KR101068741B1 - Method and device for data transmission in multi-antenna system - Google Patents

Abstract

In a multi-antenna system, a data transmission method defines a codebook including at least one precoding matrix composed of a plurality of rows and columns, wherein the codebook is a first type in which all elements of the precoding matrix are non-zero, the precoding matrix. At least any one of a second type comprising at least one element of which one column contains only nonzeros and the other column of zero and a third type comprising at least one element of all columns of the precoding matrix One type, performing precoding of an input symbol using the defined codebook, and transmitting the symbol on which the precoding has been performed.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DATA TRANSMISSION IN MULTIPLE ANTENNA SYSTEM}

The present invention relates to wireless communication, and more particularly, to a data transmission method using multiple antennas.

Recently, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems have attracted attention in order to maximize performance and communication capacity of a wireless communication system. MIMO technology is a method that can improve the transmission and reception data transmission efficiency by adopting multiple transmission antennas and multiple reception antennas, away from the use of one transmission antenna and one reception antenna. The MIMO system is also called a multiple antenna system. MIMO technology is an application of a technique of gathering and completing fragmented pieces of data received from multiple antennas without relying on a single antenna path to receive one entire message. As a result, it is possible to improve the data transfer rate in a specific range or increase the system range for a specific data transfer rate.

MIMO techniques include transmit diversity, spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and the like. Transmit diversity is a technique of increasing transmission reliability by transmitting the same data in multiple transmit antennas. Spatial multiplexing is a technology that allows high-speed data transmission without increasing the bandwidth of the system by simultaneously transmitting different data from multiple transmit antennas. Beamforming is used to increase the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of a signal by applying weights according to channel conditions in multiple antennas. In this case, the weight may be represented by a weight vector or a weight matrix, which is referred to as a precoding vector or a precoding matrix.

Spatial multiplexing includes spatial multiplexing for a single user and spatial multiplexing for multiple users. Spatial multiplexing for a single user is also referred to as Single User MIMO (SU-MIMO), and spatial multiplexing for multiple users is called SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) or MU-MIMO (MU-MIMO). The capacity of the MIMO channel increases in proportion to the number of antennas. The MIMO channel can be broken down into independent channels. When the number of transmitting antennas is Nt and the number of receiving antennas is Nr, the number Ni of independent channels is Ni ≦ min {Nt, Nr}. Each independent channel may be referred to as a spatial layer. The rank may be defined as the number of non-zero eigenvalues of the MIMO channel matrix and the number of spatial streams that can be multiplexed.

MIMO technology includes a codebook based precoding technique. The codebook based precoding scheme is a method of preprocessing data using a precoding matrix most similar to a MIMO channel among predetermined precoding matrices. If a codebook based precoding scheme is used, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) may be transmitted as feedback data, thereby reducing overhead. Codebooks consist of a set of codebooks that can represent spatial channels. In order to increase the data transmission rate, the number of antennas must be increased. As the number of antennas increases, a codebook must be configured with a larger codebook set.

In particular, recently, a terminal having four antennas has been considered. Accordingly, there is a need for a design of a codebook that can be applied to an increased antenna of a terminal. Some things to consider when designing a new codebook include: (1) A signal having a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in uplink should be able to be transmitted, and power should be efficiently used when a low PAPR signal is transmitted. (2) Some antenna signals, such as hand gripping situations, may be transmitted with signals of lower output than actual power due to the obstacles in front of them, in which case an antenna advantageous for transmission should be selectively available. . (3) In applying the predefined downlink codebook to the uplink, a problem due to the limitation of the maximum output of the terminal should be considered. In low geometry, the output power must be increased to transmit a signal. Since the output of the power amplifier of the terminal is limited, a signal having a low PAPR can be efficiently transmitted using a defined downlink codebook. However, transmission symbols may be added by elements of a row of the existing codebook to increase the PAPR. As such, codebooks with high PAPR are not suitable for uplink transmission with power limitations.

According to the number of antennas of a terminal in a multi-antenna system, a design of a codebook suitable for uplink transmission is required.

An object of the present invention is to design a codebook suitable for uplink transmission, and to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently transmitting uplink data using the same.

In a multi-antenna system according to an aspect of the present invention, a data transmission method defines a codebook including at least one precoding matrix composed of a plurality of rows and columns, wherein the codebook is a nonzero value of all elements of the precoding matrix. One type, a second type comprising at least one element of the precoding matrix containing only non-zero elements and the other column containing at least one element of zero and at least one element of which all columns of the precoding matrix are zero At least one type of the third type to perform, the step of performing the pre-coding of the input symbol using the codebook defined, and the step of transmitting the pre-coded symbol.

In a multi-antenna system, a codebook suitable for uplink transmission through an increased antenna may be provided, and thus uplink data may be efficiently transmitted.

1 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communication system.
2 shows an example of a transmitter structure.
3 shows another example of a transmitter structure.
4 illustrates data processing between a transmitter and a receiver in a multi-antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 illustrates an example of a type of 4Tx rank 3 codebook according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 illustrates a method of constructing a 4Tx rank 3 codebook according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 illustrates power allocation using a 4Tx rank 3 codebook in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a terminal.

1 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communication system. Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice and packet data.

Referring to FIG. 1, a wireless communication system includes a user equipment (UE) 10 and a base station 20 (BS). The terminal 10 may be fixed or mobile and may be called by other terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), and a wireless device. The base station 20 generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal 10, and in other terms, such as a Node-B, a Base Transceiver System, or an Access Point. Can be called. One or more cells may exist in one base station 20.

Hereinafter, downlink (DL) means communication from the base station 20 to the terminal 10, and uplink (UL) means communication from the terminal 10 to the base station 20. In downlink, the transmitter may be part of the base station 20 and the receiver may be part of the terminal 10. In uplink, the transmitter may be part of the terminal 10 and the receiver may be part of the base station 20.

The wireless communication system may be an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) / Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based system. OFDM uses multiple orthogonal subcarriers. OFDM uses orthogonality between inverse fast fourier transforms (IFFTs) and fast fourier transforms (FFTs). The transmitter performs IFFT on the data and transmits it. The receiver recovers the original data by performing an FFT on the received signal. The transmitter uses an IFFT to combine multiple subcarriers, and the receiver uses a corresponding FFT to separate multiple subcarriers.

The wireless communication system may be a multiple antenna system. The multiple antenna system may be a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. Alternatively, the multi-antenna system may be a multiple-input single-output (MISO) system or a single-input single-output (SISO) system or a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) system. May be a system. The MIMO system uses multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas. The MISO system uses multiple transmit antennas and one receive antenna. The SISO system uses one transmit antenna and one receive antenna. The SIMO system uses one transmit antenna and multiple receive antennas.

Techniques using multiple antennas in a multi-antenna system include a space frequency block code (SFBC), a space-time coding (STC) such as space time block code (STBC), a cyclic delay diversity (CDD), and a frequency switched (FSTD) in rank 1. transmit diversity), time switched transmit diversity (TSTD), or the like may be used. In Rank 2 or higher, spatial multiplexing (SM), Generalized Cyclic Delay Diversity (GCDD), Selective Virtual Antenna Permutation (S-VAP), and the like may be used. SFBC is a technique that efficiently applies selectivity in the spatial domain and frequency domain to secure both diversity gain and multi-user scheduling gain in the corresponding dimension. STBC is a technique for applying selectivity in the space domain and the time domain. FSTD is a technique for dividing a signal transmitted through multiple antennas by frequency, and TSTD is a technique for dividing a signal transmitted through multiple antennas by time. Spatial multiplexing is a technique to increase the data rate by transmitting different data for each antenna. GCDD is a technique for applying selectivity in the time domain and the frequency domain. S-VAP is a technique using a single precoding matrix. Multi-codeword (MCW) S, which mixes multiple codewords between antennas in spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing, and Single Codeword (SCW) S using single codeword. There is a VAP.

