KR100960133B1 - A construction process of elastic sand layer for playground - Google Patents
A construction process of elastic sand layer for playground Download PDFInfo
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- KR100960133B1 KR100960133B1 KR20090053569A KR20090053569A KR100960133B1 KR 100960133 B1 KR100960133 B1 KR 100960133B1 KR 20090053569 A KR20090053569 A KR 20090053569A KR 20090053569 A KR20090053569 A KR 20090053569A KR 100960133 B1 KR100960133 B1 KR 100960133B1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/06—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003
- E01C13/065—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003 at least one in situ layer consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/16—Reinforcements
- E01C11/165—Reinforcements particularly for bituminous or rubber- or plastic-bound pavings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C2201/00—Paving elements
- E01C2201/10—Paving elements having build-in shock absorbing devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C2201/00—Paving elements
- E01C2201/20—Drainage details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 놀이터용 탄성 모래층의 시공방법에 관한 것으로서, 좀더 상세히 설명하면 기반층 위에 탄성고무층과 부직포층 및 모래층이 차례로 적층되어 있어서 상당한 시간이 경과하고 잦은 강수에 노출되어도 상기 모래층이 시공초기의 충격 흡수력과 배수성을 유지하며, 특히 층간 종변위(縱變位)가 발생하지 않는 놀이터용 탄성 모래층의 시공방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a construction method of an elastic sand layer for a playground, and more specifically, the elastic rubber layer, the nonwoven fabric layer, and the sand layer are sequentially stacked on the base layer, so that even when exposed to frequent precipitation, the sand layer is impacted at the initial stage of construction. The present invention relates to a method for constructing an elastic sand layer for a playground that maintains absorption and drainage properties, and in particular, does not cause longitudinal displacement.
최근 학교나 유치원, 아파트는 물론, 교회나 각종 요식업체에서도 공터에 어린이들을 위한 인공 놀이터를 조성하는 경우가 많다. 이때, 어린이들의 안전성이나 정서적인 측면을 고려할 때 상기 인공 놀이터의 바닥에는 모래층을 깔아 모래밭을 형성하는 것이 바람직하다.In recent years, schools, kindergartens, apartments, as well as churches and catering companies often create artificial playgrounds for children in the vacant lot. At this time, in consideration of the safety or emotional aspects of the children it is preferable to form a sand field by laying a sand layer on the bottom of the artificial playground.
이처럼 인공 놀이터의 바닥에 모래밭을 형성하기 위해서는 통상 딱딱한 기반층 위에 자갈이나 굵은 모래를 덮고 그 위에 외부에서 구입한 인공 모래층을 덮게 된다. 이때, 상기 인공 모래층은 가급적 그 두께를 높게 형성하는 것이 자연 모래 밭에 가까운 기능을 발휘하겠지만, 경제적인 측면 등을 고려해 볼 때 상기 모래층의 두께나 사용량에는 어느 정도 한계가 있다. As such, in order to form a sandbox on the bottom of the artificial playground, the coarse or coarse sand is usually covered on a hard base layer, and the artificial sand layer purchased from the outside is covered thereon. At this time, the artificial sand layer, if possible to form a higher thickness as possible to exhibit a function close to the natural sand field, but considering the economical aspect, there is some limit to the thickness or the amount of the sand layer used.
따라서 통상적인 시공방법으로 모래층을 형성할 경우, 모래는 다른 골재에 비하여 공극율이 낮기 때문에 어느 정도 시간이 경과하고 반복적인 강수에 노출되면, 모래가 스스로 다져져서 배수성이나 충격 흡수력이 크게 감소하여 모래밭 고유의 기능을 상실하게 된다.Therefore, when the sand layer is formed by the conventional construction method, the sand has lower porosity than other aggregates, so if it is exposed to repeated precipitation for some time, the sand is compacted by itself and the drainage or shock absorbing power is greatly reduced, thereby inherent in the sand field. Will lose its function.
이에 본 발명이 해결하고자 하는 과제는 어린이 놀이터에 있어서, 모래 사용량을 절감할 수 있고, 나아가 모래밭 고유의 배수성 및 충격 흡수력을 오랫동안 유지할 수 있는 놀이터용 모래층의 시공방법을 제공하는 것이다.The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction method of the sand layer for the playground that can reduce the sand usage in the children's playground, and furthermore can maintain the intrinsic drainage and shock absorbing power for a long time.
