KR101048800B1 - Transmissive Display Device - Google Patents

Abstract

A transmissive display element is provided.

The transmissive display device according to the present invention comprises a light source for emitting excitation light; A photonic shutter layer configured to receive the excitation light emitted from the light source and adjust the photonic band gap by an electric field applied from the outside to adjust the transmission intensity of the excitation light; And a fluorescent film that receives the excitation light transmitted through the photonic shutter layer and emits light, and has a efficiency of at least six times that of a TFT-LCD, and has a wavelength of one wavelength capable of exciting the front phosphor with the photonic shutter layer. The principle of operation is simple and economical because only the light is adjusted.

Description

Transmissive Display Device

The present invention relates to a transmissive display device, and more particularly, has a high efficiency, a simple operation principle, a simple structure, a simple process, and a self-luminous vibrancy such as a CRT. The present invention relates to a transmissive light emitting display device capable of realizing full image quality.

Most commercially available displays so far are divided into reflexctive, transmissive, and emissive types according to their light response paths. Known self-emissive displays include cathode ray tubes (CRTs), plasma display panels (PDPs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). As a self-luminous display, despite its superior image quality and long-term dominance in the display market, it is being specified due to its limitations due to its large size and the inability to realize flat panel displays. In addition, PDP, which has recently been used as a wall-mounted TV, is easy to produce with a large area of 40 inches or more despite the advantages of self-luminous and also has low luminous efficiency. Lag in competition with TFT-LCD). In addition, the development of OLED with high efficiency and excellent characteristics as a self-luminous display is known to be able to erode much of the display market occupied by TFT-LCD in the future in the future, but the device manufacturing process using vacuum deposition equipment and polycrystalline silicon Due to the disadvantage that the transistor used is required for large area driving, there is a problem in that it is difficult to replace the TFT-LCD because there is a limit in securing the technology and process cost required for large area.

As a result, TFT-LCDs, which are based on transmissive shutters, which do not emit light, dominate the entire display market, from small size mobile displays to large size wall-mounted TVs. In particular, it is known that TFT-LCD will dominate the display market for the time being due to mature large area technology, image quality comparable to PDP, and technology maturity by various companies' participation. However, despite these technical and industrial advantages, TFT-LCDs are known to be inefficient displays with less than 5% overall display energy efficiency. In particular, TFT-LCDs are known to be inferior to CRT quality due to the limitation of transmissive non-luminescent displays.

In various attempts to improve the efficiency of such a non-luminous display, a photonic crystal display using band gap control is disclosed in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2004-0011621 (hereinafter referred to). In more detail, the cited art discloses a display comprising a material having a refractive index that varies with an electric field and comprising a photonic crystal having a photonic bandgap in a specific frequency region, wherein the cited art describes a color region of the photonic crystal. Reflective display with high reflectance or transmissive display with photonic bandgap adjustment is possible. However, all of the above cited technologies are intended to improve the efficiency of a conventional non-light emitting display such as a TFT-LCD. In particular, in order to implement a specific color, the amount of reflection and the amount of transmission must be controlled and adjusted independently, so that natural colors can be implemented. It is complicated and has a problem of low efficiency. Thus, the known photonic crystal display is a reflective or transmissive display that implements color using a plurality of photonic crystals having photonic bandgaps of different reflection wavelengths depending on the electric field due to the electric field in the three-dimensional photonic crystal structure as in the above-mentioned technology. In this case, the photonic crystal display has a problem of manufacturing a photonic crystal having a different period according to blue, green, and red, and also has a complexity of using different driving voltages and frequencies in order to drive pixels of different colors. The color of the reflected light or transmitted light is greatly changed according to the viewing angle.

In addition, such a photonic crystal display can reflect more than 99% of incident light when the three-dimensional photonic crystal structure is perfected, but in the case of three-dimensional photonic crystal, it is known that only a change in the wavelength of reflected light of about 50 nm is possible. Therefore, although it is possible to reflect the spectrum of red, green, and blue wavelengths when driven in a certain electric field, it is difficult to develop a full-color reflective or transmissive display before the photonic crystal structure causes a crystal-amorphous phase change. There is a need for an optical reinforcement device. That is, the conventional photonic crystal display has reached a level capable of controlling light reflected by electric driving, but does not implement a total color reflective or transmissive display.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a transmissive display device that can effectively implement natural colors, relatively simple operation principle and structure, and simple process.

