KR100977618B1 - Single burning items system for testing and estimating fire property by burning of a object - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A measuring system for single burning items is provided to obtain accurate test data by collecting combustion gas and filtering the collected combustion gas. CONSTITUTION: A measuring system for single burning items comprises a test room(10), a duct unit(20), a transferring vehicle(30), a main burner, an auxiliary burner, and a combustion gas analyzing unit. A burning test is performed inside the test room. The duct unit has a hood and a duct horizontally connected to the hood. The transferring vehicle is installed in the test room and installs a specimen for the burning test. The main burner is installed in the transferring vehicle. The auxiliary burner is supported by a fixed frame installed in the test room. The combustion gas analyzing unit measures combustion gas occurred when the specimen is burned.

Description

Single burning items system for testing and estimating fire property by burning of a object}

The present invention relates to a single burning items measuring system, and more particularly, to a single burning items measuring system for measuring data on the fire occurrence through the simulation of the fire of building materials.

In general, fire is a phenomenon in which various physical and chemical phenomena are intricately intertwined, and it is fundamentally impossible to simulate all aspects of the fire occurring at the laboratory level at once.

After ignition, the development into a fire can occur through several different routes, depending on the physical location of the combustible material as well as other environmental conditions. However, the form of a typical fire development stage can be organized into three stages represented by a typical temperature-time curve.

The first stage of the fire is ignition, the second stage is combustion, and the third stage is the transition of fire. Elements of fire that can be identified in these three stages are: Ignition Time in the first stage, Oxygen Production Rate in the second stage, Heat Release Rate and Smoke in the third stage. Smoke Production Rate.

As such, the composition of the combustion decomposition products in each stage is different, which affects the smoke density, the temperature, and the like in each stage. In addition, in fire scenarios, information on instantaneous heat fluidity, oxygen supply, combustion gas release equipment, and the like is required.

Evaluation of the actual fire performance of the product can be obtained with specimens of actual size, and many factors affect the production of smoke and the characteristics of the smoke produced. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the impact on the development of a fire by understanding the characteristics of the smoke of a particular material.

The previous forms of fire tests, which can only be visually observed, depend only on the size of the fire, and in order to effectively prevent and deal with it, it is necessary to know more about the characteristics of the actual fire. have.

That is, even if only the elements of the fire characteristics grasped each step as described above, it can be seen that the evaluation of the actual fire, which was measured only visually, is a very wrong method.

Therefore, the development of the equipment to measure the calorific value and other fire elements generated during the actual fire is very important, the need is urgently needed.

The present invention was made in view of the above, and more particularly, to provide an improved single-burning items measuring system capable of automatically measuring various fire elements while burning a test piece in a combustion test room. There is this.

Single burning items measuring system of the present invention for achieving the above object, the test room to be able to perform a combustion test in the interior; A duct unit having a hood installed at an upper portion of the test room and a duct connected in the horizontal direction from the hood; A mobile trolley installed in and out of the test room and equipped with a test specimen for combustion; A main burner installed in the moving cart; An auxiliary burner supported by a fixed frame installed in the test room so as to be positioned at an upper portion of the moving trolley entering the test room; Combustion gas analysis device for generating a combustion gas discharged through the duct unit generated during the combustion of the specimen mounted on the mobile bogie; The combustion gas analysis device, at the flow rate of the combustion gas passing through the duct A mass flow rate measuring device for calculating a mass flow rate by measuring a differential pressure caused by the pressure difference; Three thermometers for measuring the temperature of the combustion gas; A gas analyzer for measuring the amount of oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide contained in the combustion gas; And an optical unit installed in the duct to measure the amount of smoke in the combustion gas.

Here, the moving cart, the bottom wall of the horizontal plate type; A plurality of legs installed below the bottom wall; A wheel installed on the leg; A support installed at one corner of the bottom wall to fix the specimen; And a blocking wall vertically installed at a front side edge of the bottom wall, wherein the blocking wall is formed to block an entrance hole formed for access of the mobile truck of the test room, and the access to the blocking wall. It is preferable that the door is installed.

