KR100918201B1 - Method and system for reducing heating value of natural gas - Google Patents

Method and system for reducing heating value of natural gas Download PDF

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Publication number
KR100918201B1
KR100918201B1 KR1020080114012A KR20080114012A KR100918201B1 KR 100918201 B1 KR100918201 B1 KR 100918201B1 KR 1020080114012 A KR1020080114012 A KR 1020080114012A KR 20080114012 A KR20080114012 A KR 20080114012A KR 100918201 B1 KR100918201 B1 KR 100918201B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
natural gas
calorific value
lng
nitrogen
component
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KR1020080114012A
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Korean (ko)
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이정한
문영식
최동규
김영수
박종현
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대우조선해양 주식회사
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Publication of KR100918201B1 publication Critical patent/KR100918201B1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/061—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F25J3/0615—Liquefied natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/061—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0635—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
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    • F25J3/0645—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more
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    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0642—Composition; Humidity
    • F17C2250/0652—Calorific or heating value
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
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    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
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    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
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    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
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    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/60—Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/60—Integration in an installation using hydrocarbons, e.g. for fuel purposes
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/72—Processing device is used off-shore, e.g. on a platform or floating on a ship or barge

Abstract

A method and a system for reducing caloric value of natural gas are provided to reduce amount of nitrogen consumed as well as running costs even on the sea where the supply and demand of the nitrogen are not smooth. A system for reducing caloric value of natural gas comprises: a heat exchanger(11,13) for cooling natural gas and liquidizing some components with high caloric value; a gas-liquid separating unit for separating into liquidized components and non-liquidized components; and a nitrogen adding unit for adding nitrogen to the non-liquidized components and mixing them. The system for reducing caloric value of natural gas is installed on LNG RV or LNG FSRU. The heat exchanger uses cold heat generated when the LNG evaporates in order to liquidize the components with high caloric value.

Description

천연가스 발열량 저감방법 및 장치{METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING HEATING VALUE OF NATURAL GAS}METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING HEATING VALUE OF NATURAL GAS}

본 발명은 천연가스를 수요처에 공급하기 전에 천연가스의 발열량을 낮추는 방법 및 장치에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 다양한 탄화수소 성분으로 이루어진 천연가스로부터 발열량이 높은 성분을 분리하는 동시에 질소와 같은 불활성 가스를 주입함으로써 수요처에 공급되는 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for lowering calorific value of natural gas before supplying natural gas to a consumer. More particularly, the present invention relates to an inert gas such as nitrogen while separating a high calorific value component from natural gas composed of various hydrocarbon components. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing the calorific value of natural gas supplied to a customer by injecting.

근래, 천연가스의 소비량이 전 세계적으로 급증하고 있는 추세이다. 천연가스는, 육상 또는 해상의 가스배관을 통해 가스 상태로 운반되거나, 또는, 액화된 액화천연가스의 상태로 LNG 캐리어(특히, LNG 수송선)에 저장된 채 원거리의 소비처로 운반된다. 액화천연가스는 천연가스를 극저온(대략 -163℃)으로 냉각하여 얻어지는 것으로 가스 상태의 천연가스일 때보다 그 부피가 대략 1/600로 줄어들므로 해상을 통한 원거리 운반에 매우 적합하다.In recent years, the consumption of natural gas is rapidly increasing worldwide. Natural gas is transported in a gaseous state through onshore or offshore gas piping, or to a remote consumer while stored in an LNG carrier (especially an LNG carrier) in the form of liquefied natural gas. Liquefied natural gas is obtained by cooling natural gas to cryogenic temperature (approximately -163 ℃), and its volume is reduced to about 1/600 than natural gas in gas state, so it is very suitable for long distance transportation through sea.

LNG 수송선은, 액화천연가스를 싣고 바다를 운항하여 육상 소요처에 액화천연가스를 하역하기 위한 것이며, 이를 위해, 액화천연가스의 극저온에 견딜 수 있 는 LNG 저장탱크(흔히, '화물창'이라 함)를 포함한다. 통상, 이러한 LNG 수송선은 LNG 저장탱크 내의 액화천연가스를 액화된 상태 그대로 육상에 하역하며, 하역된 LNG는 육상에 설치된 LNG 재기화 설비에 의해 재기화된 후 천연가스의 소비처로 가스배관을 통해 운반된다.The LNG Carrier is designed to unload liquefied natural gas to the land requirements by loading the liquefied natural gas into the sea, and for this purpose, an LNG storage tank (commonly called a 'cargo') that can withstand the cryogenic temperature of the liquefied natural gas. ). Normally, such LNG transport ships unload liquefied natural gas in LNG storage tanks as they are liquefied, and the unloaded LNG is regasified by LNG regasification facilities installed on land and then transported through gas piping to consumers of natural gas. do.

이러한 육상의 LNG 재기화 설비는 천연가스 시장이 잘 형성되어 있어 안정적으로 천연가스의 수요가 있는 곳에 설치하는 경우에는 경제적으로 유리한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나, 천연가스의 수요가 계절적, 단기적 또는 주기적으로 있는 천연가스 소요처의 경우에는, 높은 설치비와 관리비로 인해, 육상에 LNG 재기화 설비를 설치하는 것이 경제적으로 매우 불리하다.Such onshore LNG regasification facility is known to be economically advantageous when installed in a place where there is a demand for natural gas because the natural gas market is well formed. However, in the case of natural gas demand where the demand for natural gas is seasonal, short-term or periodic, it is economically disadvantageous to install LNG regasification facilities on land due to the high installation cost and management cost.

특히 자연재해 등에 의해 육상의 LNG 재기화 설비가 파괴될 경우, LNG 수송선이 소요처에 LNG를 싣고 도달한다 하더라도, 그 LNG를 재기화할 수 없다는 점에서 기존 LNG 수송선을 이용한 천연가스 운반은 한계성을 안고 있다.In particular, if a land LNG regasification facility is destroyed due to a natural disaster, even if an LNG carrier arrives at a required destination, the LNG cannot be regasified. Therefore, natural gas transportation using an existing LNG carrier has limitations. have.

