KR100957812B1 - Method for locatingfault distance of trolley line and system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for locating the fault distance of trolley line and a system thereof are provided to allow a user to find out an exact faulty point by using a function of the impedance of the railroad and the distance corresponding to the impedance. CONSTITUTION: Forward Impedance and reverse impedance are measured from a first point to a second point which are on the railroad of an electric train. The forward impedance and reverse impedance are saved as an impedance function of the distance. A first distance corresponds to the forward impedance function from the first point. A second distance corresponds to the reverse impedance function from the second point. Mutual matching position is obtained by calculating the first and second distance and is determined as a fault location.

Description

Fault expression method and system of tram line {METHOD FOR LOCATINGFAULT DISTANCE OF TROLLEY LINE AND SYSTEM THEREOF}

The present invention relates to a failure point expression method and system thereof, and to a failure point expression method and system capable of accurately detecting a failure point even when a failure occurs in a tram line and a relay failure. .

In general, the power system is always pressurized and exposed to the external environment, and there is a possibility that a failure may occur due to a change in temperature, humidity, wind, etc., as well as contact with foreign matter or external shock. In particular, the power supply system for the electric railway is operating under harsh conditions than the general electric power equipment because the power equipment is constantly stressed as the load changes constantly.

Therefore, it is impossible to fundamentally eliminate the occurrence of a failure, but when the failure occurs, it is necessary to quickly detect and recover the failure point to minimize the failure range and to quickly eliminate the failure.

Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the exact point of failure by the relay or the fault point expression device installed in the substation, for this purpose by the relay or fault point expression device installed in the substation (SS) or feed station (SP) or auxiliary feed station (SSP) Since the distance from the reference point to the fault point is calculated using the impedance (R + jX), it is necessary to secure the correct impedance value in order to detect the correct fault point or to operate the protection relay correctly.

For example, Korean Patent No. 0121702 discloses an apparatus for performing impedance measurement of a tram line by adjusting an actual fault current during operation, and a method of expressing a fault point using the same.

Referring to Figure 6 in more detail as follows.

Measuring the impedance of the trolley line with the starting point of the tram line as a reference position usually increases with distance, but as shown in FIG. 6, the impedance according to the distance of the tram line is curved due to the influence of the single winding transformer in the middle of the feed line. It appears in the form of increasing impedance with. Therefore, since the impedance of the tramline is different from the linear increase in the proportion of the general power line in this way, it is difficult to calculate by calculation. When it occurs, it can be used to detect the point of failure.

However, if the line impedance measured at the time of failure is detected at three points of ①, ②, ③ in the above function, it is difficult to find the exact failure point. That is, there is a disadvantage in that the location of the point corresponding to the point has to be checked three times.

The present invention for solving the above disadvantages is to provide a method and system that can find the exact point of failure by using the line impedance and the distance function corresponding to the impedance measured at the time of failure of the tram line.

As a method of expressing a failure point of the tram line of the present invention for achieving the above object, by measuring the forward impedance and the reverse impedance according to the distance from the first point to the second point on the tram line and stored as an impedance function of the distance And by using a forward impedance at a first point and a reverse impedance at a second point measured at the time of failure by means of a reverse distance function from a first distance and a second point corresponding to a forward impedance function from the first point. And calculating a corresponding second distance to determine the mutually matched position as a failure point. That is, the first distance is a distance obtained by inputting the impedance measured at the first point of failure in the forward division function in the section divided into the first point and the second point, and the second distance is measured at the second point of failure means in the same section. The distance obtained by inputting the impedance into the reverse impedance function. The mutually matching position means to find a matching position by displaying a second distance from the first point and a second distance from the second point in the section.

In addition, in the method of expressing a failure point of the tram line of the present invention, the first point and the second point are points of a substation, a feed station, or an auxiliary feed station located on the tram line.

(k : 제1 지점에서의 고장점까지의 거리, D : 제1 지점과 제2 지점 사이의 거리, d1 : 제1 거리, d2 : 제2 거리)에 의해 산출되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, in the method of expressing a failure point of the tram line of the present invention, the mutually matching position is

(k: distance from the first point to the point of failure, D: distance between the first point and the second point, d1: first distance, d2: second distance).

In addition, in the method for expressing a failure point of the tram line of the present invention, when a plurality of the first distance and the second distance are derived, the pair located closest to each other is selected as the first distance and the second distance. do.