The present invention to solve the above problems is a light source for emitting excitation light; A photonic shutter layer configured to receive the excitation light emitted from the light source and adjust the photonic band gap by an electric field applied from the outside to adjust the transmission intensity of the excitation light; And It provides a transmissive display device comprising a fluorescent film that receives the excitation light transmitted through the photonic shutter layer to emit light. The photonic shutter layer includes a one-dimensional photonic crystal in which the photonic bandgap is adjusted by an external electric field applied thereto. In one embodiment of the present invention, the photonic shutter layer does not change its refractive index by application of an external electric field. The first photonic crystal layer and the second photonic crystal layer composed of a second photonic crystal layer whose refractive index is changed by the application of an external electric field, wherein the refractive index is changed by selectively swelling or contracting by the application of the external electric field of the second photonic crystal layer.

In one embodiment of the invention the fluorescent film is a transparent substrate; And blue, green, and red phosphors stacked on the transparent substrate to be spaced apart from each other, wherein the dielectric constant ratio of the first photonic crystal layer and the second photonic crystal layer is 1.01 or more and has a period of 5 mm or more. In addition, the excitation light of the light source has a wavelength of 300 to 430 nm, and the second photonic crystal layer may be poly (2-vinyl pyridine), quaternized poly (2-vinyl pyridine), poly (4-vinyl pyridine), or quaternized De poly (4-vinyl pyridine), poly (acrylic acid), poly (methacrylic acid), poly (ethylene oxide), poly (acrylamide), poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly (N-isopropyl Acrylamide). In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, the application of the external electric field is performed by transparent electrodes in contact with the front and rear of the photonic shutter layer, and a black matrix line for preventing color mixing is formed between the red, green, and blue phosphors. . In this case, the black matrix includes at least one compound selected from carbon black, graphite, and black inorganic pigments. In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, the blue phosphor has a center (λ _max ) of wavelengths of light emitted from 420 to 480 nm, and the green phosphor has a center (λ _max ) of wavelengths of emitted light of 490 to 580 nm and the red color. The phosphor has a center (λ _max ) of the wavelength of light that emits light at 580 to 680 nm.

The transmissive photonic shutter display device according to the present invention is a transmissive light emitting display device which uses a very good photonic shutter with a theoretical transmission efficiency of 60% or more, and has an ultraviolet or purple excitation light source system (transmission efficiency of 80%) and the excitation. Since the phosphor that emits light is used (80% efficiency), the overall display efficiency can be predicted to be 30% or more theoretically, and thus it has a efficiency more than 6 times that of a TFT-LCD. In addition, since the photonic shutter controls only one wavelength of light that can excite the front phosphor, the operation principle is simple, and the structure of the photonic shutter and the entire display is simpler than the conventional display, and the manufacturing process of the photonic shutter and the fluorescent film is simple. Not only is it easy to increase the area, but the cost of the manufacturing line is estimated at the CRT line level. In addition, compared to a transmissive display such as a TFT-LCD, vivid image quality such as CRT can be obtained by color realization by self-luminescence of a phosphor full of vibrancy.

The transmissive light emitting display device according to an embodiment of the present invention controls the wavelength of the photonic bandgap by controlling the refractive index by adjusting the distance between the materials constituting the one-dimensional photonic crystal by an electric field to emit from the light source (backlight) at the rear side. It is a trans-emissive display device having a new concept of realizing a full color self-luminous image by exciting red, green, and blue fluorescent films located on the front surface of the photonic crystal device by controlling the transmission and reflection of the excitation light.

Particularly, in one embodiment of the present invention, the photonic shutter layer includes a one-dimensional photonic crystal material in which the photonic bandgap of the reflected spectrum is changed because the refractive index is changed by changing the distance in one dimension according to the electric field; And a plurality of transparent electrodes disposed on both sides of the photonic shutter layer and to which a voltage is applied. The size of the band gap of the photonic crystal is controlled by a voltage applied between the transparent electrodes to transmit or reflect the wavelength of the excitation light generated from the light source and incident on the photonic shutter layer, and the light passing through the photonic shutter layer. By the phosphor of the fluorescent film provided on the front of the photonic shutter layer is excited to emit light of a desired color at a desired intensity. That is, the transmissive display device according to the present invention is a light source that emits light of ultraviolet or purple excitation wavelengths that can excite blue, red, and green phosphors, which are front-side light emitting materials, behind the photonic shutter layer having a specific wavelength. ); A photonic shutter layer receiving the excitation light from the light source and reflecting or transmitting the excitation light; And a fluorescent film including red, green, and blue phosphors patterned on the entire surface of the photonic shutter layer to emit light by excitation light. The transmissive display device according to the present invention may further include an optical film for uniformly dispersing excitation light between the light source and the photonic shutter layer. In addition, the fluorescent film may include blue, red, and green unit pixels stacked on the transparent layer and a black matrix line provided between the blue, green, and red phosphors to prevent color mixing.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the photonic shutter layer is configured perpendicular to the two-dimensional surface, and it is preferable to implement insulation spacers between pixels in order to separate electrical driving and spatial arrangement by separating pixel units.

