye-sensitized solar cell module is provided so as to extend from the wall surface of the dye-sensitized solar cell to the other side wall opposite thereto, so that each of the dye-sensitized solar cells is isolated from each other, so that the electrolyte is different from the inside of the dye-sensitized solar cell. It is configured not to be moved to, and each of the dye-sensitized solar cells should be provided with an electrolyte injection hole for injecting an electrolyte, respectively, in the present invention, only one electrolyte injection hole to achieve the effect of the electrolyte injection of the entire solar cell.

Experimental Example

Current of the dye-sensitized solar cell of the prior art (comparative example) and the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 having the same area (10 cm x 10 cm) to measure the effect according to the present invention. The voltage characteristics were compared.

7 and 8 show current-voltage curves of dye-sensitized solar cells according to Comparative Examples and Examples, respectively.

Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the comparative example shows a current characteristic of only 80 mA, but the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention shows a current characteristic exceeding 300 mA. Particularly, those skilled in the art can expect that dye-sensitized solar cells having excellent efficiency of more than 400 mA in the case of outdoor light are possible by the present invention.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell.

Figure 2 is a plan view showing the configuration of the dye-sensitized solar cell used in one embodiment in the present invention.

3 is a cross-sectional view showing a grid of the dye-sensitized solar cell used in one embodiment of the present invention.

4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the metal grid 330 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a plan view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention provided with an electrolyte injection hole.

7 shows a current-voltage curve of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to a comparative example.

Claims (8)

delete delete delete delete A first substrate having TiO 2 electrodes connected thereto; A dye-sensitization comprising a second substrate connected to the other side opposite to the first substrate and having a counter electrode connected to one side thereof to face the TiO 2 electrode, and an electrolyte filled between the first and second substrates. In solar cells, The dye-sensitized solar cell includes first and second metal grids stacked on the first and second substrates, respectively, and on the first and second metal grids, the first and second metals, respectively, from the electrolyte. At the same time as protecting the grid, a protective film for electrically insulating the first and second metal grids is formed, respectively, and the protective films on the first and second metal grids are in contact with each other, whereby the first and second metal grids are contacted. Dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that the first substrate and the second substrate provided are mechanically mutually supported. delete The method of claim 5, The protective film is a dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that the polyimide. The method of claim 5, The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 1, wherein the first and second metal grids have a lattice structure in the X-Y direction.
KR1020090030113A 2009-04-07 2009-04-07 Dye Sensitized Solar Cell KR101070452B1 (en)

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KR101890687B1 (en) * 2013-12-11 2018-08-23 주식회사 오리온 Dye-sensitized solar cell

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JP2005196982A (en) * 2003-12-26 2005-07-21 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd Dye-sensitized solar cell

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005196982A (en) * 2003-12-26 2005-07-21 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd Dye-sensitized solar cell

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