On the other hand, the fault point expression system of the tram line having the measurement section of the present invention, the central control unit and the forward and reverse impedance value of the measurement section is stored as a function of the distance, and are provided with a measuring position at both ends of the measurement section, respectively It includes forward and reverse relay for measuring the line impedance in the forward and reverse direction in real time to the central control unit, the central control unit inputs the forward impedance value and the reverse impedance value measured at the time of failure, according to the forward impedance function The first distance from the measurement position of the corresponding forward impedance and the second distance from the measurement position of the corresponding reverse impedance are calculated by the reverse impedance function to determine the mutually matched position as a failure point.

(K : 기준위치에서 고장점까지의 거리, S : 기준위치에서 고장 발생시 순방향 임피던스를 측정한 계전기의 측정위치까지의 거리, D : 측정구간의 거리, d1 : 제1 거리, d2 : 제2 거리)에 의해 산출되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, in the fault point expression system of the tram line having the measurement section of the present invention, the central control unit stores the distance information from the reference position to each relay measurement position, the fault point is

(K: distance from the reference position to the failure point, S: distance from the reference position to the measurement position of the relay measuring forward impedance, D: distance from the measurement section, d1: first distance, d2: second distance) It is characterized by being calculated by).

In addition, in the fault point facial expression system of the tram line having the measurement section of the present invention, the relay is characterized in that it is installed to have a measuring position in the substation, feed station or auxiliary feed station.

In addition, in the failure point expression system of the tram line having the measurement section of the present invention, a breaker for disconnecting the power supply of the line in the event of a failure is installed at both boundaries of the measurement section, the relay is a failure point expression in the measurement section If so, characterized in that to output the cutoff control signal to the breakers located at both boundaries.

In addition, in the fault expression system of the tram line having the measurement section of the present invention, the central control unit, if a plurality of first distance and the second distance is derived, the pair closest matching the first distance and the first distance We include feature to choose in two distances.

On the other hand, a fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section composed of a plurality of subsections, wherein the forward and reverse impedance values of the measurement section are stored as a function of distance and the measurement points are positioned at both ends of each subsection. And forward and reverse relays for measuring line impedance in forward and reverse directions, respectively, for real-time transmission to the central control unit, and circuit breakers provided between the reverse relay and the forward relay at the boundaries of the small sections. The relay is set to sequentially increase the breaker operating time and the impedance measurement transmission time for a plurality of adjacent small sections in the forward direction, and the reverse relay is set to sequentially increase the breaker operating time and impedance measurement for a plurality of adjacent small sections in the reverse direction. The transmission time is set and fault The time forward relay operates the reverse circuit breaker and transmits the measured forward impedance to the central controller, and the reverse relay operates the forward circuit breaker, and transmits the measured reverse impedance to the central controller. A forward impedance value received from the relay and a reverse impedance value received from the reverse relay are input, and a first distance corresponding to the forward impedance function and a second distance corresponding to the reverse impedance function are calculated and matched with each other. Characterize the position as a failure point.

(K : 설정위치에서 고장점까지의 거리, S : 설정위치에서 고장 발생시 순방향 임피던스를 측정한 계전기까지의 거리, D : 고장발생시 순방향 및 역방향 임피던스를 측정한 계전기간 거리, d1 : 제1 거리, d2 : 제2 거리)에 의해 산출되는 것을 특징으로 한다. In addition, a fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section composed of a plurality of small sections, the central control unit is stored in advance the distance information from the reference position to each relay measurement position, the fault point is

(K: distance from setting position to fault point, S: distance from setting position to relay measuring forward impedance in case of failure, D: relay duration distance measuring forward and reverse impedance in case of failure, d1: first distance, d2: second distance).

On the other hand, the fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section composed of a plurality of small sections, the relay is characterized in that installed in the substation, feed station or auxiliary feed station.

On the other hand, as a fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section consisting of a plurality of small sections, the central control unit, when a plurality of first distance and a plurality of second distance is derived, the first pair is the closest match And a feature for selecting the distance and the second distance.