In addition, each of the main burner and the auxiliary burner, burner box formed of stainless steel material; A gravel layer stacked on a bottom portion of the burner box; A sand layer stacked on top of the gravel layer; A metal gauze installed to surround the gravel layer, the sand layer, and the outside; A gas pipe socket for supplying combustion propane gas; It is preferable to include; a spark generator which is installed in the burner box to ignite the gas to operate remotely.

In addition, the gas analyzer, the sampling probe for sampling the combustion gas discharged through the duct; A gas processor which processes the combustion gas collected by the sampling probe; And a gas analyzer configured to analyze the combustion gas treated by the gas processor, wherein the gas processor comprises: a filter for filtering soot of the combustion gas; A cold trap for filtering moisture contained in the combustion gas; It is preferable to include a; pump for forcibly transferring the combustion gas.

According to the single-burning items measuring system of the present invention, by using a moving cart to install the test specimen for combustion, after mounting it externally without performing the specimen installation work in the test room, the moving cart is put into the test room and the combustion test can do.

As described above, the use of the moving trolley makes it easy to handle the specimens and to process the burned specimens.

In addition, each of the main burner and the auxiliary burner can be ignited and turned off outside the test room, and the combustion test can be controlled to ignite two burners sequentially to improve the reliability of the combustion test. In particular, the propane gas supplied to the burners can be automatically adjusted according to the combustion state, so that the combustion test can be carried out more scientifically.

In addition, by collecting the combustion gas, filtering the collected combustion gas, and after removing the moisture to analyze more accurate test data can be obtained, there is an advantage that can increase the reliability of the test.

Hereinafter, a single burning items measuring system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, and 7, the single burning items measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a test room 10 and a test room. The duct unit 20 installed in the upper portion of the room 10, the mobile trolley 30 which is installed in and out of the test room 10, the main burner 40 installed in the mobile trolley 30, and An auxiliary burner 50 and a combustion gas analyzing apparatus 100 for generating a combustion gas discharged through the duct unit 20 by burning the specimen in the moving cart 30 are provided.

The test room 10 may have a height of about 2 m and an inner height, and may be formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape in which an inner bottom forms a rectangular area in both directions. The wall material of the test room 10 can be made of building stone blocks (eg cellular concrete), gypsum board or fibreboard.

One wall of the test room 10 is formed with a hole 11 for inserting a trolley 30 from the outside into the test room 10. At least two windows are formed on the walls of the test room 10, and are preferably installed on two walls corresponding to the front surface of the plane of the vertical specimen 1. Therefore, when the moving cart 30 is moved into the test room 10 and positioned, the entire combustion measurement system and the vertical specimen 1 can be handled while checking from the outside. In addition, the test room 10 may be provided with a door that allows the experimenter to handle the device, etc., the location is not limited.

The upper part of the test room 10 is covered, and an open portion of the duct unit 20 is connected to discharge the gas burned in the test room 10.

In addition, the test room 10 is provided with a fixed frame 12 for holding the position of the moving trolley 30 entered into the interior. The fixed frame 12 is fixedly installed in the test room 10, the upper duct unit 20 is connected.

The duct unit 20 has a hood 21 connected to the upper portion of the fixed frame 12, and a circular duct 22 connected to the hood 21 in the horizontal direction. The duct 22 is formed in the alphabet 'Ｊ' shape to measure the combustion gas. These ducts 22 are insulated with mineral surfaces. The combustion gas analysis device 100 to be described later is connected to the duct 22 to analyze the combustion gas discharged.

The mobile trolley 30 is a horizontal plate-shaped bottom wall 31, a barrier wall 32 is installed perpendicular to the bottom wall and blocks the hole 11 from the outside when inserted into the test room 10, The door 33 is installed on the blocking wall 32, the leg 34 is installed below the bottom wall 31 and the wheel 35 is provided on the leg. One side edge portion of the bottom wall 31 is provided with a support (36) for fixing the specimen (1). The specimen 1 may be fastened to the support 36 by screws or the like.