상기 과제를 해결하기 위하여 본 발명에 따른 놀이터용 모래층의 시공방법은 기반층 형성단계와; 상기 기반층 위에 직경이 5 ~ 25 mm인 폐고무칩을 80 ~ 200 mm 의 두께로 도포하는 탄성고무층 형성단계와; 상기 탄성고무층 위에 부직포를 덮는 부직포층 형성단계와; 상기 부직포층 위에 200 ~ 500 mm의 두께로 모래를 덮는 모래층 형성단계; 로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to solve the above problems, the construction method of a sand layer for a playground according to the present invention includes a base layer forming step; An elastic rubber layer forming step of applying a waste rubber chip having a diameter of 5 to 25 mm to a thickness of 80 to 200 mm on the base layer; Forming a nonwoven fabric layer covering the nonwoven fabric on the elastic rubber layer; A sand layer forming step of covering sand with a thickness of 200 to 500 mm on the nonwoven fabric layer; Characterized in that consists of.
본 발명은 상기 탄성고무층 형성 단계에서는 상기 폐고무칩 90 ~ 97중량%와 바인더 수지 3 ~ 10 중량%를 혼합하여 도포하는 것을 특징으로 한다. The present invention is characterized in that the elastic rubber layer forming step is applied by mixing the waste rubber chip 90 ~ 97% by weight and binder resin 3 ~ 10% by weight.
또한, 상기 모래층 형성단계에서는 은(銀) 나노 분말 0.01 ~ 0.05 중량%가포함된 항균 모래를 사용하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the sand layer forming step is characterized by using antibacterial sand containing 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of silver (나노) nanopowder.
본 발명에 따라 시공된 탄성 모래층은 시공 후 상당한 시간이 경과하고 잦은 강수에 노출되어도 상기 모래층이 시공초기의 충격 흡수력과 배수성을 유지하며, 특히 층간 종변위(縱變位)가 발생하지 않는 효과가 있다.The elastic sand layer constructed in accordance with the present invention maintains the shock absorbing power and drainage of the initial stage of construction even when exposed to frequent precipitation after considerable time after construction, and in particular, there is no effect of longitudinal longitudinal displacement between layers. have.
이하, 본 발명에 따른 놀이터용 탄성 모래층의 시공방법을 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the construction method of the elastic sand layer for a playground according to the present invention will be described in detail.
본 발명은 기반층 형성단계와, 탄성고무층 형성단계, 부직포층 형성단계 및 모래층 형성단계로 이루어진다.The present invention comprises a base layer forming step, an elastic rubber layer forming step, a nonwoven fabric layer forming step and a sand layer forming step.
상기 기반층 형성단계에서는 통상적인 방법으로 기반층을 형성한다. 상기 기반층은 평평하게 다져진 지면이나, 상기 지면 위에 포설된 콘크리트 또는 아스팔트 포장, 보도블록 또는 쇄석 다짐층일 수도 있다. 상기 기반층은 지면보다 약 300 ~ 500 mm 정도 낮게 형성하는 것이 바람직하다.In the base layer forming step, a base layer is formed by a conventional method. The base layer may be flat ground or a concrete or asphalt pavement, sidewalk block or crushed stone layer laid on the ground. The base layer is preferably formed about 300 ~ 500 mm lower than the ground.
다음으로 탄성고무층 형성단계에서는 상기 기반층 위에 직경이 5 ~ 25 mm인 폐고무칩을 80 ~ 200 mm의 두께로 도포한다. 상기 폐고무칩은 용도 폐기된 천연고무나 합성고무, 우레탄고무, EPDM(Ethylene Propylene Dien Monomer) 중 어느 것을 분쇄하여 사용해도 좋으나, 바람직하기로는 폐타이어를 5 ~ 25mm의 크기로 분쇄하여 사용하는 것이 좋다. 상기 탄성고무층은 그 상위층인 모래층에 충분한 탄력성을 제공하며, 동시에 모래층의 배수성을 향상시켜 주는 기능을 한다. Next, in the elastic rubber layer forming step, a waste rubber chip having a diameter of 5 to 25 mm is coated on the base layer to a thickness of 80 to 200 mm. The waste rubber chip may be used by pulverizing any of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, urethane rubber, and EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Dien Monomer) which have been used, but preferably, waste tires are crushed to a size of 5 to 25 mm. good. The elastic rubber layer provides a sufficient elasticity to the upper sand layer, and at the same time serves to improve the drainage of the sand layer.