In the present invention, the photonic shutter layer may adjust the transmittance by reflecting at a frequency of the wavelength of the excitation light in one wavelength region or transmitting only the excitation light. By controlling the amount of light emitted from the red and green fluorescent film pixels, colors can be realized.

Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that transparent substrates coated with a pattern of transparent electrodes capable of independently applying an arbitrary electric field to each of the transmissive photonic shutter layers are attached to both surfaces of the photonic crystals. In an embodiment of the present invention, the photonic bandgap of the photonic shutter layer is controlled by an electric field, but any kind of external stimulus may be used as long as the transmittance of the photonic crystal layer may be changed according to the external stimulus. It belongs to the scope of the present invention.

It is preferable to attach a fluorescent surface patterned with a black matrix in front of the electrode in order to separate the pixels from the color fluorescent film pixels implementing blue, red, and green on the front of each of the transmissive photonic shutters. In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an excitation light source lamp emitting 300-380 nm ultraviolet light or 380-430 nm violet light to excite the blue, red, and green fluorescent film pixels and pixels on the front of the transmissive photonic shutter. A backlight system including an optical system to be uniformly distributed in each transmissive photonic crystal shutter may be attached to the rear surface of the photonic crystal shutter.

Hereinafter, a detailed example of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

1 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive photonic shutter display to be implemented in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a light emitting diode (LED) is arranged at the rear of the photonic shutter as a light source that emits excitation light, using a direct lamp system or installing a lamp on the side. A system using a light guide plate may be used (not shown). In addition, the excitation light emitted from the back lamp system can be used as either an ultraviolet (300-380 nm) or purple (380-430 nm) wavelength LED or cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) or surface emitting lamp. The wavelength of light that will pass through the transmissive photonic shutter may vary depending on the type of rear lamp. When the LED is used in the present invention, an ultraviolet wavelength of around 365 nm may be used, or a violet wavelength of about 405 nm may be used.

As shown in FIG. 1, the transmissive photonic shutter display includes a photonic shutter layer 1 and a front surface of the photonic shutter layer for adjusting the transmission intensity of light emitted from a rear lamp by an external stimulus such as an electric field. It is stacked on the back and includes a transparent electrode for applying an electric field to the photonic shutter layer. In addition, phosphors 4, 5, and 6 are provided to receive the excitation light whose transmittance is controlled by the photonic shutter layer and then to realize a desired color (red, green, blue).

2A and 2B are schematic diagrams for explaining the operation principle of the photonic shutter layer according to the present invention.

2A and 2B, the photonic shutter layer according to the present invention has a multi-layered multilayer structure having a periodicity in which two or more dielectric materials having a dielectric constant ratio of at least 1.01 are constantly arranged so that the domain size is at least 5 nm or more. It is composed of a photonic crystal, and characterized by reflecting or transmitting electromagnetic waves by interacting with electromagnetic waves having a wavelength in the ultraviolet or violet excitation light range by changing the dielectric constant or domain size with respect to the stimulus.

Figure 2a shows a photonic shutter layer according to an embodiment of the present invention, the photonic shutter layer is a copolymer multilayer film of polystyrene (polystyrene, PS) and quaternized poly (2-vinyl pyridine) (QP2VP) polymer in a vertical plane It is a multilayered film structure of two or more layers. In this case, since there is almost no difference in refractive index between the two polymer layers, the back light is transmitted in the front direction. However, referring to FIG. 2B, the QP2VP layer increases in volume in a direction perpendicular to an external stimulus such as an electric field, thereby changing the refractive index and the domain spacing. Reflects light of certain wavelengths. That is, in the present invention, the wavelength reflected from the ultraviolet light to the violet light can be adjusted according to the type of excitation light. As such, any photonic crystal material whose refractive index is changed by application of an external stimulus, in particular an electric field, may be used in the photonic shutter layer of the present invention, and examples thereof include poly (2-vinyl pyridine) and quaternized poly (2-vinyl). Pyridine), poly (4-vinyl pyridine), quaternized poly (4-vinyl pyridine), poly (acrylic acid), poly (methacrylic acid), poly (ethylene oxide), poly (acrylamide), poly (hydr Oxyethyl methacrylate), poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide), but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the following, a basic manufacturing method and a transmission / reflecting wavelength control technique related to PS-QP2VP multilayer film manufacturing and shutter manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Examples 1 to 4 describe a method of forming a photonic shutter film, and Examples 5 and 6 illustrate a range of wavelengths that the photonic shutter can adjust to external stimuli and NH ₄ as shown in FIG. 2. The role of a photonic shutter layer, which swells QP2VP layer according to the concentration of Cl salt or external stimulus such as electric field, can be transmitted / reflected for a specific wavelength is well explained.

