KR100783924B1 - Method for evaluating performance of catalyst - Google Patents
Method for evaluating performance of catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- KR100783924B1 KR100783924B1 KR1020060078041A KR20060078041A KR100783924B1 KR 100783924 B1 KR100783924 B1 KR 100783924B1 KR 1020060078041 A KR1020060078041 A KR 1020060078041A KR 20060078041 A KR20060078041 A KR 20060078041A KR 100783924 B1 KR100783924 B1 KR 100783924B1
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- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 본 발명에 따라 촉매 성능을 측정하는 과정에서 배기가스 온도 및 공연비 조절의 일 예를 보여주는 선도.1 is a diagram showing an example of controlling the exhaust gas temperature and the air-fuel ratio in the process of measuring the catalyst performance in accordance with the present invention.
본 발명은 자동차 배기가스 정화용 촉매의 성능을 측정하는 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 온도를 실차 조건과 동등한 조건으로 제어함과 동시에 배기가스 내 공연비(A/F)를 린(Lean) 조건에서 리치(Rich) 조건으로 순간 변경시켜주어 배기가스 내 공연비가 변경된 시점과 촉매 내 공연비가 변경된 시점 간의 시간 차이, 즉 지연 시간을 측정하고, 이와 함께 촉매의 정화 효율이 50%가 되는 배기가스 온도, 즉 LOT를 구하여, 상기 지연 시간과 LOT를 토대로 촉매의 성능을 평가하게 되는 촉매 성능 평가 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for measuring the performance of a catalyst for automobile exhaust gas purification, and more particularly, to control the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst under the same conditions as the actual vehicle conditions and at the same time the air-fuel ratio (A / F) in the exhaust gas. Is changed from lean condition to rich condition to measure the time difference, ie delay time, between the change of the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas and the change of the air-fuel ratio in the catalyst, and the purification efficiency of the catalyst is 50. The present invention relates to a method for evaluating catalyst performance by evaluating the exhaust gas temperature, ie, LOT, to evaluate the performance of the catalyst based on the delay time and LOT.
최근 자동차의 이용도가 증가하고 교통량이 증가함에 따라 배기가스로 인한 대기오염의 문제가 심각한 사회문제로 대두되고 있다.Recently, as the use of automobiles increases and the traffic volume increases, the problem of air pollution caused by exhaust gas has become a serious social problem.
따라서, 각국의 정부는 배기가스규제를 위하여 일산화탄소(CO), 탄화수소(HC), 질소산화물(NOx) 등의 배기가스 내 오염물질에 대한 배출기준을 정해놓고 있으며, 이러한 배기가스규제는 점차 강화되고 있는 추세이다. Therefore, governments have set emission standards for pollutants in exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). There is a trend.
또한 각 자동차 제조사들은 한층 강화되고 있는 배기가스규제에 효과적으로 대응하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기울이고 있는 실정이며, 신규 차량은 배기가스 배출기준에 맞추어 생산하고 있다. In addition, each automobile manufacturer is making a lot of efforts to effectively respond to the tightening emission regulations, and new vehicles are produced in accordance with the emission standards.
특히, 자동차에서는 배기가스 배출기준을 충족시키기 위하여 귀금속 담지의 촉매가 설치된 삼원촉매 컨버터(three way catalyst converter)가 배기계에 장착되어 탄화수소의 분해, 일산화탄소의 산화 및 질소산화물의 환원을 촉진시킨다. In particular, in automobiles, a three way catalyst converter equipped with a catalyst supported by a noble metal is installed in the exhaust system to promote emission of carbon monoxide, oxidation of carbon monoxide, and reduction of nitrogen oxide in order to satisfy emission standards.
상기 삼원촉매는 배기가스의 유해성분인 탄화수소계 화합물, 일산화탄소 및 질소산화물(NOx)과 동시에 반응하여 이들 화합물을 제거시키는 촉매를 의미하며, 주로 Pt/Rh, Pd/Rh 또는 Pt/Pd/Rh계의 삼원촉매가 이용된다.The three-way catalyst refers to a catalyst that removes these compounds by reacting simultaneously with the hydrocarbon-based compounds, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are harmful components of the exhaust gas, and mainly Pt / Rh, Pd / Rh or Pt / Pd / Rh-based catalysts. The three-way catalyst of is used.