만일 상기 폐고무칩의 직경이 5 mm 미만이면, 고무칩 사이의 공극이 감소하여 탄성고무층의 탄력성과 배수성이 감소할 우려가 있다. 또한, 본 발명에서는 다음에 설명하는 바와 같이, 상기 폐고무칩에다 바인더 수지를 혼합하여 사용할 수도 있는데, 이 경우 상기 폐고무칩의 직경이 5 mm 미만이면 상기 바인더 수지의 사용량이 급격히 증가하여 경제성이 낮아지는 문제점이 발생한다.If the diameter of the waste rubber chip is less than 5 mm, the gap between the rubber chips is reduced, there is a fear that the elasticity and drainage of the elastic rubber layer. In addition, in the present invention, as described below, a binder resin may be mixed with the waste rubber chip to be used. In this case, when the diameter of the waste rubber chip is less than 5 mm, the amount of the binder resin is rapidly increased and economical efficiency is achieved. The problem of being lowered occurs.
반대로 상기 폐고무칩의 직경이 25 mm 이상이면 그 상위층인 모래층의 탄력성이 증가하여 보행감이 불량해 지는 문제가 발생할 수 있고, 특히 폐타이어를 파쇄하여 제조되는 폐고무칩의 경우에는 여러 가지 제조공정상의 이유로 인해 직경이 25 mm 이상인 폐고무칩은 상업화 되어 있지 않다.On the contrary, if the diameter of the waste rubber chip is 25 mm or more, the elasticity of the sand layer, which is the upper layer thereof, may increase, resulting in a problem of poor walking feeling. For normal reasons, waste rubber chips larger than 25 mm in diameter are not commercialized.
또한, 통상적으로 어린이 놀이터의 바닥재를 고무칩으로 조성하는 경우, 낙하 사고로 인한 안전성 등을 고려하여 놀이기구의 높이에 따라 50 ~ 110 mm의 두께로 조성하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나, 본 발명에서는 탄성고무층의 상부에 두께가 200 ~ 500 mm인 모래층이 적재되기 때문에, 상기 모래층의 두께가 200 mm일 경우에는 상기 탄성고무층이 약 300 ~ 340 kg/㎡의 상시하중을 받고, 두께가 500 mm일 경우에는 750 ~ 850 kg/㎡의 상시하중을 받는다. In addition, in general, when the flooring material of the children's playground is made of rubber chips, it is common to form a thickness of 50 to 110 mm in accordance with the height of the playground in consideration of safety due to the falling accident. However, in the present invention, since a sand layer having a thickness of 200 to 500 mm is loaded on the upper portion of the elastic rubber layer, when the thickness of the sand layer is 200 mm, the elastic rubber layer receives a constant load of about 300 to 340 kg / m 2, If the thickness is 500 mm, it receives a constant load of 750 ~ 850 kg / ㎡.
따라서, 본 발명에서는 상기 탄성고무층의 두께를 80 ~ 200 mm의 두께로 설정하였는 바, 만일 상기 두께가 80mm 미만이면 충분한 탄력성과 배수성을 얻기 어렵고, 반대로 200mm 이상이면 시공비만 상승에 비해 두께 증가에 따른 상승효과를 기대하기 힘들다. Accordingly, in the present invention, the thickness of the elastic rubber layer is set to a thickness of 80 to 200 mm, if the thickness is less than 80mm, it is difficult to obtain sufficient elasticity and drainage, and if the thickness is 200 mm or more, only the construction cost increases due to the increase in thickness. It is hard to expect synergies.