2 shows an example of a transmitter structure.

Referring to FIG. 2, the transmitter 100 includes an encoder 110-1,..., 110 -K, a modulator 120-1,..., 120 -K, a hierarchical mapper 130, a precoder ( 140), subcarrier mappers 150-1, ..., 150-K and OFDM signal generators 160-1, ..., 160-K. The transmitter 100 includes Nt (Nt 1) transmit antennas 170-1,..., 170 -Nt.

The encoders 110-1, ..., 110-K encode the input data according to a predetermined coding scheme to form coded data. The coded data is called a codeword, and codeword b may be expressed as in Equation 1.

Where q is the index of the codeword and M ^(q) _bit is the number of _bits of the q codeword.

The codeword is scrambling. The scrambled codeword c may be expressed as in Equation 2.

The modulators 120-1, ..., 120-K place the codewords into symbols representing positions on the signal constellation. The modulation scheme is not limited and may be m-Phase Shift Keying (m-PSK) or m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (m-QAM). For example, m-PSK may be BPSK, QPSK or 8-PSK. m-QAM may be 16-QAM, 64-QAM or 256-QAM.

Codeword d disposed as a symbol on the signal constellation may be expressed as Equation (3).

Here, M ^(q) _symb is the number of symbols of the q codeword.

The hierarchical mapper 130 defines a hierarchy of input symbols such that the precoder 140 can distribute antenna specific symbols to the path of each antenna. A layer is defined as an information path input to the precoder 140. The symbol x input to the path of each antenna may be expressed as in Equation 4.

Here, v means the number of layers.

The information path before the precoder 140 may be referred to as a virtual antenna or a layer. The precoder 140 processes the input symbols in a MIMO scheme according to the multiple transmit antennas 170-1,..., 170 -Nt. The precoder 140 may use codebook based precoding. In codebook based precoding, a codebook (eg, a 4Tx rank 3 codebook) generated according to the present invention may be used.

The precoder 140 distributes the antenna specific symbol to the subcarrier mappers 150-1,..., 150 -K in the path of the antenna. Each information path sent by the precoder 140 through one subcarrier mapper to one antenna is called a stream. This may be referred to as a physical antenna.

The signal y ^(p) (i) sent to each antenna port p may be expressed by Equation 5.

The subcarrier mappers 150-1, ..., 150-K assign the precoded symbols to the appropriate subcarriers and multiplex according to the user. The OFDM signal generators 160-1,..., 160 -K output an OFDM symbol by modulating a symbol mapped to a subcarrier in an OFDM scheme. The OFDM signal generators 160-1, ..., 160-K may perform an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) on the input symbol, and a cyclic prefix (CP) may be inserted into the time-domain symbol on which the IFFT is performed. Can be. The OFDM symbol is transmitted through each transmit antenna 170-1,..., 170 -Nt.

In the MIMO system, the transmitter 100 may operate in two modes. One is SCW mode and the other is MCW mode. In the SCW mode, transmission signals transmitted through the MIMO channel have the same data rate. In the MCW mode, data transmitted through the MIMO channel may be independently encoded, so that transmission signals may have different transmission rates. The MCW mode operates when the rank is two or more.

3 shows another example of a transmitter structure. Can be used for uplink transmission using the SC-FDMA access method.

Referring to FIG. 3, the transmitter 200 includes a scrambling unit 210, a modulator 220, a transform precoder 230, a resource element mapper 240, and an SC-. An FDMA signal generator 250.

The scrambling unit 210 performs scrambling on the input codeword. The codeword may have a length equal to the number of bits transmitted through the PUSCH of one subframe. The modulator 220 places the scrambled codewords into modulation symbols representing positions on the signal constellation. The modulation scheme is not limited and may be m-PSK or m-QAM. For example, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, etc. may be used as a modulation scheme in the PUSCH.

The codeword d arranged as a modulation symbol on the signal constellation may be expressed as in Equation 6.

Here, M _symb represents the number of modulation symbols of codeword d.

The conversion precoder 230 divides the codeword d arranged as modulation symbols on the signal constellation into M _symb / M ^PUSCH _SC sets, and associates each set with one SC-FDMA symbol. M ^PUSCH _SC indicates the number of subcarriers included in the bandwidth for uplink transmission and may correspond to a DFT size. The transform precoder 230 generates a DFT symbol in the frequency domain by performing a DFT as shown in Equation (7).

Here, k denotes an index of the frequency domain, l denotes an index of the time domain, and a resource element is represented by (k, l). The DFT symbol according to Equation 8 is outputted as z (0), ..., z (M _symb- 1). When M ^PUSCH _RB represents the number of resource blocks included in the bandwidth scheduled for uplink transmission, and when N ^RB _SC gives the number of subcarriers included in the resource block in the frequency domain, M ^PUSCH _SC = M ^PUSCH _{RB ·} N ^It is expressed as ^RB _SC . M ^PUSCH _RB is applied as in Equation 8.

In this case, α ₂ , α ₃ , and α ₅ are sets of non-negative integers.

The resource element mapper 240 maps the DFT symbols z (0), ..., z (M _symb- 1) output from the transform precoder 230 to the resource elements. SC-FDMA signal generator 250 generates an SC-FDMA signal in the time domain for each antenna. The SC-FDMA signal is transmitted through the transmit antenna.

4 illustrates data processing between a transmitter and a receiver in a multi-antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 4, the transmitter transmits data to the receiver (S110). The transmitter defines a codebook including at least one precoding matrix composed of a plurality of rows and columns, or precodes an input symbol by using a defined codebook to transmit a precoded symbol, that is, data. In this case, the codebook may be defined in various types. The type of codebook will be described later.

The transmitter may include a scheduler, a channel encoder / mapper, a MIMO encoder and an OFDM modulator. The transmitter may include Nt (Nt> 1) transmit antennas. The transmitter may be part of a base station in downlink and may be part of a terminal in uplink.

The scheduler receives data from N users and outputs K streams to be transmitted at one time. The scheduler uses the channel information of each user to determine a user and a transmission rate to transmit to available radio resources. The scheduler extracts channel information from feedback data and selects a code rate, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and the like. The feedback data for the operation of the MIMO system may include control information such as channel quality indicator (CQI), channel state information (CSI), channel covariance matrix, precoding weight, channel rank, and the like. The CSI includes a channel matrix, a channel correlation matrix, a quantized channel matrix, or a quantized channel correlation matrix between transceivers. CQI includes signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), etc. between transceivers.

Available radio resources allocated by the scheduler mean radio resources used for data transmission in a wireless communication system. For example, in a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, each time slot is a resource, in a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, each code and time slot are resources, and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) In the system, each subcarrier and timeslot is a resource. In order not to cause interference to other users in the same cell or sector, each resource may be defined orthogonally in a time, code or frequency domain.

The channel encoder / mapper encodes the input stream according to a predetermined coding scheme to form coded data and maps the coded data to symbols representing positions on a signal constellation. The MIMO encoder performs precoding on the input symbol. Precoding is a technique for performing preprocessing on a symbol to be transmitted. Among the precoding techniques, there is a random beamforming (RBF), a zero forcing beamforming (ZFBF), and the like, which generate a symbol by applying a weight vector or a precoding matrix. As a precoding technique, codebook based precoding using a predetermined codebook set may be used. The OFDM modulator allocates the incoming symbols to the appropriate subcarriers and transmits them through the transmit antenna.

The receiver transmits feedback data for data received from the transmitter (S120). The receiver may include an OFDM demodulator, a channel estimator, a MIMO decoder, a channel decoder / demapper and a feedback information obtainer. The receiver may include Nr (Nr> 1) receive antennas. The receiver may be part of the terminal in downlink and may be part of a base station in uplink.