현재, 각국의 배기가스규제가 강화되면서 촉매기술이 향상되었고, 우수한 정화성능을 가지면서도 실용화가 가능하고 경제성 측면에서 유리한 삼원촉매의 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다.At present, the catalyst technology has been improved as the exhaust gas regulations of various countries have been strengthened, and the research on the three-way catalyst which is advantageous in terms of economic feasibility while having excellent purification performance is being actively conducted.
한편, 촉매의 성능은 주로 실차 E/M 시험으로 알 수 있으나, 우수한 성능의 촉매를 효율적으로 연구하고 개발하기 위해서는 단품 상태에서의 이상 유무를 확인하는 과정이 중요하다.On the other hand, the performance of the catalyst can be known mainly by the actual vehicle E / M test, but in order to efficiently research and develop the catalyst of excellent performance, it is important to check the abnormality in a single product state.
종래에는 단품 상태에서의 촉매 성능 평가 및 이상 유무를 확인하기 위하여 LOT(Light Off Time) 또는 SWEEP(λ=0.97 ~ 1.03에서의 정화 효율) 테스트를 하였 다.Conventionally, in order to evaluate the performance of the catalyst in a single state and to check for abnormalities, LOT (Light Off Time) or SWEEP (purification efficiency at λ = 0.97 to 1.03) was tested.
LOT란 촉매에 유입되는 배기가스의 온도를 서서히 올리면서 정화 효율을 측정함에 있어서 측정된 정화 효율이 50%가 될 때의 배기가스 온도를 말한다.LOT refers to the exhaust gas temperature when the measured purification efficiency reaches 50% in measuring the purification efficiency while gradually raising the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst.
통상적으로 LOT 시험에서 배기가스의 온도를 상승시킬 때 10℃/min의 승온속도를 사용하고 있다.Typically, the temperature rise rate of 10 ℃ / min is used to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas in the LOT test.
그리고, SWEEP 테스트는 배기가스 내의 성분을 조절해가면서 정화 효율을 측정하는 시험으로, 배기가스 내 공연비를 조절해가면서 정화 효율을 측정하게 된다.In addition, the SWEEP test is a test for measuring the purification efficiency while adjusting the components in the exhaust gas, and the purification efficiency is measured while adjusting the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas.
그러나, 종래의 촉매 단품 성능 시험, 예컨대 LOT 시험의 경우 10℃/min의 승온 조건이 실제 차량 상태의 조건과 크게 다르므로 정확한 촉매 성능을 평가하는 데는 미흡함이 있다.However, in the case of the conventional catalyst unit performance test, for example, the LOT test, the temperature raising condition of 10 ° C./min is significantly different from the condition of the actual vehicle state, and thus there is a lack in evaluating accurate catalyst performance.
이와 같이 단품 성능을 측정함에 있어서 종래에는 실차와의 상관성이 크게 떨어지는 시험 조건을 부여하여 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 없었으며, 비교품과 개선품의 비교 시험시에 변별력이 떨어지는 등 신뢰성 측면에 많은 문제가 있다. As described above, when measuring the performance of a single product, conventionally, a test condition that is significantly inferior in relation to a real vehicle cannot be given to obtain accurate results, and there are many problems in terms of reliability, such as poor discrimination in comparison tests between comparative products and improved products. .