이에 따라, LNG 수송선이나 해상 부유물에 LNG 재기화 설비를 마련하여 해상에서 액화천연가스를 재기화하고, 그 재기화를 통해 얻어진 천연가스를 육상으로 공급하는 해상 LNG 재기화 시스템이 개발되었다. 이와 같이 LNG 재기화 설비가 마련된 해상 구조물의 예로서는 LNG RV(Regasification Vessel)나 LNG FSRU(Floating Storage and Regasification Unit) 등을 들 수 있다.As a result, an offshore LNG regasification system has been developed in which LNG regasification facilities are provided on LNG carriers or offshore floats to regasify liquefied natural gas at sea, and supply natural gas obtained through the regasification to land. As such an example of an offshore structure provided with an LNG regasification facility, there may be mentioned an LNG RV (Regasification Vessel) or an LNG Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU).

한편, 재기화되어 소비자에게 공급되는 천연가스는, 사용지역에 따라 천연가스의 발열량을 조절하여 공급해야 할 필요가 있다. 수송해 온 LNG의 발열량이 수요처의 기준보다 높다면, 적절한 양의 질소 가스를 혼합하거나 발열량이 높은 성분 을 추가로 제거해야 한다. 또한 수송해 온 LNG의 발열량이 수요처의 기준보다 낮다면, 수송해 오기 전에 분리해 낸 LPG 성분(발열량이 높은 탄화수소 성분)을 다시 혼합해 주어야 하는 문제가 있었다.On the other hand, natural gas that is regasified and supplied to the consumer needs to be supplied by adjusting the calorific value of the natural gas according to the use region. If the calorific value of LNG transported is higher than the customer's criteria, an appropriate amount of nitrogen gas must be mixed or additional components with high calorific value must be removed. In addition, if the calorific value of LNG transported is lower than the standard of demand, there was a problem that the separated LPG component (hydrocarbon component with high calorific value) had to be mixed again before transporting.

이와 같이, 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 방법으로서는, 질소 등의 불활성 가스를 첨가하는 방법과, 발열량이 높은 성분을 분리해 내는 방법 등이 사용되고 있으며, 천연가스의 발열량을 증가시키는 방법으로서는 발열량이 높은 성분을 첨가하는 방법 등이 사용되고 있다.As a method of reducing the calorific value of natural gas, a method of adding an inert gas such as nitrogen and a method of separating a component having a high calorific value are used. As a method of increasing the calorific value of natural gas, a calorific value is high. The method of adding a component is used.

생산된 직후의 천연가스의 발열량은 수요처에서 요구하는 발열량보다 높은 경우가 일반적이므로, 천연가스의 발열량을 조절할 때 주로 발열량을 저감시키는 방법이 활용된다. 발열량 저감을 위해 천연가스로부터 발열량이 높은 성분을 분리해 내는 방법은, 천연가스에 포함되어 있는 다양한 탄화수소 성분들, 즉 메탄(C1)을 비롯하여 에탄, 프로판 및 부탄(C2 ~ C4) 중에서 발열량이 높은 탄화수소 성분(에탄, 프로판 및 부탄 등)을 분리하는 것으로서, 미국특허 제 2,952,984 호, 제 3,282,060 호 및 제 3,407,052 호 등에 개시되어 있다. 또한, 발열량 저감을 위해 천연가스에 질소 가스를 첨가하는 방법은 미국특허 제 3,837,821 호 등에 개시되어 있다.Since the calorific value of the natural gas immediately after the production is generally higher than the calorific value required by the customer, a method of reducing the calorific value is mainly used when adjusting the calorific value of the natural gas. In order to reduce the calorific value, the method of separating high calorific value from natural gas is carried out among various hydrocarbon components included in natural gas, namely methane (C 1 ), ethane, propane and butane (C 2 ~ C 4 ). The separation of hydrocarbon components (ethane, propane, butane, etc.) with high calorific value is disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 2,952,984, 3,282,060 and 3,407,052. In addition, a method of adding nitrogen gas to natural gas to reduce the calorific value is disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,837,821.

그런데, 천연가스의 발열량 저감을 위해 질소를 주입하는 방법만 사용하게 되면, 수요처에 공급되는 공급가스 성분 중의 질소 비율이 과도하게 증가하는 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 통상 천연가스 중의 질소 비율은 3% 이내로 유지되는 것이 바 람직하다. 또한, 질소 소모량이 많아 LNG FSRU와 같은 해상구조물 상에서 작업이 이루어지는 경우에는 질소의 수급이 원활하지 않게 되거나 해상에서 직접 질소를 생산하여 사용해야 하므로 장치의 운전비용이 증가하게 되는 문제가 있다.However, if only a method of injecting nitrogen to reduce the calorific value of natural gas is used, the problem of excessively increasing the proportion of nitrogen in the supply gas component supplied to the demand may occur. In general, it is desirable that the proportion of nitrogen in natural gas be kept within 3%. In addition, there is a problem in that the operating cost of the device increases because the nitrogen consumption is large, when the operation is carried out on the offshore structure, such as LNG FSRU, so that the supply and demand of nitrogen is not smooth or to produce nitrogen directly from the sea.

또한, 천연가스의 발열량 저감을 위해 천연가스로부터 발열량이 높은 성분(예컨대, 에탄, 프로판 및 부탄 등)을 분리하는 방법을 사용하게 되면, 분리해낸 성분을 액체상태로 저장할 수 있는 별도의 저장탱크와 관련 장비들이 추가로 설치되어야 하므로, 장치 전체의 규모가 커지고 운용이 복잡해지는 문제가 있다.In addition, in order to reduce the calorific value of natural gas, a method of separating components having high calorific value (for example, ethane, propane, butane, etc.) from natural gas, separate storage tank for storing the separated component in a liquid state and Since the related equipment must be additionally installed, there is a problem that the entire apparatus becomes large and the operation becomes complicated.

이러한 종래의 문제점들을 해결하기 위한 본 발명은, 다양한 탄화수소 성분으로 이루어진 천연가스의 발열량을 수요처에서의 필요에 따라 저감시키기 위해 발열량이 높은 성분을 일부 분리하여 발전기 등의 연료로 사용하는 동시에 질소를 주입하여 수요처에서의 발열량 기준을 충족시킴으로써, 장치 전체의 규모를 간소화하고 운전 비용을 절감할 수 있는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법 및 장치를 제공하고자 하는 것이다.The present invention for solving the conventional problems, in order to reduce the calorific value of natural gas consisting of a variety of hydrocarbon components as necessary in the demand source to separate the high calorific value components to use as fuel, such as a generator, while injecting nitrogen By satisfying the calorific value standard at the demand, it is to provide a natural gas calorific value reduction method and apparatus that can simplify the overall size of the device and reduce the operating cost.