The signal received from the receiving antenna is demodulated by the OFDM demodulator, the channel estimator estimates the channel, and the MIMO decoder performs post processing corresponding to the MIMO encoder. The decoder / demapper demaps the input symbol into encoded data and decodes the encoded data to restore the original data. The feedback information obtainer generates user information including CSI, CQI, PMI, and the like. The generated user information is composed of feedback data and transmitted to the transmitter.

<Return data of MIMO-OFDM system>

Control information such as CQI, CSI, channel covariance matrix, precoding weight and channel rank is required for the operation of the MIMO-OFDM system. In a frequency division duplex (FDD) system, the receiver reports this information on the feedback channel. In a time division duplex (TDD) system, information to be used for downlink transmission may be obtained by estimating an uplink channel using a reciprocity characteristic of a channel.

CQI is required for resource allocation and link adaptation, and SNR / SINR may be used as the CQI. SNR / SINR may be quantized at 1.89 dB intervals of 16 levels and defined as 4-bit CQI. The receiver quantizes the SNR / SINR and then reports the defined CQI index to the transmitter. In addition, up to two codewords (CW) may be supported when the MIMO technique is used. That is, for transmission of rank 2 or more, the CQIs of the first CW and the second CW should be reported to the transmitter. The first CW may be represented by 4 bits and the second CW may be represented by 3 bits as a difference value with respect to the first CW.

The precoding technique is a MIMO technique that preprocesses and transmits a transmission data string using preprocessing weights. Equation 9 shows a precoding scheme for preprocessing a transmission data string x using preprocessing weights.

Where W (i) represents the precoding matrix. As the preprocessed transmission data string y, a diversity matrix D (i) and a DFT matrix U for cyclic delay diversity (CDD) may be applied as shown in Equation (10).

D (i) and U may be determined according to the transport layer.

Equation 11 shows an example of generating a precoding matrix W (i) according to the rank.

Here, C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , and C ₄ represent precoding matrices corresponding to precoder indexes 12, 13, 14, and 15, and ν represents a rank (transport layer).

Table 1 shows examples of a delay matrix D (i) and a DFT matrix U for cyclic delay diversity (CDD) applied according to a transport layer.

According to a method of generating precoding weights, the method may be classified into zero forcing beamforming, eigen beamforming, and codebook based precoding. To apply each technique, CSI, channel variance matrix, codebook index, etc. are required. In the existing system, codebook based precoding for two antennas (2Tx) and four antennas (4Tx) MIMO transmission is supported for downlink transmission. For this purpose, each codebook for 2Tx / 4Tx transmission is defined.

In codebook based precoding, the receiver has several predetermined precoding matrices, and uses the signal transmitted from the transmitter to estimate the channel and determine the precoding matrix most similar to the estimated channel state. The receiver returns to the index (PMI) transmitter of the determined precoding matrix. The transmitter selects a codebook suitable for the returned precoding matrix and transmits the data. In codebook-based precoding, only the PMI is transmitted, which greatly reduces the amount of feedback data. In codebook-based precoding schemes, performance of the system varies depending on how the codebook is constructed, the type of codebook, and the size of the codebook. In the codebook-based precoding scheme, if the codebook does not sufficiently display the channel state, performance degradation may occur. However, as the size of the codebook is increased, the channel state may sufficiently indicate the channel state, thereby approaching the optimal performance.

<Closed Loop MIMO>

The method of using precoding weight similar to the channel according to the channel situation is called closed-loop MIMO method, and the method of using precoding weight according to a certain rule regardless of the channel condition is open-loop. It is called MIMO method.

The amount of precoding weights reported by the receiver for closed loop MIMO may vary according to frequency unit, reporting period, and the like. The frequency unit may be defined as a frequency range to which one precoding weight is applied, and according to the frequency range, a system bandwidth may be defined as a wideband band (Wideband, WB), subband (SB), or bestband. , BB) may be divided into frequency units. The subband may include at least one subcarrier, and the wideband band may include at least one subband. The best band means a band having a good channel condition according to channel measurement at the receiver. In codebook-based precoding, the defined PMI is returned, and may be defined as WB PMI, SB PMI, or BB PMI according to the range to which the PMI is applied. Among the defined precoding matrices, a PMI that can maximize the average throughput of a certain band of resources is selected. The narrower the range applied, the better the precoding weight.

When a contiguous bundle of 12 subcarriers is called a resource block, the system bandwidth and subbands may be expressed in basic units. Table 2 shows an example of expressing a system bandwidth and a subband based on resource blocks.

The wideband band (WB) may be defined as the system bandwidth, and may be determined as the largest unit for calculating the CQI. The subband may be defined as contiguous k resource blocks and may be determined as the minimum unit for calculating the CQI. The number of best bands may be determined differently according to the system bandwidth.

Different subband sizes may be defined according to the system bandwidth. The same size value may be used for the CQI calculation range and the PMI application range. 24, a CQI calculation and a PMI application method will be described using a system having a resource block as an example.

(1) When transmitting WB CQI / WB PMI, the receiver selects a PMI that can maximize the average throughput of 24 resource blocks, and calculates an average CQI of 24 resource blocks by applying the selected PMI. . The receiver can obtain one WB CQI and one WB PMI.

(2) When transmitting the SB CQI / SB PMI, the receiver selects the PMI for subbands consisting of 2 resource blocks and calculates an average CQI. The receiver can obtain 12 SB CQIs and 12 SB PMIs.

(3) In case of transmitting the SB CQI / WB PMI, the receiver selects a PMI that can maximize the average throughput of 24 resource blocks, and calculates an average CQI in units of 2 resource blocks using the PMI (12). CQIs / 1 PMI). The receiver can obtain 12 SB CQIs and one WB PMI.

(4) In case of transmitting WB CQI / SB PMI, the receiver selects PMI in units of 2 resource blocks and calculates average CQI of 24 resource blocks by applying the selected PMIs. The receiver can obtain one WB CQI and 12 SB PMIs.

(5) In case of transmitting Best M average CQI / PMI and WB CQI / PMI, the receiver selects three subbands with the highest throughput among the subbands in units of two resource blocks and selects the best band (2 × 3 = 6RB). The PMI is selected and the average CQI of the best band is calculated, the PMI is selected for the full-band 24 resource block and the CQI is calculated.

<Opportunistic beamforming>

Considering the scheduling of allocating resources to the users whose channel situation is near the highest point, multi-user diversity gain is reduced when the channel of each user is a static channel situation with a slow change. This static channel situation is called an opportunistic beamforming technique that increases the multi-user gain by making the channel condition change faster and larger through spatial signal processing. By applying the opportunistic beamforming technique, the base station can obtain the effect of forming a beam in an irregular direction by using a precoding weight having irregular size and phase for each antenna. This changes the channel status of each user more dynamically. Therefore, in the case of a channel with a slow changing channel, using the opportunistic beamforming technique and the scheduling technique at the same time, a greater multiuser diversity gain can be obtained. In addition, in the OFDMA system, different precoding weights can be applied for each frequency resource, and scheduling gain can be obtained by making a frequency flat channel into a frequency selective channel. Frequency resources in an OFDMA system include a subblock, a resource block, a subcarrier, and the like.

The codebook-based precoding scheme has the advantage of reducing the overhead due to feedback data by selecting a precoding matrix that is most similar to the channel condition among the predetermined precoding matrices and reporting the PMI, but the codebook may represent a spatial channel. Since the number of transmitting antennas increases, the codebook should be composed of more codebook sets. As the number of transmission antennas increases, it becomes difficult to design a codebook, and as the size of the codebook increases, the overhead of feedback data may increase.