On the other hand, a fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section of the present invention, having a measurement position at one end of the measurement section, the forward impedance value of the measurement section is stored as a function of the distance, and the line impedance in the forward direction And a forward relay for calculating at least one first distance corresponding to the forward impedance function by inputting a forward impedance value measured at the time of failure and transmitting it to the central control unit, and having a measurement position at the other end of the measurement section. The reverse impedance value of the interval is stored as a function of distance, and the line impedance in the reverse direction is measured, and at least one second distance corresponding to the reverse impedance function is calculated by inputting the reverse impedance value measured at the time of failure. And a reverse relay for transmitting to the central control unit, the first distance and the second distance Receiving transmission is characterized in that a central control unit for determining cross-matching position as a point of failure.

(K : 설정위치에서 고장점까지의 거리, S : 설정위치에서 고장 발생시 순방향 임피던스를 측정한 계전기까지의 거리, D : 고장발생시 순방향 및 역방향 임피던스를 측정한 계전기간 거리, d1 : 제1 거리, d2 : 제2 거리)에 의해 산출되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, as a fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section of the present invention, the central controller is stored in advance the distance information from the reference position to each relay measurement position, the fault point is

(K: distance from setting position to fault point, S: distance from setting position to relay measuring forward impedance in case of failure, D: relay duration distance measuring forward and reverse impedance in case of failure, d1: first distance, d2: second distance).

In addition, the fault point expression system of the tram line having the measurement section of the present invention, the relay is characterized in that installed in the substation, feed station or auxiliary feed station.

In addition, as a fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section of the present invention, a breaker for disconnecting the power supply of the line in the event of a failure is installed at both boundaries of the measurement section, the relay is a failure point expression in the measurement section If so, characterized in that to output the cutoff control signal to the breakers located at both boundaries.

In addition, the fault point expression system of the tram line having the measurement section of the present invention, wherein the central control unit, if there is a plurality of first distance and the second distance transmitted from each forward relay and the reverse relay, as long as the closest match And selecting the pair as a first distance and a second distance.

On the other hand, as a fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section composed of a plurality of small sections of the present invention, a breaker provided between a reverse relay and a forward relay at the boundary of each small section, and a measurement position at one end of each small section. The forward impedance value of the small section is stored as a function of distance, and the breaker operating time and the impedance measurement transmission time are sequentially set for a plurality of adjacent small sections in the forward direction, and the line impedance in the forward direction is measured. In case of failure, operate the reverse circuit breaker, input the measured forward impedance value, calculate the at least one first distance corresponding to the forward impedance function, and transmit it to the central control unit and measure at the other end of each subsection. Position, and the reverse impedance value of the small section should be The breaker operating time and the impedance measurement transmission time are sequentially set for a plurality of adjacent small sections in the reverse direction, the line impedance in the reverse direction is measured, the breaker in the forward direction is activated in the event of a failure, and the measured reverse direction is measured. A reverse relay for inputting an impedance value and calculating at least one or more second distances corresponding to the reverse impedance function to be transmitted to a central control unit, and receiving the first distance and the second distance to determine a mutual matching position as a failure point; It characterized in that it comprises a central control unit.

(K : 설정위치에서 고장점까지의 거리, S : 설정위치에서 고장 발생시 순방향 임피던스를 측정한 계전기까지의 거리, D : 고장발생시 순방향 및 역방향 임피던스를 측정한 계전기간 거리, d1 : 제1 거리, d2 : 제2 거리)에 의해 산출되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, a fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section consisting of a plurality of small sections of the present invention, wherein the central controller is stored in advance the distance information from the reference position to each relay measurement position, the fault point is

(K: distance from setting position to fault point, S: distance from setting position to relay measuring forward impedance in case of failure, D: relay duration distance measuring forward and reverse impedance in case of failure, d1: first distance, d2: second distance).

In addition, the fault point expression system of the tram line having a measurement section consisting of a plurality of small sections of the present invention, the relay is characterized in that installed in the substation, feed station or auxiliary feed station.

In addition, the fault point expression system of the tram line having a measurement section consisting of a plurality of small sections of the present invention, wherein the central control unit, the plurality of first distance and the second distance transmitted from the forward relay and the reverse relay, respectively And selecting the closest matched pair as the first distance and the second distance.

According to the present invention as described above, by measuring the impedance corresponding to each point measured in advance in the database, by measuring the impedance of the line measured in the bidirectional direction to match the database to detect the point of failure, accurately and quickly There is an advantage that can look.