한편, 상기 탄성고무층 형성단계에서는 폐고무칩을 단독으로 사용할 수도 있지만, 상기 폐고무칩 90 ~ 97중량%와 바인더 수지 3 ~ 10 중량%를 혼합하여 상기 탄성고무층을 형성할 수도 있다. 상기 바인더 수지로는 폐고무칩을 서로 접착시킬 수 있는 접착성 수지라면 어느 것을 사용해도 좋으나, 우레탄계 바인더를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 이처럼 상기 폐고무칩에다 바인더 수지를 혼합하게 되면, 상기 탄성고무층이 한 덩어리로 뭉쳐져서 폐고무칩의 유실을 방지하고, 나아가 상기 탄 성고무층이 횡적으로 안정적인 형태를 유지하여 층간 종변위(縱變位)가 일어나는 것을 방지할 수 있다.Meanwhile, in the step of forming the elastic rubber layer, the waste rubber chip may be used alone, but the elastic rubber layer may be formed by mixing 90 to 97 wt% of the waste rubber chip and 3 to 10 wt% of the binder resin. The binder resin may be any adhesive resin capable of adhering the waste rubber chips to each other, but it is preferable to use a urethane-based binder. When the binder resin is mixed with the waste rubber chips as described above, the elastic rubber layers are aggregated into a single mass to prevent the loss of the waste rubber chips, and further, the elastic rubber layers maintain a horizontally stable shape so that the longitudinal displacement of the elastic rubber layers is maintained. I) can be prevented from occurring;
만일 상기 바인더의 양이 3 중량% 미만이면, 상기 탄성고무층이 안정적인 형태를 유지하기 어렵고, 10 중량% 이상이면, 폐타이어 칩 사이의 공극들이 감소하여 결과적으로 탄성층의 탄력성 및 배수성이 감소하는 문제점이 있다.If the amount of the binder is less than 3% by weight, it is difficult for the elastic rubber layer to maintain a stable shape. If the amount of the binder is 10% by weight or more, the voids between the waste tire chips are reduced, resulting in a decrease in elasticity and drainage of the elastic layer. There is this.
다음으로 부직포층 형성단계에서는 상기 탄성층 위에 통상적인 부직포를 홑겹 또는 2~3겹으로 겹쳐서 덮는 것이다. 상기 부직포층은 그 하부층인 탄성고무층과 그 상부층인 모래층을 분리하여 상부층의 모래가 하부층의 폐고무칩 사이의 공극으로 침투하는 것을 방지한다.Next, in the nonwoven fabric layer forming step, the conventional nonwoven fabric is covered with a single layer or two to three layers on the elastic layer. The nonwoven layer separates the elastic rubber layer, which is a lower layer, and the sand layer, which is an upper layer thereof, to prevent the sand of the upper layer from penetrating into the voids between the waste rubber chips of the lower layer.
만일 상기 탄성고무층과 모래층 사이에 부직포층이 없으면, 상부층의 모래가 하부층의 폐고무칩 사이로 침투하여 모래층이 유실되는 것은 물론, 탄성고무층의 탄력 및 배수성이 크게 감소하게 된다.If there is no nonwoven layer between the elastic rubber layer and the sand layer, the sand of the upper layer penetrates between the waste rubber chips of the lower layer and the sand layer is lost, as well as the elasticity and drainage of the elastic rubber layer are greatly reduced.
마지막으로 모래층 형성단계에서는 상기 부직포층 위에 모래를 200 ~ 500 mm의 두께로 골고루 펴서 덮는 것이다. 이때, 상기 모래는 통상적인 모래를 사용할 수도 있으나, 항균 처리된 항균모래를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 상기 항균모래로는 전체 모래 사용량에 대하여 0.01 ~ 0.05 중량%의 은(銀) 나노 분말이 혼합된 것을 사용할 수 있다. 만일 상기 은 나노 분말의 함량이 0.01 중량% 미만이면, 원하는 항균효과를 기대하기 어렵고, 0.05 중량% 이상이면 비용이 크게 상승하게 된다.Finally, in the sand layer forming step, the sand is evenly spread on the nonwoven fabric layer with a thickness of 200 to 500 mm. At this time, the sand may be used as a conventional sand, it is preferable to use the antibacterial sand treated. The antibacterial sand may be a mixture of 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of silver nanopowders with respect to the total amount of sand used. If the content of the silver nano powder is less than 0.01% by weight, it is difficult to expect the desired antimicrobial effect, if the weight is more than 0.05% by weight is greatly increased.