상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 일 측면에 따르면, 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 장치로서, 상기 천연가스를 냉각하여 발열량이 큰 성분을 부분적으로 액화시키기 위한 열교환기와; 액화된 성분을 분리하기 위한 기액 분리 수단과; 액화되지 않은 나머지 기체 성분에 질소를 첨가하는 질소 첨가 수단; 을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치가 제공된다.According to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object, a device for reducing the calorific value of the natural gas, a heat exchanger for partially liquefying the components of the large calorific value by cooling the natural gas; Gas-liquid separation means for separating the liquefied component; Nitrogen addition means for adding nitrogen to the remaining liquefied gas component; Provided is a natural gas calorific value reducing apparatus comprising a.

상기 발열량이 큰 성분을 부분적으로 액화시키기 위해 상기 열교환기는 LNG의 기화시에 발생하는 냉열을 이용하는 것이 바람직하다.In order to partially liquefy the high heat generation component, the heat exchanger preferably uses cold heat generated during vaporization of LNG.

상기 천연가스 발열량 저감장치는, 상기 기액 분리 수단에서 액화된 성분을 분리한 후, 액화되지 않은 나머지 기체 성분을 냉각하여 액화시키기 위한 또 다른 열교환기를 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.The natural gas calorific value reduction device, after separating the liquefied components in the gas-liquid separation means, it is preferable to further include another heat exchanger for cooling and liquefying the remaining non-liquefied gas components.

액화되지 않은 나머지 기체 성분을 액화시키기 위해 상기 또 다른 열교환기 는 LNG의 기화시에 발생하는 냉열을 이용하는 것이 바람직하다.In order to liquefy the remaining gaseous components that are not liquefied it is preferred that the other heat exchanger utilizes the cold heat generated during vaporization of the LNG.

상기 기액 분리 수단은, 기체와 액체를 분리하는 세퍼레이터인 것이 바람직하다.It is preferable that the said gas-liquid separation means is a separator which isolate | separates a gas and a liquid.

상기 열교환기 및 상기 기액 분리 수단은, 하나의 모듈로서 제작되는 것이 바람직하다.It is preferable that the said heat exchanger and the said gas-liquid separation means are manufactured as one module.

상기 질소 첨가 수단은, 기체 상태의 질소를 LNG 내로 흡수시키기 위한 질소 흡수기와, 첨가되는 질소의 양을 조절하기 위한 질소 밸브를 포함할 수 있다. 또한, 상기 질소 첨가 수단은, 액체 상태의 질소를 LNG 내로 혼합시키기 위한 질소 혼합기와, 첨가되는 질소의 양을 조절하기 위한 질소 밸브를 포함할 수 있다.The nitrogen addition means may include a nitrogen absorber for absorbing the gaseous nitrogen into the LNG, and a nitrogen valve for adjusting the amount of nitrogen added. In addition, the nitrogen addition means may include a nitrogen mixer for mixing the liquid nitrogen into the LNG, and a nitrogen valve for controlling the amount of nitrogen added.

상기 기액 분리 수단에서 분리된 액화 성분을 연료로서 사용하기 위한 발전기를 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.It is preferable to further include a generator for using as a fuel the liquefied component separated by the gas-liquid separation means.

상기 천연가스 발열량 저감장치는, 해상에서 부유된 상태로 LNG를 재기화시키는 LNG RV 또는 LNG FSRU 상에 설치되는 것이 바람직하다.The natural gas calorific value reducing device is preferably installed on an LNG RV or LNG FSRU for regasifying LNG in a suspended state at sea.

본 발명의 또 다른 측면에 따르면, 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 장치로서, 액화된 상태로 수요처 측으로 운반되어 온 LNG를 순차적으로 공급받아 가열함으로써 부분적으로 기화시키기 위한 제1 및 제2 열교환기와; 부분적으로 기화된 상기 LNG를 완전히 기화시키기 위한 제1 기화기와; 완전히 기화된 상기 LNG를 냉각함으로써 발열량이 높은 성분 중 일부를 부분적으로 액화시키기 위한 상기 제2 열교환기와; 액화된 성분을 분리해 냄으로써 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 낮추기 위한 세퍼레이터와; 액화되어 분리되지 않은 나머지 기체 성분을 더욱 냉각함으로써 액화 시키기 위한 상기 제1 열교환기와; 액화된 LNG에 질소를 첨가하여 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 더욱 낮춤으로써 수요처에서 요구하는 발열량을 맞추기 위한 질소 첨가 수단; 을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치가 제공된다.According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for reducing the calorific value of natural gas, comprising: first and second heat exchangers for partially vaporizing by sequentially receiving and heating LNG transported to a demand destination in a liquefied state; A first vaporizer for completely vaporizing the partially vaporized LNG; A second heat exchanger for partially liquefying a part of a high heat generation component by cooling the completely vaporized LNG; A separator for lowering the calorific value of the natural gas by separating the liquefied component; A first heat exchanger for liquefying by further cooling the remaining gaseous components which are not liquefied and separated; Nitrogen addition means for adding nitrogen to the liquefied LNG to further lower the calorific value of the natural gas to meet the calorific value required by the customer; Provided is a natural gas calorific value reducing apparatus comprising a.

본 발명의 또 다른 측면에 따르면, 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 방법으로서, 상기 천연가스로부터 발열량이 큰 성분 중 일부를 분리해 냄으로써 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 낮추는 단계와; 상기 발열량이 큰 성분 중 일부가 분리된 천연가스에 질소를 첨가함으로써 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 더욱 낮추는 단계; 를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법이 제공된다.According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for reducing the calorific value of natural gas, comprising the steps of: lowering the calorific value of the natural gas by separating some of the components having a large calorific value from the natural gas; Further lowering the calorific value of the natural gas by adding nitrogen to the natural gas from which some of the large calorific value components are separated; There is provided a natural gas calorific value reduction method comprising a.

상기 천연가스 발열량 저감방법은, 상기 천연가스로부터 분리된 성분을 연료로서 공급하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.The method for reducing the calorific value of natural gas further includes supplying a component separated from the natural gas as a fuel.