As the inventive concept allows for various changes and numerous embodiments, particular embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the written description. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific embodiments, it should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Terms including ordinal numbers such as first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the second component may be referred to as the first component, and similarly, the first component may also be referred to as the second component.

When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another component, it may be directly connected to or connected to that other component, but it may be understood that other components may be present in between. Should be. On the other hand, when a component is said to be "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there is no other component in between.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, the terms "comprises" or "having" are intended to indicate that there is a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, and one or more other features. It is to be understood that the present invention does not exclude the possibility of the presence or the addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, components, or a combination thereof.

Now, with reference to the drawings with respect to the method and system for the expression of the failure point of the tram line in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail, the same or corresponding components are given the same reference numerals and duplicated thereto The description may be omitted.

1 is a view schematically showing a tram line according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between distances corresponding to bidirectional impedances of an 'A' section shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating a method of expression of a failure point when a failure occurs in any one section, FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between distances corresponding to bidirectional impedances of the sections 'A to C' shown in FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance corresponding to the bidirectional impedance of the 'B-C' section shown in FIG.

A typical tramway is provided with a substation (SS), a feed station (SP), and an auxiliary feed station (SSP) (hereinafter referred to as a division), each of which is provided with a single winding transformer (AT). Therefore, the impedance measurement graph according to the distance of the conventional type as shown in FIG. 6 may be shown. In this embodiment, the section from the substation SS to the feed station SP is described as a measurement section, and the section between each substation is described as a small section, but the section from one substation to another substation or between the substations is described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the section provided in combination is also applied to the measurement section or the small section. In addition, two substations SSP and SSP2 are described as an example between the substation SS and the feed station SP, but the number of substations is not limited thereto.

Each of the substation SS, the feed station SP, and the auxiliary feed station SSP measures forward impedances of the tram lines and transmits them in real time, as shown in FIG. 1. 37) and reverse relays 32, 34, 36 for measuring the reverse impedance and transmitting them in real time. In the present embodiment, although the relay for measuring the reverse impedance is omitted in the substation (SS), it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a relay for measuring the impedance in the left direction may be installed. The opposite direction is defined as reverse direction.

In addition, the substation SS is provided with a central control unit 10 in which the forward and reverse impedance values of the measurement sections A to C are stored as a function of distance, and each substation SS, a power supply station SP, and an auxiliary unit are installed. The power supply station (SSP) is provided with a circuit breaker (21 ~ 24) for shutting off the power supply when a failure occurs in the line of the section.

In the present embodiment as described above, the function of the distance between the forward and reverse impedance values of any one section of the 'A' section, that is, the section stored in the central control unit 10 can be shown as a graph of FIG. have. In the present embodiment, for the sake of convenience of description, the forward and reverse impedance graphs are symmetrical to each other as an example. However, this may vary depending on line conditions.

When a failure occurs by the stored function as described above, the failure point can be easily expressed by the first relay 31 and the second relay 32.

That is, when a failure occurs at the failure point F1, the central controller 10 receiving the forward impedance value measured by the first relay 31 and the reverse impedance value measured by the second relay 32 in real time is as shown in FIG. 2. Corresponding to the function, the forward side first distance and the reverse side second distance for detecting the failure point can be known. The first distance is the distance from the measurement position of the first relay 31, and the second distance is the distance from the measurement position of the second relay 32.

Using the first distance and the second distance as described above to express the fault point, this can be achieved by the following equation (1).

[Equation 1]

(k: distance from the location where the first relay is installed, D: distance from the location where the first relay is installed to the location where the second relay is installed, d1: first distance, d2: second distance)

As shown in FIG. 3, in the case of (a), the first distance and the second distance coincide at exactly the same point, and in the case of (b), the first distance and the second distance do not coincide with each other. In the case of c), a case may occur where the first distance and the second distance partially overlap each other. In Equation 1, all cases of FIGS. 3A to 3C may be expressed. Since the distance from the reference position to each of the relays 31 to 37 is input to the central controller 10 in advance, the fault point position can be easily expressed from the reference position by the following equation (2). However, it should be understood that the position in which the relay is shown in FIG. 1 indicates the measuring position of the relay.