한편, 본 발명에서는 상기 기반층 형성단계와 탄성고무층 형성단계 사이에 추가적으로 프라이머 도포단계를 실시할 수도 있다. 상기 프라이머 도포단계에서는 상기 기반층 위에 시중에서 판매되고 있는 통상적인 프라이머 수지를 예컨대 0.4 ~ 0.5 kg/㎡ 의 두께로 스프레이 코팅한다. 상기 프라이머층은 그 하위층인 기반층과 그 상위층인 탄성고무층 사이의 접착력을 증가시켜 주는 기능을 한다.On the other hand, in the present invention, a primer coating step may be additionally performed between the base layer forming step and the elastic rubber layer forming step. In the primer application step, a conventional primer resin commercially available on the base layer is spray coated to a thickness of 0.4 to 0.5 kg / m 2, for example. The primer layer functions to increase the adhesive force between the underlying layer and its elastic rubber layer.
이하, 바람직한 실시예를 들어 본 발명을 더욱 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments.
[실시예 1]Example 1
지면보다 300 mm 정도 낮게 가로 20m, 세로 30m 크기의 쇄석기반층을 형성하고, 상기 기반층 위에 직경이 15 ~ 25 mm인 폐고무칩을 150 mm의 두께로 도포하여 탄성고무층을 형성하였다.A crushed stone foundation layer having a width of 20 m and a length of 30 m was formed to be 300 mm lower than the ground, and an elastic rubber layer was formed by applying a waste rubber chip having a diameter of 15 to 25 mm to a thickness of 150 mm on the base layer.
상기 탄성고무층 위에 부직포를 2겹으로 겹쳐서 덮고, 그 위에 0.03 중량%가 포함된 항균 모래를 300 mm의 두께로 덮어서 탄성 모래층을 형성하였다.The elastic rubber layer was covered with two layers of nonwoven fabric, and the elastic sand layer was formed by covering the antimicrobial sand containing 0.03% by weight with a thickness of 300 mm.
[실시예 2][Example 2]
직경이 15 ~ 25mm인 폐고무칩 95중량%와 우레탄계 바인더수지(상품명; Union Chemical Inc.의 'U-1000' 시리즈) 5 중량%를 충분히 혼합하여 탄성고무층을 형성하는 것 이외에는 상기 실시예 1과 동일한 방법으로 실시하여 탄성 모래층을 형성하였다.Except for 95% by weight of the waste rubber chip having a diameter of 15 to 25mm and 5% by weight of the urethane-based binder resin (trade name; 'U-1000' series of Union Chemical Inc.) to form an elastic rubber layer except that The same procedure was followed to form an elastic sand layer.
상기 실시예 1 및 2에 따라 형성된 놀이터용 탄성 모래층은 상당한 시간이 경과하고, 잦은 강수에 노출되어도 초기 상태의 충격 흡수력과 배수성을 그대로 유지하면서 층간 종변위(縱變位)도 발생하지 않은 것으로 확인되었다.The elastic sand layer for playgrounds formed in accordance with Examples 1 and 2 was found to have a considerable time elapsed, and that even when exposed to frequent precipitation, no longitudinal displacement occurred between layers while maintaining shock absorption and drainage in the initial state. It became.
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JP2000086901A (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2000-03-28 | Sankei:Kk | Antimicrobial elastic layer composition, antimicrobial elastic pavement, and its application |
JP3454375B2 (en) * | 1994-02-28 | 2003-10-06 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | Nonwoven laminated structure, manufacturing method and product using the same |
KR100614686B1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-08-22 | 김인중 | A elasticity paving materials for the playground |
KR100736073B1 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2007-07-06 | 박찬호 | Flexible pavement structure by using rubber chips and its construction process |
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JP3454375B2 (en) * | 1994-02-28 | 2003-10-06 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | Nonwoven laminated structure, manufacturing method and product using the same |
JP2000086901A (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2000-03-28 | Sankei:Kk | Antimicrobial elastic layer composition, antimicrobial elastic pavement, and its application |
KR100614686B1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-08-22 | 김인중 | A elasticity paving materials for the playground |
KR100736073B1 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2007-07-06 | 박찬호 | Flexible pavement structure by using rubber chips and its construction process |
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