상기 발열량이 큰 성분 중 일부를 분리하는 단계는, 천연가스를 냉각하여 발열량이 큰 성분을 부분적으로 액화시키는 단계와, 액화된 성분을 분리하는 단계를 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.The step of separating some of the components having a large calorific value preferably comprises cooling the natural gas to partially liquefy the components having a large calorific value and separating the liquefied component.

본 발명의 또 다른 측면에 따르면, 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 방법으로서, 액화된 상태로 수요처 측으로 운반되어 온 LNG를 제1 및 제2 열교환기에 순차적으로 공급하여 가열함으로써 부분적으로 기화시키는 단계와; 부분적으로 기화된 상기 LNG를 제1 기화기에서 완전히 기화시키는 단계와; 완전히 기화된 상기 LNG를 상기 제2 열교환기에 공급하여 냉각함으로써 발열량이 높은 성분 중 일부를 부분적으로 액화시키는 단계와; 세퍼레이터에 의해 액화된 성분을 분리해 냄으로써 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 낮추는 단계와; 기체 성분을 상기 제1 열교환기에 공급 하여 냉각함으로써 액화시키는 단계와; 액화된 LNG에 질소를 첨가하여 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 더욱 낮춤으로써 수요처에서 요구하는 발열량을 맞추는 단계; 를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법이 제공된다.According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for reducing the calorific value of natural gas, comprising the steps of partially vaporizing the LNG delivered to the demand side in the liquefied state by sequentially supplying and heating the first and second heat exchangers; Completely vaporizing the partially vaporized LNG in a first vaporizer; Partially liquefying some of the components having high calorific value by supplying and cooling the completely vaporized LNG to the second heat exchanger; Lowering the calorific value of the natural gas by separating the liquefied component by the separator; Liquefied by supplying a gas component to the first heat exchanger and cooling it; Adding nitrogen to the liquefied LNG to lower the calorific value of the natural gas to meet the calorific value required by the customer; There is provided a natural gas calorific value reduction method comprising a.

본 발명의 또 다른 측면에 따르면, LNG 재기화 설비와 발전기를 갖춘 부유식 해상구조물에서 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 방법으로서, 상기 천연가스로부터 발열량이 큰 성분을 분리하여 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 단계와; 상기 천연가스로부터 분리된 발열량이 큰 성분을 상기 발전기의 연료로 사용하는 단계; 를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법이 제공된다.According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for reducing the calorific value of natural gas in a floating offshore structure equipped with a LNG regasification plant and a generator, by separating a component having a large calorific value from the natural gas to reduce the calorific value of the natural gas Making a step; Using as a fuel of the generator a component having a large calorific value separated from the natural gas; There is provided a natural gas calorific value reduction method comprising a.

상기 천연가스 발열량 저감방법은, 발열량이 큰 성분이 분리된 상기 천연가스에 질소를 주입하여 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 더욱 저감시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.The method for reducing the calorific value of natural gas further includes the step of further reducing the calorific value of the natural gas by injecting nitrogen into the natural gas from which the large calorific value component is separated.

본 발명의 또 다른 측면에 따르면, LNG 재기화 설비와 발전기를 갖춘 부유식 해상구조물에서 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 방법으로서, 상기 천연가스로부터 발열량이 큰 성분을 분리하여 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 단계와; 발열량이 큰 성분이 분리된 상기 천연가스에 질소를 주입하여 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 더욱 저감시키는 단계; 를 포함하며, 발열량이 큰 성분의 분리량은 상기 발전기의 연료로서 사용되는 분량과 동일한 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법이 제공된다.According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for reducing the calorific value of natural gas in a floating offshore structure equipped with a LNG regasification plant and a generator, by separating a component having a large calorific value from the natural gas to reduce the calorific value of the natural gas Making a step; Injecting nitrogen into the natural gas from which the high calorific value component is separated to further reduce the calorific value of the natural gas; It includes, and the separation amount of the component having a large calorific value is provided with a natural gas calorific value reduction method, characterized in that the same amount as the fuel used in the generator.

상기 해상구조물은 LNG RV 및 LNG FSRU 중에서 선택된 어느 하나인 것이 바람직하다.The offshore structure is preferably any one selected from LNG RV and LNG FSRU.

상술한 바와 같은 본 발명에 의하면, 다양한 탄화수소 성분으로 이루어진 천연가스의 발열량을 수요처에서의 필요에 따라 저감시키기 위해 발열량이 높은 성분을 일부 분리하여 발전기 등의 연료로 사용하는 동시에 질소를 주입하여 수요처에서의 발열량 기준을 충족시킬 수 있는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법 및 장치가 제공될 수 있다.According to the present invention as described above, in order to reduce the calorific value of the natural gas composed of various hydrocarbon components as required by the demand source, the high calorific value component is partially separated and used as fuel such as a generator, while injecting nitrogen at the demand destination A method and apparatus for reducing calorific value of natural gas, which may satisfy the calorific value standard of may be provided.

그에 따라 본 발명에 의하면, 수요처에 공급되는 공급가스 성분 중의 질소 비율이 과도하게 증가되지 않고, 질소의 사용량이 적어 질소의 수급이 원활하지 않은 해상에서도 장치의 운전비용을 절감할 수 있게 된다.Accordingly, according to the present invention, the ratio of nitrogen in the supply gas component supplied to the demand destination is not excessively increased, and the operating cost of the apparatus can be reduced even in the sea where the amount of nitrogen is low and supply of nitrogen is not smooth.

또한, 본 발명에 의하면, 천연가스의 발열량 저감을 위해 천연가스로부터 분리해 낸 발열량이 높은 성분(예컨대, 에탄, 프로판 및 부탄 등)을 액체상태로 저장할 수 있는 별도의 저장탱크와 관련 장비들이 추가로 설치될 필요가 없으므로, 장치 전체의 규모가 불필요하게 커지는 일을 방지할 수 있게 된다.In addition, according to the present invention, a separate storage tank and related equipment for storing a high calorific value component (eg, ethane, propane, butane, etc.) separated from natural gas in a liquid state to reduce the calorific value of natural gas are added. Since it does not need to be installed, it is possible to prevent the entire apparatus from growing unnecessarily.

이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 천연가스 발열량 저감방법 및 장치를 도면을 참조하여 상세하게 설명한다. 도 1에는 본 발명에 따른 천연가스 발열량 저감방법 및 장치를 설명하기 위한 개략적인 저감장치의 개념도가 도시되어 있다.Hereinafter, a method and apparatus for reducing natural gas calorific value according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a schematic reduction apparatus for explaining a method and apparatus for reducing natural gas calorific value according to the present invention.