[Equation 2]

(K: distance from the reference position to the fault point, S: distance from the reference position to the measurement position of the first measuring instrument, D: distance from section A, d1: first distance, d2: second distance)

When the failure point F1 is expressed in the 'A' section as described above, each of the first relay 31 and the second relay 32 outputs a control signal to the circuit breakers 21 and 22 to break the circuit breaker. Will operate to cut off the power supply to the section 'A'.

Equations 1 and 2 can easily express the position from a certain reference position to the point of failure. In the present embodiment, but described in the section 'A' as an example, it is not limited thereto. That is, the fault point expression of the section between the substation SS and the power supply station SP in FIG. 1 may also be expressed by only the substation-side meter measuring forward impedance and the feeder-side meter measuring reverse impedance. In this case, an example of distance matching by an impedance function is shown in FIG. 4.

On the other hand, when the failure point (F2) occurs in the 'C' section as shown in Figure 1, and the inoperative state occurs in the fifth relay 35 for measuring the forward impedance of the 'C' section, the previous division By using the third relay 33 located in the cow, the expression of the trouble point is possible.

As shown in FIG. 5, when a failure occurs, the third terminal 33 measures the forward impedance value of the 'B' section and the forward impedance value of the 'C' section, and the sixth relay 36 determines the forward impedance value. By measuring the reverse impedance value of the C 'section, the central control unit 10 receives the measured forward impedance value and the reverse impedance value to express a failure point. At this time, when the reverse impedance value measured by the sixth relay 36 matches the distance of the impedance function as shown in FIG. 5, when a plurality of points are displayed as b and b ', Discard b 'with a lot of deviation and calculate the breakpoint using only the distance of b. In other words, it takes b closest to a to make a more accurate fault point expression. In summary, the central control unit 10 is the closest to the forward side and the reverse side of the plurality of points when a plurality of points are displayed when the forward impedance value and the reverse impedance value measured at the time of failure are matched by the impedance function. It takes two points and calculates the point of failure.

At this time, each of the relays 31 to 37 should have a measuring time sequentially increasing for each measurement direction, the central control unit 10, if the impedance measurement value is not input from the fifth relay 35, the third relay The failure point is expressed by using the measured impedance value of (33). For example, the relay for measuring the forward impedance is the first relay 31, the third relay 33, the fifth relay 35, the seventh relay 37, each relay from the substation (SS) The measurement direction, that is, the right direction in the drawing, is set to have a measured value transmission time having a delay of 1 second for each section. Accordingly, the first relay 31 measures the impedance of the 'B' section and transmits it to the central controller 10 within 2 seconds, and measures the impedance of the 'C' section and transmits the impedance to the central controller 10 within 3 seconds. will be. The third to seventh relays operate in the same manner, and the central controller 10 has a failure in F2 in the 'C' section, and when the fifth relay 35 is inoperable, Since there is no measured value of the five relay 35, the failure point may be expressed by using the impedance value transmitted from the third relay 33 two seconds later and the impedance value of the sixth relay 36.

In this case, the third circuit breaker 23 and the fourth circuit breaker 24 operate to block the corresponding section 'C', and the fourth circuit breaker 24 operates by the control signal of the sixth relay 36. However, since the third circuit breaker 23 does not perform the operation due to the inability of the fifth relay 35, each of the relays 31 to 37 outputs a blocking control signal sequentially increasing in the opposite direction to the measurement direction. Should be set to

Therefore, the failure section can be blocked by the control signal of another adjacent relay when one relay is inoperative.

In the above-described embodiment, the forward and reverse impedance values are stored in the central controller 10 as a function of distance, but the measurement intervals, that is, 'A', 'B', 'C' A function of the distance may be stored in each relay, individually or throughout the 'A to C' interval. Therefore, the line impedance in a predetermined direction is measured, the impedance value measured at the time of failure is input, the distance corresponding to the function is calculated and transmitted to the central control unit 10, and the central control unit 10 is a reference position. Since the distances to the measuring positions of the relays 31 to 37 are recorded in advance, the position of the failure point can be easily corrected through Equation 2 above. Similarly, in the measurement section consisting of a plurality of small sections, the impedance measurement value transmission time and the breaker operation control time are increased to increase in the measurement direction and the opposite direction in consideration of the case where one relay is inoperable. It is possible to measure the impedance when a fault occurs by another relay, and to block the section by operating the breaker of the small section where the fault occurs.