<Uplink Codebook Design>

Now, a method of configuring an uplink codebook for an increased transmission antenna of a terminal will be described. A method of generating a 4Tx rank 3 codebook used when the terminal transmits data in rank 3 using four transmission antennas will be described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to the number of antennas and the number of ranks.

5 illustrates an example of a type of 4Tx rank 3 codebook according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5, a codebook supporting at least two ranks through a plurality of antennas includes at least one precoding matrix including a plurality of rows and columns. The 4Tx rank 3 codebook includes at least one precoding matrix in the form of 4 × 3 (row × column). The 4Tx rank 3 codebook may be classified into three types according to a distribution of zero elements included in columns or rows of the precoding matrix. Codebook type 1 refers to a codebook that includes a precoding matrix in which all elements are composed of non-zero elements. Codebook type 2 refers to a codebook that includes a precoding matrix in which one column consists of only non-zero elements and the remaining columns include at least one zero element. Codebook type 3 means a codebook that includes a precoding matrix that includes at least one zero element in every column. Here, elements a to l of the precoding matrix may be expressed as complex values. In order to match the strengths of the signals transmitted from the four transmit antennas, a first power normalization factor 1/2 of the antenna power may be applied to the 4Tx rank 3 codebook. That is, each precoding matrix included in the 4Tx rank 3 codebook may be normalized to 1/2. The first normalization factor may be a power normalization factor depending on the number of antennas.

The number of nonzero elements included in each row of the precoding matrix is different for each type of codebook, and a second normalization factor of antenna power may be applied according to the number of nonzero elements. In the case of codebook type 1, since the non-zero element is included in each row of the precoding matrix, the second normalization factor √ (1/3) (that is, root (1/3)) may be applied. In the case of codebook type 2, since two non-zero elements are included in each row of the precoding matrix, a second normalization factor √ (1/2) (that is, root (1/2)) may be applied. In the codebook type 3, since a non-zero element is included in each row of the precoding matrix, a second normalization factor √ (1/1) (that is, root (1/1)) may be applied. The second normalization factor may be a power normalization factor according to the type of codebook.

Type 1 of the 4Tx rank 3 codebook to which the first normalization factor and the second normalization factor are applied may be represented by Equation 12, codebook type 2 may be represented by Equation 13, and codebook type 3 is represented by Equation 14 It can be expressed as

In the case of using codebook type 1, high spatial diversity gain can be obtained because data can be transmitted through four antennas per layer. However, transmission symbols may be added by elements of a row of codebooks to increase the PAPR. When using codebook type 3, the spatial diversity gain is low, but low PAPR can be maintained because no transmission symbols are added by the elements of the row of codebooks. When using codebook type 2, it may have a slightly higher PAPR while gaining spatial diversity gain. Accordingly, codebook type 3 may be referred to as a cubic metric preserving (CMP) codebook to maintain a low cubic metric (CM). Codebook type 2 is a cubic metric friendly (CMF) codebook that has a slightly higher CM but can increase spatial diversity gain.

Hereinafter, a method of configuring 4Tx rank 3 codebook types 1 to 3 will be described.

<4Tx Rank 3 Codebook Type 1>

Rank 3 uplink transmission is likely to be selected in high geometry situations. Therefore, the terminal can transmit a signal with a low transmission power, and can be free to limit the transmission power. However, when considering the transmission of a wide bandwidth (wider bandwidth) or simultaneous transmission of data and control signals, each channel may be in a situation where transmission power is limited. Therefore, in the rank 3 transmission, the power limit situation and the situation where the power is not limited should be properly considered.

The rank 3 codebook for downlink is configured such that all elements of each column are composed of nonzero elements, and signals are transmitted at the same transmission power in each layer. Therefore, data transmission of the same transmission power is possible in each layer.

A rank 3 codebook for uplink may be configured by selecting some precoding matrices included in the downlink rank 3 codebook. For example, an uplink 4Tx rank 3 codebook type 1 may be configured based on a downlink 4Tx rank 3 codebook. The uplink 4Tx rank 3 codebook may be configured by first selecting a precoding matrix composed of QPSK and / or a precoding matrix having even negative numbers from among precoding matrices included in the downlink 4Tx rank 3 codebook. In constructing the codebook, using as few alphabets as possible is advantageous in terms of calculation complexity, and the codebook in the form of DFT ensures maximum orthogonality between layers. For example, in the downlink 4Tx rank 3 codebook, the precoding matrix having indexes 0, 2, 8, and 10 is composed of 1 and -1 and has an even number of elements having negative signs in one column.

Table 3 shows an example of an uplink 4Tx rank 3 codebook selected based on a downlink 4Tx rank 3 codebook. Eight precoding matrices (index 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 12, 13) consisting of 1, -1, j, -j in downlink 4Tx rank 3 codebook are uplink 4Tx rank 3 codebook If it is selected.

Table 4 shows another example of an uplink 4Tx rank 3 codebook selected based on a downlink 4Tx rank 3 codebook. Eight precoding matrices (index 9, 3, 0, 2, 8, 10, 11, 15) consisting of 1, -1, j, -j in downlink 4Tx rank 3 codebook are uplink 4Tx rank 3 codebook If it is selected.

In the downlink 4Tx rank 3 codebook, six precoding matrices (indexes 0, 2, 8, 10, 12, and 13) consisting of 1 and -1 may be selected as the uplink 4Tx rank 3 codebook.

The 4Tx rank 3 codebook type 1 configured as described above may be usefully used to increase spatial multiplexing performance in a low speed environment.

<4Tx Rank 3 Codebook Type 2>

6 illustrates a method of constructing a 4Tx rank 3 codebook according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 6, in constructing a 4Tx rank 3 codebook type 2, a method of configuring a codebook orthogonal to each other is provided. In codebook type 2, the first column consists of only nonzero elements, and the second and third columns contain two nonzero elements (or nonzero elements) in different rows. The switching of positions between a column consisting only of nonzero elements and a column containing zero elements may be regarded as the same matrix. In the following description, positions of elements of a codebook or precoding matrix are represented by (rows and columns).

The second and third columns may be configured in the form of codebooks used in 4Tx rank 2 transmissions. Here, in the second column, the element of (1,2) has the value 1, the element of (2,2) has the value a, and in the third column the element of (3,3) has the value 1 (4, Assume that element of 3) has b value. In this case, a and b may be represented as complex values.

The first column, consisting of only nonzero elements, is constructed as follows to establish orthogonality with the second and third columns containing elements that are zero.

(1) Nonzero elements of the second and third columns are inserted into the row at the same position of the first column. In this case, a and b may be inserted by multiplying a negative value. That is, in a column including an element of 0, the element of the first row of the non-zero element may be left as it is, and the element of the second row may be multiplied by a negative value and inserted into a column consisting of only non-zero elements.

(2) When the nonzero elements of the second and third columns are inserted into rows of the same position in the first column, a is multiplied by a negative value and b is inserted as it is, while other nonzeros in the column containing b A negative value may be multiplied by the element (ex, 1) and inserted. That is, in a column that contains nonzero elements in a row that is relatively nonzero, the second nonzero element is multiplied by a negative value, and nonzero elements in a relatively lower row. In an included column, the first nonzero element is multiplied by a negative value so that it can be inserted into a column consisting of only nonzero elements.

(3) When non-zero elements of the second and third columns are inserted into the rows of the same position of the first column, the complex value j can be inserted. It can be expressed as a complex value j = exp (j × π / 2). In columns that contain nonzero elements, the nonzero element is included in the row above, and the second nonzero element is multiplied by a negative value, and the nonzero element is included in the row below it. In a column, j is multiplied by the first nonzero element and -j is multiplied by the second nonzero element so that it can be inserted into a column consisting of only nonzero elements.