The blocking wall 32 may be installed in the entire front of the moving cart 30, and serves to block the fire from coming out during the combustion experiment in the test room 10. In addition, as shown in Figure 6b, the backing board (Backing Board) (37) is further installed to have a predetermined space gap (G) behind the specimen. The backing board 37 is a calcium silicate board with a density of approximately 800 ± 150 kg / m 3 and a thickness of 12 ± 3 mm. The backing board 37 is installed such that the short wings and the long wings form a right angle, that is, a corner, and the backing board 37 is installed wider than the specimen 1 with respect to the short wings. And the additional width of the backing board 37 can be expanded to only one side.

The main burner 40 is installed on the bottom wall 31 of the moving cart 30, and the auxiliary burner 50 is installed on the upper side opposite to the main burner 40. The main burner 40 and the auxiliary burner 50 have the same configuration, the main burner 40 is installed in the corner portion of the bottom surface of the mobile truck 30, the auxiliary burner 50 of the fixed frame 12 It is fixed to the pillar part. That is, the auxiliary burner 50 is installed to be positioned at a predetermined height on the bottom surface of the mobile cart 30.

13A and 13B, for example, the main burner 40 has a structure of a right angled isosceles triangle having a length of approximately 250 mm, and has a height of about 80 mm and a bottom except for holes for pipe sockets having a weight center of about 12.5 mm. Is closed, and the top has an open shape. Perforated right triangle plates will be placed 10mm from the bottom of the burner. It is also recommended that metal gauze with a maximum mesh size of 2 mm be installed at a height of 12 mm and 60 mm from the bottom. The material of the burner box 41 is made of stainless steel having a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm, a void from 10 mm to the bottom of the floor, and a gravel layer 42 having a size of 4-8 mm from 10 to 60 mm. , 60 to 80 mm is filled with a layer of sand 2 to 4 mm in size 43. The metal gauze 45 stabilizes the two layers 42 and 43 and prevents gravel from entering the gas pipe socket 47. The metal gauze 45 directly above the void is held to be flat. The gravel and sand that is installed is not a bumpy stone but a rounded stone. The main burner 40 of this structure is installed on the bottom wall 31 of the mobile trolley 30 to correspond to the bottom position of the test piece 1. The main burner 40 is installed in close contact with the support 36.

The auxiliary burner 50 having the same structure as the main burner 40 is installed in the pillar of the fixed frame 12 opposite the edge of the specimen 1, and the burner is positioned at approximately 1,450 ± 5 mm from the bottom of the test room 10. It is fixedly installed so that the top face is aligned. The vertical distance between the auxiliary burner 50 and the hood 121 may be about 1000 mm.

In addition, the auxiliary burner 40 is preferably protected from the flame of the main burner 40 by a rectangular protective plate 13 made of a calcium silicate plate (such as a backing plate). This shield plate 13 is installed on the diagonal side of the main burner 40 (blocking the total width of the diagonal line).

And as shown in Figure 13c, each of the main burner 40 and the auxiliary burner 50 is fired by receiving gas from a separate propane gas supply unit 60, the spark generator 48 to be ignited remotely ). In addition, the control unit 73 detects whether the main or auxiliary burners 40 and 50 which are detected through the two detectors (UV Detector) 71 and 72 are turned off, and when the lights are turned off, the gas supply is immediately cut off. Solenoid valve 61 is installed on the gas supply pipe.

The main burner 40 and the auxiliary burner 50 do not burn at the same time during the test except that the burners of each other are changed. The switch used for propane gas supply to one of the two burners may be installed and operated outside the test room 10 via the gas supply circuit 70. The operation of the gas supply circuit 70 may be controlled by the controller 73.

Of course, the auxiliary burner 50 can be dehydrated simultaneously at a low level within a few seconds after switching from the auxiliary burner 50 to the main burner 40. At this time, the supply valve 63 of the main burner 40 increases the supply amount, and the supply valve 64 of the auxiliary burner 50 blocks the supply amount.

As shown in FIGS. 8 to 12B, the gas analyzer 100 includes a mass flow meter 110, a thermometer 120, a gas analyzer 130, and an optical unit 140.