본 발명에 따른 천연가스 발열량 저감방법은, 가스정에서 생산되어 액화된 상태로 수송되어 온 액화천연가스(LNG)를 재기화시켜 각 수요처로 공급하는 과정 중에, 발열량이 높은 성분들을 일부 분리해 내는 단계와, 질소를 첨가하여 수요처에서 요구하는 발열량을 맞추는 단계를 포함한다.Natural gas calorific value reduction method according to the present invention, during the process of regasifying the liquefied natural gas (LNG) produced in a gas well and transported in a liquefied state to supply to each customer, the step of separating some of the high calorific value components And adding nitrogen to meet the calorific value required by the demand source.

도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 저장탱크(도시생략)로부터 이송되어 온 LNG는 LNG 저압 펌프(1)에 의해 대략 20bar 정도의 저압으로 가압된다. 저압으로 가압된 LNG는 계속해서 제1 및 제2 열교환기(11, 13)를 통과하면서 가열되어 부분적으로 기화된다. 부분적으로 기화된 LNG는 저압 LNG 기화기(3)에서 모두 기화된 후, 제2 열교환기(13)로 공급된다.As shown in FIG. 1, LNG transferred from a storage tank (not shown) is pressurized to a low pressure of approximately 20 bar by the LNG low pressure pump 1. The LNG pressurized to low pressure is subsequently heated and partially vaporized while passing through the first and second heat exchangers 11 and 13. The partially vaporized LNG is all vaporized in the low pressure LNG vaporizer 3 and then supplied to the second heat exchanger 13.

기화된 LNG는 제2 열교환기(13)에서 냉열을 공급받아 부분적으로 응축되는데, 이때 응축되는 성분은 발열량이 높은 성분이다. 일반적으로 발열량이 높을수록, 즉 탄화수소 분자 내의 탄소 원자의 개수가 많을수록 액화온도가 높아 응축이 먼저 일어나게 된다.The vaporized LNG is partially condensed by receiving cold heat from the second heat exchanger 13, wherein the condensed component is a high calorific value component. In general, the higher the calorific value, that is, the larger the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule, the higher the liquefaction temperature and condensation occurs first.

발열량이 높은 성분이 부분적으로 응축된 상태의 LNG는 세퍼레이터(15)로 공급되고, 이 세퍼레이터(15)에서 액체 성분은 분리되어 발전기 등의 연료로서 사용된다. 이때, 본 발명에 따르면, 세퍼레이터(15)에 분리되는 액체 성분은 모두 발전기 등의 연료로서 사용되며, 이를 위해 연료 필요량만큼 제2 열교환기(13)에서 응축되도록 응축량을 조절하는 것이 바람직하다. 즉, 본 발명에서는 수요처에서 요구하는 발열량이 맞춰질 때까지 LNG로부터 발열량이 높은 성분을 모두 분리해 내는 것이 아니라, 연료로서 사용할 수 있는 양만을 분리한다.LNG in a state in which a component having a high calorific value is partially condensed is supplied to the separator 15, and the liquid component is separated from the separator 15 to be used as fuel such as a generator. At this time, according to the present invention, all of the liquid components separated from the separator 15 are used as a fuel such as a generator, for this purpose, it is preferable to adjust the amount of condensation to condense in the second heat exchanger 13 by the required amount of fuel. In other words, the present invention does not separate all the components having high calorific value from LNG until the calorific value required by the customer is matched, but only the amount that can be used as fuel.

이와 같이 본 발명에 따르면 발열량이 높은 성분 일부를 천연가스로부터 분리해 낸 다음, 발전기 등의 연료로서 활용하여 분리된 성분을 전량 소모하기 때문 에, 천연가스로부터 분리해 낸 액체 성분을 저장하기 위한 별도의 저장탱크나 관련 장비가 일절 필요하지 않게 된다.Thus, according to the present invention, since a part of the component having a high calorific value is separated from the natural gas and then used as a fuel such as a generator, the total amount of the separated component is consumed, so that the liquid component separated from the natural gas is stored separately. No storage tanks or related equipment are required.

또한, 종래에는 발열량이 높은 성분, 즉 부탄, 프로판과 같은 성분을 분리하여 LPG라는 이름으로 판매하였기 때문에, 이러한 LPG 성분을 정밀하게 분리할 필요가 있었으며, 이를 위해 컬럼(column)과 같은 설비를 사용하였다. 그러나, 본 발명에 따르면 발열량이 높은 성분을 분리하여 발전기 등의 연료로 연소시킴으로써 내부적으로 사용하기 때문에, 부탄과 프로판 등의 성분만을 정밀하게 분리할 필요가 없으며, 그에 따라 상대적으로 간단한 장비인 세퍼레이터(15)를 활용하여 발열량이 높은 성분을 분리해 낼 수 있다는 이점이 있다.In addition, since the components having high calorific value, that is, butane and propane, were separated and sold under the name of LPG, it was necessary to precisely separate such LPG components, and for this purpose, a facility such as a column was used. It was. However, according to the present invention, since components having a high calorific value are used internally by burning them with fuel such as a generator, there is no need to precisely separate components such as butane and propane, and thus, a separator which is a relatively simple equipment ( 15) has the advantage of being able to separate components with high calorific value.

한편, 세퍼레이터(15)에서 액체 성분이 분리된 후, 나머지 기체 성분은 제1 열교환기(11)로 공급되어 모두 응축된다. 응축된 LNG는 발열량이 높은 성분들이 일부 분리되었기 때문에 총 발열량이 다소 낮아진 상태이지만, 아직 소요처에서 요구하는 발열량 기준보다는 높은 상태일 수 있다. 따라서, 소요처에서 요구하는 발열량을 정확히 맞추기 위해 질소가 첨가된다.On the other hand, after the liquid component is separated from the separator 15, the remaining gas component is supplied to the first heat exchanger 11 and all are condensed. The condensed LNG has a slightly lower total calorific value because some of the high calorific value components are separated, but may still be higher than the calorific value required by the source. Therefore, nitrogen is added to exactly match the calorific value required by the required place.