(4) When non-zero elements of the second and third columns are inserted into the rows of the same position of the first column, the complex value j can be inserted. In columns that contain nonzero elements, the nonzero element is included in the row above, and the second nonzero element is multiplied by a negative value, and the nonzero element is included in the row below it. In a column, -j is multiplied by the first nonzero element and j is multiplied by the second nonzero element so that it can be inserted into a column consisting of only nonzero elements.

As such, a 4Tx rank 3 codebook type 2 orthogonal to each layer may be configured by inserting nonzero elements of the second and third columns into the elements of the first column.

Meanwhile, the second and third columns may be configured in the form of a codebook used in 4Tx rank 2 transmission. The configuration of the 4Tx rank 3 codebook according to the type of the 4Tx rank 2 codebook will be described.

The 4Tx rank 2 codebook may be expressed as Equation 15. The 4Tx Rank 2 codebook can be expressed in three types according to the arrangement of the elements included.

Here, a to h may be a complex value as a non-zero element, and may be expressed by being limited to QPSK or 8PSK. The 4Tx rank 2 codebook may be column permutated, which may be expressed as Equation 16 below.

Equations 15 and 16, which are column permutation relations, may be regarded as equivalent matrices. Column permutation may be implemented by layer permutation or layer shift in a multi-antenna system considering multiple codewords.

When a to h are represented by QPSK in Equation 15, the 4Tx rank 2 codebook may be configured as shown in Table 5.

The 4Tx rank 2 codebook types 1 to 3 each include 16 precoding matrices, and may be indicated by precoding matrix indexes (PMI) 1 to 16. The 4Tx rank 2 codebook may consist of a combination of some precoding matrices included in each type. For example, a 4Tx rank 2 codebook may be constructed by selecting eight from type 1, four from type 2 and four from type 3 precoding matrices. Precoding matrix of indexes 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14 in type 1, precoding matrix of indexes 1, 2, 5, 6 in type 2, index 3, 4, 7, in type 3 A precoding matrix of 8 may be selected, which is called codebook set A. Or a precoding matrix of indexes 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14 in type 1, a precoding matrix of indexes 1, 2, 5, 6 in type 2, and 1, 2, 5 in type 3 , A precoding matrix of 6 can be selected, which is referred to as codebook set B.

As described above, the 4Tx rank 3 codebook may be configured by using the above-described method of configuring the 4Tx rank 3 codebook based on the configured 4Tx rank 2 codebook sets A and B.

Table 6 shows a 4Tx Rank 3 codebook set constructed from 4Tx Rank 2 codebooks. This is a case where 6 precoding matrices are included in a 4Tx rank 3 codebook.

According to the method proposed in Table 6, the 4Tx rank 3 codebook set A-1 may be represented by precoding matrices such as Equation 17.

In addition, the 4Tx rank 3 codebook sets A-2 and B-1 to B-6 also consist of six precoding matrices generated according to the proposed method.

When eight precoding matrices are included in the 4Tx rank 3 codebook, the 4Tx rank 3 codebook set may be configured as shown in Table 7.

The combination type of the 4Tx rank 2 codebook, the number of precoding matrices included in the 4Tx rank 3 codebook, and the like are merely examples and are not limited. The 4Tx rank 3 codebook may consist of various numbers of various combinations of precoding matrices.

7 illustrates power allocation using a 4Tx rank 3 codebook in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 7, in using the 4Tx rank 3 codebook, non-uniform power may be allocated for each column of the precoding matrix. In the 4Tx rank 3 codebook, a relatively low power may be allocated to a column without an element of zero, and a relatively high power may be allocated to a column into which a zero element is inserted.

For example, in the 4Tx rank 3 codebook type 2, a relatively lower power may be allocated than the remaining columns containing the element with zero being the first column containing only non-zero elements. In order to ensure that the signal is transmitted at the same level of power in each layer, the column containing only non-zero elements is 1/3 of the power, and the column containing zero elements is 2/3 of the power. Can be. The signal of the first layer mapped to the first column has 1/3 * 1/4 power per element, but is transmitted at 1/3 power since it is transmitted through four antennas. The signals of the second and third layers mapped to the second and third columns have power of 2/3 * 1/4 per element, but are transmitted at 1/3 power since they are transmitted through two antennas. In this way, different powers may be allocated for each column according to a ratio of zero elements or non-zero elements included in the columns of the precoding matrix so that the power of the transmitted signal is the same for each layer.

<4Tx Rank 3 Codebook Type 3>

The 4Tx rank 3 codebook type 3 consists of one column vector that selects and combines any two rows of four rows and two column vectors that selects only any one row of four rows. A column vector that selects and combines any two rows refers to a column that contains two nonzero elements, and a column vector that selects any one row only means a column that contains one nonzero element. do. In this case, non-zero elements of each column are located in different rows. That is, rank 3 codebook type 3 consists of a column consisting of an antenna combining vector for combining a plurality of antennas and a column consisting of an antenna selection vector for selecting any one of a plurality of antennas. The 4Tx Rank 3 codebook type 3 can be used to maintain low PAPR.

Assume that the first column contains two nonzero elements, and the second and third columns contain one nonzero element. The first column may be composed of antenna coupling vectors, and the second and third columns may be composed of antenna selection vectors. The antenna coupling vector selects two antennas from four antennas, and consists of combining antennas such as antenna numbers (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), and (3,4). Can be. In the antenna coupling vector, 1 may be inserted in the upper row of the non-zero element and any one of the QPSK elements 1, -1, j, and -j may be inserted in the lower row. The column position of the antenna coupling vector and the column position of the antenna selection vector are not limited. And a column switch between antenna selection vector columns may be considered equivalent.

In a 4Tx Rank 3 codebook type 3, the antenna coupling vector may be based on the alphabet consisting of 1 or -1. In configuring a 4Tx rank 3 codebook, when a precoding matrix including an antenna combining vector is used, a precoding matrix including two orthogonal vectors may be included in the 4Tx rank 3 codebook. For example, a second vector among the non-zero elements of the antenna coupling vector may be multiplied by a negative sign to form two orthogonal vectors.

Table 8 shows an example of a 4Tx rank 3 codebook type 3 containing orthogonal antenna coupling vectors.

In constructing the 4Tx rank 3 codebook type 3 precoding matrix, a chordal distance according to an element value in a column including non-zero elements may be considered.

(1) Codal distance is not affected by the value of an element in a column with one nonzero element.

Table 9 shows an example of codal distances according to element values of a column including one non-zero element in 4Tx Rank 3 codebook type 3.

(2) In the codebooks having the same element value, the codal distance of a codebook set consisting of thermal switches is 0 (no distance).

Table 10 shows an example of codal distance according to the thermal switch.

(3) Codal distance can be determined according to the element value of a column containing two non-zero elements.

Assuming the element values have a QPSK phase in a column containing two non-zero elements, the codal distances with changing elements are described. Table 11 shows an example of codebook type 3 for 4Tx rank 3 transmission.

For codebook type 3, nonzero elements in a column of one nonzero element are located in a row that contains zero elements in a column of two nonzero elements. Since a column with only one nonzero element does not affect the codal distance of the codebook set, a column with only one nonzero element may include any element value. Rows with only one non-zero element can be thermal switches of each other, which does not affect the codal distance. Thus, in codebook type 3 the codal distance may be determined according to a column containing two non-zero elements.

Table 12 shows the nonzero elements of a column containing two nonzero elements as 2x1 vectors.

The elements of the vector can have any value. For example, the elements of the vector may have a phase value of QPSK or BPSK. Assume that each element has a phase of QPSK in order to calculate the codal distance between two vectors. And let's fix the first row of the first vector to 1 to limit the number of cases. Any value can be used as a normalization factor for the vector.

Tables 13 to 16 show an example of codal distance between the first vector and the second vector. Here, the vector is normalized to 1 / sqrt (4) and represents a codal distance '0' = 0, '3' = 1 / sqrt (8), and '5' = 1/2.