The mass flow rate measuring instrument 110 calculates the flow rate pressure difference between the flow rate probe 111 installed to measure the mass flow rate of the combustion gas flowing in the duct and the gas flow rate applied to the flow rate probe 111 to obtain the discharge rate of the combustion gas. It is provided with a differential pressure transducer 112 for measuring. The flow rate probe 111 has a pair of orifice pipes 111a and 111b having openings formed in opposite directions to each other, and is installed to be located at the center of the duct 22. The duct 22 has a first hole 22a to which the flow rate probe 111 is coupled, a second hole 22b to which the thermometer 120 is connected, and a third hole 22c to which the gas analyzer 130 is connected. And a fourth hole 22d to which the optical unit 140 using the tungsten filament lamp is coupled is sequentially formed.

The thermometer 120 measures the temperature of the combustion gas passing through the duct 22.

The gas analyzer 130 includes a sampling probe 131 installed in the duct 22 to sample the combustion gas, a gas processor 132, and a gas analyzer 133. The sampling probe 131 is installed to cross through the center of the duct 22, as shown in Figure 10d, and has a plurality of gas inlet (131a).

As illustrated in FIG. 12, the gas processor 132 includes a filter 132a for filtering soot included in the combustion gas collected by the sampling probe 131, and a combustion gas for condensing and removing water vapor or moisture. Cold trap 132b installed in the transfer pipe 134, a transfer pump 132c for pumping and forcibly moving the captured combustion gas, and the state of the combustion gas (for example, remaining in the combustion gas) And a plurality of monitoring units 132d, pressure regulators 132e, pressure gauges 132f, etc., which are installed to visually check the amount of moisture). According to the gas processing unit 132 of the above configuration, after removing the soot, moisture, and the like contained in the combustion gas collected by the sampling probe 131, only the gas, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc., included in the combustion gas is analyzed by the gas analyzer ( 133).

In addition, a first tank 132g for supplying carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide to be supplied for zero adjustment for analysis of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide and a second tank 132h for supplying a gas such as nitrogen may be further installed.

The gas analyzer 133 may analyze the combustion gas delivered to analyze the amount of oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The analyzed data is transferred to the computer 200.

11A, 11B, and 11C, the optical unit 140 is for measuring the smoke contained in the combustion gas exiting the duct 22, and a housing 141 in which a tungsten filament lamp is installed; The first tube 142 is coupled to the housing 141 and coupled to one side of the duct 22 and the optical filter 142a is installed therein, and the duct 22 is symmetrical to the first tube 142. The 2nd barrel 143 provided in the opposite side and the light quantity detection part 144 connected to the 2nd barrel 143 are provided. The second barrel 143 of the housing 141 has a structure connected by a half-moon-shaped connecting member 145.

The first barrel 142 is a configuration in which a plurality of pipe-like barrels are connected, it is provided between the O-ring 142b. Therefore, the outside air is introduced into the barrel 142, but is introduced into the duct 22 without moving toward the optical system.

 An optical filter 143a may also be installed in the second barrel 143. In FIG. 11C, reference numeral 143b denotes a coated glass, and reference numeral 143c denotes an O-ring used to connect a plurality of barrel portions. According to the above configuration, the outside air is also introduced into the second barrel 143, but does not move toward the light amount detecting unit 144 by the O-ring 143c.

Using the optical unit 140 of this configuration it is possible to measure the density of the smoke in the combustion gas. That is, the light irradiated at a constant brightness from the lamp passes through the duct 22 and is received by the opposite amount of light detector 144, and the amount of received light decreases in proportion to the density of the smoke.

In addition to the above configuration, the atmospheric temperature sensor is installed on the outer wall of the test room 10 to measure the atmospheric temperature of the air flowing into the test room 10, the atmospheric pressure sensor for detecting the atmospheric pressure around the test room 10, It is preferable to further include a hygrometer for measuring the relative humidity around the test room (10).

Hereinafter, a measuring method using a single burning measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention having the above configuration will be described in detail.

