KR100985924B1 - 이온 교환 물질을 지니는 전기투석 정수기 및 이온오염물질을 제거하는 방법 - Google Patents
이온 교환 물질을 지니는 전기투석 정수기 및 이온오염물질을 제거하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100985924B1 KR100985924B1 KR1020047014311A KR20047014311A KR100985924B1 KR 100985924 B1 KR100985924 B1 KR 100985924B1 KR 1020047014311 A KR1020047014311 A KR 1020047014311A KR 20047014311 A KR20047014311 A KR 20047014311A KR 100985924 B1 KR100985924 B1 KR 100985924B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- ion exchange
- anion
- cation
- flow
- flow channel
- Prior art date
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012500 ion exchange media Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003010 cation ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011064 split stream procedure Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005206 flow analysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 description 99
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 39
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009296 electrodeionization Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108091006515 Anion channels Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108091005462 Cation channels Proteins 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001724 coherent Stokes Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013580 millipore water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O oxonium Chemical compound [OH3+] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
- C02F1/4695—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis electrodeionisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
- B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/52—Accessories; Auxiliary operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/02—Column or bed processes
- B01J47/06—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration
- B01J47/08—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration subjected to a direct electric current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4604—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/04—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply for obtaining ultra-pure water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/90—Ultra pure water, e.g. conductivity water
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/099,854 US6808608B2 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2002-03-13 | Water purifier and method |
US10/099,854 | 2002-03-13 | ||
PCT/US2003/007803 WO2003078331A2 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2003-03-13 | Electrodialytic water purifier with ion exchange material and method for emoving ionic contaminants |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20040091726A KR20040091726A (ko) | 2004-10-28 |
KR100985924B1 true KR100985924B1 (ko) | 2010-10-06 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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KR1020047014311A KR100985924B1 (ko) | 2002-03-13 | 2003-03-13 | 이온 교환 물질을 지니는 전기투석 정수기 및 이온오염물질을 제거하는 방법 |
Country Status (7)
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US6752927B2 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2004-06-22 | Dionex Corporation | Suppressed chromatography and salt conversion system |
EP1436069B1 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2011-02-09 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Apparatus and method for fluid purification |
US7390386B2 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2008-06-24 | Dionez Corporation | Aqueous stream purifier and method of use |
US7517696B2 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2009-04-14 | Dionex Corporation | Chemical suppressors and method of use |
US6929748B2 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2005-08-16 | Chemitreat Pte Ltd | Apparatus and method for continuous electrodeionization |
US7862700B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2011-01-04 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Water treatment system and method |
US8377279B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2013-02-19 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Water treatment system and method |
US7846340B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2010-12-07 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Water treatment system and method |
US20050103717A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2005-05-19 | United States Filter Corporation | Water treatment system and method |
US7563351B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2009-07-21 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Water treatment system and method |
US7083733B2 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2006-08-01 | Usfilter Corporation | Water treatment system and method |
US7399415B2 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2008-07-15 | Dionex Corporation | Parking a sample stream and suppressing the sample |
US20060231403A1 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-19 | Riviello John M | Chambered electrodeionization apparatus with uniform current density, and method of use |
US7892848B2 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2011-02-22 | Trovion Singapore Pte. Ltd., Co. | Method of ion chromatography wherein a specialized electrodeionization apparatus is used |
EP1885655B1 (en) | 2005-06-01 | 2014-12-17 | Evoqua Water Technologies LLC | Water treatment process by intermittent sanitization |
US20080067069A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 | 2008-03-20 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Low scale potential water treatment |
US7744760B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2010-06-29 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Method and apparatus for desalination |
WO2008048656A2 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-04-24 | Kinetico Incorporated | Electroregeneration apparatus and water treatment method |
CN101878187B (zh) | 2007-11-30 | 2014-12-10 | 伊沃夸水处理技术有限责任公司 | 用于水处理的系统和方法 |
US8293099B2 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2012-10-23 | Dionex Corporation | Ion detector and system |
US8133373B2 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2012-03-13 | Dionex Corporation | Electrochemically driven pump |
CN103283071B (zh) | 2010-11-12 | 2016-05-04 | 伊沃夸水技术私人有限公司 | 用于电化学分离的流量分配器 |
US9724645B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2017-08-08 | Tangent Company Llc | Electrochemically regenerated water deionization |
US10048233B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2018-08-14 | Dionex Corporation | Suppressor device |
KR102093443B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-29 | 2020-03-25 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전기 흡착 탈이온 장치 및 이를 사용한 유체 처리 방법 |
CN105209159B (zh) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-06-12 | 懿华水处理技术有限责任公司 | 用于电化学分离的流量分配器 |
KR102092941B1 (ko) | 2013-06-12 | 2020-03-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전기 흡착 탈이온 장치 및 이를 사용한 유체 처리 방법 |
US9625430B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2017-04-18 | Dionex Corporation | Multielectrode electrolytic device and method |
US11090606B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2021-08-17 | Dionex Corporation | Gas-less electrolytic device and method |
CA2873433A1 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-05 | Onsite Remediation Solutions Ltd. | Electrokinetic soil remediation |
US10948466B2 (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2021-03-16 | Dionex Corporation | Flow control in an electrolytic reagent concentrator for ion chromatography |
US20240159721A1 (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2024-05-16 | Dionex Corporation | Chromatography Baseline Stability |
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GB2249307A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1992-05-06 | Ionics Italba Spa | Process for purifying water by means of a combination of electrodialysis and reverse osmosis |
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- 2002-03-13 US US10/099,854 patent/US6808608B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-03-13 AU AU2003214169A patent/AU2003214169B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-03-13 WO PCT/US2003/007803 patent/WO2003078331A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-03-13 CA CA2478359A patent/CA2478359C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-13 EP EP03711576A patent/EP1485325A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-13 JP JP2003576346A patent/JP4394957B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-13 KR KR1020047014311A patent/KR100985924B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20040091726A (ko) | 2004-10-28 |
US20030173222A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
EP1485325A2 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
WO2003078331A3 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
CA2478359A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
CA2478359C (en) | 2011-05-17 |
JP2006500192A (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
AU2003214169A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 |
WO2003078331A2 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
AU2003214169B2 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
JP4394957B2 (ja) | 2010-01-06 |
US6808608B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 |
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