따라서, 본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 발명한 것으로서, 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 온도를 실차 조건과 동등한 조건으로 제어함과 동시에 배기가스 내 공연비(A/F)를 린(Lean) 조건에서 리치(Rich) 조건으로 순간 변경시켜주어 배기가스 내 공연비가 변경된 시점과 촉매 내 공연비가 변경된 시점 간의 시간 차이, 즉 지연 시간을 측정하고, 이와 함께 촉매의 정화 효율이 50%가 되는 배 기가스 온도, 즉 LOT를 구하여, 상기 지연 시간과 LOT를 토대로 촉매의 성능을 평가함으로써, 실차 조건에 부합되는 신뢰성 있고 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있게 되는 촉매 성능 평가 방법을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.Therefore, the present invention was invented to solve the above problems, while controlling the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst to the same condition as the actual vehicle conditions, and at the same time the air-fuel ratio (A / F) in the exhaust gas (Lean) Change the condition from the condition to the rich condition to measure the time difference between the time when the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas is changed and the time when the air-fuel ratio in the catalyst is changed, that is, the delay time, and at the same time, the exhaust gas whose catalyst purification efficiency is 50%. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for evaluating the performance of a catalyst that obtains a reliable and accurate result that meets the actual vehicle conditions by obtaining a temperature, that is, LOT, and evaluating the performance of the catalyst based on the delay time and the LOT.
이하, 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명을 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
본 발명은, 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 온도를 소정의 승온속도로 승온시킨 후, 승온된 상태에서 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스 내 공연비를 린(Lean) 조건으로 소정 시간 유지한 뒤 리치(Rich) 조건으로 순간 변경하여, 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스 내 공연비가 상기 리치 조건으로 순간 변경된 시점과, 공연비 센서로 모니터링되는 촉매 내부의 공연비가 동일한 리치 조건으로 변경된 시점 간의 시간 차이인 지연 시간을 측정하여 이를 토대로 촉매의 성능을 평가하게 되는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention, after raising the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst at a predetermined temperature increase rate, and maintaining the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst in the elevated state for a predetermined time in a lean condition (Rich) By changing the condition instantaneously, it measures the delay time which is the time difference between the time when the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is instantaneously changed to the rich condition and the time when the air-fuel ratio inside the catalyst monitored by the air-fuel ratio sensor is changed to the same rich condition. It is characterized by evaluating the performance of the catalyst on the basis.
여기서, 상기 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 온도를 120℃의 승온속도로 480℃까지 승온시킨 상태에서 배기가스 내 공연비를 순간 변경하는 것을 특징으로 한다.Here, the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas is instantaneously changed while the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is raised to 480 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 120 ° C.
또한 상기 배기가스 내 공연비를 린 조건인 14.8에서 리치 조건인 14.3으로 순간 변경하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas is characterized in that the instant change from a lean condition of 14.8 to a rich condition of 14.3.
또한 상기 지연 시간과 함께 배기가스의 승온 중에 촉매의 정화 효율이 50%가 되는 배기가스 온도(LOT)를 구하여, 상기 지연 시간과 더불어 추가적으로 상기 배기가스 온도를 토대로 평가하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the exhaust gas temperature LOT, which is 50% of the purification efficiency of the catalyst during the temperature rise of the exhaust gas together with the delay time, is obtained, and is evaluated based on the exhaust gas temperature in addition to the delay time.
이하, 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 대해 더욱 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
본 발명은 자동차 배기가스 정화용 촉매의 성능 평가 방법에 관한 것으로서, 기존의 LOT 시험 결과보다 신뢰성이 향상되고 실차 조건에 부합되는 시험 결과를 얻을 수 있는 새로운 측정 방법을 개시한다.The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the performance of the catalyst for automobile exhaust gas purification, and discloses a new measurement method which can obtain a test result that is more reliable than the existing LOT test results and meets the actual vehicle conditions.
본 발명에서는 배기가스의 온도를 실차 조건과 동등한 수준으로 제어함과 동시에 배기가스 내 공연비(A/F)를 린(Leam)↔리치(Rich) 조건으로 스위칭할 때 배기가스 내 공연비 변경 시점과 촉매 내 공연비 변경 시점 간의 차이, 즉 촉매 내 공연비 변경 지연 시간을 측정하여 그로부터 촉매의 성능을 평가하게 된다. In the present invention, while controlling the temperature of the exhaust gas to the same level as the actual vehicle conditions, when the air-fuel ratio (A / F) in the exhaust gas is switched to Lean ↔ Rich conditions, the time and the catalyst when the air-fuel ratio change in the exhaust gas The difference between the time points of the air-fuel ratio change, that is, the delay time of the air-fuel ratio change in the catalyst is measured to thereby evaluate the performance of the catalyst.