First, the test piece (1) is installed in the moving cart (30) so that a combustion test can be performed. The specimen 1 is fastened by fastening with a screw or the like with respect to the support 36, and is installed to form a corner vertically. The backing board 37 is vertically fixed to the rear of a predetermined portion. That is, as shown in FIG. 6B, the space gap G is formed between the backing board 37 and the specimen 36, and the main burner 40 is disposed at the bottom of the corner portion of the specimen 36. Be sure to Here, the size, thickness, type of the specimen 36, the space gap (G) between the backing board 37 and the like are installed in accordance with the test standard. Of course, the auxiliary burner 50 is installed in the fixed frame 12 in the test room 10.

Since the auxiliary burner 50 also has the same configuration as the main burner 40, it is possible to remotely control the ignition and the extinguishing from the outside in the state installed in the test room 10.

After the specimen 1 is installed on the mobile trolley 30 as described above, the mobile trolley 30 is pushed into the test room 10. Then, the door 33 of the mobile trolley 30 is closed.

As described above, the specimen 1 is placed on the mobile trolley 30 and then installed in the test room 30 to perform a combustion test.

At this time, the test specimen 1 consisting of two vertical vanes having a right angle corner is exposed to the flame from the main burner 40 lying at the bottom of the corner. The flame is obtained from the combustion of propane gas.

The execution of the test specimen 1 is evaluated over approximately 20 minutes. Run parameters are Heat Production, Smoke Production, Horizontal Flame Propagation, Flaming Droplets, and Molecules (Particles).

Before igniting the main burner 40, it takes a short time to ignite the auxiliary burner 50 of the same configuration away from the specimen 1 to measure only the heat output of the burner.

At this time, some measurement is performed automatically, and some measurement must be observed with the naked eye. In the duct 22, components for measuring differential pressure induced by temperature, light attenuation, oxygen (O ₂₎ and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), mole fraction, and fluid flow (111, 112) 131 and 140 are mounted as described above. Data measured through the components 111, 112, 131, 140 are automatically recorded in the computer 200, and the volume flow (Fire flow rate), FIG. (Fire Growth Rate Index), SMOGRA (Smoke Growth Rate Index) , Total Heat Release (THR), Average Rate of Heat Release (RHR), and Total Smoke Production (TSP).

Visual observation, on the other hand, observes the fall of horizontal flames, flaming droplets, and molecules (particles).

In other words, once again the process of measuring the combustion test is as follows.

In the duct 22, the temperature T1, T2, T3 and the atmospheric temperature are measured and recorded for at least a predetermined period (for example, 300 seconds) through three thermometers 120. The ambient temperature is in the range 20 ± 10 ° C., and the temperature of the duct 22 does not differ by more than 4 ° C. from the ambient temperature.

Measure and record the natural data (atmospheric pressure and relative humidity) prior to combustion.

Start to measure time with a chronometer and start recording data automatically. The data to be recorded are the mass flow rate of propane gas supplied to the burners 40 and 50, the differential pressure in the duct 22 measured through the hydraulic probe 111, and the light received amount measured in the optical unit 140 (%). And an oxygen mole fraction, a carbon dioxide mole fraction, and an atmospheric temperature T0 at the bottom air inlet of the mobile truck 30 in which the gas sampled through the sampling probe 131 is analyzed.

Single burning items measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention having the above configuration can be carried out while precisely controlling the combustion test, since the flow rate of the gas that is the ignition source during the experiment can be carried out, and the main burner remotely ( 40) and by controlling the ignition of the auxiliary burner 50 to be performed sequentially, it is possible to perform a combustion test safely and accurately.

In addition, since the ignition and the extinguishing of the main burner 40 after the ignition and the extinguishing of the auxiliary burner 50 can be controlled so as to be sequentially switched, the accuracy of the experiment and the reliability of the experimental data can be improved.

In addition, by providing a mobile trolley 30 to facilitate the installation of the specimen (1) for use in the combustion test, it is possible to reduce the hassle of installing, separating and working the specimen (1) directly in the test room 10 Experiment preparation and work efficiency can be improved.