As above, it can be seen that the orthogonal vector has a maximum codal distance. In Tables 13 to 16, the vector set having the maximum codal distance 5 may be represented as in Table 17.

In constructing the codebook, when 1 is always located in the first row and elements of the QPSK phase are located in the second row, the 16 vector sets of Table 17 may be represented as shown in Table 18.

4Tx transmission may be used to improve the performance of uplink transmission, and precoded spatial multiplexing may be used to increase spatial multiplexing performance in a low speed environment. The uplink system is designed to have a low PAPR because the signal may be distorted depending on the power amplifier of the terminal in the uplink. This environment can be taken into account when designing codebooks. That is, in the codebook configuration, a codebook of a cubic metric preserving (CMP) or a cubic metric friendly (CMF) type may be configured.

In configuring the CMP to support rank 3, it may be considered that two codewords are mapped to three layers. One of the three columns, that is, a column to which one layer is mapped to one codeword is composed of an antenna selection vector, and a precoding matrix consisting of the remaining columns to which two layers are mapped to one codeword is Diversity by antenna selection is selected to be large. That is, a column vector having one non-zero element is mapped to a layer having one codeword, which may be an antenna selection vector for selecting antennas 1 to 4. FIG. For example, a column vector having one non-zero element may be composed of a vector such as [1000] ^T , [0100] ^T , [0010] ^T , and [0001] ^T. One column among the column vectors for a codeword to which two layers are mapped in the weight matrix having three columns may be configured as an antenna selection vector. The antenna selection vector selects an antenna different from the antenna selected in the column mapped to the codeword having one layer. Any one of the column vectors for the codeword to which two layers are mapped may be configured as a vector combining two antennas. The elements of the vector for antenna coupling can have any phase value. For example, the elements of the vector may be represented by the phase of QPSK or BPSK. Either one of the two elements of the vector for antenna coupling can always be expressed as a fixed value. '1' may always be mapped to an element of an upper row (or a row of a lower index) of two elements. The size of the two elements can be normalized to an appropriate size. For example, each column may be normalized to a value of 1 / sqrt (2) so that the columns of the vector for antenna coupling have power equal to the other columns.

In this way, since the codal distance of the codebook set configured may be determined according to the relationship between the columns including two non-zero elements, the codal distance is configured to be the maximum when determining two non-zero elements. For example, as shown in Table 17, a codebook set may be configured to have a maximum codal distance using 16 sets of orthogonal vectors. If any of the non-zero elements have a fixed phase, the codebook set may be configured to maximize the codal distance using four sets of orthogonal vectors. For example, as shown in Table 18, 1 may always be located in the first row and elements of the QPSK phase may be located in the second row.

Meanwhile, a codebook set having a distance smaller than the maximum codal distance may also be configured. Table 19 shows an example of a codebook set having a distance smaller than the maximum codal distance.

Assume that a first codeword is mapped to a first layer and a second codeword is mapped to a second layer and a third layer. In this case, the first layer is mapped to the first column, the second layer is mapped to the second column, and the third layer is mapped to the third column. Since the second layer and the third layer are mapped to one codeword, the form in which the second column and the third column are switched are equivalent.

Antenna selection vectors are used in the first and second columns or in the third column. Here, codebook sets A to F represent a switching type between antenna selection codebooks. In a column of two non-zero elements, the first element and the second element may have any phase. In codebooks 1 and 2, the third column consists of a set of orthogonal vectors. For example, a value of 1 may always be mapped to the first element of the third column, 1 or -1 may be mapped, or j or -j may be mapped to the second element. That is, it can be expressed as x '{1, -1} or x' {j, -j}.

Tables 20 to 25 show an example of a codebook set in the case of x '{1, -1} or x' {j, -j} in the codebook set of Table 19.

In the codebook sets A to F, a set consisting of x '{1, -1} is called set A, and a set consisting of x' {j, -j} is called set B. That is, set A is {A-1 or A-2}, {B-1 or B-2}, {C-1 or C-2}, {D-1 or D-2}, {E-1 or E-2}, {F-1 or F-2}, set B comprises {A-3 or A-4}, {B-3 or B-4}, {C-3 or C-4} , {D-3 or D-4}, {E-3 or E-4}, {F-3 or F-4}.

Codebooks included in the set A may be selected from one or two of each codebook set A through F. Thus, a set of 64 codebooks with 12 elements from set A can be constructed. Codebooks included in set B may be selected from 3 or 4 of each codebook set A to F, and a set of 64 codebooks having 12 elements from set B may be configured.

Tables 26 through 89 show an example of a codebook set having 12 elements that can be configured from set A.

Codebook sets A to F of Table 19 may be used to construct codebooks using some sets. For example, codebook sets A, B, E, and F can be used. This is merely an example and the number and type of some sets selected are not limited.

Tables 90 to 93 show an example of a codebook set in the case of x '{1, -1} or x' {j, -j} in the codebook sets A, B, E, and F of Table 19.

A set consisting of x '{1, -1} in codebook sets A, B, E and F is called set A', and a set consisting of x '{j, -j} is called set B'. That is, set A 'includes {A-1 or A-2}, {B-1 or B-2}, {E-1 or E-2}, {F-1 or F-2} and the set B 'includes {A-3 or A-4}, {B-3 or B-4}, {E-3 or E-4}, {F-3 or F-4}.

Codebooks included in the set A 'may be selected from 1 or 2 of each codebook set A, B, E, or F, and a set of 16 codebooks having 8 elements from the set A' may be configured. Codebooks included in the set B 'may be selected from 3 or 4 of each codebook set A, B, E, or F, and a set of 16 codebooks having 8 elements from the set B' may be configured.

Tables 94-109 show an example of a codebook set having eight elements that can be configured from set A '.

Codebook sets A, B, C, and D may be used in codebook sets A through F of Table 19. This is merely an example and the number and type of some sets selected are not limited.

Tables 110 to 113 show an example of a codebook set when x 코드 {1, -1} or x∈ {j, -j} in the codebook sets A, B, C, and D of Table 19.

A set consisting of x '{1, -1} in codebook sets A, B, C, and D is called set A ", and a set consisting of x' {j, -j} is called set B". That is, set A "includes {A-1 or A-2}, {B-1 or B-2}, {C-1 or C-2}, {D-1 or D-2} B ″ includes {A-3 or A-4}, {B-3 or B-4}, {C-3 or C-4}, {D-3 or D-4}.

Codebooks included in set A ″ may be selected from 1 or 2 of each codebook set A, B, C, D, and 16 codebook sets having 8 elements from set A ″ may be configured. Codebooks included in the set B ″ may be selected from 3 or 4 of each codebook set A, B, C, or D, and a set of 16 codebooks having 8 elements from the set B ″ may be configured.

Tables 114 through 129 show an example of a codebook set having eight elements that may be configured from set A ″.

As such, any four codebook sets may be selected from the six codebook sets A through F of Table 19. The number of cases for any four codebook sets selected from six codebook sets A through F is 6c4 = 15. A codebook set having eight elements from a set selected from one or two of a codebook set of x∈ {1, -1} in any four codebook sets selected may be constructed. Or a codebook set having eight elements from a set selected from 3 or 4 of the codebook set xx {j, -j} in any of the four selected codebook sets.

Codebook sets A to F of Table 19 may be used to configure codebooks. For example, codebook sets A and F may be used. This is merely an example and the number and type of some sets selected are not limited.

Tables 130 and 131 show an example of a codebook set in the case of x '{1, -1} or x' {j, -j} in the codebook sets A and F of Table 19.