3 is a schematic diagram of a unit pixel of a photonic shutter layer of a transmissive display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, a transmissive display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a copolymer photonic shutter layer 12, a transparent electrode 2, a spacer 15 separating pixels, and a transparent electrode. And an ion electrolyte layer 13 which reversibly provides the ionic material to the photonic shutter layer by means of an electric field applied thereto. The operation principle of the photonic shutter layer of the transmissive display device illustrated in FIG. 3 is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4.

4 is a schematic diagram in which the photonic shutter layer controls reflection and transmission of excitation light by driving an electric field. 4 illustrates that the photonic bandgap can be blocked by supplying ions of the electrolyte layer into the photonic shutter by driving the electric field to reflect the excitation light by swelling the QP2VP layer. The figure on the left reverses the opposite electric field, thus minimizing the difference in refractive index between the PS and QP2VP layers by moving ions toward the electrode in the QP2VP layer, thus eliminating the photonic bandgap for the excitation light and transmitting the excitation light. .

Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the transmissive photonic shutter display excites color fluorescent film pixels implementing blue, red, and green parts of the front part after the photonic shutter layer controls the transmission of excitation light, and thus, each blue color. The red and green pixels (phosphor) emit light or disappear to enable natural colors of the display. This will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which blue, red, and green light are emitted because the excitation light transmitted from the photonic shutter layer excites a fluorescent film on the entire surface.

Referring to FIG. 5, various kinds of phosphors may be used depending on the type of excitation light passing through the photonic shutter layer. Phosphor types of the present invention include all kinds of phosphors that can emit light by excitation light, not limited to the phosphors exemplified below. As shown in FIG. 5, the emitted light of the blue wavelength emitting light has a center of wavelength (λ _max ) at 420-480 nm, and the light of green emitting light has a center of wavelength (λ _max ) at 490-580 nm. Light of the red wavelength has a center of wavelength (λ _max ) at 580-680 nm. Depending on the type of excitation light, the combination of phosphors showing the best characteristics may vary. Table 1 summarizes the various types of blue, red, and green phosphors that can be used when a 365 nm or 405 nm LED is used as a light source. In order to achieve the target of the transmissive photonic shutter display of the present invention, it is important to select an appropriate phosphor according to the selection of the excitation light. In addition, the method for forming a black matrix film for preventing the fluorescent film and the bump in the present invention uses a silk screen printing method well known in the display industry. In other words, each of the black matrix, blue, green and red phosphors is mixed with a binder such as nitrocellulose and a solvent to paste into black matrix, blue, green and red in the order of silk screen printing. At this time, the printing order of the fluorescent film may be changed depending on the process.

FIG. 6 shows a spectrum in which blue, green and red representative sulfide phosphors are applied to emit 365nm LED excitation light after passing through a photonic shutter. Blue is ZnS: AgCl, green is SrGa ₂ S ₄ : Eu, and red is (Sr, Ca) S: Eu phosphor emission spectrum with excellent emission efficiency and excellent color reproduction range.

As a result, the transmissive photonic shutter display device, which is the final object of the present invention, includes an excitation light of a rear lamp and a photonic shutter layer capable of controlling the transmission of the excitation light, and a fluorescent film of the front part capable of emitting light by the excitation light. This can be achieved by the configuration.

Table 1 below is a table illustrating various blue, red, green phosphors that can be used when using a 365 nm or 405 nm LED as a light source.