특히, 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 온도를 실차 조건과 동등한 조건으로 제어함과 동시에 배기가스 내 공연비(A/F)를 린(Lean) 조건에서 리치(Rich) 조건으로 순간 변경시켜주어, 배기가스 내 공연비가 변경된 시점과 촉매 내 공연비가 변경된 시점 간의 시간 차이, 즉 지연 시간을 측정하여 그로부터 촉매의 성능을 평가하게 된다.In particular, the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is controlled to be equal to the actual vehicle condition, and the air / fuel ratio (A / F) in the exhaust gas is instantaneously changed from lean to rich conditions. The time difference between the time when the air-fuel ratio is changed and the time when the air-fuel ratio in the catalyst is changed, that is, the delay time is measured to thereby evaluate the performance of the catalyst.
도 1은 본 발명에 따라 촉매 성능을 측정하는 과정에서 배기가스 온도 및 공연비 조절의 일 예를 보여주는 선도이며, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예로서, 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 온도와 공연비를 도 1에 나타낸 바와 같이 제어한다. 1 is a diagram showing an example of controlling the exhaust gas temperature and air-fuel ratio in the process of measuring the catalyst performance according to the present invention, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst in FIG. Control as shown.
우선, 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 온도를 실차 조건과 동등한 수준으로 제어하는 바, 일 예로 배기가스의 온도를 실차의 평균 승온속도인 120℃/min의 승온속도로 480℃까지 승온시킨다.First, the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is controlled to the same level as the actual vehicle condition. For example, the temperature of the exhaust gas is increased to 480 ° C at a temperature raising rate of 120 ° C / min, which is the average temperature raising rate of the actual vehicle.
이와 같이 배기가스를 승온시킬 때 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 공연비는 미 리 정해진 공연비로 유지하며, 이후 배기가스의 온도가 정해진 온도, 즉 480℃까지 승온되고 난 뒤 소정 시간이 경과한 시점에서 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 공연비를 린 조건으로 변경하여 유지한다.As such, when the exhaust gas is heated up, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is maintained at a predetermined air-fuel ratio.Then, after a predetermined time has elapsed since the temperature of the exhaust gas was raised to a predetermined temperature, that is, 480 ° C, Change the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the lean conditions.
그리고, 상기와 같이 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스 내 공연비를 소정의 린 조건으로 변경하여 유지하다가, 다시 소정 시간이 지난 시점에서 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 공연비를 소정의 리치 조건으로 순간 변경한다.As described above, the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is changed and maintained to a predetermined lean condition, and then the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is changed to a predetermined rich condition at a time when a predetermined time elapses.
도 1의 실시예에서는 배기가스의 승온 중에 공연비를 14.5로 유지하다가 20초가 경과한 시점에서 린 조건인 공연비 14.7로 변경하고, 이후 리치 조건으로서 공연비 14.3으로 순간 변경하고 있다.In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the air-fuel ratio is maintained at 14.5 during the temperature increase of the exhaust gas, and when the 20 seconds have elapsed, the air-fuel ratio is changed to the air-fuel ratio 14.7, which is a lean condition, and is subsequently changed to the air-fuel ratio 14.3 as a rich condition.
상기와 같이 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 공연비를 린 조건에서 리치 조건으로 순간 변경하는 경우, 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스 내 공연비가 순간 변경되더라도 촉매의 특성 때문에 촉매 내부에서는 약간의 시간적 지연이 있은 후 리치 분위기로 변경된다.When the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is changed from the lean condition to the rich condition as described above, even if the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is instantaneously changed, due to the characteristics of the catalyst, there is a slight time delay inside the catalyst. The atmosphere is changed.