A set consisting of x '{1, -1} in codebook sets A and F is called set A' '', and a set consisting of x '{j, -j} is called set B' ''. That is, set A '' 'includes {A-1 or A-2}, {F-1 or F-2}, and set B' '' includes {A-3 or A-4}, {F- 3 or F-4}.

Codebooks included in the set A '' 'may be selected from 1 or 2 of each codebook set A, F, and four codebook sets having four elements from the set A' '' may be configured. Codebooks included in the set B '' 'may be selected from 3 or 4 of each codebook set A, F, and four codebook sets having four elements from the set B' '' may be configured.

Tables 132-135 show an example of a codebook set having four elements that can be constructed from set A '' '.

Here, in the codebook set having four elements, the second element is represented by x '{1, -1}, but the second element may be composed of x' {j, -j}.

Meanwhile, in constructing a codebook having 12 elements, any two codebook sets may be selected in Table 19, and the second element of the selected codebook set may consist of x∈ {j, -1, -j}. .

Table 136 shows an example of a codebook in which a second element of the selected codebook set consists of x '{j, -1, -j}. In Table 19, codebook sets A and F are selected.

The codebook set may be configured in various ways at the terminal or the base station. The terminal may configure a codebook set. When the terminal may use different types or characteristics of codebooks, the terminal may select and use a specific codebook set. In this case, the terminal may inform the base station of the selected codebook set. When different types or characteristics of codebook sets are constructed, the system may use all codebook sets or only specific codebook sets. When a specific codebook set is used, approval must be made between the base station and the terminal for the codebook set to be used before the codebook set used is applied. To this end, the terminal may select a group of codebook sets that it wants to use and inform the base station. The base station may approve the codebook set selected by the terminal. Alternatively, the base station may inform the terminal of the group of codebook sets to be used. When the terminal informs the base station of the group of codebook sets selected, or when the base station approves for the codebook set selected by the terminal, or when the base station informs the terminal of the group of codebook set to be used by the base station can be made through a specific signaling. . For example, specific signaling may be performed through higher layer signaling such as RRC signaling or through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

Codebook sets of different types or characteristics are defined for downlink transmission (eg House Holder codebook), CM (cubic metric) is slightly higher but CMF codebook to increase spatial diversity, low CM is guaranteed. It can mean a CMP codebook and the like. Codebook sets of different types or characteristics may be used with various types of codebook sets. For example, the CMF codebook and the CMP codebook may be used in combination. Table 137 shows an example of a codebook set in which a CMF codebook and a CMP codebook are combined.

The number of elements included in the CMF codebook and the CMP codebook is only an example, and the number of elements included in each codebook is not limited.

Table 138 shows an example of a codebook set including 12 CMF precoding matrices of size 12.

는 CMF 프리코딩 행렬에 대한 열 벡터를 정상화하기 위한 인자이다. CMF 프리코딩 행렬은 4 CM을 보장할 수 있다.
here,

Is a factor for normalizing the column vector for the CMF precoding matrix. The CMF precoding matrix can guarantee 4 CM.

Assume that a first codeword is mapped to a first layer and a second codeword is mapped to a second layer and a third layer. In this case, the first layer is mapped to the first column, the second layer is mapped to the second column, and the third layer is mapped to the third column.

Unlike the above example, the antenna selection vector may be used in the second column and the third column. Here, codebook sets A to F represent a switching type between antenna selection codebooks. In a column of two non-zero elements, the first element and the second element may have any phase. The first column in the codebook set consists of orthogonal vector sets. For example, a value of 1 may always be mapped to a first element of a first column, and 1 or -1 may be mapped to a second element, or j or -j may be mapped to a second element. When the second element is expressed as x, it can be expressed as x '{1, -1} or x' {j, -j}.

Table 139 shows an example of a codebook set in the case of x '{1, -1} or x' {j, -j}.

Referring to Table 139, A to F are groups each having a plurality of elements according to the value of x. Each group may be composed of four elements when the value of x is QPSK, and may be composed of two elements when the value of x is BPSK. This group can be used to construct a set of codebooks having 8, 12, 16 and 20 elements.

(1) First, a method of constructing a codebook set having eight elements will be described.

A. Select two groups from A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139. Each group selected may consist of QPSK. Tables 140 to 154 show an example of a codebook set having eight elements by selecting two groups.

B. Another way to construct a codebook set of eight elements is to select three groups from A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139. One group of each selected group may be composed of QPSK and the other two groups may be composed of BPSK. Tables 155 to 394 show examples of a codebook set having eight elements by selecting three groups.

C. Another way to construct a codebook set of eight elements is to select four groups from A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139. Each group selected may consist of BPSK.

D. Another method of constructing a codebook set of eight elements is that four groups of A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139 consist of BPSK and the other two groups consist of '1'. can do.

(2) A method of constructing a codebook set having 12 elements will now be described.

A. Select three groups from A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139. Each group selected may consist of QPSK. Tables 395 to 414 below show examples of a codebook set having 12 elements by selecting three groups.

B. Another method of construction of a codebook set of 12 elements is to select four groups from A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139. Of the four selected groups, two groups may be configured as QPSK and the other two groups may be configured as BPSK. Tables 415 through 774 show examples of a codebook set having four elements by selecting four groups.

C. Another method of constructing a codebook set of 12 elements is to select five groups from A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139. One of the five selected groups may be composed of QPSK and the other four groups may be composed of BPSK.

D. Another way of constructing a codebook set of 12 elements is that BPSK can be made up of all six groups of A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139. Tables 775 to 838 show examples of a codebook set having 12 elements that make up all six groups in BPSK.

(3) Now, a method of constructing a codebook set having 16 elements will be described.

A. A method of constructing a codebook set having 16 elements selects four groups from A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139. Each group selected may consist of QPSK. Tables 839 to 853 below show examples of a codebook set having 16 elements by selecting four groups.

B. Another method of constructing a codebook set of 16 elements is to select five groups from A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139. Of the five selected groups, three groups may be configured as QPSK and the other two groups may be configured as BPSK. Tables 854 to 1093 which follow are examples of codebook sets constructed in this manner.

C. Of the groups A, B, C, D, E, and F of Table 139, two groups may be composed of QPSK and the other four groups may be composed of BPSK. The following Tables 1094-1333 show examples of codebook sets constructed in this way.

(4) Now, a method of constructing a codebook set having 20 elements will be described.

A. The method of constructing a codebook set having 20 elements selects five groups from A, B, C, D, E, and F in Table 139. Each group selected may consist of QPSK. Tables 1334 through 1339 show examples of a codebook set having 20 elements by selecting 5 groups.

B. Another method of constructing a codebook set having 20 elements is that four groups of A, B, C, D, E, and F of Table 139 are composed of QPSK, and the other two groups may be composed of BPSK. Tables 1340 to 1399 show examples of codebook sets constructed in this way.

According to the present invention, a rank 3 precoding weight having a PAPR of single antenna transmission using an antenna combining vector combining two antennas using a CDD and an antenna selection vector selecting three antennas among four physical antennas. can be used to construct weights.

The transmitter transmits a codeword through a physical antenna through encoding, modulation, layer mapping, DFT, precoding, resource mapping, and OFDM signal generation. The input of the precoder included in such a transmitter is X (i) = [x ⁽⁰⁾ (i) x ⁽¹⁾ (i) x ⁽²⁾ (i)] ^T , and the output of the precoder is Y (i Suppose that == y ⁽⁰⁾ (i) y ⁽¹⁾ (i) y ⁽²⁾ (i) y ⁽³⁾ (i)] ^T. When the precoding weight of the precoder is expressed as W (i), it can be expressed as Y (i) = W (i) .X (i). In this case, W (i) may be represented by Equation 18 below.

Here, P _k = P _3k , k = mod (s, 6), k = 1, ..., 6, s means a symbol or slot index.

Here, the permutation vector P _3k is shown in the following table.