첨가되는 질소는 기체 상태의 질소 혹은 액체 상태의 질소를 모두 사용할 수 있다. 기체 상태의 질소를 첨가할 경우에, 질소의 첨가를 위한 질소 첨가 수단은, 기체 상태의 질소를 액체 상태의 LNG 내로 흡수시키기 위한 질소 흡수기(도시생략)와, 첨가되는 질소의 양을 조절하기 위한 질소 밸브(도시생략) 등을 포함할 수 있다. 또한, 액체 상태의 질소를 첨가할 경우에, 질소의 첨가를 위한 질소 첨가 수단은, 액체 상태의 질소를 액체 상태의 LNG 내로 혼합시키기 위한 질소 혼합기(도 시생략)와, 첨가되는 질소의 양을 조절하기 위한 질소 밸브(도시생략) 등을 포함할 수 있다. 첨가되는 질소의 양은, 도시하지 않은 컨트롤러 등에 의해 질소 밸브의 개폐가 조절됨으로써 정확히 조절될 수 있다.Nitrogen to be added may be either a gaseous nitrogen or a liquid nitrogen. When adding nitrogen in the gaseous state, the nitrogen adding means for adding nitrogen includes a nitrogen absorber (not shown) for absorbing the gaseous nitrogen into the liquid LNG and an amount for adjusting the amount of nitrogen added. Nitrogen valves (not shown) and the like. In addition, in the case of adding liquid nitrogen, the nitrogen adding means for adding nitrogen includes a nitrogen mixer (not shown) for mixing the liquid nitrogen into the liquid LNG and the amount of nitrogen added. Nitrogen valves (not shown) and the like for adjusting. The amount of nitrogen added can be precisely controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the nitrogen valve by a controller (not shown) or the like.

상술한 질소 흡수기, 질소 혼합기, 질소 밸브 등은 질소를 LNG에 첨가할 수 있다면 어떠한 구성을 가지는 것이라도 사용될 수 있다.The nitrogen absorber, nitrogen mixer, nitrogen valve and the like described above may be used as long as nitrogen can be added to LNG.

본 발명에 따르면, 이때 첨가되는 질소의 양은, 질소의 첨가만으로 발열량을 조절하던 종래 기술에 비해 상당히 적은 양이므로, 질소의 소모량이 현저히 절감될 수 있다. 이는 질소의 공급이 원활하지 못한 해상에서, 질소를 별도로 생산하는 질소 생산장치를 설치할 필요성이 없게 하거나 적은 용량의 질소 생산장치만으로도 발열량 조절 작업을 충분히 가능하게 할 수 있다는 더욱 현격한 효과를 거둘 수 있게 한다. 이와 같이 값비싼 질소의 소모량을 절감함으로써 장치의 운전비용을 절감할 수 있게 된다.According to the present invention, since the amount of nitrogen added at this time is considerably less than in the prior art, which controls the calorific value only by adding nitrogen, the consumption of nitrogen can be significantly reduced. This makes it possible to eliminate the need for installing a separate nitrogen producing device in the sea where the supply of nitrogen is not smooth, or to achieve a more dramatic effect of controlling the calorific value by using a small capacity nitrogen producing device. do. In this way, by reducing the consumption of expensive nitrogen it is possible to reduce the operating cost of the device.

상기된 제1 및 제2 열교환기(11, 13)와 세퍼레이터(15)는 하나의 모듈로서 콜드박스(cold box)(10)를 구성할 수 있다. 이들 제1 및 제2 열교환기(11, 13)와 세퍼레이터(15)는 극저온 상태가 유지될 필요가 있기 때문에 모듈화하여 제작할 경우 장치들 사이의 배관 길이가 짧아지는 등 열효율 면에서 유리하다.The first and second heat exchangers 11 and 13 and the separator 15 described above may configure a cold box 10 as one module. These first and second heat exchangers (11, 13) and the separator (15) need to be maintained in a cryogenic state is advantageous in terms of thermal efficiency, such as shortening the length of the pipe between the devices when manufacturing a modular.

계속해서, 질소의 첨가에 의해 발열량이 맞춰진 LNG는 LNG 고압 펌프(5)에 의해 대략 70 ~ 130bar 정도의 고압으로 가압된 후, 고압 LNG 기화기(7)에서 기화되어 최종 수요처로 공급된다.Subsequently, the LNG with the calorific value adjusted by the addition of nitrogen is pressurized to a high pressure of approximately 70 to 130 bar by the LNG high pressure pump 5, and then vaporized in the high pressure LNG vaporizer 7 to be supplied to the final demand destination.

상술한 바와 같은, 본 발명에 따른 천연가스의 발열량 저감장치는, 질소의 공급이 원활하지 못한 해상 구조물, 즉 LNG RV 및 LNG FSRU 등에서 사용될 수 있다. LNG RV는 자력 항해 및 부유가 가능한 LNG 수송선에 LNG 재기화 설비를 설치한 것이고, LNG FSRU는 육상으로부터 멀리 떨어진 해상에서 LNG 수송선으로부터 하역되는 액화 천연가스를 저장탱크에 저장한 후 필요에 따라 액화 천연가스를 기화시켜 육상 수요처에 공급하는 부유식 해상 구조물이다.As described above, the calorific value reduction device for natural gas according to the present invention can be used in offshore structures, that is, the supply of nitrogen is not smooth, that is, LNG RV and LNG FSRU. LNG RV is a LNG regasification facility installed on an LNG carrier that can be self-driving and floating. LNG FSRU stores liquefied natural gas, which is unloaded from an LNG carrier, in a storage tank after being stored away from the land. A floating offshore structure that vaporizes gas and supplies it to onshore demand.

본 발명에 따른 천연가스의 발열량 저감장치는, 상술한 LNG RV 및 LNG FSRU와 같은 해상 구조물을 비롯하여, LNG의 재기화 설비가 갖추어진 곳이라면 육상의 재기화 설비에 구비될 수 있음은 물론이다. 나아가서, 본 발명에 따른 천연가스의 발열량 저감장치는, 상술한 LNG RV 및 LNG FSRU와 같은 해상 구조물 이외에도 해상의 또 다른 구조물에 구비될 수도 있다.The calorific value reduction device for natural gas according to the present invention, as well as the above-described offshore structures such as LNG RV and LNG FSRU, may be provided in the regasification facility of the land if the LNG regasification facility is equipped. Furthermore, the calorific value reduction device for natural gas according to the present invention may be provided in another structure on the sea in addition to the above-described offshore structures such as LNG RV and LNG FSRU.