Example  One

Photonic Shutter layer  Produce

A photonic shutter layer having a layered structure composed of polystyrene (PS) / quaternized poly (2-vinyl pyridine) and QP2VP was prepared. In order to form the layered film, a solution of PS- b- P2VP (M _n = 57 kg / mol- b -57 kg / mol) dissolved in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) ( 5 wt%) was spin-coated on indium tin oxide (ITO) modified with 3-iodopropyl-trimethoxysilane, wherein the film thickness was about 1 ~. It was adjusted to about 3 um. The well arranged layered film was made by annealing in chloroform vapor at 50 ° C. for about 24 hours. The P2VP layer was then quaternize / crosslinked by combining 1-bromethane and 1,4-dibromobutane in various composition ratios. Specifically, the annealed PS- b -P2VP film for quaternization / crosslinking was put in a mixed solution of 1-bromomethane / 1 and 4-dibromobutane dissolved in hexane at 10 vol% for 1 to 3 days at 50 ° C. Reacted.

Example  2

Photonic Shutter layer  Produce

The photonic shutter film of this embodiment is a layered structure composed of polystyrene (PS) / quaternized poly (2-vinyl pyridine) (QP2VP). To form such a layered film, a solution of PS- b- P2VP (M _n = 57 kg / mol- b -57 kg / mol) dissolved in PGMEA (5 wt%) was added to 3-iodopropyl-trimethoxy. Spin coating was performed on ITO modified with silane (3-idodopropyl) -trimethoxysilane, and the thickness of the film was adjusted to about 1 to 3 um. The well arranged layered film was made by annealing in chloroform vapor at 50 ° C. for about 24 hours. The P2VP layer was then quaternized with iodomethane. Specifically, the annealed PS- b -P2VP film was added to iodomethane mixed solution dissolved in hexane at 10 vol% for quaternization and reacted at 50 ° C. for 1 to 3 days.

Example  3

Photonic Shutter layer  Produce

The photonic shutter film produced in this embodiment has a layered structure composed of PS / QP2VP. To form such a layered film, a solution of PS- b- P2VP (M _n = 190 kg / mol- b -190 kg / mol) dissolved in PGMEA (5 wt%) 3-iodopropyl-trimethoxy Spin coating was performed on silane-modified ITO, and the thickness of the film was adjusted to about 1 to 3 um. The well arranged layered film was made by annealing in chloroform vapor at 50 ° C. for about 24 hours. The P2VP layer was then quaternize / crosslinked by combining 1-bromothane and 1,4-dibromobutane in various composition ratios. Specifically, the annealed PS- b -P2VP film for quaternization / crosslinking was put in a mixed solution of 1-bromomethane / 1 and 4-dibromobutane dissolved in hexane at 10 vol% for 1 to 3 days at 50 ° C. Reacted.

Example  4

Photonic Shutter layer  Produce

The photonic shutter film produced in this embodiment has a layered structure composed of PS / QP2VP. To form such a layered film, a solution of PS- b- P2VP (M _n = 25.5 kg / mol- b -23.5 kg / mol) dissolved in PGMEA (5 wt%) 3-iodopropyl-trimethoxy Spin coating was performed on silane-modified ITO, and the thickness of the film was adjusted to about 1 to 3 um. The well arranged layered film was made by annealing in chloroform vapor at 50 ° C. for about 24 hours. The P2VP layer was then quaternize / crosslinked by combining 1-bromothane and 1,4-dibromobutane in various composition ratios. Specifically, the annealed PS- b -P2VP film for quaternization / crosslinking was put in a mixed solution of 1-bromomethane / 1 and 4-dibromobutane dissolved in hexane at 10 vol% for 1 to 3 days at 50 ° C. Reacted.

Example  5

By chemical method Photonic Shutter layer  control

Subjected to PS- b -QP2VP photonic shutter film having a molecular weight of 57k-57k-b made by the method of Example 1 was allowed to fully swell in aqueous solutions. The swollen film shrinks by gradually increasing the concentration of NH ₄ Cl in aqueous solution. By this contraction, the absorbance spectrum shifted to 300 nm as the concentration of NH ₄ Cl, which exhibited λ _max = 700 nm in the initial aqueous solution, gradually increased (2 M). At this time, the shrinkage of the film is because the osmotic pressure acting on the film increases as the concentration of NH ₄ Cl is gradually increased.

Example  6

By electrical method Photonic Shutter layer  control

Example PS- b -QP2VP photonic shutter film having a first molecular weight 57k-b-57k is made by the method of sandwiching a spacer having the thickness of 200 um see attached facing each other to the other a sheet of ITO as a counter electrode. The space between the photonic shutter film and the ITO electrode was filled with an aqueous solution electrolyte. (-) Was connected to the electrode with the photonic shutter film and (+) to the other ITO electrode, and a DC power source of 0 to 5 V was connected. At this time, the OH- ions formed at the negative electrode replace the Br- ions existing in the photonic film and increase the solubility of the QP2VP film, thereby causing the photonic shutter film to expand. As the power supply to the electrode increased from 0V to 5V, it increased from λ _max = 300 nm to λ _max = 700 nm.