As mentioned above, although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and any person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains without departing from the claims. Various modifications and variations will be possible.

1 is a front view showing the test room and the moving cart of the single burning items measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a side view of the test room and the moving cart shown in FIG.

3 is a plan view of the test room and the moving cart shown in FIG.

4 is a front view of the mobile truck shown in FIG.

5 is a side view of the mobile truck shown in FIG.

Figure 6a is a plan view of the mobile truck shown in FIG.

Figure 6b is a view showing an extract of the main portion of Figure 6a.

7 is a view showing a state in which the mobile cart shown in Figure 4 is mounted on a fixed frame in the test room.

8 is a view showing a combustion gas analysis device installed in the duct unit shown in FIG.

9 is a cross-sectional view of the duct shown in FIG. 8.

10A and 10B are views for explaining the flow rate probe of FIG.

10C is a cross-sectional view for explaining the thermometer of FIG. 9.

FIG. 10D is a cross-sectional view illustrating an installation state of a gas sampling probe in FIG. 9. FIG.

10E is a cross-sectional view for explaining a portion in which an optical unit is coupled to FIG. 9.

Figure 11a is a view showing an extract of the optical unit of FIG.

11B and 11C are each an excerpt of the main portion of FIG. 11A;

12 is a diagram for explaining a gas analyzer.

13A and 13B are views for explaining a main burner and an auxiliary burner.

13C is a view for explaining a state in which propane gas is supplied to each of the main burner and the auxiliary burner.

<Description of Symbols for Main Parts of Drawings>

10. Test room 20. Duct unit

30. Mobile cart 40. Main burner

50. Secondary burner 70. Gas supply circuit

100. Combustion gas analyzer 110. Mass flow rate measuring unit

120. Thermometer 130. Gas analyzer

140. Optical unit 200. Computer

Claims (4)

A test room configured to perform combustion tests in-house; A duct unit having a hood installed at an upper portion of the test room and a duct connected in the horizontal direction from the hood; A mobile trolley installed in and out of the test room and equipped with a test specimen for combustion; A main burner installed in the moving cart; An auxiliary burner supported by a fixed frame installed in the test room so as to be positioned at an upper portion of the moving trolley entering the test room; And a combustion gas analysis device for generating combustion gas discharged through the duct unit by burning the specimen mounted on the moving cart. The combustion gas analysis device, A mass flow rate measuring device for calculating a mass flow rate by measuring a differential pressure due to the flow rate of the combustion gas passing through the duct; Three thermometers for measuring the temperature of the combustion gas; A gas analyzer for measuring the amount of oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide contained in the combustion gas; And an optical unit installed in the duct to measure the amount of smoke in the combustion gas. The moving cart, A bottom plate of a horizontal plate type; A plurality of legs installed below the bottom wall; A wheel installed on the leg; A support installed at one corner of the bottom wall to fix the specimen; And a blocking wall installed vertically at the front side edge of the bottom wall. The barrier wall is formed so as to block the entrance hole formed for the entrance of the mobile bogie of the test room, the single-burning items measuring system, characterized in that the entrance door is installed. delete The method of claim 1, wherein each of the main burner and the auxiliary burner, A burner box formed of stainless steel; A gravel layer stacked on a bottom portion of the burner box; A sand layer stacked on top of the gravel layer; A metal gauze installed to surround the gravel layer, the sand layer, and the outside; A gas pipe socket for supplying combustion propane gas; Single-burning items measuring system comprising a; spark generator which is installed in the burner box to ignite the gas to operate remotely. According to claim 1 or 3, wherein the gas analyzer, A sampling probe for sampling the combustion gas discharged through the duct; A gas processor which processes the combustion gas collected by the sampling probe; It includes; gas analysis unit for analyzing the combustion gas treated in the gas processing unit, The gas processing unit, A filter for filtering soot of the combustion gas; A cold trap for filtering moisture contained in the combustion gas; Single burning items measuring system comprising a; forcibly transferring the combustion gas.

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