이상과 같이 본 발명에 따른 천연가스 발열량 저감방법 및 장치를, 예시된 도면을 참조하여 설명하였으나, 본 발명은 이상에서 설명된 실시예와 도면에 의해 한정되지 않으며, 특허청구범위 내에서 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자들에 의해 다양한 수정 및 변형이 이루어질 수 있음은 물론이다.As described above, the method and apparatus for reducing natural gas calorific value according to the present invention have been described with reference to the illustrated drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and drawings described above, and the present invention is within the scope of the claims. Of course, various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 천연가스 발열량 저감방법 및 장치를 설명하기 위한 개략적인 저감장치의 개념도이다.1 is a conceptual diagram of a schematic reduction apparatus for explaining a method and apparatus for reducing natural gas calorific value according to the present invention.

< 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the reference numerals for the main parts of the drawings>

1 : LNG 저압 펌프 3 : 저압 LNG 기화기1: LNG low pressure pump 3: low pressure LNG vaporizer

5 : LNG 고압 펌프 7 : 고압 LNG 기화기5: LNG high pressure pump 7: high pressure LNG vaporizer

10 : 콜드박스(cold box) 11 : 제1 열교환기10 cold box 11 first heat exchanger

13 : 제2 열교환기 15 : 세퍼레이터13: second heat exchanger 15: separator

Claims (19)