Embodiment of the present invention described above should not be construed as limiting the technical idea of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is limited only by the matters described in the claims, and those skilled in the art can change and change the technical idea of the present invention in various forms. Therefore, such improvements and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention as long as it will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

1 is a view schematically showing a tramway according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between distances corresponding to bidirectional impedances of the 'A' section shown in FIG.

3 is a graph for explaining a method of expression of a failure point when a failure occurs in any one section

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between distances corresponding to bidirectional impedances of the sections 'A to C' shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between distances corresponding to bidirectional impedances of the section 'B-C' shown in FIG.

6 is a graph for explaining a conventional technology.

Claims (22)

As a way to express the fault of the tram line, Measuring forward impedance and reverse impedance according to the distance from the first point to the second point on the tram line and storing them as a function of impedance of the distance; A second distance corresponding to the first distance corresponding to the forward impedance function from the first point and the second to the reverse impedance function from the second point by using the forward impedance at the first point and the reverse impedance at the second point measured at the time of failure Computing the distance, and determining the mutually matched position as a failure point expression method of the failure point of the tram line. The method of claim 1, The first point and the second point, A method for expressing a fault point of a tram line, characterized in that it is a point of a substation, a feed station, or an auxiliary feed station located on the tram line. The method of claim 1, The mutually matching position is a fault point expression method of a tram line, characterized in that calculated by the following equation. [Equation]

(k: distance from the first point to the failure point, D: distance between the first point and the second point, d1: first distance, d2: second distance) The method of claim 1, When the plurality of first distance and the second distance is derived, selecting the closest pair as the first distance and the second distance, characterized in that the failure point expression method of a tram line. As a fault point expression system of a tram line with a measuring section, A central controller storing forward and reverse impedance values of the measurement section as a function of distance; It is provided with a measurement position at both ends of the measurement section, and includes a forward and reverse relay for measuring the line impedance in the forward and reverse directions, respectively, and transmits in real time to the central control unit, The central controller inputs a forward impedance value and a reverse impedance value measured when a failure occurs, and measures the first distance from the measured position of the forward impedance corresponding to the forward impedance function and the reverse impedance corresponding to the reverse impedance function. And calculating a second distance from the position to determine the mutually matched position as a failure point. The method of claim 5, The central controller stores distance information from a reference position to each relay measurement position. The fault point is a fault point expression system of a tram line, characterized in that calculated by the following equation. [Equation]

(K: distance from the reference position to the failure point, S: distance from the reference position to the measurement position of the relay measuring forward impedance, D: distance from the measurement section, d1: first distance, d2: second distance) ) The method of claim 5, The relay, Breakdown point expression system of the tram line, characterized in that installed in the substation, feed station or auxiliary feed station to have a measuring position. The method of claim 5, Circuit breakers are provided at both boundaries of the measurement section to cut off power supply to the line when a failure occurs. The relay is a failure point expression system of the tram line, characterized in that for outputting the cut-off control signal to the circuit breaker located at both boundaries, when the failure point is expressed in the corresponding measurement section. The method of claim 5, The central control unit, And a plurality of first distances and second distances, wherein the pair of closest matching points is selected as the first distance and the second distance. A fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section composed of a plurality of subsections, A central controller storing forward and reverse impedance values of the measurement section as a function of distance; Forward and reverse relays are installed so that the measuring point is located at both ends of each small section, measuring the line impedance in the forward and reverse directions, respectively, and transmits in real time to the central control unit; A circuit breaker provided between the reverse relay and the forward relay at the boundary of each subdivision, The forward relay sets breaker operating time and impedance measurement time which are sequentially increased for a plurality of adjacent small sections in the forward direction, and the reverse relay sets breaker operating time that is sequentially increased for a plurality of adjacent small sections in the reverse direction; The impedance measurement transmission time is set. In case of failure, the forward relay operates the reverse circuit breaker and transmits the measured forward impedance to the central controller.The reverse relay operates the forward circuit breaker and transmits the measured reverse impedance to the central controller. The central control unit, A forward impedance value received from the forward relay and a reverse impedance value received from the reverse relay are input to calculate a first distance corresponding to the forward impedance function and a second distance corresponding to the reverse impedance function. Defect point expression system of the tram line, characterized in that for determining the matching position as a failure point. The method of claim 10, The central control unit prestores the distance information from the reference position to each relay measurement position, The fault point is a fault point expression system of a tram line, characterized in that calculated by the following equation. [Equation]