따라서, 본 발명에서는, 촉매 내 공연비를 촉매에 설치된 공연비 센서를 통해 모니터링하면서, 촉매로 유입되는 배기가스의 공연비가 리치 조건으로 순간 변경된 시점과, 상기 공연비 센서로 모니터링되는 촉매 내부의 공연비가 동일한 리치 조건으로 변경된 시점 간의 시간 차이(time delay; sec)를 측정하고, 이 시간 차이(지연 시간, 시간적 지연값)를 토대로 촉매의 성능을 평가하게 된다. Therefore, in the present invention, while monitoring the air-fuel ratio in the catalyst through the air-fuel ratio sensor installed in the catalyst, the time when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is instantaneously changed to the rich condition, the air-fuel ratio inside the catalyst monitored by the air-fuel ratio sensor is the same The time delay (sec) between the time points changed to the condition is measured, and the performance of the catalyst is evaluated based on this time difference (delay time, time delay value).
이와 같이 본 발명에서는 촉매 내 배기가스의 공연비가 변경되는 시간적 지연값을 측정하여 촉매의 성능을 평가할 수 있는데, 시간적 지연값이 클수록 촉매의 성능이 우수한 것으로 판단할 수 있다.As described above, in the present invention, the performance of the catalyst can be evaluated by measuring a time delay value at which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the catalyst is changed, and the larger the time delay value, the better the catalyst performance can be determined.
본 발명에서는 상기와 같은 시간적 지연값을 측정하여 평가하는 방식으로 개선품과 비교품의 성능을 쉽고 정확하게 비교할 수 있게 된다.In the present invention, it is possible to easily and accurately compare the performance of the improved product and the comparative product by measuring and evaluating the time delay value as described above.
그리고, 상기와 같이 지연 시간을 측정하는 것과 함께 배기가스의 승온 중에 촉매의 정화 효율이 50%가 되는 배기가스 온도, 즉 LOT를 구하며, 촉매의 단품 성능을 정확히 평가하고 비교하기 위하여 상기 지연 시간과 LOT의 결과를 함께 활용하여 촉매의 단품 성능을 평가 및 비교한다.In addition, the delay time is measured as described above, and the exhaust gas temperature, that is, the LOT is obtained, in which the purification efficiency of the catalyst becomes 50% during the temperature rise of the exhaust gas. The results of the LOT are used together to evaluate and compare the part performance of the catalyst.
이와 같이 하여, 본 발명에서는 실차 조건에 부합되는 조건으로 지연 시간과 LOT를 측정하여 비교품과 개선품의 성능을 평가하게 됨으로써, 신뢰성 있고 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있게 된다. In this way, in the present invention, by measuring the delay time and the LOT in a condition that meets the actual vehicle conditions, the performance of the comparative product and the improved product can be evaluated, so that a reliable and accurate result can be obtained.
이상에서 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 촉매 성능 평가 방법에 의하면, 실차 조건에 부합되는 조건으로 지연 시간과 LOT를 측정하여 성능을 평가하게 됨으로써, 신뢰성 있고 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있으며, 개선품과 비교품에 대한 성능 비교를 쉽고 정확히 수행할 수 있게 된다.As described above, according to the method for evaluating the catalyst performance according to the present invention, the performance is evaluated by measuring the delay time and the LOT in a condition that meets the actual vehicle conditions, so that a reliable and accurate result can be obtained and compared with the improved product. Performance comparison of products can be done easily and accurately.
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| KR101526418B1 (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-06-05 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | Methods of evaluating activity of catalysts for purifying exhausted gas from internal combustion engine |
| CN106770889A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 云南民族大学 | A kind of catalyst screening device and method for hydrolyzing freon |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20020072559A (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-09-16 | 혼다 기켄 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Air-fuel ratio controller for internal combustion engines |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20020072559A (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-09-16 | 혼다 기켄 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Air-fuel ratio controller for internal combustion engines |
Cited By (2)
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| KR101526418B1 (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-06-05 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | Methods of evaluating activity of catalysts for purifying exhausted gas from internal combustion engine |
| CN106770889A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 云南民族大学 | A kind of catalyst screening device and method for hydrolyzing freon |
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