1 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive photonic shutter display device according to the present invention.

2 is a principle for explaining the operation principle of the photonic shutter layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a schematic diagram of unit pixels of a photonic shutter for driving an electric field.

4 is a schematic diagram in which a photonic shutter controls reflection and transmission of excitation light by driving an electric field.

5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a phenomenon in which excitation light transmitted from a photonic shutter excites a fluorescent film on its entire surface to emit blue, red, and green light.

FIG. 6 shows blue, green and red spectra emitting blue ZnS: AgCl, green SrGa ₂ S ₄ : Eu, and red (Sr, Ca) S: Eu sulfide phosphors to pass 365nm LED excitation light through a photonic shutter. Is the wavelength distribution diagram.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1 ... 1-dimensional copolymer polymer photonic crystal 2 ... transparent electrode,

3 ... glass substrate, 4 ... blue fluorescent film,

5 ... green fluorescent film, 6 ... red fluorescent film,

7 ... black matrix 8 ... rear lamp (LED),

9 ... diffuser, 10 ... polystyrene (PS) thin film,

11 ... quaternized poly (2-vinyl pyridine) (QP2VP) thin film,

12 ... copolymerized polymer photonic shutter, 13 ... ion electrolyte layer,

14 ... DC power, 15 ... spacer

16 ... photonic shutter pixels, 17 ... excitation light (300-430nm),

18 ... excitation light transmitted through the shutter, 19 ... excitation light reflected by the shutter,

20 ... blue light emission (420-480nm), 21 ... red light emission (580-680nm),

22 ... green emission (490-580 nm), 23 ... ZnS: Ag, Cl emission spectrum,

24 ... SrGa ₂ S ₄ : Eu emission spectrum, 25 ... (Sr, Ca) S: Eu emission spectrum,

Claims (13)

A light source for emitting excitation light; A photonic shutter layer configured to receive the excitation light emitted from the light source and adjust the photonic band gap by an electric field applied from the outside to adjust the transmission intensity of the excitation light; And It includes a fluorescent film that receives the excitation light transmitted through the photonic shutter layer and emits light, the photonic shutter layer in accordance with the application of the first photonic crystal layer and the external electric field does not change the refractive index according to the application of the external electric field A transmissive display device comprising a multi-layer structure composed of a second photonic crystal layer having a refractive index changed. The method of claim 1, And the photonic shutter layer comprises a one-dimensional photonic crystal whose photonic bandgap is adjusted by an external electric field applied thereto. delete The method of claim 1, And wherein the second photonic crystal layer is selectively swollen or contracted by application of an external electric field to change the refractive index. The method of claim 1, The fluorescent film is a transparent substrate; And blue, green, and red phosphors stacked on the transparent substrate to be spaced apart from each other. The method of claim 1, A dielectric constant ratio of the first photonic crystal layer and the second photonic crystal layer is 1.01 or more, and has a period of 5 mm or more. The method of claim 1, The excitation light of the light source has a wavelength of 300 to 430 nm, characterized in that the transmissive display device. The method of claim 1, The second photonic crystal layer may be made of poly (2-vinyl pyridine), quartered poly (2-vinyl pyridine), poly (4-vinyl pyridine), quarterized poly (4-vinyl pyridine), poly (acrylic acid), Comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of poly (methacrylic acid), poly (ethylene oxide), poly (acrylamide), poly (hydroxyethylmethacrylate), poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) Transmissive display device, characterized in that. The method of claim 1, The application of the external electric field is a transmissive display device, characterized in that performed by the transparent electrode in contact with the front and rear of the photonic shutter layer. The method of claim 5, A black matrix line for preventing color mixing is formed between the red, green, and blue phosphors, and the black matrix includes at least one compound selected from carbon black, graphite, and black inorganic pigments. The method of claim 5, The blue phosphor has a center (λ _max ) of the wavelength of light to be emitted in the range of 420 to 480 nm. The method of claim 5, The green phosphor is a transmissive display device, characterized in that the center (λ _max ) of the wavelength of light emitted is in the range of 490 to 580 nm. The method of claim 5, The red phosphor has a center (λ _max ) of the wavelength of light to emit light, wherein the light emitting display device is 580 to 680 nm.

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