(K: distance from setting position to fault point, S: distance from setting position to relay measuring forward impedance in case of failure, D: relay duration distance measuring forward and reverse impedance in case of failure, d1: first distance, d2: second distance) The method of claim 10, The relay, Breakdown point expression system of a tram line, characterized in that installed in the substation, feeder or auxiliary feeder. The method of claim 10, The central control unit, And a plurality of first distances and second distances, wherein the pair of closest matching points is selected as the first distance and the second distance. As a fault point expression system of a tram line with a measuring section, It has a measurement position at one end of the measurement section, and the forward impedance value of the measurement section is stored as a function of distance, measures the line impedance in the forward direction, inputs the measured forward impedance value in the event of a failure, and responds by the forward impedance function. A forward relay for calculating a first distance to be transmitted to the central control unit; It has a measurement position at the other end of the measurement section, the reverse impedance value of the measurement section is stored as a function of distance, measures the line impedance in the reverse direction, and inputs the measured reverse impedance value at the time of failure to enter the reverse impedance function. A reverse relay for calculating a corresponding second distance and transmitting the calculated second distance to the central control unit; And a central controller configured to receive the first distance and the second distance and determine a mutual matching position as a failure point. The method of claim 14, The central control unit prestores the distance information from the reference position to each relay measurement position, The fault point is a fault point expression system of a tram line, characterized in that calculated by the following equation. [Equation]

(K: distance from setting position to fault point, S: distance from setting position to relay measuring forward impedance when failure occurs, D: relay duration distance measuring forward and reverse impedance when failure occurs, d1: first distance) , d2: second distance) The method of claim 14, The relay, Breakdown point expression system of a tram line, characterized in that installed in the substation, feeder or auxiliary feeder. The method of claim 14, Circuit breakers are provided at both boundaries of the measurement section to cut off power supply to the line when a failure occurs. The relay is a failure point expression system of the tram line, characterized in that for outputting the cut-off control signal to the circuit breaker located at both boundaries, when the failure point is expressed in the corresponding measurement section. The method of claim 14, The central control unit, When there are a plurality of first and second distances transmitted from each forward relay and a reverse relay, a failure point expression system of a tram line including a feature of selecting the closest match pair as a first distance and a second distance . A fault point expression system of a tram line having a measurement section composed of a plurality of subsections, A circuit breaker provided between a reverse relay and a forward relay at the boundary of each subdivision; It has a measuring position at one end of each subsection, the forward impedance value of the subsection is stored as a function of distance, and the breaker operating time and the impedance measurement transmission time are sequentially set for a plurality of adjacent subsections in the forward direction. A forward relay measuring the line impedance in the forward direction, operating a reverse circuit breaker in the event of a failure, inputting the measured forward impedance value, calculating a first distance corresponding to the forward impedance function, and transmitting the calculated first distance to the central control unit; It has a measuring position at the other end of each subdivision, and the reverse impedance value of the subdivision is stored as a function of distance, and the breaker operating time and impedance measurement time transmission time are sequentially set for a plurality of adjacent subdivisions in the reverse direction. A reverse relay for measuring the line impedance in the reverse direction, operating a forward circuit breaker in the event of a failure, inputting the measured reverse impedance value, calculating a second distance corresponding to the reverse impedance function, and transmitting the calculated second distance to the central control unit; And a central controller configured to receive the first distance and the second distance and determine a mutual matching position as a failure point. The method of claim 19, The central control unit prestores the distance information from the reference position to each relay measurement position, The fault point is a fault point expression system of a tram line, characterized in that calculated by the following equation. [Equation]

(K: distance from setting position to fault point, S: distance from setting position to relay measuring forward impedance in case of failure, D: relay duration distance measuring forward and reverse impedance in case of failure, d1: first distance, d2: second distance) The method of claim 19, The relay, Breakdown point expression system of a tram line, characterized in that installed in the substation, feeder or auxiliary feeder. The method of claim 19, The central control unit, When there are a plurality of first distances and second distances transmitted from the forward relay and the reverse relay, the fault point expression of the tram line including selecting a pair closest to each other as the first distance and the second distance system.

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