In addition, C (i) is as follows.

In Table 1401, α is a power scaling factor, and may have a value of {1, 1/2, 1 / √2 (ie, 1 / root 2)}. a and b are power scaling factors and may have any one of {1, 1/2, 1 / √2 (ie, 1 / root 2)}. exp (jθ _k ) can have complex values, for example {1, (1 + j) / 2, j, (-1 + j) / 2, -1, (-1-j) / for 8PSK 2, -j, (1-j) / 2}, {1, -1, j, -j} for QPSK, {1, -1} or {j, -j for BPSK } Can have a value.

In Table 1401, C ₃₁ , C ₃₂ , C ₃₃ , C ₃₄ , C ₃₅ , and C ₃₆ correspond to the A, B, C, D, E, and F groups of Table 139 described above, respectively. Accordingly, elements of the A, B, C, D, E, and F groups may be combined with a permutation vector to form a precoding weight. A signal is transmitted through an antenna in which two virtual antennas are combined by using one of the antenna combining matrices of Table 1401, and layer swapping is performed on a symbol or slot basis using the permutation matrix of Table 1400. This allows the virtual antenna to experience an average spatial channel.

In the case of multi-codeword transmission, by using different antenna combining matrix and permutation matrix on a symbol or slot basis, each codeword can experience the channels of all antennas. It is also possible to use fixed antenna coupling matrices and different permutation matrices in symbols or slots. For example, when the C ₂₁ matrix is used, antennas 1 and 2 are combined to transmit data of three virtual antennas through antennas (1, 2), 3, and 4. The permutation matrix allows each virtual antenna to experience the channels of physical antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4. When three codewords are mapped to each layer, each codeword can experience the channel of physical antennas one to four times. This may be expressed as Equation 19 below.

In equation (19), P _k = P _3k , k = mod (s, 6), k = 1, ..., 6. s means symbol or slot index. C means using the same precoding weight regardless of each symbol index. For example, when C = C ₂₁ is used, P _k is given by the following table 1402.

The permutation matrix may use only a subset. For example, in a system having two codewords, codeword 1 is mapped to the first layer, and codeword 2 is mapped to two layers (for example, the second layer and the third layer), and (P31, P33, P35) Using three matrices, codeword 1 is (1, 2), physical antenna # 3, codeword 2 is 3 or 4, (1,2) or 4, (1,2) or 3 channels You can experience

This case is expressed as an equation.

Here, P ₁ = P ₃₁ , P ₂ = P ₃₃ , P ₃ = P ₃₅ , and k = mod (s, 3), k = 1, ..., 3. s means symbol or slot index. C = C ₂₁ . P ₃₁ , P ₃₃ and P ₃₅ are shown in the following table.

For another example, suppose that in a system with two codewords, codeword 1 is mapped to the first layer, and codeword 2 is mapped to two layers (eg, the second and third layers), (P _31, P _34, P ₃₅₎ by using the three matrices can experience each code word is 1, 2, 3, and 4 channels of the physical antenna. This case is expressed as an equation.

Where P ₁ = P ₃₁ , P ₂ = P ₃₄ , P ₃ = P ₃₅ , and k = mod (s, 3), k = 1, ..., 3. s means symbol or slot index.

In the present invention, an example in which each codeword experiences a channel of a physical antenna using a permutation matrix is illustrated, but this is not limited to using a permutation matrix. The method may also include a method according to a specific rule of changing a column in which a symbol string is mapped in units of time.

8 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a terminal.

Referring to FIG. 8, the terminal 50 includes a processor 51, a memory 52, an RF unit 53, a display unit 54, and a user interface unit u.

er interface unit, 55). The terminal 50 may be provided with a plurality of transmission antennas.

The processor 51 implements the layers of the air interface protocol to provide a control plane and a user plane. The functions of each layer may be implemented through the processor 51. The processor 51 may implement the proposed precoding scheme. The memory 52 is connected to the processor 51 to store a terminal driving system, an application, and a general file. The memory 52 may store a codebook defined to support codebook based precoding. The display unit 54 displays various information of the terminal, and may use well-known elements such as liquid crystal display (LCD) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED). The user interface unit 55 may be a combination of a well-known user interface such as a keypad or a touch screen. The RF unit 53 is connected to the processor 51 and transmits and / or receives a radio signal.

Layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network are based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, which is well known in communication systems. (Second layer) and L3 (third layer). Among these, the physical layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and a radio resource control (RRC) layer located in the third layer may be connected to the terminal. It controls radio resources between networks. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the network.

All of the above functions may be performed by a processor such as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or the like according to software or program code coded to perform the function. The design, development and implementation of the code will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the description of the present invention.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified and changed in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. I can understand. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the present invention will include all embodiments within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (32)

delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete In the multi-antenna system, a transmitter transmits a signal.
Performing pre-coding of a signal based on a codebook comprising a plurality of precoding matrices; And
Transmitting a precoded signal using a radio resource,
The precoding matrix is

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Containing
A method of transmitting a signal in a multi-antenna system.
The method of claim 12, wherein the precoding matrix is

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Composed of
A method of transmitting a signal in a multi-antenna system.
The method of claim 12, wherein the radio resource comprises a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) signal
A method of transmitting a signal in a multi-antenna system.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the codebook is a codebook for rank-3 transmission. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the precoded signal is transmitted via four transmit antennas. The method of claim 12, wherein the transmitter transmits a signal in a multi-antenna system implemented in user equipment. In user equipment,
A precoder for pre-coding a signal based on a codebook including a plurality of precoding matrices; And
A transmitter for transmitting a precoded signal using a radio resource,
The precoding matrix is

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Containing
User terminal.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the precoding matrix is

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User terminal consisting of.
19. The user terminal of claim 18, wherein the radio resource comprises a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) signal. 19. The user terminal of claim 18, wherein the codebook is a codebook for rank-3 transmission.
19. The user terminal of claim 18 wherein the precoded signal is transmitted via four transmit antennas. In the multi-antenna system, a transmitter transmits a signal.
Precoding a signal based on a codebook comprising a plurality of precoding matrices, each of the plurality of precoding matrices each comprising a first column comprising two non-zero elements; Performing precoding comprising a second column comprising two non-zero components and a third column comprising one non-zero component; And
Transmitting a precoded signal using a radio resource,
The codebook is a 4-Tx rank 3 codebook, the first column is selected from a set of orthogonal vectors, and each row vector of the precoding matrix is one non-zero component and two A method of transmitting a signal in a multi-antenna system comprising components other than '0'.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the orthogonal vector set is determined based on a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) technique. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein each of the precoding matrices is

A method for transmitting a signal in a multi-antenna system further comprising a normalization factor. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the first column is an antenna combination vecto and the second and third columns are antenna selection vectors. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the codebook consists of twelve different precoding matrices. A user terminal in which a transmitter transmits a signal in a multi-antenna system,
Precoding a signal based on a codebook comprising a plurality of precoding matrices, each of the plurality of precoding matrices each comprising a first column comprising two non-zero elements; A precoder for performing precoding, including a second column comprising two non-zero components and a third column comprising one non-zero component; And
A transmitter for transmitting a precoded signal using a radio resource,
The codebook is a 4-Tx rank 3 codebook, the first column is selected from a set of orthogonal vectors, and each row vector of the precoding matrix is one non-zero component and two User terminal including a component other than '0'.
29. The user terminal of claim 28, wherein the orthogonal vector set is determined based on a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) technique. The method of claim 28, wherein each of the precoding matrices is

The user terminal further comprises a normalization factor (normalization factor) determined by. 29. The user terminal of claim 28 wherein the first column is an antenna combination vecto and the second and third columns are antenna selection vectors. 29. The user terminal of claim 28 wherein the codebook consists of 12 different precoding matrices.

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