천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 장치로서, As a device for reducing the calorific value of natural gas, 상기 천연가스를 냉각하여 발열량이 큰 성분을 일부 액화시키기 위한 열교환기와; A heat exchanger for cooling the natural gas to liquefy a part of a large heat generation component; 액화된 성분을 분리하기 위한 기액 분리 수단과; Gas-liquid separation means for separating the liquefied component; 액화되지 않은 나머지 기체 성분에 질소를 첨가하여 혼합하는 질소 첨가 수단; 을 포함하며, Nitrogen addition means for adding and mixing nitrogen with the remaining non-liquefied gas component; Including; 해상에서 부유된 상태로 LNG를 재기화시키는 LNG RV 또는 LNG FSRU 상에 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치.A natural gas calorific value reduction device, characterized in that installed on the LNG RV or LNG FSRU for regasifying LNG in a floating state at sea. 청구항 1에 있어서, The method according to claim 1, 상기 발열량이 큰 성분을 일부 액화시키기 위해 상기 열교환기는 LNG의 기화시에 발생하는 냉열을 이용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치.The heat exchanger is a natural gas calorific value reduction device, characterized in that for using the heat generated during the vaporization of the LNG in order to liquefy a part of the large heat generation component. 청구항 1에 있어서, The method according to claim 1, 상기 기액 분리 수단에서 액화된 성분을 분리한 후, 액화되지 않은 나머지 기체 성분을 냉각하여 액화시키기 위한 또 다른 열교환기를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치.And a further heat exchanger for separating the liquefied component from the gas-liquid separation means and cooling and liquefying the remaining non-liquefied gas component. 청구항 3에 있어서, The method according to claim 3, 액화되지 않은 나머지 기체 성분을 액화시키기 위해 상기 또 다른 열교환기 는 LNG의 기화시에 발생하는 냉열을 이용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치.In order to liquefy the remaining gas components that are not liquefied, the another heat exchanger using the heat generated during the vaporization of LNG, natural gas calorific value reduction device. 청구항 1에 있어서, The method according to claim 1, 상기 기액 분리 수단은, 기체와 액체를 분리하는 세퍼레이터인 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치.The gas-liquid separating means is a separator for separating gas and liquid, wherein the natural gas calorific value reduction device. 청구항 1에 있어서, The method according to claim 1, 상기 열교환기 및 상기 기액 분리 수단은, 하나의 모듈로서 제작되는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치.The heat exchanger and the gas-liquid separating means are produced as a single module, the natural gas calorific value reduction device. 청구항 1에 있어서, The method according to claim 1, 상기 질소 첨가 수단은, 기체 상태의 질소를 LNG 내로 흡수시키기 위한 질소 흡수기와, 첨가되는 질소의 양을 조절하기 위한 질소 밸브를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치.The nitrogen adding means includes a nitrogen absorber for absorbing nitrogen in the gaseous state into the LNG, and a nitrogen valve for adjusting the amount of nitrogen added. 청구항 1에 있어서, The method according to claim 1, 상기 질소 첨가 수단은, 액체 상태의 질소를 LNG 내로 혼합시키기 위한 질소 혼합기와, 첨가되는 질소의 양을 조절하기 위한 질소 밸브를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치.The nitrogen adding means includes a nitrogen mixer for mixing the liquid nitrogen into the LNG, and a nitrogen valve for adjusting the amount of nitrogen added. 청구항 1에 있어서, The method according to claim 1, 상기 기액 분리 수단에서 분리된 액화 성분을 연료로서 사용하기 위한 발전기를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치.And a generator for using the liquefied component separated by the gas-liquid separation means as a fuel. 삭제delete 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 장치로서, As a device for reducing the calorific value of natural gas, 액화된 상태로 수요처 측으로 운반되어 온 LNG를 순차적으로 공급받아 가열함으로써 부분적으로 기화시키기 위한 제1 및 제2 열교환기와; First and second heat exchangers for partially vaporizing by sequentially receiving and heating LNG that has been transported to the demand destination side in a liquefied state; 부분적으로 기화된 상기 LNG를 완전히 기화시키기 위한 기화기와; A vaporizer for completely vaporizing the partially vaporized LNG; 완전히 기화된 상기 LNG를 냉각함으로써 발열량이 높은 성분 중 일부를 액화시키기 위한 상기 제2 열교환기와; A second heat exchanger for liquefying some of the components having a high calorific value by cooling the completely vaporized LNG; 액화된 성분을 분리해 냄으로써 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 낮추기 위한 세퍼레이터와; A separator for lowering the calorific value of the natural gas by separating the liquefied component; 액화되어 분리되지 않은 나머지 기체 성분을 더욱 냉각함으로써 액화시키기 위한 상기 제1 열교환기와; A first heat exchanger for liquefying by further cooling the remaining gaseous components which are not liquefied and separated; 액화된 LNG에 질소를 첨가하여 혼합함에 의해 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 더욱 낮춤으로써 수요처에서 요구하는 발열량을 맞추기 위한 질소 첨가 수단; 을 포함하며, Nitrogen addition means for matching the calorific value required by the customer by further reducing the calorific value of the natural gas by adding and mixing nitrogen with the liquefied LNG; Including; 해상에서 부유된 상태로 LNG를 재기화시키는 LNG RV 또는 LNG FSRU 상에 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감장치.A natural gas calorific value reduction device, characterized in that installed on the LNG RV or LNG FSRU for regasifying LNG in a floating state at sea. 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 방법으로서, As a method of reducing the calorific value of natural gas, 상기 천연가스로부터 발열량이 큰 성분 중 일부를 분리해 냄으로써 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 낮추는 단계와; Lowering the calorific value of the natural gas by separating some of the components having a large calorific value from the natural gas; 상기 발열량이 큰 성분 중 일부가 분리된 천연가스에 질소를 첨가하여 혼합함으로써 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 더욱 낮추는 단계; 를 포함하여, Further lowering the calorific value of the natural gas by adding and mixing nitrogen to the natural gas in which some of the large calorific value components are separated; Including, 해상에서 부유된 상태로 LNG를 재기화시키는 LNG RV 또는 LNG FSRU 상에서 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법.A method of reducing calorific value of natural gas, comprising: reducing the calorific value of natural gas on an LNG RV or LNG FSRU that regasifies LNG in a suspended state at sea. 청구항 12에 있어서, The method according to claim 12, 상기 천연가스로부터 분리된 성분을 연료로서 공급하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법.The method of reducing natural gas calorific value further comprising the step of supplying a component separated from the natural gas as a fuel. 청구항 12 또는 청구항 13에 있어서, The method according to claim 12 or 13, 상기 발열량이 큰 성분 중 일부를 분리하는 단계는, 천연가스를 냉각하여 발열량이 큰 성분 중 일부를 액화시키는 단계와, 액화된 성분을 분리하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법.The separating of some of the components having a large calorific value includes cooling the natural gas to liquefy some of the components having a large calorific value, and separating the liquefied component. 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 방법으로서, As a method of reducing the calorific value of natural gas, 액화된 상태로 수요처 측으로 운반되어 온 LNG를 제1 및 제2 열교환기에 순차적으로 공급하여 가열함으로써 부분적으로 기화시키는 단계와; Partially vaporizing the LNG, which has been transported to the demand-side in the liquefied state, by sequentially supplying and heating the first and second heat exchangers; 부분적으로 기화된 상기 LNG를 기화기에서 완전히 기화시키는 단계와; Completely vaporizing the partially vaporized LNG in a vaporizer; 완전히 기화된 상기 LNG를 상기 제2 열교환기에 공급하여 냉각함으로써 발열량이 높은 성분 중 일부를 부분적으로 액화시키는 단계와; Partially liquefying some of the components having high calorific value by supplying and cooling the completely vaporized LNG to the second heat exchanger; 세퍼레이터에 의해 액화된 성분을 분리해 냄으로써 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 낮추는 단계와; Lowering the calorific value of the natural gas by separating the liquefied component by the separator; 기체 성분을 상기 제1 열교환기에 공급하여 냉각함으로써 액화시키는 단계와; Liquefied by supplying a gas component to the first heat exchanger and cooling it; 액화된 LNG에 질소를 첨가하여 혼합함에 의해 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 더욱 낮춤으로써 수요처에서 요구하는 발열량을 맞추는 단계; 를 포함하여, Matching the calorific value required by the customer by further lowering the calorific value of the natural gas by adding and mixing nitrogen with the liquefied LNG; Including, 해상에서 부유된 상태로 LNG를 재기화시키는 LNG RV 또는 LNG FSRU 상에서 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법.A method of reducing calorific value of natural gas, comprising: reducing the calorific value of natural gas on an LNG RV or LNG FSRU that regasifies LNG in a suspended state at sea. LNG 재기화 설비와 발전기를 갖춘 부유식 해상구조물에서 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 방법으로서, As a method of reducing the calorific value of natural gas in a floating offshore structure equipped with an LNG regasification plant and a generator, 상기 천연가스로부터 발열량이 큰 성분을 분리하여 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 단계와; 상기 천연가스로부터 분리된 발열량이 큰 성분을 상기 발전기의 연료로 사용하는 단계와; 발열량이 큰 성분이 분리된 상기 천연가스에 질소를 주입하여 혼합함으로써 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 더욱 저감시키는 단계; 를 포함하며, Separating the large heat generating component from the natural gas to reduce the calorific value of the natural gas; Using as a fuel of the generator a component having a large calorific value separated from the natural gas; Further reducing the calorific value of the natural gas by injecting and mixing nitrogen with the natural gas having the large calorific value separated therefrom; Including; 상기 해상구조물은 LNG RV 및 LNG FSRU 중에서 선택된 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법.The offshore structure is a natural gas calorific value reduction method, characterized in that any one selected from LNG RV and LNG FSRU. 삭제delete LNG 재기화 설비와 발전기를 갖춘 부유식 해상구조물에서 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 방법으로서, As a method of reducing the calorific value of natural gas in a floating offshore structure equipped with an LNG regasification plant and a generator, 상기 천연가스로부터 발열량이 큰 성분을 분리하여 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 저감시키는 단계와; 발열량이 큰 성분이 분리된 상기 천연가스에 질소를 주입하여 상기 천연가스의 발열량을 더욱 저감시키는 단계; 를 포함하며, Separating the large heat generating component from the natural gas to reduce the calorific value of the natural gas; Injecting nitrogen into the natural gas from which the high calorific value component is separated to further reduce the calorific value of the natural gas; Including; 발열량이 큰 성분의 분리량은 상기 발전기의 연료로서 사용되는 분량과 동일한 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법.Separation amount of the component having a large calorific value is the same as the amount used as fuel of the generator, natural gas calorific value reduction method. 청구항 18에 있어서, The method according to claim 18, 상기 해상구조물은 LNG RV 및 LNG FSRU 중에서 선택된 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 발열량 저감방법.The offshore structure is a natural gas calorific value reduction method, characterized in that any one selected from LNG RV and LNG FSRU.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20120005158A (en) * 2010-07-08 2012-01-16 대우조선해양 주식회사 Method and apparatus for liquefying natural gas
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